Production device and method of rice husk-based graphene preposed material carbonized rice husk

Abstract

The invention provides a production device and method of rice husk-based graphene preposed material carbonized rice husks, and the device comprises a side shell, an inner container, heat insulation cotton, a discharge pressing plate, a container wall slag removal sheet, a first lifter, a transmission rod, a lifting rotator, a heating roller, a hot roller slag removal sheet, a bottom box, a drawing frame mechanism, a second lifter, a driving mechanism, a driving module, a thermocouple, a heating module and a temperature measurement module. The side shell, the inner container and the heat insulation cotton of the inner container form a furnace body, the top view of the furnace body is a rounded square, a plurality of heating rollers are arranged on one side of the mainframe box and form a heating roller set, the temperature of all positions of the furnace body can be uniform through the heating roller set, the heating rollers, the mainframe box and the base are connected into a whole, and the cross section of each heating roller is oval. The heating roller, the main machine box, the bottom box, the base, the electric heating wire, the heating module and the temperature measuring module form a plug-in type heating mechanism, the plug-in type heating mechanism can move in the horizontal direction under the action of the driving module and the driving mechanism, and the heating roller can be inserted into or pulled out of the furnace body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a production device for biomass carbonized materials, and in particular to a production device and method for carbonizing rice husks, which are graphene precursor materials based on rice husks, belonging to the technical field of biomass utilization. Background Art

[0002] Since the raw materials of traditional graphene preparation technologies mainly rely on imports, and the mainstream technologies use petroleum coke as the carbon source, with high costs and high carbon emissions during the production process, people have begun to focus on using biomass as the precursor material for graphene. Most existing biomass carbonization technologies are used for adsorbents or battery precursors, with a carbon purity of ≤90%, which cannot meet the requirements for graphene synthesis. The technical problems of existing carbonized rice husk technologies are the lack of a comprehensive resource utilization plan and the lack of coordination between carbon source extraction and silicon resource recovery. Existing carbonized rice husk graphene processes, such as those based on cellulose, have high costs and are difficult to scale up production.

[0003] Currently, the common production devices for carbonized rice husks mainly include: 1. A continuous carbonization furnace suitable for large-scale production with high efficiency for continuous feeding and discharging, such as a rotary carbonization furnace, which heats the rice husks by rotation to achieve uniform carbonization of the rice husks. 2. A fluidized bed carbonization device that suspends the rice husks by air flow and heats them, with a fast carbonization speed and precise temperature and quality control. 3. An intermittent carbonization furnace suitable for small-scale production that can batch process rice husks, such as a vertical carbonization furnace or a fixed carbonization kiln, with a simple and easy-to-use operation method. Each of the above technical solutions has its own advantages and can be used as a production device for carbonizing rice husks as a graphene precursor material. However, the first two have a large production scale and require a large investment. Although the vertical carbonization furnace is suitable for small-scale production, in the existing technology, the temperature is uneven everywhere in the furnace during the carbonization process of rice husks, which affects the quality of the carbonized rice husks. Moreover, since the carbonized rice husks are easily adhered to the furnace wall and the heating element, it is somewhat difficult to discharge the materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a production device and method for carbonizing rice husks, which are graphene precursor materials based on rice husks, where the temperature everywhere in the furnace is easily controlled, the temperature of the rice husks everywhere in the furnace is relatively uniform, and the carbonized rice husks are easily discharged.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The device includes a trolley 2, a side shell 5, an inner tank 6, a heat insulation cotton 7, a discharge pressing plate 9, a slag removing piece 10 for the tank wall, a first lifter 12, a transmission rod 13, a lifting and rotating device 15, a heating roller 17, a top cover 18, a main chassis 22, a slag removing piece 23 for the heating roller, a bottom box 24, a support frame 25, a base 26, a drawing frame mechanism 30, a second lifter 31, a bottom cover 32, a driving mechanism 34, a driving module 35, a thermocouple 36, a heating wire 37, a heating module 38 and a temperature measuring module 39. The side shell 5, the inner tank 6 and its heat insulation cotton 7 form a furnace body, and the top view of the furnace body is a rounded square.

[0006] A number of openings for inserting the heating roller 17 are provided on the furnace wall. On the outer wall of each inner opening, i.e., the inner tank 6, several petal-shaped slag removing pieces 23 for the heating roller arranged in a laminated manner like tiles are provided. The bottom edge of the discharge pressing plate 9 is provided with a segmented reed-shaped slag removing piece 10 for the tank wall. The outer dimension of the discharge pressing plate 9 is slightly smaller than the inner dimension of the inner tank 6 so that the discharge pressing plate 9 can enter the inner tank 6. The slag removing piece 10 for the tank wall, the discharge pressing plate 9 and the transmission rod 13 move doubly. On the one hand, they are controlled by the lifting and rotating device 15, and on the other hand, they are controlled by the first lifter 12. Under the action of the lifting and rotating device 15, the top cover 18 can be rotated to the upper part of the furnace body and cover the top of the furnace body, or can be separated from the top of the furnace body and leave the furnace body. Correspondingly, the discharge pressing plate 9 can be pulled out of the furnace body and leave the furnace body, or can be rotated to the upper part of the furnace body and inserted into the top of the furnace body. Then, under the drive of the first lifter 12 and the transmission of the transmission rod 13, the discharge pressing plate 9 and the slag removing piece 10 for the tank wall can be embedded in the inner tank 6 and can move up and down greatly in the furnace body.

[0007] A number of heating rollers 17 are provided on one side of the main chassis 22 and form a heating roller group. The heating roller group can make the temperature of each part of the furnace body uniform. The heating roller 17, the main chassis 22, the bottom box 24 and the base 26 are connected into one body. The cross-sectional shape of the heating roller 17 is an ellipse. The heating roller 17, the main chassis 22, the bottom box 24, the base 26, the thermocouple 36, the heating wire 37, the heating module 38 and the temperature measuring module 39 form a plug-in heating mechanism. Under the action of the driving module 35 and the driving mechanism 34, the plug-in heating mechanism can move horizontally, and the heating roller 17 can be inserted into or pulled out of the furnace body.

[0008] When in use, the heating roller 17 is inserted into the furnace body. The rice husks in the furnace body are heated to carbonization for about 2 hours to generate porous biochar, i.e., carbonized rice husks. Then the plug-in heating mechanism is pulled out of the furnace body. At this time, most of the carbonized rice husks automatically fall into the trolley 2. Under the action of the hot roller slag removing sheet 23, the residue on the heating roller 17 is shoveled off. After the heating roller 17 is pulled out of the furnace body, the tile-like superimposed hot roller slag removing sheet 23 retracts into the inner opening of the furnace wall by its own elasticity. The discharge pressing plate 9 can be transferred into the furnace body by the lifting rotator 15, and then the discharge pressing plate 9 is pushed from top to bottom by the first lifting device 12. Under the action of the discharge pressing plate 9 and the gallbladder wall slag removing sheet 10, the residues in the furnace and on the furnace wall are all shoveled into the trolley 2, completing the production of carbonized rice husks as rice husk-based graphene precursor materials.

[0009] A drawer mechanism 30 is provided at the waist of the support frame 25, and the drawer mechanism 30 consists of a fixed frame and a movable frame. A guide rail facing the observer to away from the observer is provided on the inner side of the fixed frame, and a movable frame that can be inserted and pulled out is provided in the guide rail. The outer side of the fixed frame is connected to the support frame 25, and a second lifter 31 that can be stretched or compressed is provided on the support frame 25. The top surface of the second lifter 31 is connected to the bottom cover 32. Under the action of the second lifter 31, the bottom cover 32 can rise and cover the bottom of the furnace body, or descend and leave the bottom of the furnace body. Under the action of the guide rail of the fixed frame and the movable frame, the bottom cover 32 can be moved to the bottom of the furnace body, or leave the bottom of the furnace body.

[0010] Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: the temperature at various places in the furnace is easy to control, the temperature of the rice husk at various places in the furnace is relatively uniform, the heating roller group can be pulled out of the furnace body, thereby reducing many of its resistances to the discharge of carbonized rice husks, so the discharge is easy, and the arrangement of the furnace wall slag removal sheet and the hot roller slag removal sheet can remove the residues on the furnace wall and the heating roller, which can improve the discharge rate on the one hand, and reduce the pollution to the next production on the other hand, thereby improving the production quality of the subsequent batches of carbonized rice husks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The present invention has the following 4 drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge pressing plate of the device entering the furnace body during discharge. Figure 3 This is the left view of the furnace body and heating roller. Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a plug-in heating mechanism.

[0012] The numbers in the accompanying drawings represent the following: 1. Flat rail, 2. Trolley, 3. Handle, 4. Hoop, 5. Side shell, 6. Inner tank, 7. Heat insulation cotton, 8. Column, 9. Discharge pressing plate, 10. Slag removal piece on the inner tank wall, 11. Limit switch, 12. First lifter, 13. Transmission rod, 14. Cross arm, 15. Lifting and rotating device, 16. Rod handle, 17. Heating roller, 18. Top cover, 19. Air extraction nozzle, 20. Top sealing ring, 21. Side wall sealing ring, 22. Main chassis, 23. Slag removal piece on the heating roller, 24. Bottom box, 25. Bracket, 26. Base, 27. Dovetail groove and tooth rail, 28. Foot, 29. Wheel, 30. Extraction mechanism, 31. Second lifter, 32. Bottom cover, 33. Bottom sealing ring, 34. Driving mechanism, 35. Driving module, 36. Thermocouple, 37. Electric heating wire, 38. Heating module, 39. Temperature measurement module, 40. Main board. Detailed implementation mode

[0013] 1. The device includes a flat rail 1, a trolley 2, a handle 3, a hoop 4, a side shell 5, an inner tank 6, heat insulation cotton 7, a column 8, a discharge pressing plate 9, a slag removal piece 10 on the inner tank wall, a limit switch 11, a first lifter 12, a transmission rod 13, a cross arm 14, a lifting and rotating device 15, a rod handle 16, a heating roller 17, a top cover 18, an air extraction nozzle 19, a top sealing ring 20, a side wall sealing ring 21, a main chassis 22, a slag removal piece 23 on the heating roller, a bottom box 24, a bracket 25, a base 26, a dovetail groove and tooth rail 27, a foot 28, a wheel 29, an extraction mechanism 30, a second lifter 31, a bottom cover 32, a bottom sealing ring 33, a driving mechanism 34, a driving module 35, a thermocouple 36, an electric heating wire 37, a heating module 38, a temperature measurement module 39, and a main board 40.

[0014] 2. A flat rail 1, a dovetail groove and tooth rail 27, a column 8 and a bracket 25 are arranged on the concrete floor. A furnace body is provided on the bracket 25. A hoop 4 is provided at the bottom of the furnace body. The furnace body is connected to the concrete floor through the hoop 4, the bracket 25, the foot 28 and expansion screws. The top cover 18 and the bottom cover 32 are both double-layer structures. Heat insulation cotton 7 is provided inside the top cover 18 and the bottom cover 32 and between the side shell 5 and the inner tank 6. The side shell 5, the inner tank 6 and its heat insulation cotton 7 form the furnace body. The top view of the furnace body is a rounded square. The top sealing ring 20 is provided at the top of the furnace body. The bottom sealing ring 33 is provided at the edge of the bottom cover 32. A number of openings for inserting the heating roller 17 are provided on the furnace wall. A number of petal-shaped slag removal pieces 23 arranged in a tile-like stacked manner are provided on the outer wall of each inner opening, i.e., the outer wall of the inner tank 6. A side wall sealing ring 21 is provided on the outer wall of each outer opening, i.e., the side shell 5.

[0015] 3. A transmission rod 13 with a rack is provided in the first lifter 12, and a discharge pressing plate 9 is provided at the bottom end of the transmission rod 13. The discharge pressing plate 9 is connected to the bottom end of the transmission rod 13 by screws, and a segmented reed-type gallbladder wall slag removing plate 10 is provided at the bottom edge of the discharge pressing plate 9. The outer dimension of the discharge pressing plate 9 is slightly smaller than the inner dimension of the inner gallbladder 6 so that the discharge pressing plate 9 can enter the inner gallbladder 6.

[0016] 4. A local screw, a lifting rotator 15 and a limit switch 11 are provided on the top of the column 8. A cross arm 14 is provided on one side of the lifting rotator 15, and a handle 16 is provided on the other side. The outer end of the handle 16 is connected to the top surface of the top cover 18 by a screw, and the outer end of the cross arm 14 is connected to the first lifter 12 by a screw. The discharge pressing plate 9, the gallbladder wall slag removal piece 10, the first lifter 12, the transmission rod 13, the cross arm 14, the handle 16 and the top cover 18 form a whole and can move up and down on the column 8. Under the action of the lifting rotator 15, the discharge pressing plate 9 and the top cover 18 can be linked around the column 8, that is, when the top cover 18 is on the furnace body, the discharge pressing plate 9 turns away from the furnace body, and when the discharge pressing plate 9 is on the furnace body, the top cover 18 turns away from the furnace body. Among them, the gallbladder wall slag removal piece 10, the discharge pressing plate 9 and the transmission rod 13 are doubly movable, on the one hand controlled by the lifting rotator 15, and on the other hand controlled by the first lifter 12.

[0017] 5. Under the action of the lifting and rotating device 15, the top cover 18 can be rotated to the top of the furnace body and cover the top of the furnace body, and can also be detached from the top of the furnace body and leave the furnace body. Correspondingly, the discharge pressing plate 9 can be pulled out of the furnace body and leave the furnace body, and can also be rotated to the top of the furnace body and inserted into the top of the furnace body. Later, under the drive of the first lifter 12 and the transmission rod 13, the discharge pressing plate 9 and the gallbladder wall slag removal sheet 10 can be embedded in the inner tank 6, and can be moved up and down in the furnace body in a large range.

[0018] 6. A draw-out mechanism 30 is provided at the waist of the support frame 25, and the draw-out mechanism 30 consists of a fixed frame and a movable frame. A guide rail facing the observer to away from the observer is provided on the inner side of the fixed frame, and a movable frame that can be pulled out and inserted is provided in the guide rail. The outer side of the fixed frame is connected to the support frame 25, and a second lifter 31 that can be stretched or compressed is provided on the support frame 25. The top surface of the second lifter 31 is connected to the bottom cover 32. Under the action of the second lifter 31, the bottom cover 32 can rise and cover the bottom of the furnace body, or descend and leave the bottom of the furnace body. Under the action of the guide rail of the fixed frame and the movable frame, the bottom cover 32 can be moved to the bottom of the furnace body, or leave the bottom of the furnace body.

[0019] 7. According to Figure 4, a base 26 is provided on the dovetail groove and the tooth rail 27, a bottom box 24 and a main box 22 are provided on the base 26, an operation panel is provided on the top of the main box 22, which includes a power switch, forward, backward, up and down buttons. A number of heating rollers 17 are provided on one side of the main box 22 and form a heating roller group. The heating rollers 17 adjacent up and down are arranged staggeredly. The heating roller group can make the temperature of each part of the furnace body uniform. The heating rollers 17, the main box 22, the bottom box 24 and the base 26 are connected into one body. The cross-sectional shape of the heating roller 17 is oval. A thermocouple 36 and a heating wire 37 are provided inside the heating roller 17. A main board 40 is provided inside the main box 22. The main board 40 is provided with the same number of heating modules 38 and temperature measuring modules 39 as the heating rollers 17. The heating wire 37 is connected to the output end of the heating module 38, and the thermocouple 36 is connected to the input end of the temperature measuring module 39. A driving module 35 and a driving mechanism 34 are provided inside the bottom box 24. The driving mechanism 34 includes a reduction motor and a driving gear. The heating rollers 17, the main box 22, the bottom box 24, the base 26, the thermocouple 36, the heating wire 37, the heating module 38 and the temperature measuring module 39 constitute a plug-in heating mechanism. Under the action of the driving module 35 and the driving mechanism 34, the plug-in heating mechanism can move horizontally, and the heating roller 17 can be inserted into or pulled out of the furnace body.

[0020] 8. The operation method is as follows: When the bottom cover 32 covers the bottom of the furnace body, the heating roller 17 is inserted into the furnace body, and the top cover 18 is opened, fill the clean and dry rice husk raw material through the top of the furnace body to 95-98% of the furnace body volume, compact and flatten it, use the lifting and rotating device 15 to close the top cover 18, pump out the air in the furnace body through the air pump, the air pressure hose and the air extraction nozzle 19, turn on the power switch on the top of the main box 22, each heating wire 37 generates heat to 600-800 °C under the loading of its respective heating module 38, and the monitored temperature is fed back to the heating module 38 through the thermocouple 36 and the temperature measuring module 39, so as to keep the temperature of each heating wire 37 in the heating roller group within the set range, without being too high or too low locally, to ensure the quality of rice husk carbonization. The rice husk in the furnace body is heated for about 2 hours to generate porous biomass carbon, that is, carbonized rice husk.

[0021] 9. Turn off the power switch on the top of the main chassis 22. Use the second lifter 31 to separate the bottom cover 32 from the bottom of the furnace body. Use the movable frame of the extraction mechanism 30 to move the bottom cover 32 away from the observer. A small part of the carbonized rice husk in the furnace body falls into the trolley 2. Pull out the plug-in heating mechanism from the furnace body through the reverse button on the main chassis 22. Most of the carbonized rice husk falls into the trolley 2. Under the action of the hot roller slag removal piece 23, the residue on the heating roller 17 is shoveled off. After the heating roller 17 is pulled out of the furnace body, the tile-like stacked hot roller slag removal pieces 23 retract into the inner opening of the furnace wall by their own elasticity. Rotate the discharge pressing plate 9 into the furnace body through the lifting and rotating device 15, and then push the discharge pressing plate 9 downward by the first lifter 12. Under the action of the discharge pressing plate 9 and the furnace wall slag removal piece 10, all the residues in the furnace and on the furnace wall are shoveled into the trolley 2. The carbonized rice husk in the trolley 2 is transported to the location for carbonized rice husk treatment. After the materials in the trolley are unloaded, each component in the device returns to its original position according to Figure 1 the original position to prepare for the production of the next batch of carbonized rice husk.

[0022] 10. The limit switch 11 can protect the lifting and rotating device 15 from being damaged due to excessive movement when the top cover 18 covers the top of the furnace body. The materials of the top seal ring 20, the side wall seal ring 21 and the bottom seal ring 33 are all high-temperature resistant rubber. The materials of the top cover 18, the bottom cover 32, the side shell 5, the inner tank 6 and the outer shell of the heating roller 17 are all 304 stainless steel with a thickness of 1 mm. The inner size of the inner tank 6 is 90 - 100 cm, and the height is 160 - 180 cm. The materials of the furnace wall slag removal piece 10 and the hot roller slag removal piece 23 are both phosphor bronze sheets with a thickness of 0.8 mm. The heat insulation material is asbestos.

Claims

1. A production device for carbonized rice husk, a graphene pre-material based on rice husk, comprising a trolley (2), a side shell (5), an inner liner (6), heat insulation cotton (7), a discharge pressing plate (9), slag removing pieces on the inner liner wall (10), a first lifter (12), a transmission rod (13), a lifting and rotating device (15), heating rollers (17), a top cover (18), a main chassis (22), slag removing pieces on the heating roller wall (23), a bottom box (24), a support frame (25), a base (26), a drawing frame mechanism (30), a second lifter (31), a bottom cover (32), a driving mechanism (34), a driving module (35), a thermocouple (36), a heating wire (37), a heating module (38) and a temperature measuring module (39). The side shell (5), the inner liner (6) and its heat insulation cotton (7) form a furnace body, and the top view of the furnace body is a rounded square; It is characterized in that: There are several openings on the furnace wall for inserting the heating rollers (17). On the outer wall of each inner opening, i.e., the inner liner (6), there are several petal-shaped slag removing pieces on the heating roller wall (23) arranged in a way like overlapping tiles. The bottom edge of the discharge pressing plate (9) is provided with segmented reed-shaped slag removing pieces on the inner liner wall (10). The outer dimension of the discharge pressing plate (9) is slightly smaller than the inner dimension of the inner liner (6) so that the discharge pressing plate (9) can enter the inner liner (6). The slag removing pieces on the inner liner wall (10), the discharge pressing plate (9) and the transmission rod (13) move in a dual way. On the one hand, they are controlled by the lifting and rotating device (15), and on the other hand, they are controlled by the first lifter (12). Under the action of the lifting and rotating device (15), the top cover (18) can be rotated to the upper part of the furnace body and cover the top of the furnace body, or can be separated from the top of the furnace body and leave the furnace body. Correspondingly, the discharge pressing plate (9) can be pulled out of the furnace body and leave the furnace body, or can be rotated to the upper part of the furnace body and inserted into the top of the furnace body. Then, under the drive of the first lifter (12) and the transmission of the transmission rod (13), the discharge pressing plate (9) and the slag removing pieces on the inner liner wall (10) can be embedded into the inner liner (6) and can move up and down greatly in the furnace body; On one side of the main chassis (22), there are several heating rollers (17) forming a heating roller group, which can make the temperature of each part of the furnace body uniform. The heating rollers (17), the main chassis (22), the bottom box (24) and the base (26) are connected into one body. The cross-sectional shape of the heating roller (17) is an ellipse. The heating rollers (17), the main chassis (22), the bottom box (24), the base (26), the thermocouple (36), the heating wire (37), the heating module (38) and the temperature measuring module (39) form a plug-in heating mechanism. Under the action of the driving module (35) and the driving mechanism (34), the plug-in heating mechanism can move horizontally, and the heating rollers (17) can be inserted into or pulled out of the furnace body; During use, the heating roller (17) is inserted into the furnace body. The rice husks inside the furnace body are heated to undergo lower carbonization for about 2 hours to generate porous biomass charcoal, i.e., carbonized rice husks. Then, the plug-and-play heating mechanism is withdrawn from the furnace body. At this time, most of the carbonized rice husks automatically fall into the trolley (2). Under the action of the slag removal piece (23) of the heating roller, the residue on the heating roller (17) is shoveled off. After the heating roller (17) is withdrawn from the furnace body, the tile-shaped stacked slag removal pieces (23) of the heating roller retract into the inner opening of the furnace wall by relying on their own elasticity. The discharge pressing plate (9) can be rotated into the furnace body through the lifting and rotating device (15), and then the discharge pressing plate (9) is pushed downward from top to bottom by the first lifter (12). Under the action of the discharge pressing plate (9) and the slag removal piece (10) of the furnace wall, the residue inside the furnace and on the furnace wall is all shoveled into the trolley (2), completing the production of the carbonized rice husks, the pre-material of rice husk-based graphene.

2. The production device of carbonized rice husk, a kind of rice husk-based graphene pre-material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The waist of the support frame (25) is provided with a drawing mechanism (30). The drawing mechanism (30) consists of a fixed frame and a movable frame. The inner side of the fixed frame is provided with a guide rail facing the observer and away from the observer. The movable frame that can be inserted and withdrawn is arranged inside the guide rail. The outer side of the fixed frame is connected to the support frame (25). The support frame (25) is provided with a second lifter (31) that can be stretched or compressed. The top surface of the second lifter (31) is connected to the bottom cover (32). Under the action of the second lifter (31), the bottom cover (32) can rise and cover the bottom of the furnace body, or descend and separate from the bottom of the furnace body. Under the action of the guide rail of the fixed frame and the movable frame, the bottom cover (32) can be moved to the bottom of the furnace body or leave the bottom of the furnace body.

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