Aquatic animal feed rich in sulforaphane and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of animal nutrition and feed, and particularly relates to a sulforaphane-rich aquatic animal feed and a preparation method thereof, high-purity sulforaphane powder is used as a core additive component, and is matched with various raw materials such as fish meal, soybean meal, corn protein powder, vitamins and minerals to prepare pellet feed through the steps of tempering, puffing, drying and the like. The feed prepared by the method disclosed by the invention can directly release and absorb sulforaphane in intestinal tracts of animals, has anti-oxidation and immunoregulation effects, and effectively improves the anti-stress ability, feed efficiency and growth performance of fish and shrimp aquatic animals. The feed is stable in preparation process, can be industrially popularized and has a good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of animal nutrition and feed, and particularly relates to a sulforaphane-rich aquatic animal feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate compound derived from cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli, cabbage, and radish). Its precursor, glucoraphanin, is rapidly hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase to produce the highly bioactive sulforaphane. Numerous studies have demonstrated that sulforaphane possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, detoxifying, immune-boosting, and anti-stress properties.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of high-density aquaculture, aquatic animals such as fish and shrimp have frequently encountered stressors (such as hypoxia, high ammonia nitrogen, and exposure to pathogens), which can easily lead to oxidative damage, immunosuppression, and decreased survival rates. The use of traditional antibiotics has been restricted, making the development of safe and effective natural functional additives imperative. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem in the prior art of lacking a stable, industrially scalable feed product with the dual functions of promoting growth and enhancing immunity, the present invention primarily provides a sulforaphane-rich feed suitable for aquatic animals including fish and shrimp, and a method for preparing the same: A sulforaphane-rich aquatic animal feed comprises the following components: sulforaphane, aquatic animal meal, soybean meal, corn protein, grain processing by-products, oil, a molding agent and nutrients.

[0005] The sulforaphane is in the form of high-purity extraction powder or microcapsule embedded powder.

[0006] Furthermore, the following components are included, calculated by mass: 0.01-0.5 parts of sulforaphane, 10-25 parts of aquatic animal meal, 15-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of corn protein, 5-15 parts of grain processing by-products, 2-6 parts of oil, 5-15 parts of molding agent and 3.6-9.5 parts of nutrients.

[0007] Furthermore, the aquatic animal meal includes fish meal and / or shrimp meal; the soybean meal is fermented or unfermented; the grain processing by-product includes wheat bran and / or rice bran; the oil includes vegetable oil and / or fish oil; and the molding agent includes dextrin and / or starch.

[0008] Furthermore, the vegetable oil includes one or more of soybean oil, peanut oil, olive oil, rice bran oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil or coconut oil.

[0009] Furthermore, the nutrients include calcium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and anti-stress factors.

[0010] Furthermore, the nutrients include, by mass, 1 to 3 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.5 to 2 parts of amino acids; 1 to 2 parts of vitamins; 1 to 2 parts of minerals; and 0.05 to 0.5 parts of anti-stress factors.

[0011] Furthermore, the amino acids include one or more of lysine, methionine, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine or tryptophan; the vitamins include one or more of vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D3, B vitamins, vitamin A, and vitamin K; the minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and also one or more of iron, copper, zinc, manganese or selenium.

[0012] Furthermore, the anti-stress factor includes one or more of arginine, taurine, glutamine, mannan, chitosan, β-glucan, saccharide terpenoids, chlorogenic acid, astaxanthin or glutamine.

[0013] A method for preparing the aforementioned sulforaphane-rich aquatic animal feed comprises the following steps: grinding and screening dry raw materials, and then mixing them uniformly to obtain a mixture; emulsifying liquid raw materials and then mixing them with the mixture; adding water for conditioning, and then expanding and granulating to obtain the feed.

[0014] Furthermore, sulforaphane is added in the form of spraying or premixing.

[0015] By adopting the above scheme, the method of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention adds low-dose sulforaphane to feeds for aquatic animals such as shrimp and carp. Sulforaphane, along with key ingredients such as fermented soybean meal, fish meal, β-glucan, and chlorogenic acid, produces a significant synergistic effect in aquatic animals, effectively enhancing their antioxidant capacity, immune function, and growth performance, comprehensively improving feed performance and possessing broad application prospects.

[0016] 2. The compound feed rich in stable sulforaphane of the present invention is specifically designed for aquatic animals and has clear formulation ratios, preparation procedures, and application specifications.

[0017] 3. The feed of the present invention directly adds high-purity sulforaphane powder to avoid conversion loss in the body, and can directly release and absorb sulforaphane in the animal intestine, significantly improving bioavailability.

[0018] 4. The feed of the present invention can enhance the antioxidant capacity of aquatic animals (SOD activity is increased by 20% to 30%, and MDA level is reduced by 15% to 25%), promote the expression of immune factors including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IgM, and enhance resistance to pathogens such as Vibrio.

[0019] 5. The feed conversion rate of the present invention is increased by 10-15%, thereby improving growth performance and survival rate. The method is suitable for a variety of aquatic animals such as whiteleg shrimp, giant tiger shrimp, and carp, and can be industrialized and promoted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the effect of the amount of sulforaphane added to feed on the antioxidant indicators of whiteleg shrimp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1: (1) The dry raw materials were ground and passed through a 60-mesh sieve; 0.2 g of sulforaphane extract powder, 200 g of fish meal, 287 g of soybean meal, 150 g of corn gluten meal, 60 g of wheat bran, 120 g of dextrin, 20 g of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 g of lysine, 4 g of methionine, 10 g of mineral premix, and 95.8 g of flour were premixed for 5-10 minutes to obtain a mixture; (2) 40 g of soybean oil and 10 g of vitamin premix were treated with a high-speed shear emulsifier and mixed with the mixture for 15 min to obtain a mixture; (3) The mixture is added with water through a conditioner and heated to 60-70°C. The mixture is then expanded in an extruder with the outlet temperature controlled at 85°C. The mixture is then made into 1-2 mm pellets and dried with hot air until the moisture content is less than 10%. The mixture is then coated to obtain aquatic animal feed.

[0023] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that 0.05 g of sulforaphane extract powder was taken.

[0024] Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that 0.1 g of sulforaphane extract powder was taken.

[0025] Example 4: The difference from Example 1 is that 0.15 g of sulforaphane extract powder was taken.

[0026] Example 5: The difference from Example 1 is: 0.2g sulforaphane extract powder, 220g fish meal, 300g soybean meal, 200g corn gluten meal, 150g rice bran, 100g dextrin, 5g methionine, 12g vitamin premix, and 10g mineral premix.

[0027] Example 6: The difference from Example 1 is: 0.2g sulforaphane extract powder, 220g fish meal, 300g soybean meal, 200g corn gluten meal, 150g rice bran, 100g dextrin, 5g methionine, 12g vitamin premix, 1.5g β-glucan, and 10g mineral premix.

[0028] Example 7: The difference from Example 1 is that soybean meal is replaced by fermented soybean meal.

[0029] Example 8: The difference from Example 6 is that 1.5 g of β-glucan is replaced with 1 g of chlorogenic acid powder. The addition amount of chlorogenic acid powder is preferably in the range of 0.05-0.2 g / kg feed, more preferably 0.1 g / kg.

[0030] Comparative Example 1: The difference from Example 1 is that sulforaphane powder is not contained.

[0031] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that it does not contain sulforaphane powder and soybean meal Comparative Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that no soybean meal is contained.

[0032] Comparative Example 4: The difference from Example 1 is that sulforaphane powder is not contained, and 20% of the soybean meal is replaced by fermented soybean meal.

[0033] Comparative Example 5: The difference from Example 6 is that sulforaphane powder and β-glucan are not contained.

[0034] Comparative Example 6: The difference from Example 6 is that it does not contain β-glucan.

[0035] Comparative Example 7: The difference from Example 8 is that sulforaphane powder is not contained.

[0036] The above-mentioned vitamin premix includes: vitamin A (300,000 IU), vitamin D3 (80,000 IU), vitamin E (2,000 mg), vitamin K3 (400 mg), vitamin B1 (600 mg), vitamin B2 (800 mg), niacin (2,000 mg), pantothenic acid (1,000 mg), folic acid (300 mg), biotin (20 mg), and vitamin C (5,000 mg).

[0037] The mineral premix includes: ferrous sulfate (Fe 2000 mg / kg), zinc sulfate (Zn 1500 mg / kg), copper sulfate (Cu 500 mg / kg), manganese sulfate (Mn 1000 mg / kg), calcium iodate (I 100 mg / kg), and sodium selenite (Se 50 mg / kg).

[0038] Example sample test: The shrimp Penaeus vannamei were fed with the feeds of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1, and the levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were tested to evaluate the stress resistance. The results are as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0039] Depend on Figure 1 As can be seen, increasing sulforaphane content in the feed significantly increased superoxide dismutase and catalase levels in whiteleg shrimp, while malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly. Compared to Comparative Example 1, superoxide dismutase activity increased by 20-30% and malondialdehyde levels decreased by 15-25% in Examples 1, 3, and 4. This demonstrates that sulforaphane significantly improves the stress resistance of whiteleg shrimp. In particular, when the sulforaphane content ranged from 0 to 100 mg / kg, all indicators increased linearly, demonstrating a strong correlation between sulforaphane and the stress resistance of aquatic animals.

[0040] Feeding tests were conducted using the feed of Example 1 with whiteleg shrimp, giant tiger shrimp, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii as test subjects; feeding tests were conducted using the feed of Example 5 with Yellow River carp as test subjects; and feeding tests were conducted using the feed of Example 6 with California seabass as test subjects. The results are shown in Table 1 below, where SGR = specific growth rate; FCR = feed coefficient; and crude protein and crude fat are the main nutrient contents in the feed.

[0041] It can be seen from the above table that when the feed of the present invention is used for feeding, the specific growth rates of the five aquatic animals are all greater than 1.

[0042] Four comparative experiments were conducted using Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Group A: Comparative Example 2; Group B: Comparative Example 3; Group C: Comparative Example 4; Group D: Example 7. The test indicators after 21 days were as follows: As shown in Table 2, the feed conversion efficiency of Example 7 was significantly reduced, indicating that the feed containing both sulforaphane powder and soybean meal is more beneficial for aquatic animals' absorption and utilization. Comparative Example 2, which lacked sulforaphane powder and soybean meal, had the lowest intestinal SOD activity. Comparative Examples 3 and 4, which added only sulforaphane powder or a blend of sulforaphane and soybean meal, showed some improvement. Example 7 (Group D), which added both sulforaphane powder and fermented soybean meal, saw a 64.3% increase in SOD activity compared to the baseline control group (Group A); a 38% increase compared to Comparative Example 3 (Group C), which added only sulforaphane powder; and an approximately 32.7% increase compared to Comparative Example 4 (Group B), which used only soybean meal.

[0043] It can be seen that the combination of sulforaphane and soybean meal in the present invention showed an enhanced trend in improving intestinal antioxidant enzyme activities compared with either single group, indicating a synergistic enhancement effect between the two.

[0044] Three groups of experiments were conducted using California sea bass as the test subjects: Group A: Comparative Example 5; Group B: Comparative Example 6; Group C: Comparative Example 1; Group D: Example 6; Group E: Comparative Example 7; and Group F: Example 8. After 14 days, the changes in immune factors were as follows:

[0045] As shown in Table 3, using sulforaphane as the core functional ingredient in combination with β-glucan or chlorogenic acid significantly enhanced immune factor expression and disease resistance (P < 0.01), demonstrating a synergistic effect that is not simply additive.

[0046] The data in Table 3 show that the addition of sulforaphane (Group B), β-glucan (Group C), or chlorogenic acid (Group E) alone can enhance the expression of immune factors and disease resistance survival rates to a certain extent, indicating that each functional component has basic immune-enhancing activity. However, among the combined addition groups, Group D (sulforaphane + β-glucan) and Group F (sulforaphane + chlorogenic acid), both of which use sulforaphane as the core synergistic component, showed significantly higher IL-1β, TNF-α, IgM levels, and survival rates than any of the individual groups (Groups B, C, and E) (P < 0.01). This indicates that the sulforaphane in the feed of the present invention can be used in combination with anti-stress factors, not only without antagonistic effects, but also synergistically improving the immune function and disease resistance of aquatic animals, resulting in a significant synergistic enhancement effect.

[0047] Those skilled in the art can make various other corresponding changes and deformations based on the technical solutions and concepts described above, and all of these changes and deformations should fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sulforaphane-rich aquatic animal feed, characterized in that: Includes the following ingredients: sulforaphane, aquatic animal meal, soybean meal, corn gluten, grain processing by-products, oils and fats, molding agents and nutrients.

2. The aquatic animal feed rich in sulforaphane according to claim 1, characterized in that The composition includes the following components by weight: 0.01-0.5 parts of sulforaphane, 10-25 parts of aquatic animal meal, 15-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of corn protein, 5-15 parts of grain processing by-products, 2-6 parts of oil, 5-15 parts of molding agent and 3.6-9.5 parts of nutrients.

3. The aquatic animal feed rich in sulforaphane according to claim 1, wherein: The aquatic animal meal includes fish meal and / or shrimp meal; the soybean meal is fermented or unfermented; the grain processing by-product includes wheat bran and / or rice bran; the oil includes vegetable oil and / or fish oil; and the molding agent includes dextrin and / or starch.

4. The aquatic animal feed rich in sulforaphane according to claim 3, characterized in that The vegetable oil includes one or more of soybean oil, peanut oil, olive oil, rice bran oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil or coconut oil.

5. The aquatic animal feed rich in sulforaphane according to claim 1, wherein The nutrients include calcium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and anti-stress factors.

6. The aquatic animal feed rich in sulforaphane according to claim 1, wherein: Calculated by mass, the nutrients include 1 to 3 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.5 to 2 parts of amino acids; 1 to 2 parts of vitamins, 1 to 2 parts of minerals and 0.05 to 0.5 parts of anti-stress factors.

7. The aquatic animal feed rich in sulforaphane according to claim 5, characterized in that The amino acids include one or more of lysine, methionine, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine or tryptophan; the vitamins include one or more of vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D3, B vitamins, vitamin A, and vitamin K; the minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and also one or more of iron, copper, zinc, manganese or selenium.

8. The aquatic animal feed rich in sulforaphane according to claim 5, wherein: The anti-stress factors include one or more of arginine, taurine, glutamine, mannan, chitosan, β-glucan, saccharide terpenoids, astaxanthin, chlorogenic acid or glutamine.

9. A method for preparing aquatic animal feed rich in sulforaphane according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The dry raw materials are crushed and sieved, and then mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; the liquid raw materials are emulsified and then mixed with the mixture; water is added to adjust the temperature, the mixture is expanded, and granulated to obtain the product.

10. The method for preparing aquatic animal feed rich in sulforaphane according to claim 9, wherein: Add sulforaphane as a spray or premix.

Images