Crude oil storage tank combustion boiling-over simulation test device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crude oil storage tank safety testing, and particularly discloses a crude oil storage tank combustion boiling overflow simulation testing device which comprises an experiment table, an oil tray, a sampling assembly and a measuring assembly, the oil tray is connected to the experiment table, and the measuring assembly comprises a plurality of heat flow meters, a thermocouple, a camera and an infrared camera. The heat flow meters are arranged at the bottom, in the middle and outside the oil pan respectively and used for measuring and obtaining internal and external heat conduction intensity data of the oil pan when crude oil burns. The thermocouple is connected in the oil pan through the mounting frame and used for measuring and obtaining data of the temperature of the center line of the oil pan, the formation position of a hot area and the temperature in the hot area, the camera is used for obtaining image data of the flame height, the splashing area contour and the combustion area contour which change along with time, and the infrared camera is used for obtaining image data of the thermal radiation area contour; the sampling assembly is connected to one side of the oil pan and used for sampling and detecting non-azeotropic oil in a hot area in the oil pan. The device can provide more comprehensive data support for disaster relief.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of safety testing of crude oil storage tanks, and in particular to a crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation testing device and method. Background Art

[0002] Boiling and splashing are extremely destructive accident phenomena in heavy oil storage tank fires. The water under the oil layer vaporizes under the action of heat waves and splashes around with flaming oil droplets, expanding the scope of the accident and threatening the safety of life and property. Understanding the combustion, boiling and splashing phenomena and mechanisms of storage tank fires is crucial to firefighting and rescue and reducing accident losses. In order to study the mechanism of crude oil boiling and splashing, many researchers at home and abroad have built simulation test devices and carried out related research work.

[0003] Zhao Xue'e and others from Zhengzhou University conducted a boiling fire characteristic analysis based on a small-scale oil tank experiment. They built a small-scale experimental device system mainly composed of the oil tank body and the measurement system. The measurement system mainly includes a camera system, a temperature data acquisition system, etc. Specific tools include a high-definition camera, a tripod, a temperature acquisition module, a thermocouple, etc. The oil tank body is a small-scale stainless steel cup. According to the actual geometric construction rules of the oil tank, two ordinary carbon steel small cups with a height of 65mm, a wall thickness of 2mm, and a diameter of D1=70mm and D2=150mm were selected. A small-scale oil tank boiling fire test model was built, and three oil-water mixing ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 were used to study the characteristics and change process of the boiling fire, and the boiling occurrence time calculation formula was obtained.

[0004] Kong Depeng and others from China University of Petroleum (East China) conducted a crude oil tank fire simulation test using a small-sized simulated tank to observe the combustion process of a crude oil tank boiling fire and explore the factors and laws that affect the time of boiling. In the test, a glass beaker with an inner diameter of 71mm was used to simulate a crude oil tank. In order to avoid heat transfer between the beaker and the electronic balance, an insulating pad was placed at the bottom of the beaker. In addition, a camera was used to shoot the combustion process in the test, mainly to record the change process of the flame.

[0005] Zhang Baoliang and others from Daqing Oilfield Design Institute designed an experimental storage tank system consisting of three storage tanks, each with a 1000m 3The model of the storage tank is 1:4, the diameter of the oil tank is 2.95m, and the height of the oil tank is 2.65m. With the combustion tank as the center, the adjacent storage tanks are on both sides of the combustion tank, and the three storage tanks are distributed in a straight line. The distance between the combustion tank and the other two adjacent tanks is 0.5D and D (D is the diameter of the combustion tank). The surface layer of the combustion tank stores 50cm of oil, and the lower part of the oil layer is water. This experiment conducted combustion experiments under three conditions when the tank top was fully open, 1 / 2 open, and 1 / 4 open when crude oil was burning. The inside of the two adjacent storage tanks was water. The radiation heat flux was tested using a radiation heat flux meter. In the horizontal direction, three benchmarks were set up at the oblique space L=D, 1.5D, and 2D from the center of the combustion tank. The height of the benchmark was the same as the height of the tank. Each benchmark was evenly distributed with 4 radiation heat flux meters from top to bottom to monitor the distribution of radiation heat flux in the vertical direction. The vertical distance between each radiation heat flux meter was 0.88m. Four radiation heat flux meters are evenly distributed from top to bottom on the inner side of the adjacent tank (close to the burning tank) at a distance of 0.5D from the burning tank, and the vertical distance between each radiation heat flux meter is also 0.88m. Using this test device, the thermal radiation intensity of the surrounding space of the crude oil storage tank fire under different opening areas was experimentally tested, and the tank top opening area, horizontal and vertical distance were analyzed based on the experimental results.

[0006] Kong Depeng and others from China University of Petroleum (East China) have developed a crude oil tank boiling fire teaching experiment platform in response to boiling fire accidents that occur during crude oil storage. The platform mainly consists of three parts: an environmental wind simulation system, a crude oil tank boiling fire simulation system, and a measurement system.

[0007] (1) Ambient wind simulation system. The ambient wind simulation system is mainly used to generate the ambient wind required for the experiment. In the experiment, a variable frequency axial flow fan is used to construct the ambient wind simulation system required for the experiment. An axial flow variable frequency fan is set at the end of the ambient wind simulation system to generate the required ambient wind. Its speed is 1450 rpm and the air volume adjustment range is 0 to 18250 m 3 / h. In order to achieve adjustable wind speed, a digital frequency converter is used to control the frequency of the axial flow fan to achieve the purpose of changing the wind speed. Because the airflow generated by the axial flow fan is unevenly distributed in space. Generally speaking, the wind speed is lower near the center of the axial flow fan. The results obtained from the experiment using uneven airflow cannot quantitatively analyze the impact of different wind speeds on the characteristics of the boiling fire in the tank. For this reason, a fairing is used at the end of the axial flow fan to rectify the wind flow generated by the variable frequency fan, so as to obtain an ambient wind with a relatively stable wind speed. In addition, in order to measure the ambient wind speed generated by the system, anemometers are arranged at equal intervals on the vertical rods at the end of the fairing to ensure that the wind speed conditions required for each experiment are provided.

[0008] (2) Crude oil tank boiling fire simulation system. In order to simulate boiling fire in crude oil tanks, stainless steel was used to make scaled-down crude oil tanks based on the specific size of crude oil tanks in my country. In order to consider the characteristics of boiling fire in crude oil tanks with different diameters, three scaled-down crude oil tanks with different diameters were made according to needs, with diameters of 0.1m, 0.2m and 0.3m respectively. When conducting the experiment, a certain amount of water was first injected into the tank, and then a certain amount of a certain type of crude oil was injected according to the purpose of the experiment. The lower part of the crude oil tank was supported on an electronic balance by a tripod, and a certain gap was left between the bottom of the tank and the balance to allow normal air circulation.

[0009] (3) Measurement system

[0010] 1) Mass measurement system. The burning rate is a basic parameter to characterize the fire of crude oil storage tanks. It can usually be expressed by the mass loss rate of the oil pool per unit area, that is, the mass burning rate. In the experimental platform, an electronic balance is used to record the mass change of the crude oil storage tank combustion system to obtain the mass burning rate.

[0011] 2) Temperature measurement system. The temperature of the crude oil and water layer and the temperature change of the tank wall during the development of the boiling fire in the crude oil tank are important parameters for the occurrence and development of the boiling fire in the crude oil tank. During the combustion of crude oil, the surface of the crude oil is radiated by flames or convective heat transfer, and the temperature of the crude oil in the tank continues to rise, thereby generating a large amount of combustible steam to keep the combustion going. In addition, the temperature change of the tank wall during the combustion of crude oil has an important influence on understanding the characteristics of the boiling fire in the crude oil tank. To this end, it is necessary to measure the temperature of the crude oil and water at different positions in the tank and the temperature of the tank wall, so as to understand the thermal feedback mechanism of the boiling fire in the crude oil tank and the influence of the wall heat loss on the combustion characteristics of the boiling fire. In the fire experiment, the main method of temperature measurement is the thermocouple method. Since the thermocouple is a contact temperature measurement method, the thermocouple probe will penetrate into the fuel and cause certain interference to the thermal convection field inside the fuel. In addition, the response speed of thermocouples of different diameters is also different, which will also affect the measurement results. To this end, a K-type armored micro-thermocouple with a diameter of 0.5 mm is used in the experimental platform for temperature measurement to improve the temperature measurement response speed and reduce the interference of the thermocouple on the system.

[0012] Lu Shouxiang and others from Hefei Yikepu Industrial Equipment Co., Ltd. invented a real fire simulation training device for internal floating roof tank fires, which includes an internal floating roof oil tank, simulated fire point ventilation valves set at the tank top vents and peripheral vents, and ventilation valves set at the manholes. The water bath burner is set on the internal floating roof structure of the internal floating roof oil tank, and the gas source is provided by the external gas supply system, and the ignition mechanism provides a stable ignition source smoke generator, which is used to provide simulated thick smoke and water spraying devices into the internal floating roof oil tank during the fire simulation process, and is used to spray the inner and outer walls of the tank body during the combustion process. The device can be used for fire observation, fire training, research on the development process of floating roof chemical tanks in chemical areas such as fire bases, fire training sites, and chemical fire laboratories, as well as research on the development process of fire during fire extinguishing.

[0013] Gao Jifeng and others from Sinopec Zhongyuan Petroleum Engineering Design Co., Ltd. designed a large-scale storage tank top full liquid surface fire simulation device and simulation method. The device includes an annular water pipeline, an annular liquid propane pipeline, a liquid propane pipeline, a normal temperature water pipeline, an automatic ignition device and a cylindrical target material. A target base is fixed on the central outer surface of the tank top, a cylindrical target material is fixed on the target base, and an automatic ignition device is arranged on the outer surface of the tank top. The simulation method provided by the present invention is to achieve the simulation of the full liquid surface fire scenario on the top of a large storage tank by cooperating with various systems, which is suitable for storage tank fire rescue drills and fire reenactment research. In addition, a large-scale storage tank wall flowing fire simulation device is also designed, including a steel flowing fire trough installed on the tank wall, a liquid distribution system installed on the top of the tank wall, and an ignition system installed on the top of the flowing fire trough. Based on the background of improving the level of fire fighting and emergency rescue training, drills, and technical competitions, the present invention proposes a tank wall flowing fire simulation device and a simulation test method, and adopts environmentally friendly fuel to simulate the burning flame, which is of great significance for studying the tank wall flowing fire scene and improving the rescue efficiency and safety.

[0014] Zhao Jinlong from China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) designed a device and simulation method to simulate the effect of the side wall on the combustion behavior of the oil pool fire in the storage tank, including: a burner, a side wall simulation device, a gas supply device, a tracer particle device and a monitoring device. The upper end of the burner is open, and the combustible gas is introduced and ignited to provide a fire source; the side wall simulation device includes a transparent cylinder and a lifting platform; the gas supply device controls the combustion intensity of the fire source by adjusting the gas flow rate; the tracer particle device is used to simulate the flow field inside the cylinder during the combustion process; the monitoring device is used to obtain the key combustion parameters inside and outside the cylinder. During the operation of the device, the cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the burner, and the position is adjusted by the lifting platform to control the distance from the burner to the cylinder outlet, simulating different effective side wall heights. At the same time, the monitoring device records the flame characteristic parameters, internal flow field information and radiation distribution inside and outside the cylinder in real time, thereby deepening the understanding of the internal combustion conditions of the storage tank and providing a reference for the study of fire extinguishing strategies for storage tank fires. Summary of the invention

[0015] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a crude oil storage tank combustion and boiling simulation test device, which can supplement the blank of the mechanism and phenomenon of storage tank fire combustion, boiling and splashing by conducting multi-scale pool fire experiments, and provide more comprehensive data support for disaster relief.

[0016] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0017] A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device comprises a test bench, an oil pan, a sampling component and a measuring component. The oil pan is connected to the test bench. The measuring component comprises a plurality of heat flux meters, thermocouples, cameras and infrared cameras. The plurality of heat flux meters are respectively arranged at the bottom, middle and outside of the oil pan, and are used to measure and obtain the heat conduction intensity data inside and outside the oil pan when the crude oil is burning; the thermocouple is connected to the oil pan through a mounting frame, and is used to measure and obtain the temperature at the center line of the oil pan, the position of the hot zone formation and the temperature data in the hot zone; the camera is used to obtain the flame height, the splashing area contour and the combustion area contour image data that change with time; the infrared camera is used to obtain the heat radiation area contour image data; the sampling component is connected to one side of the oil pan, and is used for sampling and detecting non-azeotropic oil products in the hot zone of the oil pan.

[0018] In a further solution, the oil pan is provided with a top cover for simulating a tank top, and the top cover is connected to a slider that can be raised and lowered along the side wall of the oil pan through a hinge. The slider is connected to a driving gear rod, and the driving gear rod is driven by a rotating gear, and the gear is connected to a rotating handle, and the rotating handle is used to drive the gear to rotate.

[0019] In a further scheme, the sampling assembly includes a sampling probe, a sample storage dish, a motor, a controller, a nitrogen bottle, a support and a pump. The sampling probe is used to sample oil from the internal non-boiling area where the heat radiation is conducted after the crude oil in the hot zone is burned. The sample storage dish is used to store the sampled oil. The sampling probe is connected to the pump and the sample storage dish through a pipeline and a valve respectively. The pump is used to suck the sampled oil from the sampling probe into the sample storage dish and to pump the nitrogen in the nitrogen bottle into the pipeline to seal, clean and cool the pipeline. The motor is arranged on the support and connected to the pipeline, and is used to drive the sampling probe to rotate to the sampling position. The support is located on one side of the oil pan, and the support can drive the motor to move up and down.

[0020] In a further embodiment, the heat flow meter and the thermocouple are both installed through a heat-resistant housing.

[0021] In a further embodiment, at least one of the plurality of heat flow meters is disposed above the heat flow meter at the bottom, and is used to measure the difference in thermal radiation intensity at two locations when the crude oil is burning.

[0022] In a further solution, the mounting frame is made of heat-resistant material, the side is used to install the thermocouple, a wire groove is provided in the middle, a wire hole is provided at the bottom of the oil pan, the wire groove corresponds to the wire hole, and the mounting frame is sealed and connected to the wire hole.

[0023] In a further solution, a drain valve is connected to the bottom of the oil pan.

[0024] In a further embodiment, a stirring component and a crude oil heating component are also included. The stirring component is used to stir the crude oil in the oil pan, and the heating component is used to heat the crude oil in the oil pan.

[0025] In a further solution, a plurality of off-disk heat flux meters are arranged outside the oil pan, and the off-disk heat flux meters are supported by a support frame.

[0026] In a further solution, liquid and solid fire extinguishing material delivery components are also included, wherein the liquid material delivery component is used to spray liquid fire extinguishing material into the oil pan, and the solid fire extinguishing material delivery component is used to deliver solid fire extinguishing material into the oil pan.

[0027] Based on the above invention concept, the present invention also proposes a crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test method, including obtaining the heat conduction intensity data inside and outside the oil pan, the flame height image data, the splash area contour image data, the combustion area contour image data, and the heat radiation area contour image data;

[0028] The sampling assembly is used to sample and analyze the changes in crude oil composition in the hot zone, and a model of the changes in crude oil composition and crude oil combustion and boiling intensity over time is established.

[0029] In a further embodiment, the method further includes adding different amounts of fire extinguishing agent to each intensity area in the oil pan according to the above model during the combustion process, and obtaining a model of the effect of the fire extinguishing agent on the crude oil composition and the change of the crude oil combustion boiling intensity over time during the crude oil combustion process according to the time node and amount of the fire extinguishing agent added.

[0030] In a further solution, a model of the change of crude oil composition and crude oil combustion boiling intensity over time for different crude oil types and different oil pan volumes is obtained, and a model library is established.

[0031] In a further embodiment, the method for obtaining different oil pan volumes includes raising and lowering a top cover of the oil pan by a lifting assembly.

[0032] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0033] (1) The present invention simulates the scenarios of oil combustion, boiling and splashing through experiments, explores their formation mechanism and occurrence conditions, can obtain comprehensive data through sampling components and measurement components, and can transmit the data to a computer after analysis to build a boiling time and intensity model. It can play a vital role in emergency rescue when a tank fire occurs, and has a guiding role in the control of the formation of dangerous areas and the implementation of measures, such as the precise positioning of the scope of fire extinguishing agent delivery, the safe placement distance of fire extinguishing equipment, and the demarcation of dangerous areas.

[0034] (2) The present application provides a hot zone detection method, which collects data through two detection instruments, and combines the temperature change measured by the thermocouple tree and the heat flux transfer measured by the bottom heat flow meter to jointly determine the time when the hot zone inside the oil product is formed and the time when boiling occurs. The data provided by the above measurements can also provide an experimental basis for building a model of the time when boiling occurs.

[0035] (3) The present application provides a sampling assembly for a combustion process. The sampling assembly is used to sample oil products in a hot zone during the combustion process. The sampling position is adjusted by driving a motor. The sampling assembly also includes a temperature control device. The temperature control device is used to maintain a certain temperature in the pipeline. Nitrogen is passed through the pipeline to ensure cleanliness. Chromatography-mass spectrometry technology can be used to analyze the components and their proportions in the sample. The analysis results are used to explain the change law of the non-azeotropic oil components in the burning oil.

[0036] (4) The present application installs a drain valve, the function of which is to facilitate the rapid cleaning of the experimental body for multiple experiments. The drain valve is made of heat-resistant material to ensure that it will not be destroyed, damaged or deformed due to high temperature during the experiment.

[0037] (5) The present application provides a lifting assembly that does not require frequent replacement of the oil pan for simulation during the experiment.

[0038] (6) This application can determine the fire extinguishing efficiency and fire extinguishing performance of the fire protection product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a thermocouple tree composed of thermocouples in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 is a connection diagram of a lifting assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the connection of the oil pan top cover in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the composition of the sampling assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the photographic assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a heat flow meter wrapped in a heat-resistant glass dish in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the liquid fire extinguishing material delivery assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the solid fire extinguishing material delivery assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.10 is a flow chart of an experimental method in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] In the figure: 110, caster; 120, experimental platform; 130, oil pan; 140, lifting assembly; 1411, slider; 1412, driving rod; 1413, handle; 1414, gear; 1421, hinge mounting hole; 1422, oil pan top cover; 1423, hinge; 210, thermocouple; 211, thermocouple tree; 212, thermocouple; 213, mounting frame; 220, heat flux meter; 221, upper heat flux meter; 222, heat-resistant glass dish; 30, drain valve; 40, heat-resistant protective cover; 50, mixer; 60, photographic assembly; 601, heat flux meter outside the dish; 60 2. Photographic instrument; 603. Infrared photographic instrument; 70. Computer; 80. Sampler; 801. Sampling probe; 802. Sample storage dish; 803. Motor; 804. Controller; 805. Nitrogen cylinder; 806. Support device; 807. Pump; 910. Liquid fire extinguishing material delivery assembly; 911. Storage device; 912. Storage device; 913. Air pump; 914. Heat-resistant delivery pipeline; 915. Nozzle; 920. Solid fire extinguishing material delivery assembly; 921. Solid fire extinguishing material delivery assembly; 922. Movable baffle; 923. Channel; 924. Support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, a crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device includes a test bench 120, an oil pan 130, a sampling assembly 80 and a measuring assembly 210. The oil pan 130 is connected to the test bench 120. The measuring assembly 210 includes a plurality of heat flow meters 220, a thermocouple 212, a camera 602 and an infrared camera 603. The plurality of heat flow meters 220 are respectively arranged at the bottom, the middle and the outside of the oil pan 130 to measure and obtain the heat conduction intensity data inside and outside the oil pan 130 when the crude oil is burning. The coupler 212 is connected to the oil pan 130 via the mounting bracket 213, and is used to measure and obtain the temperature at the center line of the oil pan 130, the formation position of the hot zone (high thermal radiation danger zone) and the temperature data in the hot zone. The camera 602 is used to obtain the flame height, the splashing area contour and the combustion area contour image data that change with time. The infrared camera 603 is used to obtain the thermal radiation area contour image data. The sampling component 80 is connected to one side of the oil pan 130, and is used for sampling and detecting non-azeotropic oil products in the hot zone of the oil pan 130.

[0053] Its working principle is that when crude oil is burning, it will slowly boil over. When the heat wave propagates in the oil, the emulsified water or free water evaporates, forming a large number of oil bubbles, and finally overflows. Splashing is mainly the phenomenon that the heat wave descends to the water cushion layer, causing a large amount of water in it to evaporate, the vapor pressure rises rapidly, and the upper oil is thrown out of the tank. After the oil boils over and splashes, the water will be vaporized under the action of the heat wave and splash around with the flaming oil droplets, expanding the scope of the accident and threatening the safety of life and property. Therefore, by simulating the scenes of oil combustion, boiling over and splashing, exploring its formation mechanism and occurrence conditions, it is possible to build a boiling over occurrence time and intensity model, which can play a vital role in disaster relief when a tank fire occurs, and has a guiding role in the control of the formation of dangerous areas and the implementation of measures, such as the precise positioning of the scope of fire extinguishing agent delivery, the safe placement distance of fire extinguishing equipment, and the demarcation of dangerous areas.

[0054] The number of thermocouples 212 and the positions where they are installed in the oil pan 130 can be arranged according to the volume of the oil pan 130 and the law of heat conduction. For example, in an experiment without a top cover, the thermocouples are arranged higher than the oil pan, and the height should be greater than the flame height. Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of thermocouples 212 installed by a mounting frame 213 form a thermocouple tree 211, which is installed at three locations in the oil pan to measure the temperature at the overflow centerline, the temperature at the side of the tank wall, and the temperature at any spatial straight line at the circumference of a circle with the center of the oil pan as the origin and a radius of half the distance from the center of the pan to the tank wall. For example, in an experiment with a top cover, the height of the thermocouples 212 arranged in the oil pan 130 is less than the height of the top cover, and they are distributed as evenly as possible in the oil pan. They can also be placed according to the rules of thermal imaging and the rules of thermal imaging areas, that is, thermocouples are placed in different color areas. Similarly, in addition to being installed at the bottom of the oil pan, the heat flux meter 220 can also be installed outside the oil pan in a thermal imaging area arrangement, and reasonably arranged in different brightness areas to monitor the thermal conduction intensity data. The arrangement position, method, and crude oil type classification are all commonly used methods in this field and are not described one by one.

[0055] According to the above working principle, some preferred implementation methods or structures are provided. The oil pan 130 is provided with an oil pan cover 1422 for simulating a tank top, such as Figure 4As shown, the oil pan top cover 1422 is connected to a slider 1411 that can be raised and lowered along the side wall of the oil pan 130 through a hinge mounting hole 1421 of a hinge 1423. The slider 1411 is connected to a driving gear rod 1412, and the driving gear rod 1412 is driven by a rotating gear 1414. The gear 1414 is connected to a rotating handle 1413, and the rotating handle 1413 is used to drive the gear 1414 to rotate. The rotating handle 1413 can be connected to the experimental table 120, and can also be fixed outside the oil pan 130 through a frame. At this time, the arrangement positions of the thermocouple 212 and the heat flux meter 220 are adjusted accordingly, and the oil pan 130 is selected to be made of heat-resistant transparent glass so that the camera 602 can record imaging data. The lifting device is used to simulate the destructive effect on the top of the cover when burning crude oil under different oil pan volumes, and a model of crude oil composition and crude oil combustion boiling intensity changing with time is established. The model can be used to predict or determine the impact of the tank volume and crude oil quantity on combustion, and decide whether to adopt crude oil discharge measures.

[0056] Among them, Figure 5 As shown, the sampling assembly 80 may include a sampling probe 801, a sample storage dish 802, a motor 803, a controller 804, a nitrogen bottle 805, a support 806 and a pump 807. The sampling probe 801 is used to sample oil products from the internal non-boiling area where the heat radiation is conducted after the crude oil in the hot zone is burned. The sample storage dish 802 is used to store the sampled oil products. The sampling probe 801 is connected to the pump 807 and the sample storage dish 802 through a pipeline and a valve respectively. The pump 807 is used to suck the sampled oil products from the sampling probe 801 into the sample storage dish 802 and to pump the nitrogen in the nitrogen bottle 805 into the pipeline to seal, clean and cool the pipeline. The motor 803 is arranged on the support 806 and connected to the pipeline, and is used to drive the sampling probe 801 to rotate to the sampling position. The support 806 is located on one side of the oil pan 130, and the support 806 can drive the motor 803 to move up and down. The controller is composed of a temperature controller and an AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer. The support member 806 can select a linear motion mechanism. The structure of this linear motion mechanism can be various, such as a gear rack linear motion mechanism, a screw slider linear motion mechanism, etc., which are commonly used technical means in this field and are not described one by one. Figure 5 The figure shown is a schematic diagram. Specific pipelines, motors and other parts can be reasonably selected according to the rotation range.

[0057] The sampling probe 801, under the action of the pump 807, absorbs the crude oil in the hot zone into the sample storage dish 802. There may be multiple sample storage dishes 802. Through valve control, after each sampling, the sampling liquid can enter a sample storage dish 802, so as to analyze the crude oil samples in different hot zones. Meanwhile, during the storage process, nitrogen is pumped into the pipeline through the action of the valve to cool and clean the pipeline, and the sample in the pipeline is sealed to improve the storage safety. The valve connection method is conventional and will not be described here one by one.

[0058] Those skilled in the art should be able to think that, equivalent to the existing commonly used heat flux meter 220 and thermocouple 212, since they will be subjected to high temperature, a heat-resistant protective sleeve 40 is used to reasonably protect their output ends so that data can be transmitted to the computer 70 or processor through a line. Therefore, it is commonly thought of to add a heat-resistant shell to its output end, and then use the heat-resistant shell to fix the fuselage. The material of the heat-resistant shell can be heat-resistant glass, and its shape can be reasonably selected according to the installation position and the installed heat flux meter and thermocouple model. It is a common technical means in this field and will not be described one by one. In addition, when multiple thermocouples 212 need to be installed in the oil pan 130, they need to be installed through the mounting frame 213. The mounting frame 213 is made of heat-resistant material, the side is used to install thermocouples, and a threading groove is provided in the middle. A threading hole is provided at the bottom of the oil pan 130, and the threading groove corresponds to the threading hole, and the mounting frame 213 is sealed and connected to the threading hole.

[0059] The bottom of the oil pan 130 is connected with a drain valve 30. It is used to simulate boiling or burning in the discharge state, or to clean the oil pan after burning. The drain valve 30 is preferably a high temperature resistant automatic control valve.

[0060] In order to study the propagation of heat waves in crude oil, some heat flow meters should be installed above the bottom heat flow meter to obtain the heat conduction intensity data, such as Figure 7 As shown, the heat flux meter 220 at the bottom of the oil pan is placed in a heat-resistant glass dish 222. The heat-resistant glass can protect the heat flux meter from contacting the experimental raw materials and has little effect on the data to be measured. The bottom heat flux meter 220 jointly measures and analyzes the upper heat flux meter 221 that penetrates the thermal radiation. The upper heat flux meter 221 is also clamped on a heat-resistant glass dish 222. The height at which the heat flux meter 221 is placed depends on the thickness of the fuel layer and the water cushion layer selected for this experiment.

[0061] At the same time, the outer area of ​​the oil pan 130 will also conduct a large amount of heat to the outside of the oil pan due to heat radiation during combustion, so it is also necessary to arrange some evenly distributed heat flux meters 220 to obtain the intensity data of flame extension and boiling effect, so as to facilitate the simulation and establishment of the safe area. Figure 6As shown, the heat flux meter 601 outside the pan, the camera 602, and the infrared camera 603 are supported outside the oil pan by their respective support frames. The function of the heat flux meter 601 outside the pan is to record the radiation changes of the flame to the surrounding area. The principle of placing the heat flux meter 601 depends on the diameter of the oil pan. It can be placed in a circular array at a distance of five times the diameter of the oil pan from the center of the pan. The specific placement position depends on the actual scene and the site wiring conditions. In principle, there should be no obstructions.

[0062] Based on the model, we can accurately determine the state of combustion, the time period of combustion, the intensity of combustion in the combustion area, and the range of each hot zone. We can then accurately choose to add a certain amount of solid fire extinguishing agent or liquid spray fire extinguishing agent to each hot zone at the appropriate time period to prevent combustion, boiling or splashing. By observing the fire extinguishing effect, we can also test the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0063] During the experiment, Fig. 9 As shown, the input of solid fire extinguishing agent and liquid fire extinguishing agent can be achieved through solid and liquid fire extinguishing material conveying components respectively. The solid fire extinguishing material conveying component 920 can be composed of a solid fire extinguishing agent storage device 921, and the solid fire extinguishing agent storage device 921 can be conveyed to the combustion area through a track 923, a support frame 924 and a baffle 922. Figure 8 As shown, the liquid fire extinguishing material delivery assembly 910 may have liquid fire extinguishing agent storage devices 911 and 912, and then the entire delivery device is powered by an air pump 913, and the liquid fire extinguishing material is delivered to the nozzle 915 through a heat-resistant delivery pipe 914 for spraying and extinguishing the fire. The solid and liquid fire extinguishing material delivery assemblies can use existing commonly used delivery structures, which will not be described in detail.

[0064] The data transmission heat-resistant protection structure 40 during data output is composed of asbestos wrapped with heat-insulating material, and its purpose is to protect data transmission. The data transmission heat-resistant protection structure 40 protects all data transmission lines within the safety range, not just Figure 1 This paragraph is shown in . Figure 1 The stirring assembly 50 is used to facilitate the ignition of the oil and facilitate the experiment. The photographic assembly 60 includes a camera 602 and an infrared camera 603, which can be multiple and evenly arranged around the oil pan 130. The data processor 70, such as a computer, is placed at a distance from the experimental body, not vertically at the bottom of the experimental body. The sampling assembly 80 is used to sample the oil in the hot zone and analyze the change law of the non-azeotropic oil components in the burning oil.

[0065] The experimental table 120, the oil pan 130 and the lifting assembly 140 can all be made of high-strength fire-resistant steel materials to ensure that the strength of the selected materials is sufficient to support the entire experimental device. The stirring assembly 50 and the crude oil heating assembly are placed independently and are only used when the experiment is needed. They are not connected to the oil pan. At the same time, the sampling assembly 80 is also placed independently and does not need to be connected to the experimental body. It is worth pointing out that the working area of ​​the sampling assembly is located in the combustion area, and its heat resistance needs to be fully considered.

[0066] according to Figure 1 In the case shown, the liquid and solid fire extinguishing material delivery components are also placed independently and may not be connected to the experimental body. The placement of the components depends on the spray intensity and delivery intensity required by the experimental site and the fire protection product, which are not specified here. The experimental table 120 can also be installed with casters 110 to facilitate its movement.

[0067] According to research, a tank simulation test device with a diameter of ≥1m can effectively reduce the scale effect. At the same time, in order to more effectively measure and understand the inhibitory effect and efficiency of a certain type of fire protection product on crude oil combustion, and better test the fire protection product and put it into production, an oil pan with a diameter of ≥1m is preferred in the experiment.

[0068] See also Fig.10 , an experimental method is shown, the method comprising:

[0069] S1: Fix the crude oil tank combustion and boiling simulation test device, select the required crude oil products, plan the required usage, and slowly pour it into the experimental oil pan.

[0070] S2: Start the heat flow meter, thermocouple, camera, and infrared camera and perform debugging and measurement in advance to observe whether the data meets expectations.

[0071] S3: Place a stirring component such as a stirrer into the oil pan to prepare for stirring. After stirring, place a heating component such as a heating rod in the oil pan to preheat the mixture to facilitate ignition. At the same time, evacuate surrounding personnel to keep them out of danger.

[0072] S4: Use an n-heptane igniter for ignition, turn off the igniter after obvious fire appears, and start sampling after waiting for the flame to stabilize and reach the maximum height.

[0073] S5: Pay attention to data transmission, record the time when the hot zone is formed and the time when boiling occurs, and wait for the combustion to end.

[0074] S6: Stand still and wait for the combustion to be completely completed. After the combustion is completely completed, drain the waste through the drain valve and collect the combustion products for analysis. After the collection is complete, clean them through the drain valve for easy use in the next experiment.

[0075] It should be noted that in the present application, the orientation or position relationship indicated by terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", and "longitudinal" are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0076] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0077] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device, comprising a test bench (120), an oil pan (130), a sampling assembly (80) and a measuring assembly (210), wherein the oil pan (130) is connected to the test bench (120). It is characterized in that The measuring assembly (210) comprises a plurality of heat flow meters (220), a thermocouple (212), a camera (602) and an infrared camera (603). The plurality of heat flow meters (220) are respectively arranged at the bottom, the middle and the outside of the oil pan (130) and are used to measure and obtain data on the heat conduction intensity inside and outside the oil pan (130) when the crude oil is burning. The thermocouple (212) is connected to the oil pan (130) via a mounting frame (213) and is used to measure and obtain data on the temperature at the center line of the oil pan (130), the position of the hot zone formation and the temperature inside the hot zone. The camera (602) is used to obtain image data on the flame height, the splashing area contour and the combustion area contour that vary with time. The infrared camera (603) is used to obtain image data on the thermal radiation area contour. The sampling assembly (80) is connected to one side of the oil pan (130) and is used to sample and detect non-azeotropic oil products in the hot zone inside the oil pan (130).

2. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The oil pan (130) is provided with a top cover for simulating a tank top, and the top cover is connected to a slider (1411) via a hinge and can be raised and lowered along the side wall of the oil pan (130), and the slider (1411) is connected to a driving gear rod (1412), and the driving gear rod (1412) is driven by a rotating gear (1414), and the gear (1414) is connected to a rotating handle (1413), and the rotating handle (1413) is used to drive the gear (1414) to rotate.

3. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The sampling assembly (80) comprises a sampling probe (801), a sample storage dish (802), a motor (803), a controller (804), a nitrogen bottle (805), a support (806) and a pump (807). The sampling probe (801) is used to sample oil products from the internal non-boiling area where the heat radiation is conducted after the crude oil in the hot zone is burned. The sample storage dish (802) is used to store the sampled oil products. The sampling probe (801) is connected to the pump (807) and the sample storage dish (802) through a pipeline and a valve. The pump (807) is used to suck the sampled oil from the sampling probe (801) into the sample storage dish (802) and to pump the nitrogen in the nitrogen bottle (805) into the pipeline to seal, clean and cool the pipeline. The motor (803) is arranged on the support (806) and connected to the pipeline, and is used to drive the sampling probe (801) to rotate to the sampling position. The support (806) is located on one side of the oil pan (130), and the support (806) can drive the motor (803) to move up and down.

4. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The heat flow meter (220) and the thermocouple (212) are both installed through a heat-resistant housing.

5. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that At least one of the plurality of heat flow meters is arranged above the heat flow meter at the bottom, and is used to measure the difference in thermal radiation intensity at two locations when crude oil is burned.

6. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The mounting frame (213) is made of heat-resistant material, the side of which is used to mount a thermocouple, and a wire threading groove is provided in the middle. A wire threading hole is provided at the bottom of the oil pan (130), the wire threading groove corresponds to the wire threading hole, and the mounting frame (213) is sealed and connected to the wire threading hole.

7. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The bottom of the oil pan (130) is connected to a drain valve (30).

8. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that It also includes a stirring component (50) and a crude oil heating component. The stirring component (50) is used to stir the crude oil in the oil pan (130), and the heating component is used to heat the crude oil in the oil pan.

9. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A plurality of off-disk heat flux meters (601) are arranged outside the oil pan (130), and the off-disk heat flux meters (601) are supported by a support frame.

10. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, It is characterized in that It also includes liquid and solid fire extinguishing material delivery components, wherein the liquid material delivery component is used to spray the liquid fire extinguishing material into the oil pan, and the solid fire extinguishing material delivery component is used to deliver the solid fire extinguishing material into the oil pan.

11. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test method, It is characterized in that Acquiring heat conduction intensity data inside and outside the oil pan (130), flame height image data, splash area contour image data, combustion area contour image data, and heat radiation area contour image data; The sampling assembly (80) is used to sample and analyze the crude oil composition changes in the hot zone, and a model of the crude oil composition and the crude oil combustion and boiling intensity changing with time is established.

12. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test method according to claim 11, It is characterized in that The method also includes adding different amounts of fire extinguishing agent to each intensity area in the oil pan according to the above model during the combustion process, and obtaining a model of how the fire extinguishing agent affects the crude oil composition and the change in the boiling intensity of the crude oil combustion over time during the crude oil combustion process according to the time node and amount of the fire extinguishing agent added.

13. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test method according to claim 11, It is characterized in that Obtain models of crude oil composition and crude oil combustion and boiling intensity changing with time for different crude oil types and different oil pan volumes, and establish a model library.

14. A crude oil storage tank combustion boiling simulation test method according to claim 13, It is characterized in that The method for obtaining different oil pan volumes includes raising and lowering an oil pan top cover (1422) via a lifting assembly (140).

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