Gear scraping machine tool based on cylindrical cutter and machining method

Abstract

The invention provides a tooth scraping machine tool based on a cylindrical cutter and a machining method.The tooth scraping machine tool comprises a machine tool body, a stand column is slidably installed at the top of the machine tool body through a radial feeding device, a sliding seat is slidably installed on the stand column through an axial feeding device, and a sliding plate is rotatably installed on the sliding seat through a moving angle adjusting mechanism; a main shaft is installed on the sliding plate in a sliding mode through a tangential feeding device, a cylindrical cutter used for gear scraping machining is installed at the output end of the main shaft, a workbench is arranged on the side edge of the stand column and located on the top of the lathe bed, and the workbench is used for clamping a gear to be machined. The machine tool adopts the cylindrical cutter as the cutter of the tooth scraping machine tool, so that the problems of instability and high cost of the traditional tooth scraping machine tool which adopts a conical cutter to process the tooth form are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hobbing machines, and more particularly to a hobbing machine tool and a machining method based on a cylindrical cutter. Background Art

[0002] Traditional hobbing machine tools use conical cutters for machining. The conical cutter has a back angle in its structure. Its biggest drawback is that as the front end face of the cutter is ground, the diameter will become smaller in the diameter direction, the machined tooth profile is unstable, and the effective grinding length is short, resulting in a low overall tool life. The diameter of the cylindrical cutter remains the same before and after grinding, the machined tooth profile is stable, the effective grinding length is long, and the tool life is high. However, the cylindrical cutter has no back angle in its structural design, and it is necessary to adjust and control the inclination angle and tangential position of the cutter during machining by the hobbing machine tool, so that a large cutting back angle is formed at the cutting point position between the cutter and the workpiece, thereby completing the machining of internal and external gears. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out corresponding transformation and adjustment on the hobbing machine to meet the need of machining with a cylindrical cutter. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above deficiencies and provide a hobbing machine tool and a machining method based on a cylindrical cutter. This machine tool uses a cylindrical cutter as the cutter of the hobbing machine tool, overcomes the problems of unstable tooth profile and high cost in machining with a conical cutter by traditional hobbing machine tools, and adjusts and controls the inclination angle and tangential position of the cylindrical cutter during machining by the machine tool, so that a certain cutting back angle is formed at the cutting point position between the cutter and the workpiece, completing the machining of internal and external gears, with more stable machining accuracy and higher tool life.

[0004] To achieve the above technical features, the purpose of the present invention is realized as follows: A hobbing machine tool based on a cylindrical cutter includes a bed body. A column is slidably installed on the top of the bed body through a radial feed device. A slide is slidably installed on the column through an axial feed device. A slide plate is rotatably installed on the slide through a swing angle adjusting mechanism. A spindle is slidably installed on the slide plate through a tangential feed device. A cylindrical cutter for hobbing gears is installed at the output end of the spindle. A workbench is provided on the side of the column and at the top of the bed body, and the workbench is used for clamping the gear to be machined.

[0005] Preferably, the radial feed device includes a radial feed motor fixed at one end of the top of the bed body. The output shaft of the radial feed motor is connected to a radial feed lead screw. The radial feed lead screw is in screw drive cooperation with the column and drives it to move radially along the X direction of the bed body.

[0006] Preferably, the axial feed device includes an axial feed motor fixed at the top of the column. The output shaft of the axial feed motor is connected to an axial feed lead screw. The axial feed lead screw is in screw drive cooperation with the slide and drives it to move vertically along the Z direction of the column.

[0007] Preferably, the angle adjustment mechanism for the tool carrier includes a tool carrier rotation motor fixed to the top of the carriage. The output shaft of the tool carrier rotation motor is connected to a carriage worm, and the carriage worm and a carriage worm gear form a worm and worm gear transmission. The carriage worm gear is fixedly connected to the slide plate, and the rotation of the carriage worm gear drives the slide plate to rotate around the rotation center synchronously.

[0008] Preferably, the tangential feed device includes a tangential feed motor fixed to the slide plate. The output shaft of the tangential feed motor is connected to a tangential feed screw rod, and the tangential feed screw rod and the main shaft form a screw rod transmission and drive the main shaft to move tangentially along the outer wall of the slide plate in the Y direction.

[0009] Preferably, a method for gear machining using the gear shaving machine based on a cylindrical cutter includes the following steps: Step 1, adjustment of the rotation angle of the cylindrical cutter: The tool carrier rotation motor drives the carriage worm to rotate, the carriage worm drives the carriage worm gear to rotate, and the carriage worm gear drives the slide plate, the main shaft, and the cylindrical cutter to rotate around the rotation center by an angle A1. Step 2, adjustment of the tangential distance of the cylindrical cutter: The tangential feed motor drives the main shaft and the cylindrical cutter to move linearly in the Y direction through the tangential feed screw rod, so that the distance between the center point of the addendum circle of the cylindrical cutter and the axis line of the workpiece is Y1. Step 3, adjustment of the radial distance of the cylindrical cutter: The radial feed motor drives the column, the main shaft, and the cylindrical cutter to move linearly in the X direction through the radial feed screw rod, so that the distance between the center point of the addendum circle of the cylindrical cutter and the axis line of the workpiece is X1. Step 4, through the above actions, the projection curve A of the addendum circle of the cylindrical cutter on the horizontal plane is tangent to the projection curve B of the addendum circle of the gear to be machined on the horizontal plane, and the tangent position is the cutting point. Step 5, make a cross-section from the connection line between the cutting point and the center point of the addendum circle of the workpiece. The cylindrical cutter and the gear to be machined form a back angle at the cutting point, and the back angle is θ. Step 6, through the machine tool control of the X-axis and Y-axis linkage, the cylindrical cutter performs cyclic machining along the Kappa angle.

[0010] Preferably, the Kappa angle is the included angle between the connection line between the cutting point and the center point of the addendum circle of the workpiece and the X-axis.

[0011] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention can be widely applied to hobbing machines for machining internal and external gears with cylindrical cutters. By adjusting and controlling the inclination angle and tangential position of the cutter during machining through the machine tool, a certain cutting clearance angle is formed between the cutter and the workpiece at the cutting point position, thereby completing the machining of internal and external gears. The tooth profile accuracy of the machining is more stable and reliable, the operation requirements of the machine tool are reduced, and at the same time, the service life of the cutter is longer, reducing the machining cost of the machine tool.

[0012] 2. Radial adjustment can be achieved through the radial feed device.

[0013] 3. Axial height adjustment can be achieved through the above-mentioned axial feed device.

[0014] 4. Through the above-mentioned angle adjustment mechanism, the adjustment of the rotation angle can be achieved, and thus the machining angle of the cylindrical cutter 13 can be adjusted.

[0015] 5. The above-mentioned tangential feed device can be used to adjust the tangential position of the cylindrical cutter during the subsequent machining process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0017] Figure 1 It is the front view of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is the left view of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is the state diagram of the rotation adjustment of the cylindrical cutter of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is the cutting principle diagram of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 It is the cutting process diagram of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: bed 1, workbench 2, gear 3, radial feed motor 4, radial feed screw rod 5, column 6, slide 7, axial feed screw rod 8, slide worm gear 9, slide worm 10, angle rotation motor 11, axial feed motor 12, cylindrical cutter 13, spindle 14, slide plate 15, tangential feed motor 16, tangential feed screw rod 17, center of rotation 18, workpiece axis 19, apex circle center point 20, projection curve A 21, cutting point 22, projection curve B 23, workpiece tooth apex circle center point 24. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0024] Embodiment 1: SeeFigures 1-5 , a hobbing machine based on a cylindrical cutter, comprising a machine body 1. A column 6 is slidably mounted on the top of the machine body 1 through a radial feed device. A slide base 7 is slidably mounted on the column 6 through an axial feed device. A slide plate 15 is rotatably mounted on the slide base 7 through a swing angle adjustment mechanism. A spindle 14 is slidably mounted on the slide plate 15 through a tangential feed device. A cylindrical cutter 13 for hobbing gears is mounted on the output end of the spindle 14. A workbench 2 is arranged on the side of the column 6 and at the top of the machine body 1. A gear 3 to be machined is clamped on the workbench 2. By adopting the above hobbing machine, it can be used to machine internal and external gears with a cylindrical cutter on the hobbing machine. The cylindrical cutter has no relief angle in its structural design. By adjusting and controlling the inclination angle and tangential position of the cutter during machining through the machine tool, a certain cutting relief angle is formed at the cutting point between the cutter and the workpiece, completing the machining of internal and external gears. It overcomes the problems of unstable tooth profile machining and high cost when using a conical cutter in traditional hobbing machines, with more stable machining accuracy and higher tool life.

[0025] During the specific machining process, the column 6 can be horizontally moved on the machine body through the axial feed device, the rotation angle of the slide plate 15 can be adjusted through the swing angle adjustment mechanism, and the tangential position of the cylindrical cutter 13 can be adjusted through the tangential feed device.

[0026] Furthermore, the radial feed device includes a radial feed motor 4 fixed at one end of the top of the machine body 1. The output shaft of the radial feed motor 4 is connected to a radial feed lead screw 5. The radial feed lead screw 5 is in screw drive cooperation with the column 6 and drives it to move radially along the machine body 1 in the X direction. Radial adjustment can be achieved through the radial feed device. During the working process, when feeding is required, the radial feed motor 4 is started. The radial feed motor 4 drives the radial feed lead screw 5, and the radial feed lead screw 5 drives the column 6, and then the column 6 moves along the machine body to achieve feed adjustment.

[0027] Furthermore, the axial feed device includes an axial feed motor 12 fixed at the top end of the column 6. The output shaft of the axial feed motor 12 is connected to an axial feed lead screw 8. The axial feed lead screw 8 is in screw drive cooperation with the slide base 7 and drives it to move vertically along the column 6 in the Z direction. Axial height adjustment can be achieved through the above axial feed device. During the working process, when height adjustment is required, the axial feed motor 12 is started. The axial feed motor 12 drives the axial feed lead screw 8, and the axial feed lead screw 8 drives the slide base 7 to achieve vertical lifting adjustment along the column 6.

[0028] Further, the rotation angle adjustment mechanism includes a rotation angle adjustment motor 11 fixed to the top of the slide block 7. The output shaft of the rotation angle adjustment motor 11 is connected to a slide block worm 10. The slide block worm 10 and a slide block worm gear 9 form a worm and worm gear transmission fit. The slide block worm gear 9 is fixedly connected to the slide plate 15 and drives the slide plate 15 to rotate around the rotation center 18 synchronously through the rotation of the slide block worm gear 9. Through the above rotation angle adjustment mechanism, the adjustment of the rotation angle can be realized, and further the machining angle of the cylindrical cutter 13 can be adjusted. During the working process, when the machining angle of the cylindrical cutter 13 needs to be adjusted, start the rotation angle adjustment motor 11, drive the slide block worm 10 through the rotation angle adjustment motor 11, drive the slide block worm gear 9 through the slide block worm 10, and then drive the slide plate 15 to rotate around the rotation center 18 by the slide block worm gear 9. Further, drive the corresponding main shaft 14 to rotate through the slide plate 15, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the machining angle of the cylindrical cutter 13.

[0029] Further, the tangential feed device includes a tangential feed motor 16 fixed to the slide plate 15. The output shaft of the tangential feed motor 16 is connected to a tangential feed lead screw 17. The tangential feed lead screw 17 and the main shaft 14 form a lead screw transmission fit and drive it to move tangentially along the outer wall of the slide plate 15 in the Y direction. Through the above tangential feed device, it can be used to adjust the tangential position of the cylindrical cutter 13 during the subsequent machining process. During the specific adjustment process, start the tangential feed motor 16, drive the tangential feed lead screw 17 through the tangential feed motor 16, drive the main shaft 14 to slide through the tangential feed lead screw 17, and further drive the corresponding cylindrical cutter 13 to achieve tangential adjustment through the main shaft 14.

[0030] Embodiment 2: A method for gear machining using the described gear shaving machine based on a cylindrical cutter includes the following steps: Step 1, adjustment of the rotation angle of the cylindrical cutter 13: The rotation angle adjustment motor 11 drives the slide block worm 10 to rotate. The slide block worm 10 drives the slide block worm gear 9 to rotate. The slide block worm gear 9 drives the slide plate 15, the main shaft 14, and the cylindrical cutter 13 to rotate by an angle A1 around the rotation center 18; Step 2, adjustment of the tangential distance of the cylindrical cutter 13: The tangential feed motor 16 drives the main shaft 14 and the cylindrical cutter 13 to move linearly in the Y direction through the tangential feed lead screw 17, so that the distance between the center point 20 of the addendum circle of the cylindrical cutter 13 and the workpiece axis 19 is Y1; Step 3, adjustment of the radial distance of the cylindrical cutter 13: The radial feed motor 4 drives the column 6, the main shaft 14, and the cylindrical cutter 13 to move linearly in the X direction through the radial feed lead screw 5, so that the distance between the center point 20 of the addendum circle of the cylindrical cutter 13 and the workpiece axis 19 is X1; Step 4: Through the above actions, make the projection curve A21 of the addendum circle of the cylindrical cutter 13 on the horizontal plane tangent to the projection curve B23 of the addendum circle of the gear 3 to be machined on the horizontal plane, and the tangent position is the cutting point 22; Step 5: Make a section from the connection line of the cutting point 22 and the center point 24 of the addendum circle of the workpiece. The cylindrical cutter 13 and the gear 3 to be machined form a clearance angle at the cutting point 22, and the clearance angle is θ; Step 6: Through the machine tool control of the linkage of the X-axis and the Y-axis, make the cylindrical cutter 13 perform circular machining along the Kappa angle.

[0031] The Kappa angle is the included angle between the connection line of the cutting point 22 and the center point 24 of the addendum circle of the workpiece and the X-axis.

Claims

1. A gear skiving machine based on a cylindrical tool, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bed (1), a column (6) is slidably mounted on the top of the bed (1) via a radial feed device, a slide seat (7) is slidably mounted on the column (6) via an axial feed device, a slide plate (15) is rotatably mounted on the slide seat (7) via an angle adjustment mechanism, a spindle (14) is slidably mounted on the slide plate (15) via a tangential feed device, a cylindrical tool (13) for gear skiving is mounted on the output end of the spindle (14), a workbench (2) is arranged on the side of the column (6) and located on the top of the bed (1), and the workbench (2) is used to clamp the gear (3) to be processed.

2. A gear skiving machine based on a cylindrical tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial feed device comprises a radial feed motor (4) fixed to one end of the top of the bed (1); the output shaft of the radial feed motor (4) is connected to a radial feed screw (5); the radial feed screw (5) and the column (6) form a screw drive and drive the radial feed screw (5) to move along the radial direction X of the bed (1).

3. A gear skiving machine based on a cylindrical tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial feeding device comprises an axial feeding motor (12) fixed at the top end of the column (6); the output shaft of the axial feeding motor (12) is connected to an axial feeding screw (8); the axial feeding screw (8) and the slide seat (7) form a screw transmission and drive the slide seat (7) to move vertically in the Z direction along the column (6).

4. A gear skiving machine based on a cylindrical tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving angle adjustment mechanism comprises a moving angle rotating motor (11) fixed on the top of the slide (7); the output shaft of the moving angle rotating motor (11) is connected to the slide worm (10); the slide worm (10) and the slide worm wheel (9) form a worm gear transmission; the slide worm wheel (9) is fixedly connected to the slide plate (15); and the slide plate (15) is synchronously driven to rotate around the rotation center (18) by the rotation of the slide worm wheel (9).

5. A gear skiving machine based on a cylindrical tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tangential feed device comprises a tangential feed motor (16) fixed on the slide plate (15), the output shaft of the tangential feed motor (16) being connected to a tangential feed screw (17), the tangential feed screw (17) and the main shaft (14) forming a screw drive and driving the tangential feed screw (17) to move along the outer wall of the slide plate (15) in the tangential direction Y.

6. A method for gear machining using a gear skiving machine based on a cylindrical tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, adjusting the rotation angle of the cylindrical tool (13): The angle-shifting rotation motor (11) drives the slide worm (10) to rotate, the slide worm (10) drives the slide worm wheel (9) to rotate, and the slide worm wheel (9) drives the slide plate (15), the spindle (14), and the cylindrical tool (13) to rotate along the rotation center (18) by an angle A1; Step 2, tangential distance adjustment of cylindrical tool (13): The tangential feed motor (16) drives the spindle (14) and the cylindrical tool (13) to move linearly along the Y direction via the tangential feed screw (17), so that the distance between the center point (20) of the tooth top circle of the cylindrical tool (13) and the axis center line (19) of the workpiece is Y1; Step 3, radial distance adjustment of the cylindrical tool (13): The radial feed motor (4) drives the column (6), the spindle (14), and the cylindrical tool (13) to move linearly along the X direction via the radial feed screw (5), so that the distance between the center point (20) of the tooth top circle of the cylindrical tool (13) and the axis center line (19) of the workpiece is X1; Step 4, through the above actions, the projection curve A (21) of the tooth top circle of the cylindrical tool (13) on the horizontal plane is tangent to the projection curve B (23) of the tooth top circle of the gear to be processed (3) on the horizontal plane, and the tangent position is the cutting point (22); Step 5, making a cross section from the line connecting the cutting point (22) and the center point (24) of the workpiece tooth top circle, the cylindrical tool (13) and the gear to be processed (3) form a clearance angle at the cutting point (22), and the clearance angle is θ; Step 6, by controlling the X-axis and Y-axis of the machine tool, the cylindrical tool (13) performs cyclic processing along the Kappa angle.

7. A method for gear machining based on a gear skiving machine tool with a cylindrical tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The Kappa angle is the angle between the line connecting the cutting point (22) and the center point (24) of the workpiece tooth tip circle and the X-axis.

Images