Fabricated building design method based on BIM

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fabricated buildings, in particular to a BIM (Building Information Modeling)-based fabricated building design method, which comprises the following steps of S1, project demand analysis; s2, project planning; s3, constructing a BIM three-dimensional model; s4, function partitioning and spatial layout optimization are carried out; s5, model selection of the assembly type system; s6, carrying out green and environment-friendly design and optimization; s7, carrying out collision check and optimization; s8, performing construction simulation and progress planning; s9, generating and optimizing a construction drawing; s10, generating a production list; and S11, production process management. Through function division and space layout optimization, the space utilization rate is increased, operability and comfort of the fabricated building in actual use are ensured, the energy utilization efficiency is improved through green and environment-friendly design and optimization, and the energy utilization rate is increased. Continuous optimization and operation and maintenance management of a building project are realized through standardization and information sharing of fabricated components, field installation guidance and building operation and maintenance, and the use benefit and sustainability of a building are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of prefabricated buildings, and in particular to a prefabricated building design method based on BIM. Background Art

[0002] Prefabricated buildings mainly refer to buildings assembled on site with prefabricated components. They are an important form of green buildings. With the rapid development of the construction industry, the requirements for the accuracy, efficiency and quality of building design, construction and management are becoming higher and higher. The combination of BIM technology and prefabricated buildings can achieve goals such as information sharing, collaborative design and optimized construction. BIM technology is also called development information modeling technology. It is an advanced technology based on digital simulation and virtualization. It processes, analyzes and integrates relevant data and equipment performance parameters according to the requirements of the construction project, thereby establishing a complete three-dimensional system.

[0003] A Chinese patent discloses a prefabricated building design method based on BIM technology (authorization announcement number CN108416076B). The patent technology includes the following steps: S1, data acquisition; S2, parameter preset; S3, modeling; S4, software simulation; S5, data determination; S6, sending results; S7 post-review; improve design efficiency, improve design quality, reduce design costs, and have visualization, high collaboration, and high accuracy. However, the above-mentioned prefabricated building design method based on BIM technology is not well prepared before modeling, and the space utilization rate of the assembled building is low, which affects the rationality and comfort of the subsequent space use and the living comfort of the user group. Conventional design and materials are used, and resources are wasted. The pollution to the use environment is large, the design of prefabricated components is not accurate enough, and trimming operations are required during the assembly process, which affects the installation efficiency of prefabricated components. The assembled building has no corresponding optimization maintenance, which is not conducive to the use efficiency and sustainability of the building. Therefore, those skilled in the art provide a prefabricated building design method based on BIM to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a BIM-based prefabricated building design method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a BIM-based prefabricated building design method, the steps are as follows: S1. Project requirements analysis: Contents include: S011. Site survey: Conduct a detailed survey of the construction site, including topography, geological conditions, and surrounding environment. Through field measurements and data collection, determine the site's dimensions, elevation, slope, and groundwater level information, and understand surrounding traffic conditions, existing building distribution, and sunlight conditions; S012. UAV aerial photography and laser scanning: Use UAV aerial photography and laser scanning technology to collect high-precision data on the site selection of prefabricated buildings, including topography, building locations, and transportation routes; S013. User demand collection: Fully communicate with project investors, users and relevant stakeholders to understand the functional requirements of the building. At the same time, collect expectations for the building's appearance and style, as well as specific goals for environmental performance and energy-saving indicators; S2. Project planning: Use BIM to build a basic 3D model, conduct preliminary space planning and functional layout, select appropriate building forms, component types and assembly methods, formulate preliminary design ideas, preset parameters and establish a standard library; S3. Construct BIM 3D model: Use BIM software to create a preliminary building volume model, determine the overall shape, height, and number of floors of the building, consider the coordination between the building and the surrounding environment, explore different building layout plans, and use BIM software to perform 3D modeling of the building based on demand analysis. During the modeling process, the details of the building's appearance, structure, facility layout, and equipment configuration must be accurately reflected, and each part of the building must be modeled in detail; S4. Functional zoning and spatial layout optimization: Refine the functional zoning in the BIM model, divide the building into different functional areas, arrange the positions of each functional area reasonably to ensure that they do not interfere with each other, and optimize the design of functional and spatial layout based on the BIM model. Through BIM virtual modeling and simulation analysis, evaluate the rationality and comfort of space use, adjust the layout of each functional area, maximize the efficiency of space use, and ensure the operability and comfort of prefabricated buildings in actual use; S5. Selection of prefabricated system: The contents are as follows: S051. Structural system selection: Analyze the building height, functional requirements, and seismic fortification requirements of the project, and select a prefabricated structural system; S052. Selection of prefabricated components: Determine the type and specifications of prefabricated components based on the selected structural system and building function; S053. Detailed component design: Design prefabricated components in the BIM model, and make identification codes on each prefabricated component to facilitate management during production, transportation and installation; S054. Node design: Design prefabricated beam-column nodes and select appropriate connection methods according to the structural system and stress characteristics; S055. Standardized design of prefabricated components: Create a prefabricated component library through BIM technology, standardize and modularize commonly used building components, accurately mark the size, weight, material, and connection method of each component through the BIM model, and realize prefabrication of components and rapid on-site installation, reducing the complexity and uncertainty in the construction process; S056. Lighting and ventilation analysis: Analyze the natural lighting and ventilation conditions of the building in the BIM model. Use the sunshine analysis tool to determine the sunshine duration and intensity of each room in the building at different seasons and times, adjust the room layout and window position to ensure sufficient natural lighting indoors and reduce the use of artificial lighting; S6. Green and environmentally friendly design and optimization: The contents are as follows: S061. Green design analysis: Import the 3D building model into the green building design analysis software to simulate and calculate sunlight, natural lighting and ventilation, noise prevention, indoor temperature and humidity, optimize the building layout, select appropriate building materials and energy-saving equipment, so as to achieve the green design of prefabricated buildings; S062. Automatic quantity calculation and material optimization: Utilize the automatic quantity calculation function of BIM software to automatically generate the quantities of steel bars, concrete, and formwork, and classify the quantities of corresponding materials for prefabricated structures. By optimizing the use of materials and selecting environmentally friendly materials, the cost and environmental impact of prefabricated buildings can be reduced. S063, Post-review and data archiving: Check and record the data of the prefabricated building after the design is completed, and compare, analyze and review it with the structural data threshold and structural simulation data. Through data archiving, provide a basis and reference for subsequent design work; S7. Collision check and optimization: Integrate the BIM models of different disciplines such as architecture, structure, water supply and drainage, and electrical into a collaborative platform. Use the collision check function of the BIM software to conduct a comprehensive collision check on the integrated model. Use the collision check function of the BIM software to conduct collision checks on the nodes to ensure that the connections between prefabricated components are accurate. Based on the collision check report, designers from various disciplines collaboratively adjust the design plan to solve the collision problem. S8. Construction simulation and schedule: According to the construction process of prefabricated buildings, the production, transportation, hoisting and splicing of prefabricated components are simulated in the BIM model to determine the sequence of each construction step, the required construction machinery and human resources. Combined with the results of the construction process simulation, a detailed construction schedule is prepared, the entire construction process is divided into several construction sections and construction processes, the start time, completion time and duration of each process are determined, and the schedule management function of the BIM software is used to associate the schedule with the building model to achieve visual management of the progress. S9. Construction drawing generation and optimization: BIM can automatically generate detailed construction drawings, including drawings of architecture, structure, electromechanical, and decoration. When generating construction drawings, BIM can automatically detect conflicts between drawings, discover design problems in advance, and avoid rework and unnecessary waste of resources during the construction process. S10, production list generation: extracting detailed information of prefabricated components from the BIM model and generating a prefabricated component production list; S11. Production process management: Through the integration of BIM and prefabricated component production management system, real-time monitoring of the prefabricated component production process is achieved. During the production process, the production progress and quality inspection information of the components are tracked and fed back into the BIM model; S12. Quality control and monitoring: Use BIM models and related measuring equipment to monitor the installation quality of prefabricated components in real time; S13. Transportation and storage planning: Design a reasonable transportation plan based on the size, weight and quantity of prefabricated components, select appropriate transportation vehicles and transportation routes, optimize transportation routes, plan storage areas for prefabricated components at the construction site, classify and store them according to the type and installation sequence of components, design storage racks and stacking methods, and ensure the stability and safety of prefabricated components during storage; S14. Standardization and information sharing of prefabricated components: Classify and store the design results of prefabricated components in the family library, standardize the prefabricated components in the family library, and use the information sharing function of BIM technology to achieve information sharing and collaborative work among all links of design, production and construction; S15. On-site installation guidance: Based on the BIM model and construction simulation results, prepare on-site installation guidance documents for prefabricated components. The installation guidance documents include component installation sequence, installation methods, and quality acceptance standards. The installation guidance documents will be issued to construction personnel as an operating guide for on-site installation; S16. Building operation and maintenance: After the construction is completed, the BIM model can be used for the later operation and maintenance management of the building. Equipment management, energy management, and fault diagnosis can be carried out through BIM to improve the management efficiency and operational benefits of the building. Building managers can use the BIM model to perform facility management, equipment maintenance, and energy monitoring, and use the BIM model to update the building's maintenance records and life cycle data in real time.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention: the content of the parameter preset in S2 is as follows: according to the design requirements of the prefabricated building, the building is divided into exterior wall panels, composite panels, additional spaces, embedded parts and steel bars, and each part is numbered, and the structural data threshold of each part is input into the data judgment part in the central control platform. The content of establishing the standard library is as follows: the standard library includes geometric dimensions, material properties and connection methods of various prefabricated components.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: the prefabricated structural system in S5 includes a prefabricated concrete structure, a prefabricated steel structure and a prefabricated wooden structure, and the prefabricated components include prefabricated wall panels, prefabricated floor panels, prefabricated stairs, and prefabricated beams and columns.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: the content of designing the prefabricated beam-column nodes in S5 is as follows: a combination of high-strength bolts and welding is used to ensure that the nodes have sufficient strength and ductility under earthquake action; for the vertical connection nodes of the prefabricated wall panels, grouting sleeves are used to ensure reliable force transmission between the wall panels and good waterproof performance; through the three-dimensional visualization function of the BIM model, the stress conditions of the node installation process are simulated to timely discover and solve potential problems.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the content of real-time monitoring in S12 is as follows: S0121. Production and quality control of prefabricated components: Optimize the production plan of prefabricated components through BIM to ensure that the production of components meets the quality standards, including the production details, transportation methods, and installation requirements of each component, to ensure that production and construction are coordinated. The BIM system tracks the quality of components throughout the process to ensure that each module meets the predetermined quality standards; S0122. Materials and resource management: During the design phase, BIM accurately calculates the materials required for the construction project, optimizes the procurement plan and transportation arrangements of materials, and manages materials digitally through BIM; S0123. BIM application in the construction phase: During the construction phase, BIM technology is used to guide on-site construction, including the transportation, unloading and installation of prefabricated components. Construction personnel use BIM to coordinate on-site and timely understand the arrival time, installation sequence and construction progress of components to ensure efficient and seamless construction. S0124. Construction progress and cost control: Use BIM technology to dynamically monitor the construction progress and adjust the construction plan in real time to ensure that the project is completed on time. BIM can accurately calculate the cost of the construction project, identify overspending or waste in a timely manner, and make adjustments to ensure that the budget is under control.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a BIM-based prefabricated building design method, which evaluates the rationality and comfort of space use through functional zoning and space layout optimization, improves space utilization, and ensures the operability and comfort of prefabricated buildings in actual use; Improve energy efficiency through green environmental protection design and optimization, reduce resource waste during construction, and reduce environmental pollution; Through collision checking and optimization, construction simulation and progress planning, collision checking of nodes is carried out to ensure the accuracy of the connection between prefabricated components, improve construction efficiency and reduce time waste during the construction process; Through the standardization and information sharing of prefabricated components, on-site installation guidance, and building operation and maintenance, we can achieve continuous optimization and operation and maintenance management of construction projects, improve the utilization efficiency and sustainability of buildings, and ensure the safety and stability of structures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example

[0011] A BIM-based prefabricated building design method, the steps are as follows: S1. Project requirements analysis: Contents include: S011. Site survey: Conduct a detailed survey of the construction site, including topography, geological conditions, and surrounding environment. Through field measurements and data collection, determine the site's size, elevation, slope, and groundwater level information, and understand the surrounding traffic conditions, existing building distribution, and sunlight conditions. For example, if the site is located in a busy traffic area, it is necessary to consider setting up reasonable cargo loading and unloading areas and vehicle passages to facilitate the transportation and lifting of prefabricated components. If there are noise-sensitive areas around, such as schools or hospitals, appropriate sound insulation measures must be taken in the design; S012. UAV aerial photography and laser scanning: Use UAV aerial photography and laser scanning technology to collect high-precision data on the site selection of prefabricated buildings, including topography, building locations, and transportation routes; S013. User demand collection: Fully communicate with project investors, users and relevant stakeholders to understand the functional requirements of the building, such as office space, number of residential units, and commercial area, and clarify the special requirements of different functional areas, such as the office area's demand for spatial flexibility and the residential area's requirements for indoor comfort and privacy. At the same time, collect expectations for the building's appearance and style, as well as specific goals for environmental performance and energy-saving indicators; S2. Project planning: Use BIM to establish a basic three-dimensional model, conduct preliminary space planning and functional layout, select suitable building forms, component types and assembly methods, formulate preliminary design ideas, perform parameter presets and establish a standard library. The parameter preset contents are as follows: According to the design requirements of prefabricated buildings, the building is divided into exterior wall panels, composite panels, additional spaces, embedded parts and steel bars, and each part is numbered. The structural data threshold of each part is input into the data judgment unit in the central control platform. The structural data threshold is such as shape and size, temperature tolerance, compressive strength, and structural weight. The contents of establishing a standard library are as follows: The standard library includes the geometric dimensions, material properties, and connection methods of various prefabricated components, providing a standardized and modular component library for subsequent BIM modeling; S3. Construct BIM 3D model: Use BIM software to create a preliminary building volume model, determine the overall shape, height, and number of floors of the building, and consider the coordination between the building and the surrounding environment. For example, the orientation of the building should be optimized in combination with sunlight and wind direction to reduce the absorption of solar radiation heat in summer and heat loss in winter. Explore different building layout schemes, such as centralized, decentralized, or mixed layouts, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme in terms of functional zoning, streamline organization, and space utilization. Based on the demand analysis, use BIM software to perform 3D modeling of the building. During the modeling process, the details of the building's appearance, structure, facility layout, and equipment configuration should be accurately reflected, and each part of the building, such as structure, facade, interior layout, and electromechanical system, should be modeled in detail; S4. Functional zoning and spatial layout optimization: Refine the functional zoning in the BIM model, divide the building into different functional areas, such as public areas, private areas, and service areas, arrange the locations of various functional areas reasonably to ensure that they do not interfere with each other, and optimize the design of functional and spatial layout based on the BIM model. Through BIM virtual modeling and simulation analysis, evaluate the rationality and comfort of space use, adjust the layout of various functional areas, maximize the efficiency of space use, and ensure the operability and comfort of prefabricated buildings in actual use; S5. Selection of prefabricated system: The contents are as follows: S051. Structural system selection: Analyze the building height, functional requirements, and seismic fortification requirements of the project, and select a prefabricated structural system, which includes prefabricated concrete structure, prefabricated steel structure, and prefabricated wooden structure; S052. Selection of prefabricated components: Determine the type and specifications of prefabricated components based on the selected structural system and building functions. Prefabricated components include prefabricated wall panels, prefabricated floor slabs, prefabricated stairs, and prefabricated beams and columns; S053. Detailed component design: Design prefabricated components in the BIM model, and make identification codes on each prefabricated component to facilitate management during production, transportation and installation; S054. Node design: Design prefabricated beam-column nodes. According to the structural system and stress characteristics, select appropriate connection methods, such as bolt connection, welding, and grouting connection. The design of prefabricated beam-column nodes is as follows: Use a combination of high-strength bolts and welding to ensure that the nodes have sufficient strength and ductility under earthquake action. For the vertical connection nodes of prefabricated wall panels, use grouting sleeves to ensure reliable force transmission between wall panels and good waterproof performance. Use the three-dimensional visualization function of the BIM model to simulate the stress conditions of the node installation process and promptly discover and solve potential problems; S055. Standardized design of prefabricated components: Create a prefabricated component library through BIM technology, standardize and modularize commonly used building components, accurately mark the size, weight, material, and connection method of each component through the BIM model, and realize prefabrication of components and rapid on-site installation, reducing the complexity and uncertainty in the construction process; S056. Lighting and ventilation analysis: Analyze the natural lighting and ventilation conditions of the building in the BIM model. Use the sunshine analysis tool to determine the sunshine duration and intensity of each room in the building at different seasons and times, adjust the room layout and window position to ensure sufficient natural lighting indoors and reduce the use of artificial lighting; S6. Green and environmentally friendly design and optimization: The contents are as follows: S061. Green design analysis: Import the 3D building model into the green building design analysis software to simulate and calculate sunlight, natural lighting and ventilation, noise prevention, indoor temperature and humidity, optimize the building layout, select appropriate building materials and energy-saving equipment, so as to achieve the green design of prefabricated buildings; S062. Automatic quantity calculation and material optimization: Utilize the automatic quantity calculation function of BIM software to automatically generate the quantities of steel bars, concrete, and formwork, and classify the quantities of corresponding materials for prefabricated structures. By optimizing the use of materials and selecting environmentally friendly materials, the cost and environmental impact of prefabricated buildings can be reduced. S063, Post-review and data archiving: Check and record the data of the prefabricated building after the design is completed, and compare, analyze and review it with the structural data threshold and structural simulation data. Through data archiving, provide a basis and reference for subsequent design work; S7. Collision check and optimization: Integrate BIM models of different disciplines such as architecture, structure, water supply and drainage, and electricity into a collaborative platform. For example, the wall position in the architectural model and the beam and column position in the structural model should accurately correspond. The direction of water supply and drainage pipes and electrical bridges cannot conflict with structural parts. Through model integration, information sharing and collaborative work among disciplines can be achieved. The collision check function of BIM software is used to conduct a comprehensive collision check on the integrated model. The collision check function of BIM software is used to conduct collision checks on nodes to ensure that the connections between prefabricated components are accurate. According to the collision check report, designers from various disciplines coordinate to adjust the design plan and solve the collision problem. For example, if it is found that the water supply and drainage pipes collide with the electrical bridge, the conflict can be avoided by adjusting the direction of the pipes or bridges. If it is found that the space between equipment is insufficient and cannot meet the equipment installation and maintenance requirements, it is necessary to re-plan the layout of the equipment room or adjust the equipment selection. S8. Construction simulation and schedule: According to the construction process of prefabricated buildings, the production, transportation, hoisting and splicing of prefabricated components are simulated in the BIM model to determine the order of each construction step, the required construction machinery and human resources. For example, simulate the hoisting process of prefabricated wall panels, determine the model and position of the crane, design the lifting point and temporary fixing measures of the wall panels, optimize the construction plan through construction process simulation, improve construction efficiency and safety, and prepare a detailed construction schedule based on the results of construction process simulation. The entire construction process is divided into several construction sections and construction processes, and the start time, completion time and duration of each process are determined. The schedule management function of BIM software is used to associate the schedule with the building model to achieve visual management of the progress. For example, according to the production cycle and transportation time of prefabricated components, the hoisting sequence of the construction site is reasonably arranged to ensure the continuity of construction. The construction progress is monitored in real time through the BIM model, deviations are discovered in time and corresponding adjustment measures are taken; S9. Construction drawing generation and optimization: BIM can automatically generate detailed construction drawings, including drawings of architecture, structure, electromechanical, and decoration. When generating construction drawings, BIM can automatically detect conflicts between drawings, discover design problems in advance, and avoid rework and unnecessary waste of resources during the construction process. S10, production list generation: extracting detailed information of prefabricated components from the BIM model and generating a prefabricated component production list; S11. Production process management: Through the integration of BIM and prefabricated component production management system, real-time monitoring of the prefabricated component production process is achieved. During the production process, the production progress and quality inspection information of the components are tracked and fed back into the BIM model; S12. Quality control and monitoring: Use BIM models and related measuring equipment to monitor the installation quality of prefabricated components in real time. The contents of real-time monitoring are as follows: S0121. Production and quality control of prefabricated components: Optimize the production plan of prefabricated components through BIM to ensure that the production of components meets the quality standards, including the production details, transportation methods, and installation requirements of each component, to ensure that production and construction are coordinated. The BIM system tracks the quality of components throughout the process to ensure that each module meets the predetermined quality standards; S0122. Materials and resource management: During the design phase, BIM accurately calculates the materials required for the construction project, optimizes the procurement plan and transportation arrangements of materials, and manages materials digitally through BIM; S0123. BIM application in the construction phase: During the construction phase, BIM technology is used to guide on-site construction, including the transportation, unloading and installation of prefabricated components. Construction personnel use BIM to coordinate on-site and timely understand the arrival time, installation sequence and construction progress of components to ensure efficient and seamless construction. S0124. Construction progress and cost control: Use BIM technology to dynamically monitor the construction progress and adjust the construction plan in real time to ensure that the project is completed on time. BIM can accurately calculate the cost of the construction project, identify overspending or waste in a timely manner, and make adjustments to ensure that the budget is under control; S13. Transportation and storage planning: Design a reasonable transportation plan based on the size, weight and quantity of prefabricated components, select appropriate transportation vehicles and transportation routes, optimize transportation routes, plan storage areas for prefabricated components at the construction site, classify and store them according to the type and installation sequence of components, design storage racks and stacking methods, and ensure the stability and safety of prefabricated components during storage; S14. Standardization and information sharing of prefabricated components: Classify and store the design results of prefabricated components in the family library, standardize the prefabricated components in the family library, and use the information sharing function of BIM technology to achieve information sharing and collaborative work among all links of design, production and construction; S15. On-site installation guidance: Based on the BIM model and construction simulation results, prepare on-site installation guidance documents for prefabricated components. The installation guidance documents include the component installation sequence, installation methods, and quality acceptance standards. The installation guidance documents are issued to construction personnel as an operation guide for on-site installation. For example, for the installation of prefabricated stairs, the guidance documents should detail the lifting position of the stairs, the connection method with the upper and lower floors, and the verticality and horizontality control requirements during the installation process. Construction personnel perform installation operations in accordance with the guidance documents to ensure the accuracy and quality of component installation; S16. Building operation and maintenance: After the construction is completed, the BIM model can be used for the later operation and maintenance management of the building. Equipment management, energy management, and fault diagnosis can be carried out through BIM to improve the management efficiency and operational benefits of the building. Building managers can use the BIM model to perform facility management, equipment maintenance, and energy monitoring. The BIM model can be used to update the building's maintenance records and life cycle data in real time, thereby extending the building's service life and reducing operating costs.

[0012] What is described above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-based prefabricated building design method, characterized in that: Here are the steps: S1. Project requirements analysis: Contents include: S011. Site survey: Conduct a detailed survey of the construction site, including topography, geological conditions, and surrounding environment. Through field measurements and data collection, determine the site's dimensions, elevation, slope, and groundwater level information, and understand surrounding traffic conditions, existing building distribution, and sunlight conditions; S012. UAV aerial photography and laser scanning: Use UAV aerial photography and laser scanning technology to collect high-precision data on the site selection of prefabricated buildings, including topography, building locations, and transportation routes; S013. User demand collection: Fully communicate with project investors, users and relevant stakeholders to understand the functional requirements of the building. At the same time, collect expectations for the building's appearance and style, as well as specific goals for environmental performance and energy-saving indicators; S2. Project planning: Use BIM to build a basic 3D model, conduct preliminary space planning and functional layout, select appropriate building forms, component types and assembly methods, formulate preliminary design ideas, preset parameters and establish a standard library; S3. Construct BIM 3D model: Use BIM software to create a preliminary building volume model, determine the overall shape, height, and number of floors of the building, consider the coordination between the building and the surrounding environment, explore different building layout plans, and use BIM software to perform 3D modeling of the building based on demand analysis. During the modeling process, the details of the building's appearance, structure, facility layout, and equipment configuration must be accurately reflected, and each part of the building must be modeled in detail; S4. Functional zoning and spatial layout optimization: Refine the functional zoning in the BIM model, divide the building into different functional areas, arrange the positions of each functional area reasonably to ensure that they do not interfere with each other, and optimize the design of functional and spatial layout based on the BIM model. Through BIM virtual modeling and simulation analysis, evaluate the rationality and comfort of space use, adjust the layout of each functional area, maximize the efficiency of space use, and ensure the operability and comfort of prefabricated buildings in actual use; S5. Selection of prefabricated system: The contents are as follows: S051. Structural system selection: Analyze the building height, functional requirements, and seismic fortification requirements of the project, and select a prefabricated structural system; S052. Selection of prefabricated components: Determine the type and specifications of prefabricated components based on the selected structural system and building function; S053. Detailed component design: Design prefabricated components in the BIM model, and make identification codes on each prefabricated component to facilitate management during production, transportation and installation; S054. Node design: Design prefabricated beam-column nodes and select appropriate connection methods according to the structural system and stress characteristics; S055. Standardized design of prefabricated components: Create a prefabricated component library through BIM technology, standardize and modularize commonly used building components, accurately mark the size, weight, material, and connection method of each component through the BIM model, and realize prefabrication of components and rapid on-site installation, reducing the complexity and uncertainty in the construction process; S056. Lighting and ventilation analysis: Analyze the natural lighting and ventilation conditions of the building in the BIM model. Use the sunshine analysis tool to determine the sunshine duration and intensity of each room in the building at different seasons and times, adjust the room layout and window position to ensure sufficient natural lighting indoors and reduce the use of artificial lighting; S6. Green and environmentally friendly design and optimization: The contents are as follows: S061. Green design analysis: Import the 3D building model into the green building design analysis software to simulate and calculate sunlight, natural lighting and ventilation, noise prevention, indoor temperature and humidity, optimize the building layout, select appropriate building materials and energy-saving equipment, so as to achieve the green design of prefabricated buildings; S062. Automatic quantity calculation and material optimization: Utilize the automatic quantity calculation function of BIM software to automatically generate the quantities of steel bars, concrete, and formwork, and classify the quantities of corresponding materials for prefabricated structures. By optimizing the use of materials and selecting environmentally friendly materials, the cost and environmental impact of prefabricated buildings can be reduced. S063, Post-review and data archiving: Check and record the data of the prefabricated building after the design is completed, and compare, analyze and review it with the structural data threshold and structural simulation data. Through data archiving, provide a basis and reference for subsequent design work; S7. Collision check and optimization: Integrate the BIM models of different disciplines such as architecture, structure, water supply and drainage, and electrical into a collaborative platform. Use the collision check function of the BIM software to conduct a comprehensive collision check on the integrated model. Use the collision check function of the BIM software to conduct collision checks on the nodes to ensure that the connections between prefabricated components are accurate. Based on the collision check report, designers from various disciplines collaboratively adjust the design plan to solve the collision problem. S8. Construction simulation and schedule: According to the construction process of prefabricated buildings, the production, transportation, hoisting and splicing of prefabricated components are simulated in the BIM model to determine the sequence of each construction step, the required construction machinery and human resources. Combined with the results of the construction process simulation, a detailed construction schedule is prepared, the entire construction process is divided into several construction sections and construction processes, the start time, completion time and duration of each process are determined, and the schedule management function of the BIM software is used to associate the schedule with the building model to achieve visual management of the progress. S9. Construction drawing generation and optimization: BIM can automatically generate detailed construction drawings, including drawings of architecture, structure, electromechanical, and decoration. When generating construction drawings, BIM can automatically detect conflicts between drawings, discover design problems in advance, and avoid rework and unnecessary waste of resources during the construction process. S10, production list generation: extracting detailed information of prefabricated components from the BIM model and generating a prefabricated component production list; S11. Production process management: Through the integration of BIM and prefabricated component production management system, real-time monitoring of the prefabricated component production process is achieved. During the production process, the production progress and quality inspection information of the components are tracked and fed back into the BIM model; S12. Quality control and monitoring: Use BIM models and related measuring equipment to monitor the installation quality of prefabricated components in real time; S13. Transportation and storage planning: Design a reasonable transportation plan based on the size, weight and quantity of prefabricated components, select appropriate transportation vehicles and transportation routes, optimize transportation routes, plan storage areas for prefabricated components at the construction site, classify and store them according to the type and installation sequence of components, design storage racks and stacking methods, and ensure the stability and safety of prefabricated components during storage; S14. Standardization and information sharing of prefabricated components: Classify and store the design results of prefabricated components in the family library, standardize the prefabricated components in the family library, and use the information sharing function of BIM technology to achieve information sharing and collaborative work among all links of design, production and construction; S15. On-site installation guidance: Based on the BIM model and construction simulation results, prepare on-site installation guidance documents for prefabricated components. The installation guidance documents include component installation sequence, installation methods, and quality acceptance standards. The installation guidance documents will be issued to construction personnel as an operating guide for on-site installation; S16. Building operation and maintenance: After the construction is completed, the BIM model can be used for the later operation and maintenance management of the building. Equipment management, energy management, and fault diagnosis can be carried out through BIM. Building managers can use the BIM model to perform facility management, equipment maintenance, and energy monitoring, and use the BIM model to update the building's maintenance records and life cycle data in real time.

2. The BIM-based prefabricated building design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content of the parameter preset in S2 is as follows: according to the design requirements of the prefabricated building, the building is divided into exterior wall panels, composite panels, additional spaces, embedded parts and steel bars, and each part is numbered, and the structural data threshold of each part is input into the data judgment part in the central control platform. The content of establishing the standard library is as follows: the standard library includes the geometric dimensions, material properties and connection methods of various prefabricated components.

3. The BIM-based prefabricated building design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prefabricated structural system in S5 includes a prefabricated concrete structure, a prefabricated steel structure and a prefabricated wooden structure, and the prefabricated components include prefabricated wall panels, prefabricated floor slabs, prefabricated stairs, and prefabricated beams and columns.

4. The BIM-based prefabricated building design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contents of the design of the prefabricated beam-column nodes in S5 are as follows: a combination of high-strength bolts and welding is used to ensure that the nodes have sufficient strength and ductility under earthquake action. For the vertical connection nodes of the prefabricated wall panels, grouting sleeves are used to ensure reliable force transmission between the wall panels and good waterproof performance. Through the three-dimensional visualization function of the BIM model, the stress conditions of the node installation process are simulated to timely discover and solve potential problems.

5. The BIM-based prefabricated building design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contents of real-time monitoring in S12 are as follows: S0121. Production and quality control of prefabricated components: Optimize the production plan of prefabricated components through BIM to ensure that the production of components meets the quality standards, including the production details, transportation methods, and installation requirements of each component, to ensure that production and construction are coordinated. The BIM system tracks the quality of components throughout the process to ensure that each module meets the predetermined quality standards; S0122. Materials and resource management: During the design phase, BIM accurately calculates the materials required for the construction project, optimizes the procurement plan and transportation arrangements of materials, and manages materials digitally through BIM; S0123. BIM application in the construction phase: During the construction phase, BIM technology is used to guide on-site construction, including the transportation, unloading and installation of prefabricated components. Construction personnel use BIM to coordinate on-site and timely understand the arrival time, installation sequence and construction progress of components to ensure efficient and seamless construction. S0124. Construction progress and cost control: Use BIM technology to dynamically monitor the construction progress and adjust the construction plan in real time to ensure that the project is completed on time. BIM can accurately calculate the cost of the construction project, identify overspending or waste in a timely manner, and make adjustments to ensure that the budget is under control.