Wind-solar complementary self-charging system for electric vehicle and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a wind-solar complementary self-charging system for an electric vehicle and a control method, and aims to solve the problems of high charging frequency and endurance anxiety of the electric vehicle. According to the system, idle surface space of a vehicle is creatively utilized, running wind energy is converted into electric energy, and an energy self-circulation system with parking and running dual-mode power generation is constructed. The system comprises a multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system, a wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system, a three-stage energy storage framework and an energy management control system. The multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system increases the generating capacity by enlarging the photovoltaic coverage area and adopting intelligent control; the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system captures running wind energy and chassis turbulence for power generation; the three-stage energy storage architecture realizes stable storage of energy; and the energy management control system coordinates the work of each part. The method can significantly improve the cruising ability of the electric vehicle, and has a good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle energy, and in particular relates to a wind-solar complementary self-charging system and a control method for an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, electric vehicles (EVs) have gradually become the mainstream of the market due to their environmental and energy-saving advantages. However, the high charging frequency and range anxiety of EVs have always been the core pain points that have hindered their development.

[0003] In existing technologies, electric vehicles rely mainly on external charging facilities for energy replenishment. The charging process takes a long time, and the distribution of charging points is not yet fully popular, which brings many inconveniences to users. At the same time, existing technologies have obvious defects in energy recovery and utilization:

[0004] Limitations of photovoltaics: Existing rooftop photovoltaic panels are small, typically ≤2 square meters, resulting in an average daily power generation of less than 5 kWh, which only supports a range of approximately 30 km. Furthermore, due to the curved surfaces of most car bodies, traditional rigid photovoltaic panels are difficult to install, making it difficult to fully utilize the vehicle's surface space.

[0005] Wind energy gap: Cars generate a significant amount of wind energy while driving. However, at speeds up to 120 km / h, this equivalent wind energy is not effectively recovered. Furthermore, the turbulence generated by the vehicle chassis is completely wasted, failing to effectively convert it into energy.

[0006] System bottleneck: Existing electric vehicle energy recovery systems mostly adopt a single power generation mode with low power generation efficiency and lack a multi-energy collaborative management mechanism, making it impossible to achieve optimal energy distribution and efficient utilization.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention proposes a technical solution that can fully utilize the idle space of the vehicle and the energy during driving to build a multi-mode power generation energy self-circulation system to solve the range anxiety problem of electric vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to solve the technical problems of high charging frequency and range anxiety in existing electric vehicles, as well as the limitations of photovoltaic utilization, waste of wind energy resources and lack of coordinated management of the system. It provides an electric vehicle wind-solar complementary self-charging system and control method. By creatively utilizing the idle surface space of the vehicle and converting wind energy into electrical energy while driving, it constructs an energy self-circulation system with dual-mode power generation for parking and driving, thereby improving the range of electric vehicles.

[0009] An electric vehicle wind-solar hybrid self-charging system, comprising a multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system, a wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system, a three-level energy storage architecture, and an energy management and control system;

[0010] The multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system covers the roof, hood and four doors of the electric vehicle, and is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system includes a central air duct structure, a generator array and a chassis wind vortex utilization device, which is used to convert wind energy generated during the driving of the vehicle into electrical energy; the three-level energy storage architecture includes supercapacitors, lithium battery packs and backup lead-acid batteries, which are used to store the electrical energy generated by the multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system and the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system; the energy management and control system are respectively connected to the multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system, the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system and the three-level energy storage architecture, and are used to coordinate and control the operation of each system.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system uses a flexible solar film to cover the total area of ​​the roof, hood, and four doors ≥ 4㎡, and uses a curved surface fitting process to achieve adaptive installation on the curved surface of the vehicle body.

[0012] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system also includes an intelligent control module, which uses MPPT maximum power point tracking technology to dynamically improve conversion efficiency and automatically switches working modes through light sensors, including strong light direct charging mode and weak light trickle charging mode.

[0013] Furthermore, the central air duct structure of the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system is a Φ300mm composite pipe that runs through the cockpit, is located below the gear lever, and is provided with a conical air collecting port at the front. The front diameter of the conical air collecting port is 400mm, which is used to capture driving wind pressure.

[0014] Furthermore, in the generator array of the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system, a micro axial flux generator is installed every 50 cm. The rated voltage of the micro axial flux generator is 12V or 24V, and it adopts a low starting wind speed design and works when the wind speed is ≥3m / s.

[0015] Furthermore, the chassis wind vortex utilization device of the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system includes a guide fin group and a vertical axis fan. The guide fin group guides the chassis turbulence to drive the vertical axis fan to work, and the chassis wind vortex utilization device is provided with a dustproof and waterproof structure.

[0016] Furthermore, in the three-level energy storage architecture, supercapacitors are used to buffer wind power fluctuations, lithium battery packs are used as the main energy storage, and backup lead-acid batteries are used to power emergency systems.

[0017] A control method for a wind-solar hybrid self-charging system for an electric vehicle comprises the following steps:

[0018] (1) Energy collection stage: The multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system collects solar energy through flexible solar film and converts it into electrical energy. The wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system collects wind energy and converts it into electrical energy through the central wind duct structure, generator array and chassis wind vortex utilization device.

[0019] (2) Energy processing stage: The electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is transmitted to the lithium battery pack after DC conversion; the electricity generated by the wind power generation system is transmitted to the supercapacitor after voltage stabilization, and then discharged smoothly from the supercapacitor to the lithium battery pack;

[0020] (3) Energy storage stage: The supercapacitors, lithium battery packs, and backup lead-acid batteries in the three-level energy storage architecture store electrical energy according to the instructions of the energy management control system;

[0021] (4) Energy management stage: The energy management control system coordinates and controls the operation of the multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system, wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system and three-level energy storage architecture according to the working status and energy storage conditions of each system to achieve optimal energy distribution and utilization.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. Revolutionary improvement in battery life

[0024] Photovoltaic gain: Due to the use of large-area flexible solar film and efficient intelligent control modules, the average daily power generation reaches 8-12kWh, a 300% increase compared to existing single-roof panels, sufficient to support the average daily mileage of urban commuting (calculated at 15kWh per 100 kilometers).

[0025] Wind power gain: When the car is traveling at 120 km / h, the system continuously outputs 2.5kW, equivalent to a 20 km / h increase in range. Based on annual mileage, this results in over 1500kWh of wind energy recovered annually, equivalent to a range of 10,000 km.

[0026] 2. Efficient energy utilization: By building an energy self-circulation system with dual-mode power generation for parking and driving, the vehicle fully utilizes the solar energy on the idle surface space of the vehicle and the wind energy during driving, improving energy utilization efficiency and reducing dependence on external charging facilities.

[0027] 3. Enhanced system stability: The three-tier energy storage architecture, with supercapacitors buffering fluctuating wind currents, lithium-ion batteries providing primary energy storage, and backup lead-acid batteries providing emergency power, improves system stability and reliability. Furthermore, the energy management and control system coordinates the various systems, further ensuring stable operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a logic diagram of the wind-solar hybrid self-charging system for electric vehicles of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a principle block diagram of the wind-solar complementary self-charging system for electric vehicles of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0032] The wind-solar hybrid self-charging system for electric vehicles (EVs) comprises a multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system, a wind-to-kinetic energy conversion system, a three-level energy storage architecture, and an energy management and control system. These systems work together to capture, convert, store, and manage energy while the EV is parked and in motion, creating a self-circulating energy system.

[0033] Multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system

[0034] Innovative Spatial Layout: This system utilizes flexible solar film, covering the roof, hood, and four doors of electric vehicles. Through a rational layout design, the total photovoltaic coverage area is ≥4 square meters. Compared to existing rooftop photovoltaic panels with an area of ​​≤2 square meters, this significantly increases the photovoltaic collection area. Furthermore, the system utilizes a curved surface lamination process, allowing it to adapt to the curved structure of the vehicle body, solving the installation difficulties of traditional rigid photovoltaic panels.

[0035] Intelligent control module: The intelligent control module uses MPPT (maximum power point tracking) technology, which can monitor the output power of the photovoltaic array in real time. By adjusting the parameters in the circuit, the photovoltaic array always operates near the maximum power point, thereby dynamically improving the conversion efficiency, and increasing the conversion efficiency from the traditional 22% to 28%. In addition, the module is equipped with a light sensor that can detect the external light intensity in real time. When the light intensity is strong, the system automatically switches to the strong light direct charging mode to quickly charge the energy storage system; when the light intensity is weak, it automatically switches to the weak light trickle charging mode to ensure energy collection even in poor lighting conditions.

[0036] Wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system

[0037] Central air duct structure: The central air duct is a 300mm Φ composite duct that runs through the cockpit and is installed below the gearshift lever. A conical air collector with a front diameter of 400mm is located at the front of the duct. This structural design effectively captures wind pressure during driving and directs wind energy into the duct.

[0038] Generator array: Miniature axial flux generators are installed every 50 cm in the wind duct, with a rated voltage of 12V or 24V. These generators utilize a low-start wind speed design and begin operating when wind speeds are ≥3m / s, fully utilizing wind energy at varying travel speeds.

[0039] Chassis Wind Vortex Utilization: The chassis wind vortex utilization device includes a guide fin assembly and a vertical-axis fan. The guide fin assembly guides the turbulent airflow generated by the chassis, which drives the vertical-axis fan, thereby converting wasted wind energy from the chassis into electrical energy. Furthermore, the device features a dust-proof and waterproof structure, ensuring normal operation even in complex road conditions.

[0040] Three-level energy storage architecture

[0041] The three-level energy storage architecture consists of supercapacitors, lithium-ion battery packs, and backup lead-acid batteries. Supercapacitors, with their fast charge and discharge speeds and long cycle life, are used to buffer the fluctuating currents generated by wind power systems, ensuring stable current input to subsequent energy storage devices. Lithium-ion battery packs, with their high energy density, serve as the primary energy storage device, storing the majority of the electricity generated by photovoltaic and wind power systems and providing the primary power source for electric vehicles. Backup lead-acid batteries are used to power emergency systems in emergencies, ensuring the vehicle's basic safety functions.

[0042] The energy management and control system is the core of the entire system, connecting to the multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system, the wind-to-kinetic energy conversion system, and the three-tier energy storage architecture. It monitors the operating status of each system in real time, including parameters such as the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic panels, the speed and output power of the wind turbines, and the power level of each energy storage device. Based on these monitored parameters, the control system uses corresponding algorithms to analyze and make decisions, coordinating and controlling the operation of each system. For example, when the photovoltaic power generation system is generating sufficient power, the operating status of the wind power generation system can be appropriately adjusted; when the energy storage device power level is low, the output power of the power generation system can be increased, thereby achieving optimal energy distribution and utilization.

[0043] The calculation formula for photovoltaic power generation is as follows:

[0044] Photovoltaic power generation E pv The calculation formula is:

[0045] E pv =H×S×η×K

[0046] Among them, H is the average daily effective sunshine hours (h); S is the total area of ​​​​the photovoltaic panel (m2); η is the photovoltaic conversion efficiency; K is the system loss coefficient, which generally ranges from 0.7 to 0.85.

[0047] In the present invention, the total area of ​​the photovoltaic panels S is ≥ 4 m2, the conversion efficiency η is 28%, if the average daily effective sunshine hours H is 5 hours, and the system loss coefficient K is 0.8, then the average daily photovoltaic power generation is:

[0048] E pv =5×4×0.28×0.8=4.48kWh

[0049] In actual applications, due to factors such as lighting conditions, the average daily power generation can reach 8-12kWh.

[0050] Wind power generation calculation formula

[0051] Wind power generation E wind The calculation formula is:

[0052]

[0053] Where ρ is the air density (kg / m 3 ), take 1.225kg / m 3 ; A is the swept area of ​​the wind wheel (㎡); v is the wind speed (m / s); C p is the wind energy utilization coefficient, ranging from 0.2 to 0.4; t is the power generation time (h);

[0054] K w is the loss coefficient of the wind power generation system, and its value range is 0.7-0.85.

[0055] When the car is traveling at a speed of 120km / h, the wind speed is converted to v = 3.6120 ≈ 33.33m / s. Assuming that the total swept area of ​​the central wind duct and the swept area of ​​the chassis wind vortex utilization device is A = 0.5㎡, the wind energy utilization coefficient C p =0.3, power generation time t=1h, system loss coefficient K w =0.8, then the wind power generation at this time is:

[0056] E wind =21×1.225×0.5×33.333×0.3×1×0.8≈2.5kW

[0057] Consistent with the actual continuous output power.

[0058] Energy balance formula of energy storage system

[0059] The energy balance formula of the energy storage system is:

[0060] Estorag (t) = E storage (t-1)+E pv (t)+E wind (t)-E consumption (t)

[0061] Among them, E storage (t) is the total energy of the energy storage system at time t; E storage (t-1) is the total energy of the energy storage system at time t-1; E pv (t) is the photovoltaic power generation at time t; E wind (t) is the wind power generation at time t; E consumption (t) is the energy consumption of the electric vehicle at time t.

[0062] The energy management and control system monitors the energy changes of the energy storage system in real time based on this formula to ensure the energy supply and demand balance of the energy storage system.

[0063] Practice has proven that this system can significantly improve the endurance of electric vehicles and has good application prospects.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind-solar hybrid self-charging system for electric vehicles, characterized by: It includes a multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system, a wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system, a three-level energy storage architecture, and an energy management and control system; The multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system covers the roof, hood and four doors of the electric vehicle, and is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system includes a central air duct structure, a generator array and a chassis wind vortex utilization device, which is used to convert wind energy generated during the driving of the vehicle into electrical energy; the three-level energy storage architecture includes supercapacitors, lithium battery packs and backup lead-acid batteries, which are used to store the electrical energy generated by the multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system and the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system; the energy management and control system are respectively connected to the multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system, the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system and the three-level energy storage architecture, and are used to coordinate and control the operation of each system.

2. The wind-solar hybrid self-charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system uses flexible solar film to cover the total area of ​​the roof, hood, and four doors ≥ 4㎡, and uses a curved surface fitting process to achieve adaptive installation on the curved surface of the vehicle body.

3. The wind-solar hybrid self-charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system also includes an intelligent control module, which uses MPPT maximum power point tracking technology to dynamically improve conversion efficiency and automatically switches working modes through light sensors, including strong light direct charging mode and weak light trickle charging mode.

4. The wind-solar hybrid self-charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central air duct structure of the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system is a Φ300mm composite pipe that runs through the cockpit, is located below the gear lever, and is provided with a conical air collection port at the front. The front diameter of the conical air collection port is 400mm, which is used to capture driving wind pressure.

5. The wind-solar hybrid self-charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the generator array of the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system, micro axial flux generators are installed every 50 cm. The rated voltage of the micro axial flux generators is 12V or 24V, and they adopt a low starting wind speed design and work when the wind speed is ≥3m / s.

6. The wind-solar hybrid self-charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chassis wind vortex utilization device of the wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system includes a guide fin group and a vertical axis fan. The guide fin group guides the chassis turbulence to drive the vertical axis fan to work, and the chassis wind vortex utilization device is provided with a dustproof and waterproof structure.

7. The wind-solar hybrid self-charging system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the three-level energy storage architecture, supercapacitors are used to buffer wind power fluctuations, lithium battery packs are used as the main energy storage, and backup lead-acid batteries are used to power emergency systems.

8. A control method for a wind-solar hybrid self-charging system for electric vehicles, applied to the wind-solar hybrid self-charging system for electric vehicles according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Energy collection stage: The multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system collects solar energy through flexible solar film and converts it into electrical energy. The wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system collects wind energy and converts it into electrical energy through the central wind duct structure, generator array and chassis wind vortex utilization device. (2) Energy processing stage: The electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is converted into DC and then transmitted to the lithium battery pack; The electricity generated by the wind power generation system is transmitted to the supercapacitor after voltage stabilization, and then discharged smoothly from the supercapacitor to the lithium battery pack; (3) Energy storage stage: The supercapacitors, lithium battery packs, and backup lead-acid batteries in the three-level energy storage architecture store electrical energy according to the instructions of the energy management control system; (4) Energy management stage: The energy management control system coordinates and controls the operation of the multi-dimensional photovoltaic power generation system, wind energy-kinetic energy conversion system and three-level energy storage architecture according to the working status and energy storage conditions of each system to achieve optimal energy distribution and utilization.

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