Spatial distributed condensation type energy system

Abstract

The invention relates to a spatially distributed condensation type energy system which comprises a power generation unit, an energy storage unit, a power management unit and a space intelligent sun tracking mechanism. The power generation unit can convert solar energy into electric energy by combining a concentrating solar energy technology; the energy storage unit can store electric energy; the power generation unit is connected with the power management unit; the power supply management unit is connected with the energy storage unit and manages the electric energy output by the power generation unit to be stored in the energy storage unit in a cooperative manner; the power supply management unit is also in power supply connection with the space intelligent sun tracking mechanism and the external load system; wherein the power generation unit comprises a plurality of groups of power generation modules and a bracket structure; and the plurality of groups of power generation modules are arranged on the bracket structure and are connected with the power management unit. The energy system provided by the invention can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell and reduce the cost of equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of space energy, and particularly relates to a space distributed concentrating energy system. Background Art

[0002] In today's aerospace field, the space energy system is a key support for the normal operation of spacecraft. Among them, rigid solar wings and flexible solar wings are two of the most common space energy acquisition devices, which play important roles in different space missions. Rigid solar wings usually use high-strength materials such as aluminum plates and carbon fibers as substrates, and solar cells are firmly installed on these rigid substrates. The main feature of flexible solar wings is their good flexibility and foldability. It uses thin and light flexible substrate materials, such as fiberglass plates and polyimide films, and solar cells are integrated on this flexible substrate. Whether it is rigid or flexible solar cells, most of them use triple-junction gallium arsenide solar cells. With the large-scale application of high-power communication satellites and computing satellites, the demand for large-area solar wings has increased sharply. The price of triple-junction gallium arsenide solar cells per unit area is expensive, which severely restricts their large-scale application.

[0003] Traditional solar wings all use non-concentrating solar cells, and their main disadvantages are relatively low photoelectric conversion efficiency and high price, which severely restricts their large-scale application. Taking the most maturely applied gallium arsenide solar cells as an example, the conversion efficiency of traditional triple-junction gallium arsenide cells is about 30%, while the efficiency of concentrating solar cells can reach 31% - 41% through multi-junction structures and concentrating technologies, and the theoretical limit is even higher. The price of traditional triple-junction gallium arsenide cells is 150,000 - 300,000 yuan per square meter. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (I) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0005] In view of the existing technical problems, the present invention provides a space distributed concentrating energy system.

[0006] (II) Technical Solutions

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0008] A space distributed concentrating energy system, comprising: a power generation unit, an energy storage unit, a power management unit, and a space intelligent solar tracking mechanism.

[0009] The power generation unit can convert solar energy into electrical energy by combining concentrating solar energy technology;

[0010] The energy storage unit can store electrical energy;

[0011] The power generation unit is connected to the power management unit;

[0012] The power management unit is connected to the energy storage unit and manages the collaborative storage of the electric energy output by the power generation unit into the energy storage unit.

[0013] The power management unit is also connected to the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism and the external load system for power supply;

[0014] Among them, the power generation unit includes: multiple groups of power generation modules and a support structure;

[0015] Multiple groups of the power generation modules are arranged on the support structure and are connected to the power management unit;

[0016] The support structure is arranged on the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism and can, under the control of the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism, align the multiple groups of the power generation modules with sunlight in real time for high-efficiency power generation.

[0017] Preferably, the power management unit dynamically adjusts the maximized total energy output of each power generation module, and the model function is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] E total represents the total energy output of the system, n is the number of power generation modules, E i is the energy output of the i-th module, P i represents the set of operating parameters of the i-th module, t represents time, and W is external factors such as space conditions.

[0020] Preferably, the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism includes: a support mechanism, a sensor assembly, a driving mechanism, a control mechanism, and a thermal control mechanism;

[0021] The sensor assembly, the driving mechanism, the control mechanism, and the thermal control mechanism are all arranged on the support mechanism;

[0022] The control mechanism is respectively connected to the sensor assembly, the driving mechanism, and the thermal control mechanism;

[0023] The sensor assembly can accurately measure the angle of the sun relative to the power generation unit;

[0024] The driving mechanism can adjust the angle of the power generation unit according to the instructions of the control mechanism;

[0025] The thermal control mechanism can maintain each component in the system within an appropriate operating temperature range in space.

[0026] Preferably, the power generation module includes: a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a receiver, and a secondary mirror support;

[0027] The primary mirror is disposed on the support structure;

[0028] The secondary mirror support is disposed on the support structure or on the frame of the primary mirror;

[0029] The secondary mirror is disposed on the secondary mirror support;

[0030] The receiver is disposed at the bottom of the primary mirror;

[0031] The primary mirror can reflect and converge sunlight for the first time, and its shape is a parabolic spherical surface or a near-parabolic spherical surface;

[0032] The secondary mirror can reflect the sunlight converged by the primary mirror for the second time and focus it on the receiver;

[0033] The receiver can convert the solar energy of the sunlight converged by the primary mirror and the secondary mirror in sequence into electric energy;

[0034] The receiver is connected to the power management unit and can store the converted electric energy into the energy storage unit under the control of the power management unit.

[0035] Preferably, the power generation module further includes: a light guiding structure;

[0036] The light guiding structure is disposed on the receiver;

[0037] The light guiding structure is in the shape of a light funnel and can make the incident light converged by the secondary mirror reach the receiver entirely through multiple reflections.

[0038] Preferably, the structure and material of the primary mirror have excellent planar heat conduction ability;

[0039] The optical characteristics of the sunny side surface of the primary mirror are high solar light reflectivity and high infrared emissivity, and the optical characteristics of the shady side surface are high infrared emissivity.

[0040] Preferably, the receiver is any one of a concentrating solar cell, a photovoltaic, and a solar thermal power generation device.

[0041] Preferably, the power generation unit has an ultraviolet protection film that can be replaced in orbit;

[0042] The ultraviolet protection film can prevent ultraviolet rays from penetrating through reflection, scattering, and absorption, and at the same time has a high transmittance for sunlight in the visible and infrared bands.

[0043] Preferably, the type of the energy storage unit includes any one of a solid-state battery, a lithium battery, and a super capacitor.

[0044] Preferably, the primary mirrors of multiple groups of the power generation modules can be arranged in an array and combined into an integrally formed structure;

[0045] The support structure is a frame structure;

[0046] The integrally formed structure is arranged on the frame structure.

[0047] (III) Advantageous Effects

[0048] The advantageous effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0049] The space-distributed concentrating energy system integrating power generation concentrating solar technology provided in this application has shown significant advantages and effects in improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency, reducing the usage of solar cells, and the launch cost. First of all, by using optical elements to concentrate sunlight and then generate electricity, the utilization efficiency of solar energy per unit area is greatly improved. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of traditional triple-junction gallium arsenide cells is about 30%, and through concentrating technology, the light intensity can be significantly increased, thus improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency. This means that for the same power generation requirement, the cell area required for using concentrating solar technology is smaller, thereby reducing the usage of high-cost triple-junction gallium arsenide materials.

[0050] Secondly, reducing the area of the solar wing not only reduces the total usage of cells but also effectively reduces the overall weight of the satellite, which is crucial for reducing the launch cost of spacecraft. Since the launch cost is directly related to the mass of the spacecraft, any reduction in weight will bring significant cost savings. In addition, the lightweight design also helps to improve the payload capacity of the satellite, enabling more resources to be allocated to other key systems or mission equipment.

[0051] Furthermore, the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism in the space-distributed concentrating energy system ensures that the power generation modules can be aligned with sunlight in real time, maximizing the capture of solar energy. This precise tracking ability is particularly crucial for maintaining high-efficiency output, especially in tasks such as geostationary orbits that require long-term stable power supply.

[0052] Finally, the system integrates an energy storage unit and a power management unit, which can effectively store electrical energy and rationally allocate power resources. This not only ensures the continuous operation of the satellite under different lighting conditions but also improves the reliability and stability of the entire system. In short, the space-distributed energy system integrating power generation concentrating solar technology represents an innovative and efficient solution, providing strong support for the development of high-power communication satellites and computing satellites.

[0053] In summary, the solution of this application can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of triple-junction gallium arsenide solar cells and reduce the cost of equipment. Description of the Drawings

[0054] Figure 1 Schematic structural diagram of a spatially distributed concentrating energy system provided by the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 Schematic structural diagram of a power generation unit of a spatially distributed concentrating energy system provided by the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 Schematic structural diagram of a power generation module of a spatially distributed concentrating energy system provided by the present invention.

[0057]

Explanation of reference numerals

[0058] 1: Bracket structure; 2: Primary mirror; 3: Secondary mirror; 4: Secondary mirror bracket; 5: Receiver; 6: Light guiding structure. Detailed implementation manners

[0059] In order to better explain the present invention for easy understanding, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings through specific implementation manners.

[0060] As Figures 1-3 shown: In this embodiment, a spatially distributed concentrating energy system is disclosed, including: a power generation unit, an energy storage unit, a power management unit, and a space intelligent solar tracking mechanism.

[0061] The power generation unit can convert solar energy into electric energy by combining concentrating solar energy technology; the energy storage unit can store electric energy; the power generation unit is connected to the power management unit; the power management unit is connected to the energy storage unit and manages the electric energy output by the power generation unit to be stored in the energy storage unit in cooperation.

[0062] Specifically, the power management unit is also connected to the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism and supplies power to an external load system; wherein, the power generation unit includes: multiple groups of power generation modules and a bracket structure 1. Multiple groups of the power generation modules are arranged on the bracket structure 1 and are connected to the power management unit; the bracket structure 1 is arranged on the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism and can, under the control of the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism, make the multiple groups of the power generation modules align with sunlight in real time for high-efficiency power generation.

[0063] The space-distributed concentrating energy system combined with power generation concentrating solar technology has demonstrated significant advantages and effects in improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency, reducing the usage of solar cells, and lowering the launch cost. First of all, this system uses optical elements to concentrate sunlight before generating electricity, greatly enhancing the utilization efficiency of solar energy per unit area. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of traditional triple-junction gallium arsenide cells is approximately 30%, while concentrating technology can significantly increase the light intensity, thereby improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency. This means that under the same power generation demand, the battery area required for using concentrating solar technology is smaller, thus reducing the usage of high-cost triple-junction gallium arsenide materials.

[0064] Secondly, reducing the area of the solar wing not only decreases the total usage of batteries but also effectively reduces the overall weight of the satellite, which is crucial for reducing the launch cost of spacecraft. Since the launch cost is directly related to the mass of the spacecraft, any reduction in weight will result in significant cost savings. In addition, the lightweight design also helps to improve the payload capacity of the satellite, enabling more resources to be allocated to other key systems or mission equipment.

[0065] Furthermore, the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism in the space-distributed concentrating energy system ensures that the power generation module can be aligned with sunlight in real time, maximizing the capture of solar energy. This precise tracking ability is particularly crucial for maintaining high-efficiency output, especially in missions such as geostationary orbits that require long-term stable power supply.

[0066] Finally, this system integrates an energy storage unit and a power management unit, which can effectively store electrical energy and rationally allocate power resources. This not only ensures the continuous operation of the satellite under different lighting conditions but also improves the reliability and stability of the entire system. In summary, the space-distributed energy system combined with power generation concentrating solar technology represents an innovative and efficient solution, providing strong support for the development of high-power communication satellites and computing satellites.

[0067] It should be noted that the power management unit dynamically adjusts the maximum total energy output of each power generation module, and the model function is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] E total represents the total energy output of the system, n is the number of power generation modules, E i is the energy output of the i-th module, P i represents the set of operating parameters of the i-th module, t represents time, and W are external factors such as space conditions.

[0070] The power management unit adopting the above model has the following advantages:

[0071] Dynamic optimization scheduling: By continuously monitoring environmental conditions and system load requirements, dynamically adjust the operating states of each power generation module to ensure that each module always operates at the optimal efficiency point.

[0072] Multi-module collaborative operation: Avoid overloading or inefficient operation of a single module, and maximize the overall energy output of the system.

[0073] Improve power generation efficiency: Compared with the independent operation of a single module, the overall power generation efficiency can be increased by 10%-30% (the specific value depends on the number of modules and coordination ability).

[0074] Reduce energy waste: Reasonably allocate excess energy through energy storage units to avoid energy losses caused by over-generation.

[0075] The space intelligent solar tracking mechanism described in this embodiment includes: a support mechanism, a sensor assembly, a drive mechanism, a control mechanism, and a thermal control mechanism.

[0076] The sensor assembly, the drive mechanism, the control mechanism, and the thermal control mechanism are all arranged on the support mechanism; the control mechanism is respectively connected to the sensor assembly, the drive mechanism, and the thermal control mechanism. The sensor assembly can accurately measure the angle of the sun relative to the power generation unit; the drive mechanism can adjust the angle of the power generation unit according to the instructions of the control mechanism; the thermal control mechanism can maintain each component in the system within an appropriate operating temperature range in space.

[0077] The control strategy of the power supply control unit provided in this embodiment for the external load system is as follows:

[0078] 1. Prediction and scheduling, Predict load demand: Predict the load demand for a period of time in the future through historical data and machine learning algorithms. Dynamic scheduling: According to the prediction results and the current power generation capacity, dynamically adjust the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device and the power grid interaction power of the space device.

[0079] 2. Priority management, Ensure critical loads: Always give priority to meeting the critical load demand, even if it is necessary to cut non-critical loads. Adjust non-critical loads: When the power is insufficient, gradually reduce the power of non-critical loads until the supply and demand are balanced.

[0080] The space intelligent solar tracking mechanism in this embodiment plays a crucial role in the space distributed concentrating energy system, bringing various advantages and functions to space applications:

[0081] Improve energy collection efficiency: The space-based intelligent solar tracking mechanism can accurately adjust the angle of the solar panel in real time to ensure that it is always facing the sun. This precise tracking capability can maximize the efficiency of solar energy collection, which is especially important when using concentrated solar energy technology, because any angle deviation may greatly reduce the concentration effect.

[0082] Adapting to complex space environments: In space, satellites experience different lighting conditions and orbital position changes. The intelligent sun tracking mechanism can quickly adapt to these changes through its high-precision sensor components and responsive drive mechanism, ensuring efficient operation even at the edge of the Earth's shadow or in low sunlight conditions.

[0083] Reduced cell area and weight: Due to more efficient energy collection, the total area of ​​solar cells required is reduced. This not only reduces costs, but also reduces the overall weight of the spacecraft, which is critical to saving launch costs. In addition, lighter weight can also free up more payload capacity for other mission needs.

[0084] Enhanced system stability and reliability: The intelligent tracking mechanism is equipped with an advanced control system that processes data from sensors and makes corresponding adjustments to maintain the best light reception angle. At the same time, combined with energy storage units, it can provide continuous power supply in the absence of sunlight, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire energy system.

[0085] Optimize power management: By working closely with the power management unit, the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism helps optimize the generation, storage and distribution of electrical energy. For example, when there is sufficient sunlight, the energy storage unit is charged first; when there is insufficient sunlight, the stored energy is fully utilized to ensure the continuous operation of the system.

[0086] The power generation module in this embodiment includes: a primary mirror 2, a secondary mirror 3, a receiver 5 and a secondary mirror bracket 4. The primary mirror 2 is arranged on the bracket structure 1; the secondary mirror bracket 4 is arranged on the bracket structure 1 or on the frame of the primary mirror 2; the secondary mirror 3 is arranged on the secondary mirror bracket 4; and the receiver 5 is arranged at the bottom of the primary mirror 2. The primary mirror 2 can reflect and converge the sunlight for the first time, and its shape is a parabola or a near-parabola; the secondary mirror 3 can reflect the sunlight converged by the primary mirror 2 for the second time and focus it on the receiver 5; the receiver 5 can convert the sunlight energy converged by the primary mirror 2 and the secondary mirror 3 in turn into electrical energy; the receiver 5 is connected to the power management unit, and can store the converted electrical energy in the energy storage unit under the control of the power management unit.

[0087] It should be noted that: the power generation module further includes: a light guiding structure 6; the light guiding structure 6 is disposed on the receiver 5; the light guiding structure 6 is in the shape of a light funnel, and can reflect the incident light converged by the secondary mirror 3 multiple times so that all of them finally reach the receiver 5.

[0088] Here, the structure and material of the primary mirror 2 have excellent planar heat conduction ability; the optical characteristics of the sunny side surface of the primary mirror 2 are high solar light reflectivity and high infrared emissivity, and the optical characteristics of the shady side surface are high infrared emissivity. The receiver 5 is any one of a concentrating solar cell, a photovoltaic, and a solar thermal power generation device. The power generation unit has an ultraviolet protection film that can be replaced in orbit; the ultraviolet protection film can prevent ultraviolet rays from penetrating through reflection, scattering, and absorption, and at the same time has a high transmittance for sunlight in the visible and infrared bands. The energy storage unit type includes any one of a solid-state battery, a lithium battery, and a super capacitor.

[0089] It should be noted that: the working principle of the power generation module in this embodiment is as follows: parallel sunlight vertically irradiates the primary mirror 2, is reflected and converged to the secondary mirror 3, and then is reflected by the secondary mirror 3 to the concentrating solar cell, and through the photovoltaic effect, solar energy is converted into electrical energy.

[0090] The primary mirror 2 is responsible for the first reflection and convergence of sunlight. Its shape is mainly a parabolic spherical surface or a near-parabolic spherical surface. The structure and material have excellent planar heat conduction ability. It is necessary to quickly spread the point heat source of the light spot to the entire structure surface of the primary mirror 2. The optical characteristics of the sunny side surface are high solar light reflectivity and high infrared emissivity. As much sunlight as possible is reflected and converged to the solar cell. At the same time, the sunny side facing the sun direction can also perform efficient infrared radiation heat dissipation. The optical characteristics of the shady side surface are high infrared emissivity, and it faces the cold black direction for efficient infrared radiation heat dissipation. The primary mirror 2 realizes effective heat dissipation of the solar cell in a passive manner.

[0091] The secondary mirror 3 is responsible for the secondary reflection of the sunlight converged by the primary mirror, and focuses it on the receiver 5. The optical characteristics of its reflecting surface are high solar light reflectivity.

[0092] The receiver 5 converts the sunlight energy converged by the primary mirror 2 and the secondary mirror 3 into electrical energy. It can be a photovoltaic or a solar thermal product. Currently, the concentrating solar cell is relatively more mature, and the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency that can be achieved in the laboratory has reached 47%.

[0093] The light guiding structure 6 mainly has two functions. First, when the sun angle is accurate, the energy uniformity on the receiver can be improved through the light guiding structure. Second, when the light spot exceeds the range of the receiver 5 due to the deflection of the sun angle, most of the light can be reflected back to the receiver 5 through the light guiding structure 6. The current design is in the form of a light funnel structure, and all the incident light is finally made to reach the receiver 5 through multiple reflections.

[0094] The secondary mirror bracket 4 is mainly used for the installation and positioning of the secondary mirror 3, providing sufficient rigidity and strength to ensure the relative position relationship between the primary mirror 2 and the secondary mirror 3. At the same time, a material with high transmittance to sunlight and mid-to-far infrared should be selected.

[0095] In this embodiment, the multiple groups of primary mirrors 2 of the power generation modules can be arranged in an array and combined into an integrally formed structure; the support structure 1 is a frame-shaped structure; and the integrally formed structure is arranged on the frame-shaped structure.

[0096] The technical principles of the present invention are described in conjunction with specific embodiments. These descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention and cannot be interpreted in any way as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Based on the explanations here, those skilled in the art can associate other specific implementations of the present invention without creative work, and these methods will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spatially distributed concentrated energy system, characterized in that: include: Power generation unit, energy storage unit, power management unit and space intelligent solar tracking mechanism. The power generation unit can convert solar energy into electrical energy in combination with concentrated solar energy technology; The energy storage unit is capable of storing electrical energy; The power generation unit is connected to the power management unit; The power management unit is connected to the energy storage unit and manages the electric energy output by the power generation unit and stores it in the energy storage unit in a coordinated manner. The power management unit is also connected to the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism and the external load system for power supply; Wherein, the power generation unit comprises: a plurality of power generation modules and a support structure; A plurality of groups of the power generation modules are arranged on the support structure and connected to the power management unit; The support structure is arranged on the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism, and can command the multiple groups of power generation modules to align with sunlight in real time under the control of the space intelligent solar tracking mechanism for high-efficiency power generation.

2. The spatially distributed concentrated energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management unit dynamically adjusts each power generation module to maximize the total energy output as a model function as follows: E total represents the total energy output of the system, n is the number of power generation modules, E i is the energy output of the ith module, P i represents the set of operating parameters of the i-th module, t represents time, and W represents external factors such as space conditions.

3. The spatially distributed concentrated energy system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The space intelligent sun tracking mechanism comprises: a supporting mechanism, a sensor assembly, a driving mechanism, a control mechanism and a thermal control mechanism; The sensor assembly, the driving mechanism, the control mechanism and the thermal control mechanism are all arranged on the supporting mechanism; The control mechanism is respectively connected to the sensor assembly, the drive mechanism, and the thermal control mechanism; The sensor assembly is capable of accurately measuring the angle of the sun relative to the power generation unit; The driving mechanism can adjust the angle of the power generation unit according to the instruction of the control mechanism; The thermal control mechanism can maintain various components in the system within a suitable operating temperature range in space.

4. The spatially distributed concentrated energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation module comprises: a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a receiver and a secondary mirror bracket; The primary mirror is arranged on the support structure; The secondary mirror support is arranged on the support structure or on the frame of the primary mirror; The secondary mirror is arranged on the secondary mirror bracket; The receiver is arranged at the bottom of the primary mirror; The primary mirror can reflect and converge sunlight for the first time, and its shape is a parabola or a nearly parabola; The secondary mirror can reflect the sunlight gathered by the primary mirror for a second time and focus it onto the receiver; The receiver is capable of converting the sunlight energy sequentially concentrated by the primary mirror and the secondary mirror into electrical energy; The receiver is connected to the power management unit and can store the converted electric energy into the energy storage unit under the control of the power management unit.

5. The spatially distributed concentrated energy system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power generation module further includes: a light guide structure; The light guiding structure is arranged on the receiver; The light guiding structure is in the shape of a light funnel and can reflect the incident light rays converged by the secondary mirror multiple times so that all of them finally reach the receiver.

6. The spatially distributed concentrated energy system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The structure and material of the primary mirror have excellent planar thermal conductivity; The optical properties of the sun-facing surface of the primary mirror are high sunlight reflectivity and high infrared emissivity, and the optical properties of the shady surface of the primary mirror are high infrared emissivity.

7. The spatially distributed concentrated energy system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The receiver is any one of a concentrating solar cell, a photovoltaic, or a photothermal power generation device.

8. The spatially distributed concentrated energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation unit has an ultraviolet protection film that can be replaced on track; The ultraviolet protection film can prevent ultraviolet rays from penetrating by means of reflection, scattering and absorption, and has a high transmittance for sunlight in the visible and infrared bands.

9. The spatially distributed concentrated energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage unit type includes any one of a solid-state battery, a lithium battery, and a supercapacitor.

10. The spatially distributed concentrated energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of primary mirrors of the power generation modules can be arranged in an array and combined into an integrally formed structure; The support structure is a frame-shaped structure; The integrally formed structure is arranged on the frame-shaped structure.

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