Reinforcing structure and method for Tibetan blockhouse bearing wood component joints

Abstract

The invention discloses a reinforcing structure and method for Tibetan blockhouse load-bearing wood component joints, and belongs to the technical field of building construction.The reinforcing method for wood components comprises the steps that a wood beam and an adobe wall are tied, and then polyurea grouting liquid is poured into the wood beam and the adobe wall; after the reinforcing strap, the connecting batten plate and the high-strength bolt share the reinforcing function, polyurea grouting liquid is poured into the whole, and therefore the deformation coordination capacity of a wood component and other bearing components is improved. The reinforcing method is scientific and reasonable, rubber type elastic colloid is innovatively adopted for cooperative reinforcement with the wood beam and the adobe wall, the pull screw is reinforced, the uplift bearing capacity of the joint is improved, meanwhile, the sliding energy dissipation mechanism of the tenon-and-mortise membrane material is reserved, and the earthquake energy dissipation capacity is improved; and a force transmission path is formed through effective tying of the wood columns, the sheet stone and the straw stalk composite floor, displacement deformation of the wood columns is reduced under the combined action of the rubber elastic colloid and the steel strap, and finally reinforcing construction of the Tibetan blockhouse bearing wood component is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and in particular to a reinforcement structure and method for nodes of load-bearing wooden components of Tibetan-style blockhouses. Background Art

[0002] Tibetan watchtowers, a common traditional dwelling in Tibet, utilize a hybrid load-bearing system of "external adobe walls + internal timber frame." These structures are two to four stories high, with the outer adobe walls and internal wooden beams and columns sharing the load. The beam-column joints are primarily mortise-and-tenon joints, relying on friction and slippage to dissipate seismic energy. Due to frequent earthquakes in Tibet and the long-term exposure of wooden components to dry-wet cycles, the joints between the wooden beams and tenons in Tibetan watchtowers are prone to loosening, often leading to the pullout of the tenons at the ends of the beams within the buildings. This lack of effective connections between the wooden columns, beams, and floor slabs results in significant displacement and deformation under earthquakes. Furthermore, the floor slabs of watchtowers are constructed of a composite layer of thin stone and rice straw, making it difficult for traditional reinforcement techniques to effectively transmit force between these interfaces and the wooden columns. Therefore, it is necessary to design a reinforcement method for the joints of Tibetan watchtower load-bearing timber components, incorporating traditional construction methods, to minimize earthquake damage and prevent overall deformation or partial collapse of timber components under earthquakes, which could pose safety risks to people and property.

[0003] Reinforcing load-bearing timber components subjected to displacement, deformation, and mortise pullout in earthquake-damaged structures like Tibetan watchtowers presents a complex design and construction challenge. This is especially true of the load-bearing walls of these structures, which are often constructed of adobe. The bonding between adobe walls and timber beams differs from that of brick-built load-bearing walls in other brick-timber structures. Furthermore, the upper and lower floor slabs of the timber beams and columns are constructed from locally sourced stone and straw, making them impractical to reinforce with traditional steel strapping. While existing carbon fiber wrapping offers lightweight and high strength, the carbon fibers cannot penetrate the stone and straw floor slabs, preventing them from forming an effective load-bearing system. The traditional method of bolting the tenons of the timber beams to the adobe walls cannot guarantee their integrity. Furthermore, conventional epoxy resin grouting, after curing, has a stiffness far exceeding that of adobe. This alters the frictional force transmission mechanism at the beam-column joint, reducing the energy dissipated by micro-slip in the mortise and tenon joints during earthquakes while increasing the risk of brittle failure. Furthermore, most traditional reinforcement schemes only focus on local reinforcement of single nodes, failing to consider the integrity of the coordinated load-bearing system of the Tibetan watchtower's "adobe wall-timber member-floor slab." This exposes fundamental flaws such as poor compatibility between the reinforcement system and the original structure and a mismatch in seismic resistance mechanisms. The increased stiffness of the reinforced timber frame can exacerbate shear failure in the adobe walls, making it difficult to meet the requirements for timber reinforcement and earthquake resistance in Tibetan watchtowers. Therefore, it is necessary to design a reinforcement method for the joints of load-bearing timber components in Tibetan watchtowers. By optimizing the design of timber beam and column joint connections and innovating construction techniques, this method could systematically address the challenges of seismic reinforcement, such as pullout and displacement of load-bearing timber components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a reinforcement structure and method for the nodes of load-bearing wooden components of Tibetan-style blockhouses, so as to solve the problems of pullout, displacement and other earthquake damage reinforcement of load-bearing wooden components of Tibetan-style blockhouses.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A reinforcement structure for the nodes of load-bearing wooden components of a Tibetan watchtower comprises an outer wall reinforcement structure, an inner wall reinforcement structure and a wooden column and floor reinforcement structure. The outer wall reinforcement structure is arranged at the connection between the outer wall and the wooden beam, the inner wall reinforcement structure is arranged at the connection between the inner wall and the wooden beam, and the wooden column and floor reinforcement structure is arranged at the connection between the wooden column and the floor.

[0007] Furthermore, the exterior wall reinforcement structure includes a reinforcement plate, which is arranged on the outside of the connection between the exterior wall and the wooden beam, and angle steel reinforcements are arranged between the inner wall of the exterior wall and the upper and lower side walls of the wooden beam, high-strength bolts a are horizontally arranged between the vertical part of the angle steel reinforcement and the reinforcement plate, high-strength bolts a are vertically arranged between the horizontal parts of two angle steel reinforcements, and a rubber elastic colloid is arranged in the cavity between the end of the wooden beam and the reinforcement plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the interior wall reinforcement structure includes several angle steel reinforcements, which are arranged between the left and right side walls of the interior wall and the upper and lower side walls of the wooden beam. A high-strength bolt a is arranged between the vertical parts of the two symmetrically arranged angle steel reinforcements on the left and right, and a high-strength bolt a is arranged between the horizontal parts of the two symmetrically arranged angle steel reinforcements on the upper and lower sides. A rubber elastic colloid is arranged in the cavity between the ends of the two wooden beams.

[0009] Furthermore, the wooden column and floor reinforcement structure includes a reinforcement cage arranged at the connection between the wooden column and the floor, and replacement wood is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the connection position between the wooden column and the floor, and the reinforcement cage wraps the connection between the wooden column and the floor and the replacement wood.

[0010] Furthermore, the reinforcement cage includes a plurality of reinforcing hoops, and the plurality of reinforcing hoops are arranged at intervals. A plurality of connecting plates arranged in the vertical direction are provided on the front and rear sides of the plurality of reinforcing hoops. The connecting plates are arranged perpendicular to the reinforcing hoops, and the two corresponding connecting plates in the front and rear positions are connected together by high-strength bolts b.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of wooden rafters, thin stone sheets and rice straws are arranged in the floor slab, and rubber elastic colloids are arranged in the gaps between the wooden rafters, the thin stone sheets and the rice straws.

[0012] Furthermore, the rubber elastic colloid is made of polyurea grouting liquid.

[0013] A structural reinforcement method for the joints of load-bearing wooden components of a Tibetan-style blockhouse comprises the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Drill four holes at the intersection of the exterior wall and the wooden beam for inserting high-strength bolts a, clean the holes, place reinforcement plates on the outside of the exterior wall, and place angle steel reinforcements at the intersection of the interior wall of the exterior wall and the wooden beam for inserting the high-strength bolts a for tensioning.

[0015] Step 2: implanting the high-strength bolt a into the component obtained in step 1 and tightening it, and pouring polyurea grouting liquid into the hole of the high-strength bolt a and the gap between the end of the wooden beam and the exterior wall, and forming a rubber elastic colloid after the polyurea grouting liquid solidifies;

[0016] Step 3: A mounting cavity for installing a reinforcement cage is chiseled out at the intersection of the wooden column and the floor slab, and the interior of the mounting cavity is cleaned. The reinforcement bands on the reinforcement cage are wrapped around the replacement wood, the wooden column, and the floor slab;

[0017] Step 4: symmetrically arrange a plurality of connecting plates on the front and rear sides of the reinforcing hoop in step 3, so that the connecting plates are arranged perpendicular to the reinforcing hoop, and connect the two corresponding connecting plates at the front and rear positions together through high-strength bolts b;

[0018] Step 5: After the installation of steps 3 and 4, formwork is supported at the bottom of the floor slab and polyurea grouting liquid is poured in to effectively bond the thin stone, straw, rafters, steel strips, wooden columns and replacement wood. The polyurea grouting liquid forms a rubber elastic colloid after solidification.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] The reinforcement method designed in this invention is a scientific and rational reinforcement technology for the joints of load-bearing timber components in Tibetan-style blockhouses, providing guidance for the design and construction of reinforcement for these components. This invention innovatively employs a rubber-like elastic colloid in conjunction with wooden beams and adobe walls for reinforcement. Combined with the strengthening effect of tension screws, this method improves the joint's pullout bearing capacity while retaining the slippage energy dissipation mechanism of the mortise and tenon membrane, enhancing its seismic energy dissipation capacity. The effective connection between the timber columns and the thin stone and rice straw composite floor slabs creates a force transmission path. The combined action of the rubber-like elastic colloid and steel hoops reduces the displacement and deformation of the timber columns, ultimately completing the reinforcement construction of the Tibetan-style blockhouse's load-bearing timber components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the reinforcement structure of the present invention for the nodes of the load-bearing wooden components of Tibetan-style blockhouses;

[0023] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the exterior wall reinforcement structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the interior wall reinforcement structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the wooden column and floor slab reinforcement structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view in the AA direction.

[0027] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Exterior wall; 2. Wooden beam; 3. Reinforcement plate; 4. Rubber elastic colloid; 5. High-strength bolt a; 6. Angle steel reinforcement; 7. Wooden column; 8. Floor slab; 9. Replacement wood; 10. Reinforcement hoop; 11. High-strength bolt b; 12. Thin stone; 13. Rice straw; 14. Wooden rafter; 15. Connecting plate; 16. Interior wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a reinforcement structure for the nodes of load-bearing wooden components of a Tibetan watchtower comprises an exterior wall reinforcement structure, an interior wall reinforcement structure and a wooden column and floor reinforcement structure. The exterior wall reinforcement structure is arranged at the connection between the exterior wall 1 and the wooden beam 2, the interior wall reinforcement structure is arranged at the connection between the interior wall 16 and the wooden beam 2, and the wooden column and floor reinforcement structure is arranged at the connection between the wooden column 7 and the floor 8.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, the exterior wall reinforcement structure includes a reinforcement plate 3, which is padded on the outside of the connection between the exterior wall 1 and the wooden beam 2. Angle steel reinforcements 6 are padded between the inner wall of the exterior wall 1 and the upper and lower side walls of the wooden beam 2. High-strength bolts a5 are horizontally installed between the vertical part of the angle steel reinforcement 6 and the reinforcement plate 3. After the high-strength bolt a5 penetrates the exterior wall 1, the vertical parts of the two angle steel reinforcements 6 are connected together. A high-strength bolt a5 is vertically arranged between the horizontal parts of the two angle steel reinforcements 6. After the high-strength bolt a5 penetrates the wooden beam 2, the horizontal parts of the two angle steel reinforcements 6 are connected together. Polyurea grouting liquid is poured into the cavity between the end of the wooden beam 2 and the reinforcement plate 3. After the polyurea grouting liquid solidifies, a rubber elastic colloid 4 is formed, which plays a role in energy dissipation and deformation coordination under earthquake action.

[0030] like Figure 2As shown, the interior wall reinforcement structure includes four angle steel reinforcements 6, which are arranged between the left and right side walls of the interior wall 16 and the upper and lower side walls of the two wooden beams 2. A high-strength bolt a5 is provided between the vertical parts of the two symmetrically arranged angle steel reinforcements 6. The high-strength bolt a5 penetrates the interior wall 16 and connects the vertical parts of the two angle steel reinforcements 6 together. A high-strength bolt a5 is provided between the horizontal parts of the two symmetrically arranged angle steel reinforcements 6. The high-strength bolt a5 penetrates the wooden beams 2 and connects the horizontal parts of the two angle steel reinforcements 6 together. Polyurea grouting liquid is poured into the cavity between the ends of the two wooden beams 2, and the polyurea grouting liquid forms a rubber elastic colloid 4 after solidification.

[0031] like Figure 4-5 As shown, the wooden column and floor slab reinforcement structure includes a reinforcement cage arranged at the connection between the wooden column 7 and the floor slab 8, and an installation cavity for installing the reinforcement cage is chiseled out at the intersection of the wooden column 7 and the floor slab 8. Replacement wood 9 is connected to the upper and lower sides of the connection between the wooden column 7 and the floor slab 8, and the reinforcement cage wraps the connection between the wooden column 7 and the floor slab 8 and the replacement wood 9.

[0032] The reinforcement cage includes four reinforcement hoops 10, which are arranged at intervals. Three connecting plates 15 arranged in the vertical direction are provided on the front and rear sides of the four reinforcement hoops 10. The connecting plates 15 are arranged perpendicular to the reinforcement hoops 10, and the two connecting plates 15 corresponding to the front and rear positions are connected together by high-strength bolts b11.

[0033] A plurality of wooden rafters 14 , thin stone slabs 12 , and rice straw stalks 13 are arranged in the floor slab 8 . Polyurea grouting liquid is poured into the gaps between the wooden rafters 14 , the thin stone slabs 12 , and the rice straw stalks 13 . The polyurea grouting liquid forms a rubber elastic colloid 4 after solidification.

[0034] The reinforcement method for the wooden components of a two-story Tibetan-style blockhouse is as follows: first, tie the wooden beams to the adobe walls, and then pour in polyurea grouting liquid; the reinforcement method for the intersection of the wooden columns and the floor slabs is to use steel strips, tie plates and high-strength bolts to strengthen them together, and then pour in polyurea grouting liquid as a whole, so as to improve the deformation coordination ability of the wooden components and other load-bearing components.

[0035] Specifically, a structural reinforcement method for the joints of load-bearing wooden components of a Tibetan-style blockhouse comprises the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: Drill four holes at the intersection of the exterior wall 1 and the wooden beam 2 for inserting high-strength bolts a5, clean the holes, place a reinforcement plate 3 on the outside of the exterior wall 1, and place an angle steel reinforcement 6 at the intersection of the interior wall of the exterior wall 1 and the wooden beam 2 for inserting the high-strength bolts a5 for tensioning.

[0037] Step 2: implanting the high-strength bolt a5 into the component obtained in step 1 and tightening it, and injecting polyurea grouting liquid into the hole of the high-strength bolt a5 and the gap between the end of the wooden beam 2 and the exterior wall 1. After the polyurea grouting liquid solidifies, it forms a rubber elastic colloid 4, which plays a role in energy dissipation and deformation coordination under earthquake action;

[0038] Step 3: A mounting cavity for installing the reinforcement cage is chiseled out at the intersection of the wooden column 7 and the floor slab 8, and the interior of the mounting cavity is cleaned. The reinforcement band 10 on the reinforcement cage is wrapped around the replacement wood 9, the wooden column 7 and the floor slab 8;

[0039] Step 4: Arrange several connecting plates 15 symmetrically on the front and rear sides of the reinforcing hoop 10 in step 3, so that the connecting plates 15 are arranged perpendicular to the reinforcing hoop 10, and connect the two corresponding connecting plates 15 at the front and rear positions together with high-strength bolts b11 to strengthen and fix them;

[0040] Step 5: After the installation of steps 3 and 4, formwork is supported at the bottom of the floor slab 8, and polyurea grouting liquid is poured in to effectively bond the thin stone 12, straw stalks 13, wooden rafters 14, steel strips 10, wooden columns 7 and replacement wood 9. After the polyurea grouting liquid solidifies, a rubber elastic colloid 4 is formed, which plays a role in energy dissipation and deformation coordination under earthquake action.

[0041] The specific dimensions and materials are as follows:

[0042] The exterior wall 1 and interior wall 16 are adobe walls: 500 mm thick;

[0043] Wooden beam: 250×250mm;

[0044] Reinforcement plate 3 is a steel plate: 400×400×8mm;

[0045] High-strength bolt a5: M16;

[0046] Angle steel reinforcement 6 is angle steel: L100×8mm;

[0047] Wooden column 7: 250×250mm;

[0048] Floor 8: 200mm thick;

[0049] Substitute wood 9: 250×250mm, about 800mm long;

[0050] The reinforcement band 10 is a steel band: 50×5mm;

[0051] High-strength bolt b11: M16;

[0052] Connecting plate 15: 40×4mm.

[0053] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reinforcement structure for the joints of load-bearing wooden components of a Tibetan-style blockhouse, characterized by: The invention comprises an exterior wall reinforcement structure, an interior wall reinforcement structure and a wood column and floor slab reinforcement structure, wherein the exterior wall reinforcement structure is arranged at the connection between the exterior wall (1) and the wood beam (2), the interior wall reinforcement structure is arranged at the connection between the interior wall (16) and the wood beam (2), and the wood column and floor slab reinforcement structure is arranged at the connection between the wood column (7) and the floor slab (8).

2. The reinforcement structure for the joints of the load-bearing wooden components of a Tibetan-style blockhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exterior wall reinforcement structure comprises a reinforcement plate (3), the reinforcement plate (3) being arranged outside the connection between the exterior wall (1) and the wooden beam (2), angle steel reinforcement pieces (6) being arranged between the inner wall of the exterior wall (1) and the upper and lower side walls of the wooden beam (2), high-strength bolts a (5) being arranged horizontally between the vertical portion of the angle steel reinforcement piece (6) and the reinforcement plate (3), high-strength bolts a (5) being arranged vertically between the horizontal portions of the two angle steel reinforcement pieces (6), and a rubber elastic colloid (4) being arranged in the cavity between the end of the wooden beam (2) and the reinforcement plate (3).

3. The reinforcement structure for the joints of the load-bearing timber members of a Tibetan-style watchtower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall reinforcement structure comprises a plurality of angle steel reinforcement members (6), wherein the plurality of angle steel reinforcement members (6) are arranged between the left and right side walls of the inner wall (16) and the upper and lower side walls of the wooden beam (2), a high-strength bolt a (5) is arranged between the vertical parts of two symmetrically arranged angle steel reinforcement members (6), a high-strength bolt a (5) is arranged between the horizontal parts of two symmetrically arranged angle steel reinforcement members (6), and a rubber elastic colloid (4) is arranged in the cavity between the ends of the two wooden beams (2).

4. The reinforcement structure for the joints of the load-bearing wooden components of a Tibetan-style watchtower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wooden column and floor slab reinforcement structure includes a reinforcement cage arranged at the connection between the wooden column (7) and the floor slab (8), and replacement wood (9) is arranged on both the upper and lower sides of the connection position between the wooden column (7) and the floor slab (8), and the reinforcement cage wraps the connection between the wooden column (7) and the floor slab (8) and the replacement wood (9).

5. The reinforcement structure for the joints of the load-bearing wooden components of a Tibetan-style watchtower according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reinforcement cage includes a plurality of reinforcing hoops (10), the plurality of reinforcing hoops (10) are arranged at intervals, and a plurality of connecting plates (15) arranged in a vertical direction are provided on the front and rear sides of the plurality of reinforcing hoops (10), the connecting plates (15) are arranged perpendicular to the reinforcing hoops (10), and the two corresponding connecting plates (15) at the front and rear positions are connected together by high-strength bolts b (11).

6. The reinforcement structure for the joints of the load-bearing wooden components of a Tibetan-style watchtower according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of wooden rafters (14), thin stone slabs (12), and rice straws (13) are arranged in the floor slab (8), and rubber elastic colloids (4) are arranged in the gaps between the wooden rafters (14), the thin stone slabs (12), and the rice straws (13).

7. The reinforcement structure for the joints of load-bearing timber members of a Tibetan-style blockhouse according to claim 2, 3 or 6, characterized in that: The rubber elastic colloid (4) is made of polyurea grouting liquid.

8. A structural reinforcement method for the joints of load-bearing timber components of a Tibetan-style blockhouse, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Drill four holes at the intersection of the outer wall (1) and the wooden beam (2) for inserting high-strength bolts a (5), clean the holes, place a reinforcement plate (3) on the outer side of the outer wall (1), and place an angle steel reinforcement piece (6) at the intersection of the inner wall of the outer wall (1) and the wooden beam (2) for inserting the high-strength bolts a (5) for tensioning. Step 2: implanting the high-strength bolt a (5) into the component obtained in step 1 and tightening it, injecting polyurea grouting liquid into the hole of the high-strength bolt a (5) and the gap between the end of the wooden beam (2) and the exterior wall (1), and forming a rubber elastic colloid (4) after the polyurea grouting liquid solidifies; Step 3: A mounting cavity for mounting the reinforcement cage is chiseled out at the junction of the wooden column (7) and the floor slab (8), and the interior of the mounting cavity is cleaned. The reinforcing hoop (10) on the reinforcement cage is wrapped around the replacement wood (9), the wooden column (7) and the floor slab (8); Step 4: symmetrically arrange a plurality of connecting plates (15) on the front and rear sides of the reinforcing hoop (10) in step 3, so that the connecting plates (15) and the reinforcing hoop (10) are arranged perpendicularly, and the two corresponding connecting plates (15) at the front and rear positions are connected together by high-strength bolts b (11); Step 5: After the installation of steps 3 and 4, a formwork is supported at the bottom of the floor slab (8), and polyurea grouting liquid is poured in to effectively bond the thin stone (12), straw (13), wooden rafters (14), steel strips (10), wooden columns (7) and replacement wood (9). After the polyurea grouting liquid solidifies, a rubber elastic colloid (4) is formed.

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