Pleurotus nebrodensis planting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mushroom planting, and particularly relates to a pleurotus nebrodensis planting method which comprises the following steps: mixing raw materials of a pleurotus nebrodensis culture medium in parts by weight: 70-85 parts of cottonseed hulls, 5-15 parts of bran and 3-8 parts of corn flour, adding water to enable the water content of the culture medium to be 60%-65%, and uniformly stirring; filling the culture medium into a fungus bag to prepare a cultivation fungus stick; performing high-pressure sterilization on the cultivation mushroom sticks; inoculating the cultivation mushroom sticks in a sterile room; moving the cultivation mushroom sticks into a spawn running room to culture hyphae; after the bags are full of hyphae in the cultivation mushroom sticks, the cultivation mushroom sticks are moved into a growth chamber, buds are thinned after fruiting, and 1-2 mushroom bodies are reserved; after the mushroom bodies are mature, harvesting the mushroom bodies; according to the planting method, the quality and yield of pleurotus nebrodensis can be effectively improved, accumulation of toxins in the culture medium can be reduced, recycling of the culture medium is facilitated, and the production cost of farmer households is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of Pleurotus nebrodensis. Background Art

[0002] Pleurotus nebrodensis is a rare edible and medicinal mushroom. Due to its unique taste and rich nutritional value, it is highly favored in the market. However, Pleurotus nebrodensis has strict requirements for the nutrients of the culture medium and the growth environment. Once there is nutrient imbalance or improper management technology, it may lead to uneven growth of the mushroom bodies and affect the quality. On the other hand, the rhizome of Pleurotus nebrodensis is thick, so the diameter of the bag mouth of the mushroom bag is large. During the period from fruiting to harvesting of Pleurotus nebrodensis, it is necessary to open the bag mouth of the mushroom bag to provide growth space for the mushroom bodies. However, after the bag mouth of the existing mushroom bags is opened, a large area of the surface of the culture medium is exposed to the air, and miscellaneous bacteria in the air easily enter the mushroom bag and colonize and reproduce on the culture medium, which is likely to compete with Pleurotus nebrodensis for nutrients, resulting in restricted growth of Pleurotus nebrodensis. Some miscellaneous bacteria will also secrete toxins in the culture medium. The culture medium with a large amount of toxins not only affects the normal growth of Pleurotus nebrodensis, but also becomes scrapped and cannot be recycled for the cultivation of other fungi, causing waste of the culture medium and high production costs for growers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation method of Pleurotus nebrodensis. By the structure of the mushroom bag and reasonable control of various cultivation steps, it can effectively improve the quality and yield of Pleurotus nebrodensis, reduce the accumulation of toxins in the culture medium, contribute to the recycling of the culture medium, and reduce the production costs of growers.

[0004] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A cultivation method of Pleurotus nebrodensis, characterized by including the following steps:

[0006] S1. Prepare the cultivation mushroom sticks: The raw materials of the Pleurotus nebrodensis culture medium include, by weight, 70 - 85 parts of cottonseed hulls, 5 - 15 parts of wheat bran, and 3 - 8 parts of corn flour. Mix the raw materials of the culture medium and add water to make the water content of the culture medium 60% - 65%. Then, put the culture medium into the mushroom bag to make the cultivation mushroom sticks;

[0007] S2. Sterilization: Subject the cultivation mushroom sticks to high-pressure sterilization and cool them after sterilization;

[0008] S3. Inoculation: Inoculate the cultivation mushroom sticks in a sterile room;

[0009] S4. Spawn running: Move the inoculated cultivation mushroom sticks into the spawn-running room to culture the mycelium. The spawn-running room is kept dark and the temperature is controlled at 18 - 21°C;

[0010] S5. Mushroom body growth and thinning of flower buds: After the mycelia in the cultivation mushroom sticks fill the bags, move the cultivation mushroom sticks into the growth room. Provide diffused light, ventilation, and an air humidity of 70%-90% in the growth room, and control the room temperature at 0-20°C. After mushrooms grow on the cultivation mushroom sticks, thin the flower buds to 1-2 mushroom bodies.

[0011] S6. Harvesting: Harvest the mushroom bodies after they mature.

[0012] In step S1, the raw materials of the culture medium include, by weight, 80 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of wheat bran, and 5 parts of corn flour. The water content of the culture medium is 62%.

[0013] In step S2, perform high-pressure sterilization on the cultivation mushroom sticks at 110-126°C and a pressure of 0.1-0.18 MPa for 1.5-2 hours, and then cool the cultivation mushroom sticks to below 25°C.

[0014] In the said step S4, there is a display rack in the spawn-running room. Place the cultivation mushroom sticks on the shelves of the display rack for stacking. Keep a distance of 8-20 cm between the cultivation mushroom sticks and the upper shelf. The said shelf is a mesh plate.

[0015] In the said step S5, thinning the flower buds leaves 1 mushroom body on the cultivation mushroom stick.

[0016] There is a bottle mouth ring at the bag mouth of the mushroom bag. The bottle mouth ring forms a snap fit with the first bottle cap. There is also a film ring in the mushroom bag. The culture medium, the film ring, and the first bottle cap are arranged in sequence along the growth direction of the mushroom body. The film ring is connected to the inner wall of the mushroom bag. The inner hole on the film ring forms an inoculation growth channel.

[0017] There is a set of break cutting lines on the film ring. The break cutting lines are respectively arranged radially along the film ring and penetrate the film ring.

[0018] There is an inoculation sleeve on the first bottle cap. The outer end of the inoculation sleeve forms a snap fit with the second bottle cap. The outer diameter of the inoculation sleeve is smaller than the diameter of the bottle mouth ring. In step S3, remove the second bottle cap and put the spawn into the mushroom bag along the inoculation sleeve for inoculation. After inoculation, snap the second bottle cap onto the inoculation sleeve. In the said step S5, remove the first bottle cap and wait for the mushrooms to grow.

[0019] The inoculation sleeve is coaxially arranged with the inoculation growth channel.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] The present invention provides sufficient and comprehensive nutrition for the growth of Pleurotus nebrodensis by means of the raw material ratio of the culture medium; and enables the culture medium in the cultivation stick to form a good pore structure, ensuring the smooth entry of oxygen into the interior of the culture medium to meet the growth requirements of the mycelium. At the same time, it is convenient for the carbon dioxide in the culture medium to be discharged, reducing the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the mushroom bag. It can also absorb and retain an appropriate amount of moisture, avoiding the rapid evaporation of moisture and slowly releasing moisture for Pleurotus nebrodensis to absorb, providing favorable conditions for the growth and development of Pleurotus nebrodensis;

[0022] The scattered light and fresh air in the growth room are beneficial to the growth of the Pleurotus nebrodensis mushroom body. The humidity of 85%-90% in the room provides the necessary moisture conditions for the growth of the mushroom body, promoting the hypertrophy and development of the mushroom body. Combined with the low-temperature and variable-temperature stimulation in the temperature range of 0-20°C, it promotes the transfer of the vegetative growth of the mycelium to reproductive growth. After the mushroom body appears, maintaining the room temperature at 15-18°C makes the Pleurotus nebrodensis mushroom body grow robustly and improves the quality of Pleurotus nebrodensis; and thinning the buds is to remove the weaker mushroom bodies and retain the robust mushroom bodies, providing concentrated nutrient supply to the retained mushroom bodies, providing sufficient nutrients and growth space for the mushroom bodies, and further improving the quality of Pleurotus nebrodensis;

[0023] A thin film ring is provided on the mushroom bag, and the thin film ring blocks the surface of the culture medium in the mushroom bag, reducing the area of the culture medium exposed to the air. The aperture of the inner hole of the thin film ring will also increase with the thickening of the mushroom stalk of Pleurotus nebrodensis under the action of the break cutting line, effectively preventing the culture medium from being exposed to the air for a long time and in a large area and being infected by miscellaneous bacteria, which affects the quality of Pleurotus nebrodensis. It can also reduce the accumulation of toxins in the culture medium caused by the infection of miscellaneous bacteria. After the Pleurotus nebrodensis is harvested, the culture medium can be recycled and used for the cultivation of other fungi, effectively improving the utilization rate of the culture medium. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is the method step diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the display rack;

[0026] Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the cultivation stick;

[0027] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the enlarged schematic diagram of the partial A in

[0028] Figure 5 is the assembly schematic diagram of the thin film ring and the mounting ring;

[0029] In the drawings, 1, mushroom bag; 2, display rack; 3, shelf board; 4, bottle mouth ring; 5, first bottle cap; 6, inoculation sleeve; 7, second bottle cap; 8, mounting ring; 9, thin film ring; 901, inner hole; 902, break cutting line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0031] Specific embodiments are as Figure 1 shown. The present invention relates to a method for cultivating Pleurotus nebrodensis, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1. Prepare the cultivation fungus sticks: The raw materials of the Pleurotus nebrodensis culture medium include, by weight, 80 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of wheat bran, and 5 parts of corn flour. The raw materials of the culture medium are mixed and water is added to make the water content of the culture medium 62%, and the pH of the culture medium is adjusted to 5.5 - 6.5, preferably the pH of the culture medium is 6. The method for adjusting the pH is the same as that for adjusting the pH of ordinary mushroom culture media; subsequently, the culture medium is filled into the fungus bag 1 to make the cultivation fungus sticks; using cottonseed hulls as the main raw material, cottonseed hulls are rich in carbon sources such as cellulose and lignin, and at the same time contain certain amounts of nutrients such as protein, minerals, and vitamins; wheat bran provides nutrients such as nitrogen sources and vitamins for Pleurotus nebrodensis; corn flour is used to increase the sugar and protein content of the culture medium; various raw materials provide sufficient and comprehensive nutrition for the growth of Pleurotus nebrodensis; more importantly, through the ratio of the raw materials of cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, and corn flour, a good pore structure is formed in the culture medium of the cultivation fungus sticks, ensuring that oxygen can smoothly enter the interior of the culture medium to meet the growth requirements of the mycelium, and at the same time facilitating the discharge of carbon dioxide in the culture medium, reducing the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the fungus bag 1, and also being able to absorb and retain an appropriate amount of water, avoiding the rapid evaporation of water and slowly releasing water for Pleurotus nebrodensis to absorb, providing favorable conditions for the growth and development of Pleurotus nebrodensis.

[0033] As Figure 3 shown, a bottle mouth ring 4 and a first bottle cap 5 are provided on the fungus bag 1.

[0034] The culture medium is filled into the fungus bag 1 along the bag mouth of the fungus bag 1. Subsequently, the bottle mouth ring 4 is installed on the outside of the bag mouth of the fungus bag 1 to fix the bag mouth. The bag body at the bag mouth of the fungus bag 1 is turned outwards along the upper end of the bottle mouth ring 4. Finally, the first bottle cap 5 is buckled on the bottle mouth ring 4, and the first bottle cap 5 and the bottle mouth ring 4 form a squeezing and clamping on the bag body of the fungus bag 1 to complete the production of the cultivation fungus sticks. An inoculation sleeve 6 is provided on the first bottle cap 5. The outer end of the inoculation sleeve 6 is buckled with a second bottle cap 7. The outer diameter of the inoculation sleeve 6 is smaller than the diameter of the bottle mouth ring 4.

[0035] Furthermore, as Figure 3-4As shown, a film ring 9 is also provided on the mushroom bag 1. The film ring 9 is preset on the inner wall of the mounting ring 8. After the bottle mouth ring 4 is installed on the mushroom bag 1, the mounting ring 8 is placed into the mushroom bag 1 along the bottle mouth ring 4. The mounting ring 8 and the bottle mouth ring 4 clamp and adhesively fix the bag body of the mushroom bag 1. The film ring 9 and the first bottle cap 5 are arranged in sequence along the growth direction of the mushroom body. The film ring 9 is connected to the inner wall of the mushroom bag 1 by means of the mounting ring 8. The inner hole 901 on the film ring 9 forms an inoculation growth channel. The inoculation sleeve 6 is coaxially arranged with the inoculation growth channel.

[0036] S2. Sterilization: Maintain for 1.5 - 2 hours under the conditions of 110 - 126 °C and 0.1 - 0.18 MPa pressure to complete the high-pressure sterilization of the cultivation mushroom sticks, and then cool the cultivation mushroom sticks to below 25 °C; High-pressure sterilization can kill the miscellaneous bacteria and pests in the cultivation mushroom sticks, create a sterile environment for the growth of Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelium, and improve the cultivation success rate.

[0037] S3. Inoculation: In the sterile room, take out the strains from the secondary strain mushroom sticks, open the second bottle cap 7 on the cultivation mushroom sticks, send the strains into the mushroom bag 1 along the inoculation sleeve 6 and the inoculation growth channel to contact with the culture medium, and then buckle the second bottle cap 7 on the inoculation sleeve 6 to complete the inoculation of the cultivation mushroom sticks. When inoculating, only open the second bottle cap 7 with a smaller diameter, reduce the exposed area of the culture medium in the mushroom bag 1, and reduce the risk of being infected by miscellaneous bacteria.

[0038] S4. Mycelium incubation: Move the inoculated cultivation mushroom sticks into the mycelium incubation room to cultivate the mycelium. Display racks 2 are arranged at intervals in the mycelium incubation room. Place the cultivation mushroom sticks on the shelves 3 of the display racks 2 for stacking to improve the utilization rate of space. A distance of 20 cm is reserved between the cultivation mushroom sticks and the upper shelf 3. As Figure 2 shown, the shelf 3 is a mesh plate. The mesh plate is conducive to air circulation, provides sufficient oxygen for the growth of the mycelium, and is also convenient for heat dissipation, preventing the cultivation mushroom sticks from being affected by excessive temperature and affecting the growth of the mycelium; The distance between the cultivation mushroom sticks and the shelf 3 can ensure smooth air circulation, further providing good ventilation and heat dissipation conditions for the cultivation mushroom sticks; Keep the light off in the mycelium incubation room and control the temperature at 19 °C. Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelium grows well in the dark. The room temperature combined with the biological heat generated during the mycelium growth process of the cultivation mushroom sticks keeps the temperature in the stacked cultivation mushroom sticks at an appropriate temperature, which can promote the rapid growth and metabolism of Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelium;

[0039] S5. Mushroom body growth and thinning of buds: After the mycelium in the cultivation mushroom stick fills the bag, move the cultivation mushroom stick into the growth room. Provide diffused light of 800 - 1600 lx during the day in the growth room and ventilate. Keep it completely dark at night. Spray downward from the upper air of the growth room to keep the indoor air humidity at 85% - 90%. The downward spraying method can make the water mist evenly disperse in the growth room under the action of gravity, improve the uniformity of indoor air humidity, and pay attention to ventilation. Remove the first bottle cap 5 and wait for the growth of the mushroom body. In the initial stage when the cultivation mushroom stick is moved into the growth room, maintain a temperature difference stimulation with a daytime temperature not higher than 18°C, a nighttime temperature not lower than 3°C, and a temperature difference of about 10°C between day and night. Primordia appear and differentiate after 10 - 15 days. Then thin the buds. After thinning the buds, keep the room temperature at 15 - 18°C until harvest. The inoculation growth channels on the film ring 9 provide space for the growth of the mushroom body. The setting of the film ring 9 reduces the exposed area of the culture medium in the mushroom bag 1, and the risk of contamination by miscellaneous bacteria is reduced;

[0040] After fruiting, thin the buds so that 1 mushroom body is retained on the cultivation mushroom stick; Preferably, as Figure 3-5 shown, a set of break cutting lines 902 are provided on the film ring 9. The break cutting lines 902 are respectively arranged along the radial direction of the film ring 9 and penetrate the film ring 9; The mushroom body sprouts from the inoculation growth channel. After thinning the buds, as the mushroom body grows and develops; The stalk of the mushroom body swells, and the stalk continuously exerts an outward force on the inner hole 901 of the film ring 9. Since the break cutting lines 902 are provided on the film ring 9, the inner hole 901 of the film ring 9 is gradually expanded during the swelling process of the stalk. The diameter of the inner hole 901 becomes larger as the stalk thickens. This not only does not limit the growth of the mushroom body but also reduces the area of the culture medium in the mushroom bag 1 exposed to the air, effectively preventing the culture medium from being exposed to the air for a long time and in a large area and being contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria, which affects the quality of Pleurotus nebrodensis. It can also reduce the accumulation of toxins in the culture medium caused by contamination by miscellaneous bacteria. After the Pleurotus nebrodensis is harvested, the culture medium can be recycled and used for the cultivation of other fungi, effectively improving the utilization rate of the culture medium.

[0041] The diffused light and fresh air in the growth room are beneficial to the growth of the Pleurotus nebrodensis mushroom body. The indoor air humidity of 85% - 90% provides the necessary moisture conditions for the growth of the mushroom body, promotes the hypertrophy and development of the mushroom body, and combined with the control of the indoor temperature, makes the Pleurotus nebrodensis mushroom body grow strong and improves the quality of Pleurotus nebrodensis; Thinning the buds is to remove the weaker mushroom bodies and retain the strong mushroom bodies, providing concentrated nutrient supply to the retained mushroom bodies, providing sufficient nutrients and growth space for the mushroom bodies, and effectively improving the quality of Pleurotus nebrodensis.

[0042] S6. Harvesting: Harvest the mushroom body after it matures.

[0043] The Pleurotus nebrodensis harvested according to the cultivation method of the present invention is pure white throughout, without variegated colors or spots, and has a round appearance. The quality and yield of Pleurotus nebrodensis have been significantly improved.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Pleurotus nebrodensis, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Prepare cultivation mushroom sticks: The raw materials of the Pleurotus nebrodensis culture medium include, by weight, 70 - 85 parts of cottonseed hulls, 5 - 15 parts of wheat bran, and 3 - 8 parts of corn flour. Mix the raw materials of the culture medium and add water to make the water content of the culture medium 60% - 65%. Then, put the culture medium into the mushroom bag (1) to make cultivation mushroom sticks; S2. Sterilization: Perform high - pressure sterilization on the cultivation mushroom sticks and cool them after sterilization; S3. Inoculation: Inoculate the cultivation mushroom sticks in a sterile room; S4. Mycelium growth: Move the inoculated cultivation mushroom sticks into a mycelium growth room to culture mycelium. The mycelium growth room is light - proof and the temperature is controlled at 18 - 21°C; S5. Mushroom body growth and thinning: After the mycelium in the cultivation mushroom sticks fills the bag, move the cultivation mushroom sticks into a growth room. The growth room is provided with scattered light, ventilation, and the air humidity is 70% - 90%. Control the room temperature at 0 - 20°C. After mushrooms grow on the cultivation mushroom sticks, thin the buds to 1 - 2 mushroom bodies; S6. Harvest: Harvest the mushroom bodies after they are mature.

2. The cultivation method of Pleurotus nebrodensis according to claim 1, wherein: In step S1, the raw materials of the culture medium include, by weight, 80 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of wheat bran, and 5 parts of corn flour, and the water content of the culture medium is 62%.

3. The cultivation method of Pleurotus nebrodensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, perform high - pressure sterilization on the cultivation mushroom sticks under the conditions of 110 - 126°C and 0.1 - 0.18 MPa for 1.5 - 2 hours, and then cool the cultivation mushroom sticks to below 25°C.

4. The cultivation method of Pleurotus nebrodensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, a display rack (2) is arranged in the mycelium growth room. Place the cultivation mushroom sticks on the shelves (3) of the display rack (2) for stacking. There is a distance of 8 - 20 cm reserved between the cultivation mushroom sticks and the upper - layer shelf (3). The shelf (3) is a mesh plate.

5. A cultivation method of Pleurotus nebrodensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, thinning results in 1 mushroom body remaining on the cultivation mushroom sticks.

6. The cultivation method of Pleurotus nebrodensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bottle - mouth ring (4) is arranged at the bag - mouth of the mushroom bag (1). The bottle - mouth ring (4) forms a snap - fit with the first bottle cap (5). A thin - film ring (9) is also arranged in the mushroom bag (1). The culture medium, the thin - film ring (9), and the first bottle cap (5) are arranged in sequence along the growth direction of the mushroom body. The thin - film ring (9) is connected to the inner wall of the mushroom bag (1). The inner hole (901) on the thin - film ring (9) forms an inoculation and growth channel.

7. The cultivation method of Pleurotus nebrodensis according to claim 6, characterized in that: A set of break - point cutting lines (902) is arranged on the thin - film ring (9). The break - point cutting lines (902) are respectively arranged along the radial direction of the thin - film ring (9) and penetrate through the thin - film ring (9).

8. The cultivation method of Pleurotus nebrodensis according to claim 6, characterized in that: An inoculation sleeve (6) is arranged on the first bottle cap (5). The outer end of the inoculation sleeve (6) forms a snap - fit with the second bottle cap (7). The outer diameter of the inoculation sleeve (6) is smaller than the diameter of the bottle - mouth ring (4). In step S3, remove the second bottle cap (7), put the strain into the mushroom bag (1) along the inoculation sleeve (6) for inoculation, and after inoculation, snap the second bottle cap (7) onto the inoculation sleeve (6). In step S5, remove the first bottle cap (5) and wait for mushrooms to grow.

9. A method for cultivating Pleurotus nebrodensis according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inoculation sleeve (6) is coaxially arranged with the inoculation and growth channel.

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