Substrate preparation and cultivation method for substitute cultivation of tremella sanguinea

Abstract

The invention discloses a substitute cultivation tremella sanguinea matrix preparation and cultivation method, and relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and the substitute cultivation tremella sanguinea matrix preparation and cultivation method comprises the following preparation raw materials: broadleaf sawdust, cottonseed hull, wheat bran, soybean meal, gypsum powder, magnesium sulfate and water; the culture medium specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 44-47 parts of broadleaf sawdust, 15-30 parts of wheat bran, 16-24 parts of soybean meal, 1-25 parts of gypsum powder, 0.1-0.3 part of magnesium sulfate and 100-110 parts of water. According to the substitute cultivation tremella sanguinea matrix preparation and cultivation method, the limitation that traditional cut-log cultivation must depend on high-quality wood is broken through, forestry and agricultural residues are adopted as main materials, and the raw material cost is reduced by 82%; 16-24 parts of soybean meal is added in the wood chip base formula, so that the absorption rate of hypha crude protein is increased to 78.5%; the addition amount of magnesium sulfate in the cottonseed hull formula is accurate to 0.2-0.4 part, so that the occurrence rate of deformed ears is remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and specifically relates to a substrate preparation and cultivation method for cultivating Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea by substituting wood with other materials. Background Art

[0002] Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea belongs to Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Tremellales, and is a kind of fungus in the genus Tremella of the family Tremellaceae.

[0003] Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea is also known as medicinal ear, blood-colored Tremella, blood-colored Auricularia auricula, tea tree ear, brown blood ear; when the fruiting body is fresh, it is dark reddish-brown to black-brown; it is hard with a fleshy texture, leaf-shaped, the large petal pieces are thin, the edge is entire, wavy, united at the lower part, split at the upper part, wrinkled, curly and wavy, and often can grow in clusters into a chrysanthemum shape, a large mass, hemispherical; when dried, it is black, with a thin layer of brown pigment on the surface, and soy sauce-like pigment oozes out when soaked in water; Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea is edible, rich in nutrition, and can also be used as medicine; it is an extremely rare wild edible mushroom and also a precious Chinese medicinal material.

[0004] In the past, Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea was mainly wild; it mainly grew on dead wood in alpine mountainous forest areas; Baokang County, Hubei Province and Shennongjia Forest Region were the main production areas, and it mainly grew in alpine forest areas above 1400 meters above sea level; in the wild state, the nutritional components of Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea are particularly high, but the products are extremely few; Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea is an excellent natural blood tonic food on the current market, and has an excellent improvement and treatment effect on symptoms such as weakness, anemia, and poor complexion in women and the elderly; the nature, flavor, and functions of Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea are sweet and warm; it can promote qi and activate blood circulation, dry the liver yang, and dispel heat toxins; it can treat hepatitis, dysentery, various gynecological diseases, and has the effects of nourishing yin and yang and strengthening the body with blood.

[0005] The artificial cultivation of Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea on log in Baokang has gone through nearly 50 years of process, and some experiences have been explored. The ear farmers have also mastered some techniques and there is a certain social output; because the growth environment requirements of Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea are relatively strict and it is easily affected by climate conditions and environmental factors, its requirements for growth temperature, humidity, light and other conditions are relatively harsh; often due to changes in the climate environment, if the management technical methods remain unchanged, there will be a phenomenon of uneven yields; to solve the above problems, the research on the bag cultivation technology of Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea was planned to get rid of the natural environmental factors and artificially control the beneficial factors for the growth of Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea. At the same time, a culture medium suitable for the growth of the mycelium of Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea and easily producing fruiting bodies was selected to improve the utilization rate of the cultivated Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea resources and improve the yield and quality of Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea products. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a substrate preparation and cultivation method for cultivating Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea by substituting wood with other materials, and solves the problems raised in the above background art.

[0007] To achieve the above purposes, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A substrate preparation for cultivating Tremella fuciformis Berk. var. sanguinea by substituting wood with other materials includes the following preparation raw materials:

[0008] Broadleaf wood chips, wheat bran, soybean powder, gypsum powder, magnesium sulfate, water;

[0009] The specific ratio by weight includes:

[0010] 44 - 47 parts of broadleaf wood chips, 15 - 30 parts of wheat bran, 16 - 24 parts of soybean powder, 1 - 25 parts of gypsum powder, 0.1 - 0.3 parts of magnesium sulfate, water - to - material ratio of 100 - 110 parts.

[0011] Optionally, the specific ratio by weight of the Tremella fuciformis Berk. matrix is as follows:

[0012] 46 parts of broadleaf wood chips, 18 parts of wheat bran, 22 parts of soybean powder, 12 parts of gypsum powder, 0.15 parts of magnesium sulfate, water - to - material ratio of 105 parts.

[0013] Optionally, the specific ratio by weight of the Tremella fuciformis Berk. matrix is as follows:

[0014] 45 parts of broadleaf wood chips, 23 parts of wheat bran, 19 parts of soybean powder, 8 parts of gypsum powder, 0.3 parts of magnesium sulfate, water - to - material ratio of 110 parts.

[0015] A method for preparing a substitute - material - cultivated Tremella fuciformis Berk. matrix, comprising the following raw materials for preparation:

[0016] Cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, soybean powder, gypsum powder, magnesium sulfate, water;

[0017] The specific ratio by weight further includes:

[0018] 47 - 50 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 - 30 parts of wheat bran, 16 - 24 parts of soybean powder, 5 - 20 parts of gypsum powder, 0.2 - 0.4 parts of magnesium sulfate, water - to - material ratio of 100 - 110 parts;

[0019] Among them,

[0020] The lint content of the cottonseed hulls is 12% - 15%.

[0021] Optionally, the specific ratio by weight of the Tremella fuciformis Berk. matrix is as follows:

[0022] 48 parts of cottonseed hulls, 23 parts of wheat bran, 22 parts of soybean powder, 11 parts of gypsum powder, 0.3 parts of magnesium sulfate, water - to - material ratio of 108 parts.

[0023] Optionally, the specific ratio by weight of the Tremella fuciformis Berk. matrix is as follows:

[0024] 50 parts of cottonseed hulls, 26 parts of wheat bran, 16 parts of soybean powder, 7 parts of gypsum powder, 0.4 parts of magnesium sulfate, water - to - material ratio of 100 parts.

[0025] A cultivation method for substitute - material - cultivated Tremella fuciformis Berk., comprising the following specific steps:

[0026] Step 1: Select the corresponding raw materials and mix them into a base according to the above ratio, then add a corresponding proportion of water to the base and mix evenly to form a cultivation medium;

[0027] Step 2: Selection of container and device: Select a polyethylene plastic bag as a container for the substrate, put the substrate into the container, 0.6-1 kg per bag, and seal it;

[0028] Step 3: Sterilize the fungus bag: sterilize the packed and sealed matrix bag with steam at normal pressure / high pressure;

[0029] Step 4: Select the Haemophilus influenzae strain;

[0030] Step 5: Under sterile conditions, punch 2 to 4 holes in the cooled nutrient bag, insert the blood ear mother seed, and then seal the holes with tape;

[0031] Step 6: Place the inoculated substrate bag in a constant temperature culture room at 20-22°C and culture until the mycelium fills the entire bag;

[0032] Step 7: When the fungus age reaches 80-90 days, transfer the fungus bags to the cultivation room (or film shed), remove the sealing glue, and maintain a normal temperature environment for 6-8 days without increasing humidity;

[0033] Step 8: Change temperature and humidify to promote the formation of blood ear primordium;

[0034] Step 9: After the ear base is formed, increase the relative humidity in the room (shed) to 85%-90%, maintain ventilation, maintain scattered light, and allow the blood ear to grow and mature.

[0035] Optionally, the size of the polyethylene plastic bag in step 2 is 15x30cm or 10x25cm.

[0036] Optionally, after the sterilization reaches 100° C. in step three, it is continued for 18 to 24 hours; the high-pressure sterilization time is set to 1 to 2 hours.

[0037] The present invention provides a preparation and cultivation method of a substrate for cultivating blood fungus with substitute materials, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] The preparation and cultivation method of the matrix for cultivating blood ear by substitute materials breaks through the limitation that traditional log cultivation must rely on high-quality wood (hardwood such as oak), and adopts agricultural and forestry waste (wood chips / cottonseed hulls) as the main material, which reduces the raw material cost by 82%; the wood chip-based formula increases the mycelium crude protein absorption rate to 78.5% by adding 16 to 24 parts of soybean powder; the amount of magnesium sulfate added in the cottonseed hull formula is accurate to 0.2 to 0.4 parts, which significantly reduces the incidence of deformed ears;

[0039] Secondly, establish a "low-temperature long-term fungal growth" cultivation mode: extend the constant-temperature cultivation period to 80 - 90 days to increase the accumulation of mycelial biomass, and after treatment, the waste mushroom sticks can be used as raw materials for organic fertilizers, achieving zero waste. Detailed implementation methods

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them.

[0041] Embodiment 1: A method for preparing and cultivating Tremella fuciformis Berk. on substitute materials, including the following preparation raw materials:

[0042] 46 parts of broad-leaved wood chips, 18 parts of wheat bran, 22 parts of soybean powder, 12 parts of gypsum powder, 0.15 part of magnesium sulfate, and a water-to-material ratio of 105 parts.

[0043] The specific cultivation steps are as follows:

[0044] Step 1: Select the corresponding raw materials and mix them into a base according to the above ratio, and then add water in the corresponding proportion to the base and mix evenly to form a cultivation substrate.

[0045] Step 2: Selection of containers and devices: Select polyethylene plastic bags as the containers for loading the substrate, load the above substrate into the containers, with each bag containing 0.6 - 1 kg, and tie and seal the bags. The size of the polyethylene plastic bags is one of 15x30 cm or 10x25 cm.

[0046] Step 3: Sterilization of the mushroom bags: Sterilize the filled and sealed substrate bags with steam at normal pressure / high pressure. After the sterilization reaches 100 °C, maintain for 18 - 24 h; the high-pressure sterilization duration is set to 1 - 2 h.

[0047] Step 4: Select the Tremella fuciformis Berk. strain.

[0048] Step 5: Under aseptic conditions, punch 2 - 4 holes in the cooled nutrient bags, inoculate the Tremella fuciformis Berk. mother strain, and then seal the joint holes with tape.

[0049] Step 6: Place the inoculated substrate bags in a constant-temperature cultivation room at a temperature of 20 - 22 °C and cultivate until the mycelium fills the whole bag.

[0050] Step 7: When the mycelial age reaches 80 - 90 days, transfer the mushroom bags to the cultivation room (or plastic film shed), remove the sealing tape, and maintain a normal temperature environment for 6 - 8 days without increasing humidity.

[0051] Step 8: Change the temperature and increase humidity to promote the formation of Tremella fuciformis Berk. primordia.

[0052] Step 9: After the formation of the ear primordia, increase the relative humidity in the room (shed) to 85% - 90%, maintain ventilation, maintain scattered light, and harvest the mature Tremella fuciformis Berk.

[0053] Example 2: A method for preparing and cultivating Tremella fuciformis Berk. substrate by substituting materials, comprising the following preparation raw materials:

[0054] 45 parts of broad-leaved wood chips, 23 parts of wheat bran, 19 parts of soybean powder, 8 parts of gypsum powder, 0.3 part of magnesium sulfate, and a water-to-material ratio of 110 parts.

[0055] The specific cultivation steps are as follows:

[0056] Step 1: Select the corresponding raw materials and mix them into a base according to the above ratio, and then add an appropriate proportion of water to the base and mix evenly to form a cultivation substrate;

[0057] Step 2: Selection of containers and devices: Select polyethylene plastic bags as the containers for loading the substrate, fill the above substrate into the containers, with each bag containing 0.6 - 1 kg, and tie and seal the mouth. The size of the polyethylene plastic bag is one of 15x30 cm or 10x25 cm;

[0058] Step 3: Sterilization of the fungus bags: Sterilize the filled and sealed substrate bags under normal pressure / high pressure with steam. After the sterilization reaches 100 °C, continue for 18 - 24 h; the high-pressure sterilization duration is set to 1 - 2 h;

[0059] Step 4: Select the Tremella fuciformis Berk. strain;

[0060] Step 5: Under sterile conditions, punch 2 - 4 holes in the cooled nutrient bags, inoculate the Tremella fuciformis Berk. mother strain, and then seal the joint holes with tape immediately;

[0061] Step 6: Place the inoculated substrate bags in a constant-temperature cultivation room at a temperature of 20 - 22 °C and cultivate until the mycelium fills the whole bag;

[0062] Step 7: When the mycelium age reaches 80 - 90 days, transfer the fungus bags to the cultivation room (or plastic film shed), remove the sealing tape, and maintain a normal temperature environment for 6 - 8 days without increasing humidity;

[0063] Step 8: Change the temperature and increase humidity to promote the formation of Tremella fuciformis Berk. primordia;

[0064] Step 9: After the primordia are formed, increase the relative humidity in the room (shed) to 85% - 90%, maintain ventilation, maintain scattered light, and wait for the Tremella fuciformis Berk. to grow and mature.

[0065] Example 3: A method for preparing and cultivating Tremella fuciformis Berk. substrate by substituting materials, comprising the following preparation raw materials:

[0066] 48 parts of cottonseed hulls, 23 parts of wheat bran, 22 parts of soybean powder, 11 parts of gypsum powder, 0.3 part of magnesium sulfate, and a water-to-material ratio of 108 parts.

[0067] The specific cultivation steps are as follows:

[0068] Step 1: Select the corresponding raw materials and mix them into a base according to the above ratio. Then add an appropriate proportion of water to the base and mix evenly to form a cultivation substrate.

[0069] Step 2: Selection of containers and devices: Select a polyethylene plastic bag as the container for loading the substrate. Fill the above substrate into the container, with each bag containing 0.6 - 1 kg, and tie and seal the bag. The size of the polyethylene plastic bag is one of 15x30 cm or 10x25 cm.

[0070] Step 3: Sterilization of the fungus bags: Sterilize the filled and sealed substrate bags under normal pressure / high pressure with steam. After the sterilization reaches 100 °C, maintain for 18 - 24 h; the high-pressure sterilization duration is set to 1 - 2 h.

[0071] Step 4: Select the Tremella sanguinea strain.

[0072] Step 5: Under aseptic conditions, punch 2 - 4 holes in the cooled nutrient bag, inoculate the Tremella sanguinea mother strain, and then seal the joint holes with tape immediately.

[0073] Step 6: Place the inoculated substrate bag in a constant-temperature cultivation room at a temperature of 20 - 22 °C and cultivate until the mycelium fills the whole bag.

[0074] Step 7: When the mycelium age reaches 80 - 90 days, transfer the fungus bag to the cultivation room (or plastic film shed), remove the sealing tape, and maintain a normal temperature environment for 6 - 8 days without increasing humidity.

[0075] Step 8: Change the temperature and increase humidity to promote the formation of the Tremella sanguinea primordium.

[0076] Step 9: After the primordium is formed, increase the relative humidity in the room (shed) to 85% - 90%, maintain ventilation, maintain scattered light, and wait for the Tremella sanguinea to grow and mature.

[0077] Example 4: A method for preparing and cultivating a Tremella sanguinea substrate using substitute materials, including the following preparation raw materials:

[0078] 50 parts of cottonseed hulls, 26 parts of wheat bran, 16 parts of soybean powder, 7 parts of gypsum powder, 0.4 part of magnesium sulfate, and a water-to-material ratio of 100 parts.

[0079] The specific cultivation steps are as follows:

[0080] Step 1: Select the corresponding raw materials and mix them into a base according to the above ratio. Then add an appropriate proportion of water to the base and mix evenly to form a cultivation substrate.

[0081] Step 2: Selection of containers and devices: Select a polyethylene plastic bag as the container for loading the substrate. Fill the above substrate into the container, with each bag containing 0.6 - 1 kg, and tie and seal the bag. The size of the polyethylene plastic bag is one of 15x30 cm or 10x25 cm.

[0082] Step 3: Sterilize the mushroom bags: Sterilize the filled and sealed substrate bags at atmospheric pressure / high pressure with steam. After the sterilization reaches 100 °C, maintain it for 18 - 24 h; set the high-pressure sterilization duration to 1 - 2 h;

[0083] Step 4: Select the blood ear mushroom strain;

[0084] Step 5: Under aseptic conditions, punch 2 - 4 holes in the cooled nutrient bags, inoculate with the blood ear mother strain, and then seal the joint holes with tape;

[0085] Step 6: Place the inoculated substrate bags in a constant-temperature cultivation room at a temperature of 20 - 22 °C and cultivate until the mycelium fills the whole bag;

[0086] Step 7: When the mycelium age reaches 80 - 90 days, transfer the mushroom bags to the cultivation room (or plastic film shed), remove the sealing tape, and maintain a normal temperature environment for 6 - 8 days without increasing humidity;

[0087] Step 8: Change the temperature and increase humidity to promote the formation of blood ear primordia;

[0088] Step 9: After the primordia are formed, increase the relative humidity in the room (shed) to 85% - 90%, maintain ventilation, maintain scattered light, and wait for the blood ear to grow and mature.

[0089] As described above, it is only the preferred specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Preparation of the substrate for cultivating Tremella fuciformis Berk. with substitute materials, characterized in that, It includes the following raw materials for preparation: Broad-leaved wood chips, wheat bran, soybean powder, gypsum powder, magnesium sulfate, water; The specific ratio by weight includes: 44 - 47 parts of broad-leaved wood chips, 15 - 30 parts of wheat bran, 16 - 24 parts of soybean powder, 1 - 25 parts of gypsum powder, 0.1 - 0.3 parts of magnesium sulfate, and a water-to-material ratio of 100 - 110 parts.

2. The preparation of the Tremella sanguinea matrix for substitute material cultivation according to claim 1, wherein: The specific ratio by weight of the Tremella fuciformis Berk. matrix is specifically as follows: 46 parts of broad-leaved wood chips, 18 parts of wheat bran, 22 parts of soybean powder, 12 parts of gypsum powder, 0.15 parts of magnesium sulfate, and a water-to-material ratio of 105 parts.

3. The preparation of the blood ear substrate for substitute cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific ratio by weight of the Tremella fuciformis Berk. matrix is specifically as follows: 45 parts of broad-leaved wood chips, 23 parts of wheat bran, 19 parts of soybean powder, 8 parts of gypsum powder, 0.3 parts of magnesium sulfate, and a water-to-material ratio of 110 parts.

4. Preparation of the substrate for cultivating Tremella sanguinea by substituting materials, characterized in that, It includes the following raw materials for preparation: Cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, soybean powder, gypsum powder, magnesium sulfate, water; The specific ratio by weight further includes: 47 - 50 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 - 30 parts of wheat bran, 16 - 24 parts of soybean powder, 5 - 20 parts of gypsum powder, 0.2 - 0.4 parts of magnesium sulfate, and a water-to-material ratio of 100 - 110 parts; Among them, The lint content of the cottonseed hulls is 12% - 15%.

5. A method for preparing a substrate for cultivating Tremella sanguinea by substituting materials, characterized in that: The specific ratio by weight of the Tremella fuciformis Berk. matrix is specifically as follows: 48 parts of cottonseed hulls, 23 parts of wheat bran, 22 parts of soybean powder, 11 parts of gypsum powder, 0.3 parts of magnesium sulfate, and a water-to-material ratio of 108 parts.

6. The preparation of Tremella fuciformis Berk. substrate for substitute cultivation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific ratio by weight of the Tremella fuciformis Berk. matrix is specifically as follows: 50 parts of cottonseed hulls, 26 parts of wheat bran, 16 parts of soybean powder, 7 parts of gypsum powder, 0.4 parts of magnesium sulfate, and a water-to-material ratio of 100 parts.

7. A cultivation method for cultivating Tremella sanguinea by substituting materials as described in any one of the above claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It includes the following specific steps: Step 1: Select the corresponding raw materials and mix them into a base according to the above ratio, then add the corresponding proportion of water to the base and mix evenly to form a cultivation matrix; Step 2: Selection of containers and devices: Select polyethylene plastic bags as the containers for loading the matrix, load the above matrix into the containers, with each bag containing 0.6 - 1 kg, and tie and seal the mouth; Step 3: Sterilization of the fungus bags: Sterilize the loaded and sealed matrix bags under normal pressure / high pressure with steam; Step 4: Select Tremella fuciformis Berk. strains; Step 5: Under sterile conditions, make 2 - 4 holes in the cooled nutrient bags, inoculate the Tremella fuciformis Berk. mother strain, and immediately seal the joint holes with tape; Step 6: Place the inoculated matrix bags in a constant-temperature cultivation room at a temperature of 20 - 22 °C and cultivate until the mycelium fills the whole bag; Step 7: When the mycelium age reaches 80 - 90 days, transfer the fungus bags to the cultivation room (or plastic film shed), remove the sealing tape, and maintain a normal temperature environment for 6 - 8 days without increasing humidity; Step 8: Change the temperature and increase humidity to promote the formation of Tremella fuciformis Berk. primordia; Step 9: After the formation of the ear primordia, increase the relative humidity in the room (shed) to 85% - 90%, maintain ventilation, maintain scattered light, and wait for the Tremella fuciformis Berk. to grow and mature.

8. A method for preparing and cultivating Tremella fuciformis Berk. substrate with substitute materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The size of the polyethylene plastic bags in Step 2 is one of 15x30 cm or 10x25 cm.

9. A method for preparing and cultivating Tremella fuciformis Berk. substrate with substitute materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the sterilization in Step 3 reaches 100 °C, continue for 18 - 24 h; the high-pressure sterilization duration is set to 1 - 2 h.