Biomass-based interface water evaporation material, preparation method and application thereof, and water evaporation device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of biomass resource utilization and solar water evaporation materials, and discloses an interface water evaporation material based on biomass, a preparation method and application of the interface water evaporation material and a water evaporation device. The preparation method comprises the following steps that a biomass material is used as a raw material, pretreatment is conducted, the surface of the biomass material is coated with an inflammable substance, the biomass material coated with the inflammable substance is obtained, then surface carbonization treatment is conducted, and the biomass-based interface water evaporation material is obtained. The carbonization treatment temperature is 1300 to 1800 DEG C, and the treatment time is 5 to 20 seconds. The preparation method of the interface water evaporation material is simple, raw materials are easy to obtain, and the interface water evaporation material is suitable for obtaining water during field operation. The obtained water evaporation device is easy to assemble, the water evaporation rate is 1-6.31 kg m <-2 > h <-1 >, the water evaporation efficiency is higher than 80%, and the water evaporation device has wide application prospects in outdoor or field water purification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of biomass resource utilization and solar water evaporation materials, and specifically relates to a biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material and its preparation method and application, and a water evaporation device. Background Art

[0002] In outdoor activities, it is very important to ensure the safety and cleanliness of drinking water. Common methods and devices for helping outdoor personnel obtain clean drinking water are as follows: (1) Water filters and water purifiers: For example, portable water filters: Such devices can remove bacteria, parasites, and some viruses from water. Additionally, there are pump-type and gravity-type water purifiers: Water is pumped manually or through the action of gravity through a filter to purify the water source, which is suitable for large-scale water use and camp use. (2) Chemical treatment: Chemical substances such as iodine tablets and chlorine tablets can kill bacteria and viruses in water. (3) Boiling: Boiling water for 1 - 3 minutes can effectively kill most pathogens. (4) Solar distillers: Utilize solar energy to evaporate water and then condense it.

[0003] Among them, solar distillers use solar energy as the energy source, without the need for electricity or fuel, which is environmentally friendly and sustainable, and can effectively remove impurities and pollutants in water to provide safe drinking water. It is simple to operate and convenient to maintain, and is especially suitable for use in outdoor and wilderness environments, providing a reliable water purification solution for hiking, camping, emergency rescue, and remote areas. Although the application of solar distillers in outdoor or wilderness water purification has many advantages, it also faces some bottlenecks and challenges. The biggest challenge is the large volume and inconvenient carrying of the device: (1) Volume and weight: Efficient solar distillers usually require a large heat absorption area and water collection device, with a large volume and heavy weight, which is not convenient for long-distance carrying or hiking. (2) Material durability: Some high-efficiency heat absorption materials and transparent covering materials are easily damaged in harsh outdoor environments, requiring frequent maintenance and replacement, increasing the use cost and inconvenience. CN 109734148 A discloses a biomass carbon material for solar water evaporation. This method requires using waste crops as raw materials, washing, drying, pulverizing, screening, and then performing high-temperature carbonization. This method is more complex, requires pulverizing and screening the raw materials, and limits the screening to obtain biomass powder less than 100 microns. CN115301674A discloses a solar water evaporation material based on sunflower straw pith. This material uses sunflower straw pith as the raw material, constructs a light absorption layer on its surface, and then soaks it in water to obtain. The preparation cycle is long and the cost is high. The above two solar water evaporation materials are not suitable for water purification in outdoor activities.

[0004] Therefore, providing a portable, durable, and excellent evaporation performance interfacial water evaporation material has important significance and broad application prospects in outdoor or wilderness water purification. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art, the primary object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of a biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a water evaporation device.

[0009] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0010] A preparation method of a biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Using a biomass material as a raw material, performing pretreatment, coating a flammable substance on the surface of the biomass material to obtain a biomass material coated with a flammable substance;

[0012] Performing surface carbonization treatment on the biomass material coated with a flammable substance to obtain a biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material.

[0013] Preferably, the biomass material is a leaf, peel or root and rhizome material, which needs to have good water absorption and water conductivity.

[0014] Preferably, the leaf is one or more of reed leaf, palm leaf, bamboo leaf, corn leaf, sugarcane leaf, radish leaf, carrot leaf, beet leaf, sweet potato leaf, cauliflower leaf, broccoli leaf, spinach leaf, bok choy leaf, beet leaf, crown daisy leaf, lettuce leaf, cucumber leaf, pumpkin leaf, bean leaf, watermelon leaf, wax gourd leaf, banana leaf, rubber tree leaf, banana leaf, eucalyptus leaf, banyan leaf;

[0015] The peel is one or more of orange peel, pomelo peel, durian peel, jackfruit peel;

[0016] The root and rhizome material is one or more of reed rhizome, lotus root, sugarcane bagasse, sweet potato tuber, yam, ginger, taro, white radish, carrot, potato, beet root, burdock, aloe, cactus, kudzu root, codonopsis pilosula, angelica sinensis, polygonum multiflorum.

[0017] Preferably, the pretreatment is to wipe the surface of the biomass material to remove dust and impurities on the surface and air dry it naturally;

[0018] When the biomass material is a root and rhizome material, it is cut into thin slices of a certain thickness after pretreatment and then dried.

[0019] Preferably, the drying treatment is natural air drying, drying or baking.

[0020] Preferably, the flammable substance is one or more of animal fat, vegetable oil, paraffin, petroleum, diesel oil, asphalt, and glycerol.

[0021] Preferably, the thickness of the coating is 0.1 - 3 mm.

[0022] Preferably, the surface carbonization treatment is carried out using a high-temperature furnace or a flame sprayer, the treatment temperature is 1300 - 1800 °C, and the treatment time is 5 s - 20 s.

[0023] Preferably, a carbonized layer is obtained after the surface carbonization treatment, and the thickness of the carbonized layer is 1 - 50% of the thickness of the original biomass material.

[0024] Preferably, the carbonized layer should evenly cover the surface of the material to avoid embrittlement of the material caused by over-carbonization, while ensuring that the other side of the material is not affected.

[0025] A biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material is prepared by the above method.

[0026] Preferably, the biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material is a multi-layer composite structure: the upper layer is a hydrophobic photothermal layer for solar absorption and steam overflow, and the lower layer is a hydrophilic porous layer for capillary water transportation and thermal insulation.

[0027] The above-mentioned biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material is applied in outdoor or field water purification.

[0028] A water evaporation device includes the above-mentioned biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material, an annular polystyrene foam ring support, and a water storage container; the biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material covers the annular polystyrene foam ring support and is in direct contact with the water body in the water storage container, and the polystyrene foam ring floats on the water surface of the water storage container or is fixed above the water storage container and higher than the highest water level surface.

[0029] Preferably, the density of the polystyrene foam ring support is 0.01 - 0.05 g / cm 3 , and the thickness is 5 - 20 mm.

[0030] Preferably, the water evaporation device further includes a condensation collection device, and the condensation collection device covers above the interfacial water evaporation material for collecting the fresh water generated by evaporation.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The preparation method is simple and the raw materials are easily available, which is suitable for the acquisition and purification of water during field operations;

[0033] (2) The water evaporation device is easy to assemble and has a high water evaporation efficiency. The water evaporation rate is 1 - 6.31 kg m -2 h -1 , and the water evaporation efficiency is higher than 80%. Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 It is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of a newly picked lotus leaf.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a scanning electron microscope image based on the surface carbonized lotus leaf.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a water evaporation device diagram of the light - heat - water evaporation material based on the lotus leaf.

[0037] Figure 4 It is the surface SEM of the orange peel and the SEM of the surface carbonized orange peel. (a) - (c) are the surface SEM images of the original orange peel, and (d) - (f) are the SEM images of the structure after carbonization by the method of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited thereto. For process parameters not specifically noted, conventional techniques can be referred to.

[0039] Vegetable oils: soybean oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil are all acceptable;

[0040] Animal fats: lard, beef tallow, mutton tallow are all acceptable.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] Take a lotus leaf, wipe the dust on the surface clean, and dry it naturally. Apply paraffin to the leaf surface with a coating thickness of 0.5 mm, and use a butane torch for treatment at a temperature of about 1300 °C for 10 s. The surface of the lotus leaf is carbonized, and the dense film on the surface of the lotus leaf is damaged, while the water - guiding fibers below are not affected, and the interfacial water evaporation material based on the lotus leaf can be obtained.

[0043] Place the prepared material in the middle of a polystyrene (PS) annular foam ring. The thickness of the foam ring is about 1 cm, and the diameter matches the diameter of the test beaker, about 5 cm. Float it on the water surface of the beaker filled with tap water, and use the lotus leaf stalk as the upward drainage medium, and the interfacial water evaporation device based on biomass can be obtained (see Figure 3)。A xenon lamp placed directly above the photothermal evaporator was used as the light source to simulate sunlight. The light intensity of the light source was measured using a light power meter and controlled within the range of 0.985 - 1.014 kW m -2 , that is, within the range of 1 sun. The beaker was placed on an electronic balance connected to a computer that could record data in real time. The evaporation rate of water was recorded in real time through the connection between the balance and the computer, and the surface temperature of the sample was measured using an infrared thermal imager to evaluate the photothermal performance of the material. Among them,

[0044]

[0045] H e = 1.91846×10 6 [T / (T - 33.91] 2 (2)

[0046] Q = c(T - T1) (3)

[0047] Among them, η is the evaporation efficiency of water, v is the evaporation rate of water, and the unit is kg·m -2 ·h -1 , He is the total enthalpy of the liquid-vapor phase change of water, which includes two parts: sensible heat and evaporation enthalpy (h Δvap ). T is the initial temperature of water, T1 is the average temperature at the end of evaporation, Q is the sensible heat of unit mass of water, C is the specific heat capacity of water (4.2 kJ kg -1 K -1 ), E in (kJ m -2 h -1 ) is the energy input of the incident light. All test data were obtained at a room temperature of 26 ± 1°C and a relative humidity of 45 - 55%. In fact, the evaporation rate depends on environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity.

[0048] Figure 1 Figure [ID number] shows the scanning electron microscope image of a freshly picked lotus leaf. It can be seen that there are protrusions on the surface of the material and a smooth surface enamel layer.

[0049] Figure 2 Figure [ID number] shows the scanning electron microscope image of a lotus leaf with a carbonized surface. The enamel layer on the surface has been damaged, forming a black porous structure, which can effectively absorb sunlight and achieve rapid evaporation of water vapor.

[0050] Examples 2 - 8

[0051] Examples 2 - 8 have the same preparation steps as Example 1, except that different leaf materials are selected, as shown in Table 1.

[0052] Table 1

[0053]

[0054] Compared with Example 1, Examples 2-8 are different in that different leaf materials are selected. As can be seen from the table, different leaf materials selected result in significant differences in their photothermal properties, and the lotus leaf has the best photothermal properties.

[0055] Examples 9-16

[0056] Examples 9-16 have the same preparation steps as Example 1, but are different in that different surface coating materials are selected, as shown in Table 2.

[0057] Table 2

[0058]

[0059] Compared with Example 1, Examples 9-16 are different in that different surface coating materials are selected. As can be seen from the table, different surface coating materials result in significant differences in their photothermal properties.

[0060] Examples 17-24

[0061] Examples 17-24 have the same preparation steps as Example 1, but are different in that the coating thickness of the surface coating material is different, as shown in Table 3.

[0062] Table 3

[0063]

[0064] Compared with Example 1, Examples 17-24 are different in that the coating thickness of the lotus leaf surface coating material is different. As can be seen from the table, different coating thicknesses of the lotus leaf surface coating material result in different interfacial water evaporation materials and significant differences in their photothermal properties.

[0065] Examples 25-28

[0066] Examples 25-28 have the same preparation steps as Example 1, but are different in that the spray gun treatment time is different, as shown in Table 4.

[0067] Table 4

[0068]

[0069] Compared with Example 1, Examples 25-28 are different in that the solvothermal reaction temperature and time are different. As can be seen from the table, different solvothermal reaction temperatures and times result in significant differences in their photothermal properties.

[0070] Examples 29-35

[0071] Examples 29-35 have the same preparation steps as Example 1, but are different in that different tuber materials are selected. Wipe the surface dust clean, cut into thin slices of a certain thickness, and dry the surface, as shown in Table 5.

[0072] Table 5

[0073]

[0074] Note: Due to the irregular shape of the tuber material, the surface area of the material is an approximate value.

[0075] Example 36

[0076] The preparation steps of Example 36 are the same as those of Example 1, except that the raw material selected is orange peel.

[0077] Figure 4 For the surface SEM images of orange peel and the SEM images of carbonized orange peel on the surface, as can be seen from Figure 4 it can be seen that Figures (a)-(c) are the surface SEM images of the original orange peel, and it can be seen that its surface is a dense and smooth structure, which is not conducive to the evaporation of water vapor. Figures (d)-(f) are the SEM images of the structure after carbonization by the method of the present invention, and it can be seen that a large number of pores appear on the surface of the orange peel, which is conducive to improving the evaporation rate of light, heat and water.

[0078] The above embodiments are the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Using biomass materials as raw materials, performing pretreatment, coating a flammable substance on the surface of the biomass materials to obtain biomass materials coated with a flammable substance; performing surface carbonization treatment on the biomass materials coated with a flammable substance to obtain a biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material.

2. The preparation method of the biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material according to claim 1, wherein, The biomass materials are leafy, peel, or rhizome materials.

3. The preparation method of the biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material according to claim 2, wherein, The leafy materials are one or more of reed leaves, palm leaves, bamboo leaves, corn leaves, sugarcane leaves, radish leaves, carrot leaves, beet leaves, sweet potato leaves, cauliflower leaves, broccoli leaves, spinach leaves, bok choy leaves, beet leaves, crown daisy leaves, lettuce leaves, cucumber leaves, pumpkin leaves, bean leaves, watermelon leaves, wax gourd leaves, banana leaves, rubber tree leaves, banana leaves, eucalyptus leaves, banyan leaves; The peels are one or more of orange peels, pomelo peels, durian peels, jackfruit peels; The rhizome materials are one or more of reed rhizomes, lotus roots, sugarcane bagasse, sweet potato tubers, yams, ginger, taro, white radishes, carrots, potatoes, beet roots, burdocks, aloes, cacti, kudzu roots, codonopsis pilosulas, angelica sinensis, fleeceflower roots; 4. The preparation method of the biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material according to claim 2, wherein, The pretreatment is to wipe the surface of the biomass materials, remove the dust and impurities on the surface, and perform a drying treatment; When the biomass materials are rhizome materials, after pretreatment, they are cut into thin slices of a certain thickness and then dried.

5. The preparation method of the biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material according to claim 1, wherein, The flammable substance is one or more of animal fats, vegetable oils, paraffin, petroleum, diesel, asphalt, glycerol; The thickness of the coating is 0.1 - 3 mm.

6. The preparation method of the biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface carbonization treatment is to perform carbonization treatment using a high-temperature furnace or a flame sprayer, the treatment temperature is 1300 - 1800 °C, and the treatment time is 5 s - 20 s.

7. The preparation method of the biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material according to claim 6, wherein After the surface carbonization treatment, a carbonized layer is obtained, and the thickness of the carbonized layer is 1 - 50% of the thickness of the original biomass materials.

8. A biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material, characterized in that, Prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 - 7.

9. Application of the interfacial water evaporation material of the biomass according to claim 8 in outdoor or field water purification.

10. A water evaporation device, characterized in that, It includes the biomass-based interfacial water evaporation material according to claim 8, an annular polystyrene foam ring support, and a water storage container; The interfacial water evaporation material of the biomass covers the annular polystyrene foam ring support and is in direct contact with the water body in the water storage container, and the polystyrene foam ring floats on the water surface of the water storage container or is fixed above the water storage container and higher than the highest water level surface.

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