Advanced geological forecasting method and system

Abstract

The invention provides an advanced geological forecasting method and system, and the method comprises the steps: arranging a plurality of radar measurement points on the ground surface of a to-be-constructed region according to the operation plan of tunneling equipment, so as to install a radar; before the tunneling equipment executes the tunneling operation, a radar is used for detecting whether a geological abnormal body exists under the earth surface of the to-be-constructed area or not. According to the scheme, the radar is arranged on the ground surface for detection, the problem that in a traditional method, the radar is difficult to arrange between a cutterhead and a tunnel face of tunneling equipment is solved, and therefore effective monitoring on poor excavation construction conditions is achieved; the influence of electromagnetic interference generated by underground tunneling equipment on radar signals is remarkably reduced, and the accuracy of advanced geological forecast is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel excavation, and particularly to a method and system for advanced geological prediction. Background Art

[0002] During the tunnel excavation construction process, complex and changeable topographical and geological conditions, as well as adverse geological conditions such as faults, karst caves, and fractured rock masses, are the main sources of construction disasters. The distribution of these adverse geological phenomena is often highly concealed and difficult to accurately identify and predict. Therefore, in order to effectively grasp the geological conditions in front of the heading face during construction and prevent and reduce the disaster risks that may occur during tunneling, experts and scholars have been committed to researching and developing theories and methods for advanced geological prediction.

[0003] Traditional geological prediction techniques cover a variety of methods such as advanced drilling, seismic reflection detection, and electromagnetic detection. Among these methods, ground penetrating radar technology has been widely used in the advanced geological detection of tunnel construction due to its light equipment and simple operation. It detects by emitting radar signals along the excavation direction of the tunnel, enabling the geological conditions in the front area of the construction to be visually presented. However, for the construction method using a TBM (full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine), since the tunneling of the TBM mainly relies on the cutterhead in front of it to cut the rock and soil, the distance between the cutterhead and the heading face is very limited and the area of the heading face in the tunnel is small, which makes it extremely difficult to deploy ground penetrating radar or other sensors near the heading face. In addition, the strong vibrations generated during the tunneling of the TBM may cause these radars or sensors to loosen or even fall off, thus affecting their structural integrity and functional efficacy. Coupled with the large volume of the TBM itself, it is easy to generate complex electromagnetic interference, seriously affecting the accuracy and stability of the radar signals. These factors together result in the difficulty of effectively implementing traditional advanced geological prediction methods in TBM construction, and the actual effect is not ideal.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide an advanced geological prediction method with better detection effect is a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an advanced geological prediction method and system, which sets the radar on the ground surface to pre-detect underground geological anomalies, avoiding the problem that it is difficult to install sensors between the cutterhead of the tunneling machine and the heading face in traditional geological prediction methods, realizing the monitoring of adverse excavation construction conditions. At the same time, since the radar is on the ground surface and the tunneling machine is underground, it effectively avoids the influence of the electromagnetic interference of the tunneling machine on the detection signal of the radar, improving the accuracy of geological prediction.

[0006] In a first aspect, an advanced geological prediction method is provided, including: Arrange a number of radar measuring points on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment for installing radars. Before the tunneling equipment performs the tunneling operation, use the radar to detect whether there are geological anomalies under the surface of the area to be constructed.

[0007] Preferably, using the radar to detect whether there are geological anomalies under the surface of the area to be constructed includes: Obtain the detection signals emitted by the radars at different installation positions. Project all the detection signals onto the area to be detected under the surface to detect whether there are geological anomalies in the area to be detected.

[0008] Specifically, the operation plan of the tunneling equipment is formulated according to the following factors: Tunneling route; tunneling direction; tunneling progress.

[0009] Preferably, arranging a number of radar measuring points on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment includes: Arrange some radar measuring points in front of the heading face along the tunneling direction of the tunneling equipment, and keep at least a first preset distance between the radar measuring points and the heading face. The construction project corresponding to the area to be constructed includes a tunnel; arrange some radar measuring points on both sides of the sidewall of the tunnel along the direction perpendicular to the tunneling direction of the tunneling equipment, and keep at least a second preset distance between the radar measuring points on each side and the sidewall of the tunnel corresponding to it.

[0010] Specifically, the method for determining the tunneling route includes: Prepare a geological exploration report according to the geological environment of the area to be constructed. Screen out the risk areas that do not meet the preset conditions in the area to be constructed according to the geological exploration report. Determine the types of geological anomalies expected to appear in the risk areas according to the geological conditions of the risk areas. Determine the risk levels and influence ranges of the risk areas according to the types of geological anomalies expected to appear. Formulate the tunneling route of the tunneling equipment in the area to be constructed according to the risk levels, influence ranges and the geological conditions of the area to be constructed.

[0011] Specifically, the method further includes: If it is detected that there are geological anomalies, analyze the types and scales of the geological anomalies, adjust the tunneling parameters of the tunneling equipment according to the types and scales of the geological anomalies, and / or perform preset advanced treatment measures on the geological anomalies and the geology within a preset range around them according to the types and scales of the geological anomalies.

[0012] Specifically, the method further includes: If no geological anomaly is detected, the tunneling equipment is controlled to perform tunneling operations according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment.

[0013] Specifically, the tunneling parameters include at least one of the following: Cutterhead rotation speed; cutterhead torque; cutter hardness; propulsion speed; thrust; penetration rate; The preset advanced treatment measures include: Advanced pipe shed grouting measures or advanced pilot tunnel measures.

[0014] Specifically, the geological anomaly includes at least one of the following: Fractured rock mass; formation mutation; sudden change in groundwater level; void; karst cave.

[0015] Specifically, the method further includes: Determining the preset quality of the detection signal of the radar according to the parameters of the surface of the area to be constructed and the parameters of the tunnel; Adjusting the detection time of the radar in the area to be constructed, and / or adjusting the center frequency of the antenna of the radar, and / or adjusting the transmission power of the antenna of the radar, and / or adjusting the number of superimposed times of the detection signal of the radar, so that the quality of the detection signal of the radar meets the preset quality.

[0016] Specifically, the detection parameters of the radar include: Detection depth and resolution.

[0017] In a second aspect, an advanced geological prediction system is provided, which is used to execute the advanced geological prediction method provided in the first aspect, including: Tunneling equipment; A plurality of radars, the installation positions of which are determined according to the radar measurement points; wherein, a plurality of radar measurement points are arranged on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment; The radar is configured to detect geological anomalies located under the surface of the area to be constructed before the tunneling equipment performs tunneling operations.

[0018] In a third aspect, an electronic device is provided, including: a processor and a memory; instructions are stored in the memory, and the instructions are loaded and executed by the processor to implement the advanced geological prediction method provided in the first aspect.

[0019] In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by a processor, the advanced geological prediction method provided in the first aspect is implemented.

[0020] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present application, the following technical effects are disclosed: In the technical solution of this application, a method and a system for advanced geological prediction are provided. Among them, the method includes: arranging a number of radar measurement points on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment to install radars; before the tunneling equipment performs the tunneling operation, using the radar to detect whether there are geological anomalies under the surface of the area to be constructed. In the solution, the radar is set on the surface for detection, which solves the problem that it is difficult to install the radar between the cutter head and the face of the tunneling equipment in the traditional method. In this way, not only the effective monitoring of poor excavation construction conditions is realized, but also since the radar operates on the surface, the electromagnetic interference generated by the underground tunneling equipment is significantly reduced, and the influence on the radar signal is reduced, improving the accuracy of advanced geological prediction. Description of the Drawings

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of this application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 is the overall flowchart of the advanced geological prediction method provided by the embodiment of this application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram when the geological radar detects provided by the embodiment of this application; Figure 3 is the flowchart of using the detection signal to detect geological anomalies provided by the embodiment of this application; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional detection area formed by the three-dimensional detection range projection of the radar provided by the embodiment of this application; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the layout of some radar measurement points provided by the embodiment of this application; Figure 6 is the flowchart of the method for determining the tunneling route provided by the embodiment of this application; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of the soil water content before and after rainfall provided by the embodiment of this application, where Figure 7 (a) is a schematic diagram of the soil water content before rainfall, Figure 7 (b) is a schematic diagram of the soil water content after rainfall; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a water-containing karst cave anomaly provided by the embodiment of this application; Figure 9 is the flowchart of adjusting relevant parameters and improving the construction plan when a geological anomaly is detected provided by the embodiment of this application; Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by the embodiment of this application. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] Some embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principle of the present application and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0024] As described in the background art, for the construction method using a TBM (Full Face Hard Rock Tunnel Boring Machine), since the excavation of the TBM mainly relies on the cutterhead in front of it to cut the rock and soil, the distance between the cutterhead and the tunnel face is very limited and the area of the tunnel face is small, which makes it extremely difficult to deploy a ground penetrating radar or other sensors near the tunnel face. In addition, the TBM itself is huge in volume and prone to generate complex electromagnetic interference. These factors together make it difficult to effectively implement the traditional advanced geological prediction method in TBM construction, and the actual effect is not ideal.

[0025] To solve one or more of the above problems, the core of the present application is to provide an advanced geological prediction method and system to achieve the detection of adverse excavation construction conditions and improve the accuracy of advanced geological prediction.

[0026] Embodiment 1 An advanced geological prediction method, as Figure 1 shown, includes: S10: Arrange a number of radar measurement points on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment to install the radar; S20: Before the tunneling equipment performs the tunneling operation, use the radar to detect whether there are geological anomalies under the surface of the area to be constructed.

[0027] Among them, according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment, a number of radar measurement points are arranged on the surface, and these measurement points determine the installation position of the radar equipment, laying a foundation for realizing advanced geological prediction. Different from installing the radar between the tunnel face and the cutterhead of the tunneling equipment, by arranging the radar on the surface, the problem that it is difficult to install the radar between the tunnel face and the cutterhead of the tunneling equipment in the traditional method is solved, and the effective detection of geological anomalies is realized; moreover, arranging the radar on the surface makes the detection signal of the radar point from the surface to the underground, forming an oblique intersection with the tunneling direction of the tunneling equipment. Such a layout avoids the problem of the limitation of the detection range caused by the parallelism between the detection signal and the tunneling direction in the traditional method. At the same time, because the radar detects on the surface and the tunneling equipment is underground, the problem that the positions of the tunneling equipment and the radar are too close in the past is avoided, effectively reducing the interference of the electromagnetic interference of the tunneling equipment on the detection signal of the radar, ensuring the clarity of the detection signal, and improving the accuracy of advanced geological prediction.

[0028] By the above means, the present solution significantly improves the accuracy of advanced geological prediction, providing reliable geological information for the construction team to avoid the impact of geological disasters on construction safety.

[0029] In an alternative embodiment of the present application, the tunneling equipment is specifically a tunneling machine; the following considers various application scenarios of tunneling machines, including but not limited to: full-face hard rock tunnel boring machines, i.e., TBMs, suitable for tunneling in medium to thickly buried, medium to high-strength rock formations; soft ground tunnel boring machines, i.e., shield machines, suitable for tunneling in homogeneous soft ground with limited water pressure or below the groundwater level; shaft boring machines, suitable for shaft boring in underground projects such as mineral mining and traffic tunnels.

[0030] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the radar includes: a ground penetrating radar; compared with other seismic reflection sensors, using a ground penetrating radar for detection can reflect the type, approximate size, and distance of geological anomalies. At the same time, the ground penetrating radar has strong environmental adaptability, a simple detection mode, and is easy to move, suitable for large-scale screening. Exemplarily, as Figure 2 shown, the ground penetrating radar includes: a transmitter and a receiver; the ground penetrating radar is arranged at a depth of 0 m in the area to be constructed, i.e., on the ground surface; the TBM tunnels along a preset tunneling direction at a preset depth below the ground surface; the transmitter emits detection signals in the direction from the ground surface to underground. When the detection signals encounter geological anomalies, reflected electromagnetic waves will be generated, and the receiver captures the reflected electromagnetic waves and transmits them to relevant equipment for analysis and conversion processing to obtain relevant information about the geological anomalies.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present application, the effective detection range of the ground penetrating radar is 25 to 30 meters.

[0032] Preferably, as Figure 3 shown, using the radar to detect whether there are geological anomalies below the ground surface in the area to be constructed includes: S200: Obtain detection signals emitted by radars at different installation positions; S210: Project all the detection signals onto the area to be detected below the ground surface to detect whether there are geological anomalies in the area to be detected.

[0033] Among them, as Figure 4As shown, the detection signals of each radar radiate and propagate in a ray shape, forming a three-dimensional detection range; when the three-dimensional detection range is projected onto an object or a plane, a two-dimensional detection area is formed, which can be called a "footprint". Since there are several radars arranged on the ground surface, and these radars are arranged and combined to form a radar array, the detection signals of radars at different positions intersect and overlap with each other. All the detection signals together construct a larger three-dimensional detection range. Furthermore, when its projection reaches the area to be detected, the two-dimensional detection area formed can cover a larger area, thus greatly expanding the detection range of geological anomalies.

[0034] Embodiment 2 The key factor to ensure the smooth progress of tunnel excavation is the operation plan of the tunneling machine. Based on Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 of the present application provides relevant factors to be considered when formulating the operation plan of the tunneling equipment.

[0035] Specifically, the operation plan of the tunneling equipment is formulated according to the following factors: tunneling route; tunneling direction; tunneling progress.

[0036] Among them, the tunneling route is the path that the tunneling machine follows during underground tunneling, which is preset according to the results of geological exploration and engineering design; the tunneling direction is the traveling direction of the tunneling machine during tunneling, which depends on the design of the tunneling route. In addition, the tunneling direction determines the orientation of the cutter head and the face of the tunneling machine; the tunneling progress is the construction progress of the tunneling machine on the tunneling route, such as the tunneling length at a certain time on a certain day, the tunneling speed at a certain moment, etc. The above three are closely related and jointly ensure the smooth progress of tunnel excavation.

[0037] Preferably, a number of radar measurement points are arranged on the ground surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment, including: arranging some radar measurement points in front of the face along the tunneling direction of the tunneling equipment, and keeping at least a first preset distance between the radar measurement points and the face; the construction project corresponding to the area to be constructed includes a tunnel; arranging some radar measurement points on both sides of the sidewall of the tunnel along the direction perpendicular to the tunneling direction of the tunneling equipment, and keeping at least a second preset distance between the radar measurement points on each side and the sidewall of the tunnel corresponding to them.

[0038] Among them, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, although arranging the radar on the ground surface can significantly reduce the electromagnetic interference of the roadheader on the radar, in some cases, if the coverage range of the detection signal is too close to the heading face, it may still be interfered by the roadheader to a certain extent. Therefore, a first preset distance of at least is maintained between the radar for detecting geological anomalies in front of the heading face and the heading face to improve the stability of the radar detection signal. At the same time, when the construction project is a tunnel, the relevant parameters of the tunnel have been pre-determined. The contour of the tunnel can be outlined according to the parameters of the tunnel to determine the contour of the side wall of the tunnel. Also, since the positions of geological anomalies are random, they are not limited to the direct travel route of the tunnel and may also appear in areas outside the scope of the tunnel side wall. The geological anomalies in these areas will also affect the tunnel excavation construction. Therefore, a second preset distance of at least is ensured between the radar and the side wall to improve the ability of the radar to detect these geological anomalies.

[0039] In an alternative embodiment of the present application, the first preset distance is 10 meters to 15 meters.

[0040] Specifically, as Figure 6 shown, the method for determining the driving route includes: S1: Compile a geological exploration report according to the geological environment of the area to be constructed; S2: Screen out risk areas that do not meet the preset conditions in the area to be constructed according to the geological exploration report; S3: Determine the types of geological anomalies expected to appear in the risk area according to the geological conditions of the risk area; S4: Determine the risk level and influence range of the risk area according to the types of geological anomalies expected to appear; S5: Develop the driving route of the driving equipment in the area to be constructed according to the risk level, influence range, and geological conditions of the area to be constructed.

[0041] Among them, different construction environments may face different risks of geological anomalies. For example, in mountainous or bare land environments, problems such as fractured rock masses, karst cavities, and stratigraphic mutations are often encountered. Another example is that in urban environments, complex pipelines and over-exploitation of groundwater are the main inducements for the generation of geological anomalies. In cities with early underground space development, the underground pipelines are relatively complex, and unknown pipelines may all affect tunneling. Moreover, the excessive use of groundwater may also lead to changes in the groundwater level, which in turn affects the distribution of soil layers and may cause serious construction accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct detailed geological exploration to compile a geological exploration report, which details the data and information obtained during the exploration process and provides an information basis for the subsequent determination of the tunneling route. The risk area that does not meet the preset conditions refers to an area where the geological conditions may be too complex, such as the existence of fractured rock masses, high water pressure, etc. After obtaining the type of geological anomaly, the scale and location of the geological anomaly are considered through risk assessment to determine the risk level and the affected range, and then the tunneling route of the tunneling machine is determined by comprehensively considering the geological conditions, as well as the risk level and the affected range. Such a design aims to avoid high-risk areas and optimize the tunneling route of the tunneling machine.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present application, RTK surveying and mapping is used to monitor the position and tunneling direction of the tunneling machine to ensure that the tunneling machine conducts tunnel excavation construction along the established tunneling route in subsequent projects.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, the advanced geological prediction by radar and the tunneling work of the tunneling machine are carried out successively, with the former being 2 to 3 working days earlier than the latter.

[0044] Embodiment 3 Based on Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3 of the present application provides the related types of geological anomalies, as well as the relevant measures to be taken when detecting geological anomalies during the detection process to ensure the safety of the excavation project.

[0045] Specifically, the geological anomaly includes at least one of the following: Fractured rock mass; stratigraphic mutation; sudden change in groundwater level; void; karst cave.

[0046] Among them, the fractured rock mass is a region of rock with cracks, faults, and fractures generated by geological actions; the stratigraphic mutation is the sudden change between different lithologic strata encountered by the tunneling machine during tunneling; the sudden change in groundwater level refers to the sudden rise or fall of the water level. If the water level suddenly rises, it may lead to water inrush, and if the water level suddenly falls, it may lead to ground settlement; the void is a cavity existing under the ground surface; the karst cave is a cave formed by the erosion of rock by water flow.

[0047] Exemplarily, such as Figure 7As shown, when the radar detects that the geological anomaly is a sudden change in the groundwater level, after rainfall, the water content of the soil changes, and the detection signal is severely interfered. According to the image, there are obvious differences in the waveforms before and after rainfall. Therefore, in actual field detection, the detection plan needs to be reasonably adjusted according to the rainfall situation. When detecting in the city, since most urban areas are impermeable ground, the influence of rainfall is relatively small. The sudden change in water content may be due to pipeline leakage or changes in the groundwater level. In such cases, it is necessary to forecast and discover it and reasonably adjust the detection plan according to the degree of sudden change in water content. Refer to Figure 8 As can be seen from the A mark in , it is a typical water-containing karst cave anomaly. The abnormal waveform feature is multiple reflections. The reflection of its top interface is obvious, and the diffraction wave form is relatively regular. The burial depth of its top surface reflection is about 18 meters.

[0048] Specifically, as Figure 9 shown, the advanced geological prediction method further includes: S30: If a geological anomaly is detected, analyze the type and scale of the geological anomaly, adjust the tunneling parameters of the tunneling equipment according to the type and scale of the geological anomaly, and / or perform preset advanced treatment measures on the geology within a preset range around the geological anomaly according to the type and scale of the geological anomaly; Specifically, the tunneling parameters include at least one of the following: cutterhead rotation speed; cutterhead torque; tool hardness; propulsion speed; thrust; penetration; The preset advanced treatment measures include: advanced pipe shed grouting measures or advanced pilot tunnel measures.

[0049] Among them, through the advanced prediction method, effective advanced treatment measures are taken for different geological anomalies and the tunneling plan is adjusted to ensure construction safety and efficiency. Use a geological radar to detect the geological conditions in front of the tunneling. If a geological anomaly is detected, analyze its type and scale, and adjust the tunneling parameters of the tunneling machine according to its type and scale, including cutterhead rotation speed, torque, tool hardness, propulsion speed, thrust and penetration to adapt to the geological conditions. At the same time, according to the type and scale of the geological anomaly, adopt measures such as advanced pipe shed grouting or advanced pilot tunnel for the geology within a preset range around the geological anomaly; if no geological anomaly is detected, perform tunneling operations according to the operation plan of the tunneling machine.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, the main tunneling parameters include cutterhead rotation speed, cutterhead torque, tool hardness, propulsion speed, thrust, and penetration. For different geological conditions, the rotation speed and torque of the cutterhead need to be reasonably adjusted. Exemplarily, in areas with poor geological conditions, the cutterhead rotation speed is reduced and the torque is increased to reduce the disturbance to the unstable surrounding rock of geological anomalies. In areas with good geological conditions, the cutterhead rotation speed is increased and the torque is reduced to improve the tunneling efficiency and reduce the wear of the cutterhead. At the same time, the tunneling speed and thrust of the tunneling machine need to be matched according to the integrity of the surrounding rock. Exemplarily, in the face of hard rock formations, the penetration of the cutterhead needs to be carefully controlled to avoid tool damage. In the face of the development of soft strata, the tunneling direction and attitude of the tunneling machine need to be closely monitored to ensure construction safety.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present application, when facing geological anomalies such as broken rock masses, complex geological structures, weak structural planes, and tunnel water inrush, advanced pipe-roof grouting is adopted as an advanced treatment measure; this technology involves driving steel pipes into the front of the heading face along the pre-designed contour line of the tunnel at a certain spacing and external difference angle, and grouting in combination with the geological conditions to form an advanced support barrier; the driven steel pipes are combined with the steel arch in the tunnel to provide a rigid structure with longitudinal and transverse directions for the surrounding rock, so as to share the load generated during the excavation of the surrounding rock and reduce the impact of the deformation risk of the surrounding rock on construction safety. Advanced pipe-roof grouting can not only reinforce loose rock masses but also effectively block underground water flows; through advanced drilling technology, special reinforcement grouts are injected into the rock fissures. After consolidation, the grouts can cement the broken rocks, reduce the fragmentation degree of the surrounding rock, and enhance its impermeability at the same time, thus establishing a circumferential reinforcement layer in front of the heading face to provide a stable geological environment for tunnel construction. In addition, for shallow-buried tunnels in urban environments, advanced grouting can also be implemented through vertical or inclined boreholes on the ground, which provides greater flexibility and safety for construction. Select appropriate grouting processes, materials, and their ratios, and adjust them according to the specific geological conditions on site to achieve good grouting effects. Through this comprehensive geological pre-treatment measure, the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction can be significantly improved, ensuring the smooth progress of the project. In addition, for shallow-buried tunnels in urban environments, advanced pipe-roof grouting can also be implemented through vertical or inclined boreholes on the ground. Selecting appropriate advanced grouting processes according to the geological conditions at the construction site can significantly improve the safety and efficiency of tunnel excavation construction and ensure the smooth progress of the project.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present application, when facing the situation of poor integrity of surrounding rock, an advanced pilot tunnel is used as an advanced treatment measure; before the tunneling machine officially starts tunneling, all or part of the tunnel section is excavated manually in advance, and then the tunneling machine directly passes through the excavated area or continues to complete the tunneling of the remaining section. In this way, not only the support for the tunnel surrounding rock is strengthened, but also space is provided for horizontal advanced geological prediction. Through the advanced pilot tunnel, part of the in-situ stress in the high in-situ stress soft rock formation or rock burst section is effectively released, the deformation of the surrounding rock is controlled, the load borne by the shield of the tunneling machine and the tunnel support structure is reduced, the unloading purpose is achieved, and the construction safety is guaranteed. The design of the pilot tunnel and the selection of support parameters need to be carefully considered to adapt to specific geological conditions and engineering requirements.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present application, when the advanced geological prediction result indicates that the scale of the fault fracture zone in front of the tunnel face is relatively small, the tunneling parameters of the tunneling machine are adjusted to ensure safe passage. Exemplarily, the cutter head rotation speed is reduced and a suitable tunneling speed is maintained, while monitoring the change of the muck, and adjusting the thrust and penetration of the cutter head according to this change to minimize the disturbance to the surrounding rock as much as possible; during tunneling, it should be avoided to stop the machine as much as possible to prevent the occurrence of jamming disasters. After the tunneling machine successfully passes through the fault fracture zone, initial support is carried out by means of shotcrete and bolting with wire mesh. When the advanced geological prediction structure indicates that the scale of the fault fracture zone in front of the tunnel face is relatively large, there is a risk of tunnel collapse or tunneling machine jamming. The tunneling work should be stopped, and measures such as advanced pipe shed grouting and support should be taken to strengthen the integrity and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock, and then pass through the fault fracture zone at a slower tunneling speed; in this case, if there is a large accumulation of water and sediment, which is likely to cause large-scale water and mud inrush disasters, drainage and grouting plugging are carried out through advanced drilling, and excavation is restarted after ensuring safety, and drainage and plugging are carried out even after tunneling. When the advanced geological prediction result indicates that the scale of the fault fracture zone in front of the tunnel face is too large and conventional measures such as adjusting tunneling parameters cannot ensure the smooth passage of the tunneling machine, the advanced pilot tunnel method can be adopted, the broken section of the tunnel surrounding rock is excavated manually and the support is strengthened, and then the tunneling machine is used to pass through.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present application, when the results of the advanced geological prediction show that the scale of the karst cave in front of the tunnel face is small and there is no filling material, since this situation has little impact on the tunneling of the tunneling machine, there is no need to adopt advanced support, and the tunneling machine is allowed to directly tunnel through. When the results of the advanced geological prediction show that the karst cave is located below the tunnel, the tunneling of the tunneling machine is stopped. If there is filling material in the karst cave, advanced grouting is used to increase its stability, and then the tunneling machine is controlled to continue tunneling. If there is no filling material in the karst cave, appropriate materials are used for filling, and advanced grouting support is carried out at will. After the slurry has solidified, the tunneling machine is controlled to move forward. When the results of the advanced geological prediction show that the karst cave is located above the tunnel, the tunneling of the tunneling machine is stopped. If there is filling material in the karst cave, advanced grouting is carried out to prevent collapse. After the tunneling machine passes through the support, further support measures such as shotcrete with wire mesh and high-pressure grouting are adopted to ensure safety. If there is no filling material in the karst cave, advanced pipe-roof grouting is used for support, and filling and bolt grouting are carried out after the tunneling machine has passed through. When the results of the advanced geological prediction show that the karst cave is filled with a large amount of water and sediment and there is a risk of water and mud inrush, the tunneling of the tunneling machine should be stopped, advanced drilling is used for drainage, advanced pipe-roof grouting is carried out according to the development of the karst cave, and appropriate tunneling parameters are selected to control the tunneling machine to move forward.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, when the results of the advanced geological prediction show that the structure of the hard-soft composite formation is relatively simple and the development scale is small, the problem of uneven force on the cutter head during rock breaking is addressed by adjusting the tunneling parameters of the tunneling machine. Therefore, the cutter head thrust is mainly adjusted, and the tunneling speed and other tunneling parameters are adjusted according to the lithology change. It should be noted that when there are significant changes in the cutter head thrust and torque during the tunneling of the tunneling machine, the tunneling speed or the cutter head rotation speed should be appropriately reduced. When the results of the advanced geological prediction show that the structure of the hard-soft composite formation is complex and the development scale of the soft formation is large, the tunneling of the tunneling machine is suspended, and measures such as advanced pipe-roof grouting are adopted to reinforce the surrounding rock support before tunneling. During the tunneling process, the tunneling attitude of the tunneling machine should be strictly controlled. When the attitude deviates or sinks, the tunneling of the tunneling machine should be immediately stopped and retreated to a safe area. After taking corresponding measures, the tunneling machine is restored to the normal state and then moves forward. After the tunneling machine passes through the composite formation, the support is strengthened by using steel arch frames, bolts and shotcrete, etc. to control the deformation of the rock in the composite formation section.

[0056] Specifically, as Figure 9 shown, the method further includes: S40: If no geological anomaly is detected, the tunneling equipment is controlled to perform tunneling operations according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment.

[0057] Embodiment 4 Based on Embodiment 3, Embodiment 4 of the present application provides relevant factors affecting the radar detection effect.

[0058] Specifically, the advanced geological prediction method further includes: Determine the preset quality required for the detection signal of the radar according to the parameters of the surface of the area to be constructed and the parameters of the tunnel. Adjust the detection time of the radar in the area to be constructed, and / or adjust the center frequency of the antenna of the radar, and / or adjust the transmission power of the antenna of the radar, and / or adjust the number of superimposed times of the detection signal of the radar, so that the quality of the detection signal of the radar meets the preset quality.

[0059] Among them, the center frequency of the antenna affects the detection depth and resolution; as the center frequency decreases, the detection depth increases but the resolution decreases. Therefore, an appropriate center frequency should be selected according to the tunnel burial depth. On the premise of meeting the detection depth requirements, a high-frequency antenna should be selected as much as possible to pursue higher resolution; this parameter can be adjusted on a radar according to the on-site conditions. Increasing the transmission power of the antenna can also increase the detection depth of the radar and improve the quality of the detection signal; this parameter is determined by the hardware conditions of the radar, so the equipment needs to be selected in advance according to the engineering situation. The number of superimposed times of the signal can also increase the detection depth of the radar and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal; this parameter is determined by the radar software algorithm, so the equipment needs to be selected in advance according to the engineering situation.

[0060] At the same time, the moisture content of the soil on the ground and the age of the concrete on the road surface and other environments will also affect the quality of the detection signal of the radar; the surface soil with high moisture content will greatly hinder the propagation of the radar detection signal. Therefore, to improve the detection quality of the radar, detection should be avoided after heavy rainfall; for concrete roads, the wet concrete will hinder the propagation of the radar detection signal, and detection should be carried out after the concrete is relatively dry.

[0061] Specifically, the detection parameters of the radar include: detection depth and resolution.

[0062] Among them, the detection depth refers to the maximum depth at which the detection signal of the radar can penetrate underground and return an identifiable signal. This parameter is affected by the frequency of the radar, the transmission power, and the geological conditions (such as soil type, rock type, and water content, etc.); the resolution refers to the minimum distance at which the radar can distinguish adjacent underground targets, which limits the size and type of geological anomalies that can be distinguished. This parameter is affected by factors such as the frequency of the radar, the antenna type, and the signal processing technology.

[0063] Embodiment 5 Embodiment 5 of the present application provides an advanced geological prediction system, including: a roadheader; a plurality of radars, the installation positions of which are determined according to the radar measurement points; wherein, a plurality of radar measurement points are arranged on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the roadheader; the radar is configured to detect whether there are geological anomalies under the surface of the area to be constructed by using the detection signal emitted by itself before the roadheader performs the tunneling operation.

[0064] Among them, the effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this system are similar to those of the technical solutions provided in the above method embodiments, and will not be elaborated here.

[0065] Embodiment 6 Embodiment 6 of this application provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor; a computer program that can run on the processor is stored on the memory. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the advanced geological prediction method provided in the above Embodiments 1 to 4 is executed.

[0066] Among them, as Figure 10 shown, an exemplary electronic device of this embodiment is exhibited, which may specifically include a processor 1510, a video display adapter 1511, a disk drive 1512, an input / output interface 1513, a network interface 1514, and a memory 1520. The above processor 1510, video display adapter 1511, disk drive 1512, input / output interface 1513, network interface 1514, and the memory 1520 can be communicatively connected through a communication bus 1530.

[0067] Among them, the processor 1510 can be implemented in ways such as a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in this application.

[0068] The memory 1520 can be implemented in forms such as a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1520 can store an operating system 1521 for controlling the operation of the computer device, and a basic input / output system 1522 for controlling the low-level operations of the computer device. In addition, a web browser 1523, a data storage management system 1524, a device identification information processing system 1525, etc. can also be stored. The above device identification information processing system 1525 can be the application program that specifically implements the operations of the foregoing steps in the embodiments of this application. In short, when implementing the technical solutions provided in this application through software or firmware, the relevant program codes are stored in the memory 1520 and called and executed by the processor 1510.

[0069] The input / output interface 1513 is used to connect to the input / output module to achieve information input and output. The input / output module can be configured as a component in the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. Among them, the input devices can include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, microphones, various sensors, etc., and the output devices can include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0070] The network interface 1514 is used to connect to the communication module (not shown in the figure) to achieve communication and interaction between this device and other devices. Among them, the communication module can achieve communication through wired means (such as USB, network cable, etc.) or through wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0071] The communication bus 1530 includes a path for transmitting information between various components of the device (such as the processor 1510, video display adapter 1511, disk drive 1512, input / output interface 1513, network interface 1514, and memory 1520).

[0072] In addition, the device can also obtain information on specific collection conditions from the conditional information database of the virtual resource object for conditional judgment, etc.

[0073] It should be noted that although the above device only shows the processor 1510, video display adapter 1511, disk drive 1512, input / output interface 1513, network interface 1514, memory 1520, communication bus 1530, etc., in the specific implementation process, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that the above device may also only include the components necessary to implement the solution of the present application, and does not necessarily include all the components shown in the figure.

[0074] Embodiment 7 Embodiment 7 of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed, it implements the advanced geological prediction method provided in the above Embodiments 1 to 4.

[0075] From the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product can be stored in a storage medium such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disc, etc., and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of various embodiments or certain parts of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0076] The above has introduced the technical solution provided by this application in detail. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of this application; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to this application.

Claims

1. An advanced geological prediction method, characterized in that, Including: Arranging a plurality of radar measurement points on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment for installing radars; Before the tunneling equipment performs tunneling operations, using the radars to detect whether there are geological anomaly bodies under the surface of the area to be constructed, including: Obtaining detection signals emitted by the radars at different installation positions; Projecting all the detection signals onto the area to be detected under the surface to detect whether there are geological anomaly bodies in the area to be detected.

2. The advanced geological prediction method according to claim 1, wherein The operation plan of the tunneling equipment is formulated based on the following factors: Tunneling route; tunneling direction; tunneling progress.

3. The advanced geological prediction method according to claim 2, wherein Arranging a plurality of radar measurement points on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment includes: Arranging some of the radar measurement points in front of the heading face along the tunneling direction of the tunneling equipment, and keeping at least a first preset distance between the radar measurement points and the heading face; The construction project corresponding to the area to be constructed includes a tunnel; arranging some of the radar measurement points on both sides of the sidewall of the tunnel along the direction perpendicular to the tunneling direction of the tunneling equipment, and keeping at least a second preset distance between the radar measurement points on each side and the sidewall of the tunnel corresponding to them.

4. The advanced geological prediction method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein The method for determining the tunneling route includes: Compiling a geological exploration report according to the geological environment of the area to be constructed; Screening out risk areas that do not meet the preset conditions in the area to be constructed according to the geological exploration report; Determining the types of geological anomaly bodies expected to appear in the risk areas according to the geological conditions of the risk areas; Determining the risk levels and influence ranges of the risk areas according to the types of geological anomaly bodies expected to appear; Formulating the tunneling route of the tunneling equipment in the area to be constructed according to the risk levels, the influence ranges and the geological conditions of the area to be constructed.

5. The advanced geological prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that It also includes: If it is detected that there are the geological anomaly bodies, analyzing the types and scales of the geological anomaly bodies, adjusting the tunneling parameters of the tunneling equipment according to the types and scales of the geological anomaly bodies, and / or performing preset advanced treatment measures on the geological anomaly bodies and the geology within a preset range around them according to the types and scales of the geological anomaly bodies.

6. The advanced geological prediction method according to claim 5, wherein The tunneling parameters include at least one of the following: Cutter head rotation speed; Cutter head torque; Tool hardness; propulsion speed; thrust; penetration; The preset advanced treatment measures include: Advanced pipe shed grouting measures or advanced pilot tunnel measures.

7. The advanced geological prediction method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 5 or 6, wherein The geological anomaly bodies include at least one of the following: Broken rock mass; formation mutation; sudden change of groundwater level; void; karst cave.

8. The advanced geological prediction method according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes: Determining the preset quality of the detection signals of the radars according to the parameters of the surface of the area to be constructed and the parameters of the tunnel. Adjust the detection time of the radar in the area to be constructed, and / or adjust the center frequency of the antenna of the radar, and / or adjust the transmission power of the antenna of the radar, and / or adjust the number of superpositions of the detection signals of the radar, so that the quality of the detection signals of the radar meets the preset quality; and / or, The detection parameters of the radar include: Detection depth and resolution.

9. An advanced geological prediction system for implementing the advanced geological prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, including: Tunneling equipment; A plurality of radars, the installation positions of which are determined according to the radar measurement points; wherein, a plurality of the radar measurement points are arranged on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment; The radar is configured to detect whether there are geological anomalies under the surface of the area to be constructed before the tunneling equipment performs the tunneling operation.

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