Multifunctional radiation refrigeration material and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a multifunctional radiation refrigeration material and application thereof, and the multifunctional radiation refrigeration material is used for releasing heat to space through an atmosphere window in an infrared radiation form and reflecting ultraviolet light and / or visible light and / or near-infrared light in sunlight at the same time. The multifunctional radiation refrigeration material comprises a base material and a flame-retardant material, wherein the flame-retardant material comprises one or more of a phosphorus-based material, a nitrogen-based material and a phosphorus-nitrogen-based composite material; the mass percent of the flame-retardant material in the multifunctional radiation refrigeration material is 9%-60%. The multifunctional radiation refrigeration material provided by the invention has excellent flame retardant property and radiation refrigeration effect at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a multifunctional radiation refrigeration material and application thereof, belonging to the field of materials. Background Art

[0002] Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane block the Earth's radiation into outer space, causing the Earth's surface temperature to rise. This temperature increase creates a vicious cycle, further exacerbating global warming. As a result, building energy consumption, especially energy used for cooling in summer, can account for 50% or more of total energy consumption.

[0003] Atmospheric windows are wavelengths with high transmittance, where electromagnetic waves are less likely to be reflected, absorbed, or scattered through the atmosphere. These wavelengths include 0.3-2.5 μm, 3.2-4.8 μm, and 8-13 μm. Radiative cooling involves an object radiating its own heat through these atmospheric windows (primarily the 8-13 μm wavelength band) into space, where the temperature is near absolute zero (-273°C), thereby lowering its surface temperature.

[0004] Existing radiative cooling technologies primarily use organic emulsions / organic substrates combined with inorganic pigments and fillers to create paints / coatings / materials with high solar reflectivity and atmospheric window infrared emissivity. However, paints / fabrics made with organic emulsions / organic substrates often suffer from unfavorable properties such as low oxygen combustion index and supportive combustion, making them unsafe during use. To address this issue, researchers have explored the research and development of various materials.

[0005] Reference 1 discloses a radiation cooling film tape and a preparation method thereof, wherein the radiation cooling film tape comprises a mixed layer of optical adhesive and inorganic particles (also called an optical adhesive coating), a reflective layer, a film substrate, a flame retardant layer, an adhesive layer, and a release layer. Due to the presence of inorganic particles, when there is a fire in the use scenario, a small amount of molten liquid in the outermost optical adhesive layer forms a mixture with the inorganic particles. The inorganic particles are silicate inorganic substances with a melting point of more than a thousand degrees, which will have a certain barrier effect on the continued combustion. At the same time, combined with the effect of the flame retardant in the flame retardant layer, a film with good flame retardant effect is formed as a whole. However, the flame retardant used in the film is a halogen-based flame retardant, which emits toxic smoke and gas while being flame retardant, which will have an adverse effect on the environment, so its application prospects are limited.

[0006] Reference 2 discloses a chitosan (CS)-based fire-resistant radiation cooling aerogel film, in which melamine and phytic acid extracted from plant seeds are added to the film, wherein the phosphate groups in the phytic acid interact with the protonated amino groups of the melamine to form a cross-linked structure (MA / PA complex). The results show that the addition of 10wt%, 20wt% and 30wt% MA / PA complex makes the overall solar reflectivity of the CS-based composite aerogel film reach 72.3%, 81.0% and 89.3%, respectively. Although the composite aerogel can isolate a 500°C fire and exhibit excellent fire safety, the solar reflectivity of the composite aerogel film is only 89.3%, and the infrared emissivity is only 90.4%. It can be seen that it is often difficult to achieve an excellent radiation cooling effect while performing flame retardant modification on the substrate.

[0007] It can be seen that although technicians have conducted certain research on materials that have both good flame retardancy and radiant cooling properties, the effect cannot be said to be sufficient and there is room for further improvement.

[0008] References:

[0009] Reference 1: CN113801594A

[0010] Cited literature 2: Cai W, Lin B, Qi L, et al. Bio-based and fireproof radiativecooling aerogel film: Achieving higher sustainability and safety [J]. ChemicalEngineering Journal, 2024, 488(000): 12. DOI: 10.1016 / j.cej.2024.150784. Summary of the Invention

[0011] Problems to be solved by the invention

[0012] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional radiation cooling material. By using a specific flame retardant material and adjusting its content to an appropriate range, the radiation cooling material can have good flame retardant properties while improving its reflectivity in the solar band (0.3-2.5 μm) and high infrared emissivity in the atmospheric window (mainly 8-13 μm), thereby achieving both excellent flame retardant properties and radiation cooling effects.

[0013] In addition, the present invention also proposes the use of this material in the preparation of paints, coatings, films, plates, blocks, foamed materials, fibers or fabrics for radiative cooling.

[0014] Furthermore, the present invention also proposes a radiation cooling composite structure based on the material.

[0015] Solutions for solving problems

[0016] The present invention first provides a multifunctional radiation cooling material, wherein the multifunctional radiation cooling material is used to release heat into space through an atmospheric window in the form of infrared radiation, while reflecting ultraviolet light and / or visible light and / or near-infrared light in sunlight. The multifunctional radiation cooling material includes a base material and a flame retardant material;

[0017] The flame retardant material comprises one or more of a phosphorus-based material, a nitrogen-based material and a phosphorus-nitrogen-based composite material; the mass percentage of the flame retardant material in the multifunctional radiation refrigeration material is 9% to 60%.

[0018] According to the multifunctional radiative cooling material of the present invention, the phosphorus-based material includes one or more of diethylphosphinate and inorganic hypophosphite; and / or the nitrogen-based material includes one or more of melamine, melamine formaldehyde, melamine cyanurate, and triglycidyl isocyanurate; and / or the phosphorus-nitrogen-based composite material includes one or more of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, and melamine polyphosphate;

[0019] The average particle size of the flame retardant material particles or the average linear diameter of the fibers is 0.1 to 60 μm.

[0020] According to the multifunctional radiative cooling material of the present invention, the matrix material comprises an organic polymer material and / or an inorganic material, wherein the organic polymer material comprises one or more of tertiary carbon emulsion, tertiary carbon silane emulsion, fluorocarbon emulsion, polyvinylidene fluoride, acrylic emulsion and polydimethylsiloxane, polyester, nylon, and spandex; the inorganic material comprises one or more of silicates, phosphates, aluminates, and oxides, wherein the silicates comprise one or more of silica sol, potassium silicate, lithium silicate, lithium magnesium silicate, glass fiber, and ceramic fiber; the phosphates comprise aluminum dihydrogen phosphate; the aluminates comprise aluminum sol; and the oxides comprise one or more of quartz glass fiber, alumina fiber, and zirconia fiber;

[0021] The mass percentage of the matrix material in the multifunctional radiation cooling material is 20% to 60%.

[0022] According to the multifunctional radiative cooling material of the present invention, the multifunctional radiative cooling material further comprises auxiliary materials, and the auxiliary materials comprise one or more of inorganic particle materials, inorganic fiber materials and hollow core-shell materials having an electron band gap greater than 4.1 eV.

[0023] According to the multifunctional radiative cooling material of the present invention, the mass percentage of the auxiliary material in the radiative cooling material is 0 to 40%.

[0024] According to the multifunctional radiative cooling material of the present invention, the inorganic particle material with an electron band gap greater than 4.1eV includes one or more of barium sulfate, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silica, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium borate, barium borate, boron nitride, zinc metaborate, barium metaborate, and calcium metaborate; the inorganic fiber material includes one or two or more synthetic fibers of aluminum silicate fiber, silicon dioxide fiber, aluminum oxide fiber, and zirconium oxide fiber; and / or the hollow core-shell material includes one or more of hollow glass microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, aerogels, and hollow polymers.

[0025] According to the multifunctional radiative cooling material of the present invention, the solar reflectivity of the multifunctional radiative cooling material in the 0.3-2.5 μm band is greater than 95%; and / or the flame retardant grade of the multifunctional radiative cooling material is B1 or above.

[0026] The multifunctional radiative cooling material according to the present invention is used in preparing coatings, coatings, films, plates, blocks, foamed materials, fibers or fabrics for radiative cooling.

[0027] In addition, the present invention also provides a radiative cooling composite structure, which includes a substrate or a main body, and the multifunctional radiative cooling material according to the present invention fixed on the surface of the substrate or the main body.

[0028] According to the radiative cooling composite structure of the present invention, the substrate is one of metal, plastic, rubber, concrete, cement, asphalt, paper, textile, wood, tile, glass or organic synthetic materials; and / or the main body is one of buildings, photovoltaic components, automobiles, outdoor products, agricultural, animal husbandry and aquatic equipment, aerospace equipment, cold chain transportation equipment, outdoor cabinets and tanks, textile industry equipment, outdoor communication equipment, public facilities, cooling water systems or energy-saving equipment.

[0029] Effects of the Invention

[0030] The present invention overcomes the problems of low oxygen combustion index and combustion-supporting when organic materials are used as base materials by adding flame retardant materials to the base material, effectively improving the flame retardant effect of the radiation cooling material. At the same time, the flame retardant materials used can improve the reflectivity of the radiation cooling material, so that the material has high reflectivity in the solar band (0.3-2.5μm) and high infrared emissivity in the atmospheric window (mainly 8-13μm), further improving the radiation cooling effect of the material.

[0031] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the flame retardant material used in the present invention does not contain halogen elements, has good flame retardant effect, is non-volatile and does not produce corrosive gases when burned, has low VOC, is friendly to the environment and human health, and is scrub-resistant. It can be used as a high-requirement indoor coating and has broad application prospects.

[0032] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the radiative cooling material of the present invention has an infrared emissivity of more than 95% and a solar reflectivity of more than 95%.

[0033] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the radiative cooling material of the present invention uses a specific matrix material, which can improve the adhesion problem of different substrates, and at the same time has the advantages of good weather resistance (especially water, light, heat, and oxygen resistance), long service life, not easy to crack, and good surface stain resistance.

[0034] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the inorganic particle material used in the radiation cooling material of the present invention has an electronic band gap greater than 4.1eV, does not absorb ultraviolet light, and has a radiation cooling effect significantly better than white fillers such as titanium dioxide added to conventional coatings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as superior or preferred over other embodiments.

[0036] In addition, numerous specific details are provided in the following detailed description to better illustrate the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be practiced without certain specific details. In other instances, methods, means, equipment, and steps well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the main points of the present invention.

[0037] Unless otherwise stated, the units used in this specification are international standard units, and the numerical values ​​and numerical ranges appearing in the present invention should be understood to include the inevitable systematic errors in industrial production.

[0038] In this specification, the use of "may" includes both the meaning of performing a certain process and the meaning of not performing a certain process.

[0039] In this specification, references to "some specific / preferred embodiments," "other specific / preferred embodiments," "embodiments," etc., mean that the specific elements (e.g., features, structures, properties, and / or characteristics) described in connection with the embodiments are included in at least one embodiment described herein, and may or may not be present in other embodiments. In addition, it should be understood that the elements may be combined in various embodiments in any suitable manner.

[0040] In this specification, the numerical range expressed using "a numerical value A to a numerical value B" means a range including the endpoints A and B.

[0041] <First Aspect>

[0042] The first aspect of the present invention mainly provides a multifunctional radiation cooling material, which is used to release heat into space through the atmospheric window in the form of infrared radiation, while reflecting ultraviolet light and / or visible light and / or near-infrared light in sunlight. The radiation cooling material includes a base material and a flame retardant material; wherein the flame retardant material includes one or more of a phosphorus-based material, a nitrogen-based material, and a phosphorus-nitrogen-based composite material. The multifunctional radiation cooling material has both excellent flame retardancy and radiation cooling effects.

[0043] Base material

[0044] Existing radiative cooling technologies primarily use organic emulsions / organic substrates compounded with inorganic pigments and fillers to create paints / coatings / materials with high solar reflectivity and atmospheric window infrared emissivity. However, radiative cooling paints / coatings using organic materials as base binders have the following drawbacks: ignition and combustion support, poor adhesion, insufficient water resistance, susceptibility to powdering, mold, and yellowing, a short service life, poor scrub resistance, and insufficient environmental friendliness.

[0045] To this end, the matrix material used in the present invention includes an organic polymer material and / or an inorganic material, thereby overcoming the above-mentioned problems when using an organic material as the matrix material.

[0046] There is no particular limitation on the type of organic polymer material in the present invention. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the organic polymer material may include one or more of tertiary carbon emulsion, tertiary carbon silane emulsion, fluorocarbon emulsion, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), acrylic emulsion, polydimethylsiloxane, polyester, nylon, spandex, etc. Among them, when used as a material for coatings and other coatings, higher requirements are placed on adhesion and weather resistance. From the perspective of adhesion and weather resistance, one or more of tertiary carbon emulsion, tertiary carbon silane emulsion, fluorocarbon emulsion, polyvinylidene fluoride, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), etc. are preferred.

[0047] Tertiary carbon emulsion is a room-temperature self-crosslinking emulsion based on vinyl ester carbonate and vinyl neodecanoate as primary monomers. The abundant alkyl groups in its molecular chain create a significant steric hindrance, resulting in excellent water resistance. Furthermore, the presence of large, lipid-soluble groups significantly reduces the surface tension of polymers, resulting in excellent adhesion and cohesive strength. As a result, tertiary carbon emulsions offer a balanced combination of rigidity and flexibility, high bonding strength, rapid crystallization, and excellent water, alkali, and weather resistance. Furthermore, the addition of silanes further enhances water whitening resistance and weather resistance.

[0048] There is no particular limitation on the type of inorganic material. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the inorganic material may include one or more of silicates, phosphates, aluminates, and oxides. The silicates may include one or more of silica sol, potassium silicate, lithium silicate, lithium magnesium silicate, glass fiber, and ceramic fiber. The phosphates may include aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, the aluminates may include aluminum sol, and the oxides may include one or more of quartz glass fiber, alumina fiber, and zirconia fiber. The inorganic material may generally provide adhesion while having a synergistic flame retardant effect.

[0049] In some more specific embodiments, when a textile fabric is used as the substrate, it may preferably contain glass fiber, for example, a fabric made of glass fiber or a fabric made of a composite of glass fiber and other materials, examples of which include glass fiber cloth and glass fiber aluminum foil cloth.

[0050] The mass percentage of the matrix material in the radiation cooling material is 30% to 60%, for example, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, etc.

[0051] In some specific embodiments, when the matrix material is a combination of an organic polymer material and an inorganic material, the mass ratio of the organic polymer material to the inorganic material is not particularly limited.

[0052] flame retardant materials

[0053] The flame retardant material of the present invention comprises one or more of phosphorus-based materials, nitrogen-based materials and phosphorus-nitrogen-based composite materials, wherein phosphorus-based materials, nitrogen-based materials and phosphorus-nitrogen-based composite materials refer to phosphorus-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds and compounds containing phosphorus and nitrogen, respectively.

[0054] The mass percentage of the flame retardant material in the radiant cooling material is 9% to 60%, for example, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, etc. Generally speaking, the amount of flame retardants used in radiant cooling materials is usually small in order to avoid the impact of the flame retardant on the radiant cooling effect. However, the inventors of the present invention have found that when specific flame retardant materials and their combinations are used and their content is controlled within the above-mentioned content range, not only can their flame retardant properties be fully exerted, but also the radiant cooling material can be given better flame retardant performance while improving its reflectivity in the solar band (0.3 to 2.5 μm), thereby achieving both excellent flame retardant performance and radiant cooling effect.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, the phosphorus-based material may include one or more of diethylphosphinate, inorganic hypophosphite, etc., wherein at least one of diethylphosphinate aluminum (ADP) and inorganic hypophosphite aluminum (ALHP) is preferred. When the phosphorus-based material is heated, it decomposes into phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, polymetaphosphoric acid, etc. These phosphoric acids have strong dehydrating properties and can dehydrate and carbonize the polymer surface, while the elemental carbon cannot evaporate and burn and decompose to produce flames, thereby playing a flame retardant role. On the other hand, the phosphorus-based flame retardant generates PO when heated. · Free radicals can absorb a large amount of H·HO· free radicals, thereby interrupting the combustion reaction. Phosphorus-based materials used as flame retardants have the advantages of being halogen-free, low-toxic, stable, and having long-lasting effects. Among them, ADP can promote the formation of dense coke by catalyzing cross-linking reactions, significantly improving residual toughness and strength. When used alone, ADP mainly acts in the gas phase. When used in combination with other flame retardants, it can change the flame retardant mechanism and transform into a dominant role in the condensation phase. For example, when ADP is used in combination with melamine phosphate, which will be described later, a well-structured carbon layer can be formed, which plays a role in heat insulation and oxygen isolation, and has an excellent flame retardant effect.

[0056] In some specific embodiments, the nitrogen-based material may include one or more of melamine, melamine formaldehyde, melamine cyanurate (MCA), triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), etc. When heated, the nitrogen-based material releases CO2, NH3, N2 gas, and H2O, reducing the concentration of oxygen in the air and combustible gases generated by thermal decomposition of the polymer. The generated non-combustible gas removes some heat, lowering the temperature of the polymer surface. Furthermore, the generated N2 can capture free radicals, inhibiting chain reactions in the polymer matrix and thus preventing combustion.

[0057] In some specific embodiments, the phosphorus-nitrogen composite material may include one or more of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine phosphate (MP), melamine pyrophosphate (MYP), and melamine polyphosphate (MPP). Melamine polyphosphate is preferred for improving flame retardancy and radiant cooling. When a polymer material containing the phosphorus-nitrogen composite material is heated, a uniform layer of carbon foam forms on its surface. This layer provides heat insulation, oxygen isolation, smoke suppression, and prevents the formation of molten droplets, resulting in excellent flame retardancy. Phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants have the advantages of minimal volatility, non-toxicity, good compatibility with polymers, high decomposition temperature, and suitable processing.

[0058] The present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the average particle size of the flame retardant material or the average linear diameter of the fiber, and can be selected as needed. From the perspective of improving visible light reflectivity and near-infrared reflectivity, the average particle size of the flame retardant material or the average linear diameter of the fiber used in the present invention is 0.1 to 60 μm. The average particle size of the present invention refers to the volume average particle size, and the average linear diameter of the fiber refers to the average cross-sectional diameter of the fiber, for example, it can be 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 2.5 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm, etc.

[0059] Supplementary Materials

[0060] In some specific embodiments, the radiative cooling material of the present invention may further include auxiliary materials, wherein the auxiliary materials include one or more of inorganic particle materials, inorganic fiber materials, and hollow core-shell materials having an electronic band gap greater than 4.1 eV.

[0061] The inorganic material with an electronic band gap greater than 4.1 eV may include one or more of barium sulfate, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silica, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium borate, barium borate, boron nitride, zinc metaborate, barium metaborate, and calcium metaborate. The present invention utilizes inorganic particulate materials with an electronic band gap greater than 4.1 eV, which do not absorb ultraviolet light and offer superior radiative cooling effects to white fillers such as titanium dioxide added to conventional coatings. Furthermore, the materials can enhance wear resistance, reduce costs, and provide synergistic flame retardancy.

[0062] There is no particular limitation on the average particle size of the inorganic particulate material, which may be 0.1 to 30 μm, for example, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 2.5 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, etc.

[0063] The inorganic fiber material includes one or a synthetic fiber of two or more of aluminum silicate (Al2O3·SiO2) fiber, silicon dioxide (SiO2) fiber, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) fiber, and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) fiber.

[0064] The hollow core-shell material may include one or more of hollow glass microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, aerogels, hollow polymers, etc. The hollow core-shell material can form a refractive index gradient, improve reflectivity, and achieve lightweighting.

[0065] There is no particular limitation on the average particle size of the hollow core-shell material, which may be 0.1 to 100 μm, for example, 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, etc.

[0066] In some preferred embodiments, the mass percentage of the auxiliary material in the radiation cooling material can be 0-40%, for example, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, etc.

[0067] Solvents and other additives

[0068] The radiative cooling material of the present invention may contain solvents and other auxiliary agents within the scope not impairing the effects of the present invention.

[0069] The radiative cooling material of the present invention, especially the radiative cooling coating, may contain a certain amount of solvent, such as water or organic solvents such as alcohol solvents and dimethylamide solvents, or a mixed solvent of the above solvents.

[0070] In other specific embodiments of the present invention, the radiative cooling material of the present invention may further include other additives as needed. The other additives may include one or more of a wetting agent, a defoaming agent, a dispersant, a thickener, a pH regulator, and a film-forming aid. There is no particular limitation on the specific type. The mass percentage of the other additives in the radiative cooling material may be 0.5% to 5%, preferably 0.5% to 2%. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the wetting agent includes but is not limited to anionic wetting agents or nonionic wetting agents. Anionic wetting agents include sodium fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, or sodium hydroxymethyl dodecyl carboxylate. Nonionic wetting agents include polyoxyethylene ethers such as alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (APEO), high carbon fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO), or fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester (AE). Defoamers include, but are not limited to, modified polysiloxanes, special hydrocarbon compounds, hydrophobic particles and hydrocarbons, nonionic surfactants, or modified silicone defoamers. Modified polysiloxanes include amino-modified polysiloxanes, polyether-modified polysiloxanes, or acrylic polysiloxanes, such as the commercially available Digo 902W. Special hydrocarbon compounds include the commercially available Deqian W-090 or W-092. Hydrophobic particles and hydrocarbons include the commercially available BYK-011. Nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene amine or polyoxyethylene amide. Modified silicone defoamers include the commercially available KLD-970 or LH-511. Dispersants include, but are not limited to, at least one of carboxylic acid amine salts, polyacrylates, sodium polycarboxylates, polymethacrylates, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, starch, and sodium alginate. Thickeners include, but are not limited to, cellulosic thickeners, gelling clays, polyurethane thickeners, alkali-swellable thickeners, and combinations thereof. pH regulators include but are not limited to commonly used acid regulators, alkaline regulators or buffers, etc. Film-forming aids include but are not limited to alcohol esters, alcohol ethers or combinations thereof, such as lauryl alcohol ester, tripropylene glycol butyl ether or combinations thereof.

[0071] Multifunctional radiative cooling materials

[0072] The multifunctional radiation cooling material of the present invention has a solar reflectivity of more than 95%, preferably more than 96%, and more preferably more than 97% during the day, and an infrared emissivity of more than 95%, preferably more than 96%, and more preferably more than 97%. It has a good radiation cooling effect, good adhesion, weather resistance and a long service life.

[0073] The multifunctional radiation cooling material of the present invention has good radiation cooling effect and also has excellent flame retardant properties. The flame retardant grade of the radiation cooling material is B1 or above, for example, B1 or A.

[0074] Preparation method of multifunctional radiation refrigeration material

[0075] The multifunctional radiative cooling material of the present invention is prepared by blending all of the ingredients. The specific preparation method is not particularly limited, and conventional methods can be employed, such as blending the ingredients and kneading them using a mixer, roller, or kneader at room temperature or under heating, or dissolving and mixing the ingredients using a solvent.

[0076] <Second Aspect>

[0077] The second aspect of the present invention provides use of the multifunctional radiative cooling material according to the first aspect in preparing coatings, coatings, films, plates, blocks, foamed materials, fibers or fabrics for radiative cooling.

[0078] In some embodiments of the present invention, the coating is an emulsion product prepared by conventionally mixing a flame retardant material with a base material, optional auxiliary materials, and a suitable solvent. In other embodiments of the present invention, the film is a film of varying refractive indices formed by combining the flame retardant material, optional auxiliary materials, and a base material film with multiple layers of interlayered particles, or by interlayering particles with a silver-plated base layer.

[0079] In other embodiments of the present invention, the flame retardant material and the base material can be blended in a certain proportion and spun, including but not limited to electrospinning, wet spinning, melt spinning, and needle-punched non-woven fabrics to produce radiation-cooled spinning fibers or fabrics. In other embodiments of the present invention, the base material and the flame retardant material are blended and produced by melt blending and extrusion in an injection molding machine. Preferably, the blending and extrusion can be performed in a foaming manner to produce a foamed plate. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in order to obtain better radiation cooling effect, the average thickness of the prepared radiation cooling material (such as coating thickness, film thickness, plate thickness or fabric thickness) is preferably above 50 μm. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, if it is a coating material, the coating thickness can be 100-800 μm, further 250-500 μm, if it is a membrane material, the membrane material thickness can be 50-600 μm, further 100-300 μm, if it is a plate such as a foamed plate, the thickness can be above 1 mm, if it is a fabric, the average thickness can also be above 1 mm, if the average diameter (wire diameter) of the prepared radiation cooling spinning fiber can be 50-800 μm.

[0080] <Third Aspect>

[0081] A third aspect of the present invention provides a radiative cooling composite structure comprising a substrate or body, and the multifunctional radiative cooling material according to the first aspect, fixed to the surface of the substrate or body. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the substrate is one of metal, plastic, rubber, concrete, cement, asphalt, paper, textile, wood, tile, glass, or an organic synthetic material; and / or the body is one of a building, photovoltaic module, automobile, outdoor product, agricultural, animal husbandry, and aquatic equipment, aerospace equipment, cold chain transportation equipment, outdoor cabinets and tanks, textile industry equipment, outdoor communications equipment, public facilities, cooling water systems, or energy-saving equipment.

[0082] Example

[0083] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Where specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the methods were performed according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Where the manufacturers of the reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0084] Some of the substances used in the examples are as follows: dispersant: San Nopco SN-5040 polycarboxylate sodium salt dispersant; wetting agent: Clariant LCN407; defoaming agent: Digo 902W; thickener: hydroxyethyl cellulose HBR250; pH adjuster: AMP95.

[0085] The data in the examples were tested using the following method:

[0086] 1. Reflectivity: A UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer Lambda 950) was used to measure the reflectivity of the coating in the solar spectrum (0.3-2.5 μm). Reflectivity is the weighted average of the product of the energy in the band and the reflectivity in the band.

[0087] 2. Emissivity: The atmospheric window emissivity (8-14 μm) of the coating was tested using a Thermo Scientific Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Model 6700) with an integrating sphere.

[0088] 3. Flame retardancy: The flame retardancy rating of the examples and comparative examples was evaluated in accordance with GB 8624-2012.

[0089] 4. Adhesion: The adhesion levels of the examples and comparative examples were evaluated in accordance with GB / T 9286-2021.

[0090] Example 1

[0091] A multifunctional radiant cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 20% deionized water, 20% tertiary carbon silane emulsion, 38% barium sulfate, 20% melamine phosphate (MPP) (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 0.3% wetting agent, 0.6% dispersant, 0.4% defoaming agent, 0.6% thickener and 0.1% pH regulator.

[0092] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0093] Step (1): Deionized water, tertiary carbon silane emulsion, barium sulfate, MPP, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a defoaming agent, and a pH adjuster were mixed and dispersed and stirred in a disperser set at a speed of 1200 rpm for 1 hour. A thickener was then added and the mixture was dispersed and stirred in the disperser for another 30 minutes to obtain a functional coating.

[0094] Step (2): The prepared functional coating is applied on an aluminum plate substrate by brushing or spraying, and the coating is applied in batches to a thickness of 500 μm.

[0095] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 97.9%, the emissivity is 0.95, the combustion performance grade is B1, and the adhesion grade is 0.

[0096] Example 2

[0097] A multifunctional radiant cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 10% deionized water, 30% tertiary carbon silane emulsion, 58% melamine phosphate (MPP) (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 0.3% wetting agent, 0.6% dispersant, 0.4% defoaming agent, 0.6% thickener and 0.1% pH regulator.

[0098] Step (1): Deionized water, tertiary carbosilane emulsion, MPP, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a defoaming agent, and a pH adjuster were mixed and dispersed and stirred in a disperser set at a speed of 1200 rpm for 1 hour. A thickener was then added and the mixture was dispersed and stirred in the disperser for another 30 minutes to obtain a functional coating.

[0099] Step (2): Same as step (2) of Example 1.

[0100] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 98.2%, the emissivity is 0.95, the combustion performance grade is B1, and the adhesion grade is 1.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] A multifunctional radiant cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 10% deionized water, 25% tertiary carbon silane emulsion, 20% barium sulfate, 3% fumed silica, 10% hollow glass microspheres, 25% melamine phosphate (MPP) (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 5% aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 0.3% wetting agent, 0.6% dispersant, 0.4% defoaming agent, 0.6% thickener and 0.1% pH regulator.

[0103] Step (1): Deionized water, tertiary carbon silane emulsion, barium sulfate, fumed silica, MPP, ADP, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a defoamer, and a pH adjuster were mixed and dispersed and stirred in a disperser set at a speed of 1200 rpm for 1 hour. A thickener was then added and the disperser was continued to disperse and stir for 30 minutes. Finally, hollow glass microspheres were added and the speed was set at 300 rpm and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a functional coating.

[0104] Step (2): Same as step (2) of Example 1.

[0105] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 96.2%, the emissivity is 0.95, the combustion performance grade is B1, and the adhesion grade is 0.

[0106] Example 4

[0107] A multifunctional radiant cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 10% deionized water, 28% tertiary carbosilane emulsion, 20% aluminum oxide, 5% aerogel, 10% hollow polymer, 25% melamine phosphate (MP) (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 0.3% wetting agent, 0.6% dispersant, 0.4% defoaming agent, 0.6% thickener and 0.1% pH regulator.

[0108] Step (1): Deionized water, tertiary carbosilane emulsion, aluminum oxide, aerogel, MP, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a defoamer, and a pH adjuster were mixed and dispersed and stirred in a disperser set at a speed of 1200 rpm for 1 hour. A thickener was then added and the disperser was continued to disperse and stir for 30 minutes. Finally, the hollow polymer was added and the speed was set at 300 rpm and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a functional coating.

[0109] Step (2): Same as step (2) of Example 1.

[0110] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 97.5%, the emissivity is 0.93, the combustion performance grade is B1, and the adhesion grade is 0.

[0111] Example 5

[0112] A multifunctional radiant cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 10% deionized water, 25% fluorocarbon emulsion, 25% calcium carbonate, 3% fumed silica, 10% hollow ceramic microspheres, 25% ammonium polyphosphate (APP) (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 0.3% wetting agent, 0.6% dispersant, 0.4% defoaming agent, 0.6% thickener and 0.1% pH regulator.

[0113] Step (1): Deionized water, fluorocarbon emulsion, calcium carbonate, fumed silica, APP, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a defoamer, and a pH adjuster were mixed and dispersed and stirred in a disperser set at a speed of 1200 rpm for 1 hour. A thickener was then added and the disperser was continued to disperse and stir for 30 minutes. Finally, hollow ceramic microspheres were added and the speed was set at 300 rpm and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a functional coating.

[0114] Step (2): Same as step (2) of Example 1.

[0115] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 96.5%, the emissivity is 0.96, the combustion performance grade is B1, and the adhesion grade is 1.

[0116] Example 6

[0117] A multifunctional radiant cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 10% deionized water, 20% tertiary carbosilane emulsion, 20% barium sulfate, 8% zirconium dioxide, 15% hollow polymer, 25% melamine cyanurate (MCA) (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 0.3% wetting agent, 0.6% dispersant, 0.4% defoaming agent, 0.6% thickener and 0.1% pH regulator.

[0118] Step (1): Deionized water, tertiary carbon silane emulsion, barium sulfate, zirconium dioxide, MCA, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a defoamer, and a pH adjuster were mixed and dispersed and stirred in a disperser set at a speed of 1200 rpm for 1 hour. A thickener was then added and the disperser was continued to disperse and stir for 30 minutes. Finally, the hollow polymer was added and the speed was set at 300 rpm and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a functional coating.

[0119] Step (2): Same as step (2) of Example 1.

[0120] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 95.3%, the emissivity is 0.93, the combustion performance grade is B1, and the adhesion grade is 0.

[0121] Example 7

[0122] A multifunctional radiant cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 15% PVDF, 10% barium sulfate, 5% calcium carbonate, 2% aerogel, 12% melamine pyrophosphate (MYP) (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 40% dimethylformamide, and 16% dimethylacetamide.

[0123] Step (1): prepare a dimethylformamide mixture with a mass ratio of dimethylformamide to dimethylacetamide = 5:2, place the mixture in a conical flask and cover the bottle cap tightly, place it in a water bath, and disperse and stir with a disperser for 10 minutes;

[0124] Step (2): Weigh PVDF powder particles according to the proportion and slowly add them to a stirred conical flask. Turn on the disperser to heat the water bath to maintain the temperature at 60°C. Stir continuously for 4 hours until the PVDF is completely dissolved into a clear liquid.

[0125] Step (3): Weigh barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, aerogel, and MYP in proportion, slowly add them into a stirred conical flask, and continue stirring for 2 hours using a disperser;

[0126] Step (4): placing the mixture of step (3) in an ultrasonic environment and vibrating and degassing for 10 minutes to obtain a functional coating;

[0127] Step (5): The functional coating is cast or spin-coated to form a multifunctional radiative cooling film with a thickness of 800 μm.

[0128] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 95.9%, the emissivity is 0.96, and the combustion performance grade is B1.

[0129] Example 8

[0130] A multifunctional radiation cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 5% deionized water, 40% PDMS (containing 10% curing agent), 15% barium sulfate, 5% fumed silica, 20% MCA (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), and 15% ethanol.

[0131] Step (1): Weigh the ethanol solution and deionized water in proportion and mix them evenly; weigh the PDMS main agent in proportion and add it to the mixed solution of water and ethanol, and disperse and stir for 10 minutes to form a uniform PDMS mixed solution;

[0132] Step (2): weighing barium sulfate, fumed silica, MCA and PDMS curing agent in proportion and adding them to the PDMS mixed solution, and dispersing and stirring for 60 minutes using a disperser to obtain a functional coating;

[0133] Step (3): Take the cleaned and dried aluminum alloy template and evenly apply the functional coating to the surface of the aluminum alloy template to form a flat and uniform coating with a thickness of 600 μm. Place the coating in an oven and bake at 80°C for 60 minutes to obtain a multifunctional radiant cooling film.

[0134] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 95.6%, the emissivity is 0.96, and the combustion performance grade is B1.

[0135] Example 9

[0136] A multifunctional radiant cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 5% deionized water, 40% PDMS (containing 10% curing agent), 5% yttrium oxide, 10% hollow glass microspheres, 20% MPP (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 5% inorganic aluminum hypophosphite (ALHP) (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), and 15% ethanol.

[0137] Step (1): same as step (1) of Example 8;

[0138] Step (2): Yttrium oxide, MPP, ALHP and PDMS curing agent were weighed in proportion and added to the PDMS mixed solution, dispersed and stirred for 60 minutes using a disperser, and then hollow glass microspheres were added. The speed was set to 300 rpm and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a functional coating;

[0139] Step (3): Same as step (3) of Example 8.

[0140] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 97.1%, the emissivity is 0.97, and the combustion performance grade is B1.

[0141] Example 10

[0142] A multifunctional radiant cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 15% PVDF, 10% aluminum oxide, 2% boron nitride, 5% hollow glass microspheres, 12% MP (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 40% dimethylformamide, and 16% dimethylacetamide.

[0143] Step (1): same as step (1) of Example 7;

[0144] Step (2): same as step (2) of Example 7;

[0145] Step (3): Weigh aluminum oxide, boron nitride, and MP in proportion, slowly add them to a stirred conical flask, continue stirring for 2 hours using a disperser, then add hollow glass microspheres, set the speed to 300 rpm, and stir for 10 minutes;

[0146] Step (4): same as step (4) of Example 7;

[0147] Step (5): Same as step (5) of Example 7.

[0148] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 95.1%, the emissivity is 0.96, and the combustion performance grade is B1.

[0149] Example 11

[0150] A multifunctional radiant cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 10% deionized water, 8% tertiary carbon silane emulsion, 15% potassium silicate, 9% silica sol, 15% barium sulfate, 10% aerogel, 5% fumed silica, 5% hollow glass microspheres, 20% MPP (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 0.5% wetting agent, 1% dispersant, 1% defoaming agent and 0.5% thickener.

[0151] Step (1): Deionized water, tertiary carbon silane emulsion, potassium silicate, silica sol, barium sulfate, aerogel, fumed silica, MPP, a wetting agent, a dispersant, and a defoamer were mixed and dispersed and stirred in a disperser set at a speed of 1200 rpm for 1 hour. A thickener was then added and the disperser was continued to disperse and stir for 30 minutes. Finally, hollow glass microspheres were added and the speed was set at 300 rpm and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a functional coating.

[0152] Step (2): Same as step (2) of Example 1.

[0153] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 96.6%, the emissivity is 0.95, the combustion performance grade is A, and the adhesion grade is 1.

[0154] Example 12

[0155] A multifunctional radiant cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 10% deionized water, 8% tert-acrylic emulsion, 15% lithium silicate, 9% aluminum sol, 15% aluminum oxide, 10% aerogel, 5% fumed silica, 5% hollow ceramic microspheres, 20% MCA (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 0.5% wetting agent, 1% dispersant, 1% defoaming agent and 0.5% thickener.

[0156] Step (1): Deionized water, tert-acrylic emulsion, lithium silicate, aluminum sol, aluminum oxide, aerogel, fumed silica, MCA, a wetting agent, a dispersant, and a defoamer were mixed and dispersed and stirred in a disperser set at a speed of 1200 rpm for 1 hour. A thickener was then added and the disperser was continued to disperse and mix for 30 minutes. Finally, hollow ceramic microbeads were added and the speed was set at 300 rpm and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a functional coating.

[0157] Step (2): Same as step (2) of Example 1.

[0158] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 96.0%, the emissivity is 0.94, the combustion performance grade is A, and the adhesion grade is 1.

[0159] Example 13

[0160] A multifunctional radiant cooling block material, comprising, by mass percentage, 10% deionized water, 15% tertiary carbon silane emulsion, 15% potassium silicate, 9% silica sol, 10% aerogel, 5% fumed silica, 10% hollow glass microspheres, 15% MP (particle size 0.1-60 μm), 8% melamine formaldehyde foam (density 16 kg / m 3 ), 0.5% wetting agent, 1% dispersant, 1% defoaming agent and 0.5% thickener.

[0161] Step (1): Deionized water, tertiary carbon silane emulsion, potassium silicate, silica sol, aerogel, fumed silica, MP, a wetting agent, a dispersant, and a defoamer were mixed and dispersed and stirred in a disperser set at a speed of 1200 rpm for 1 hour. A thickener was then added and the disperser was continued to disperse and stir for 30 minutes. Finally, hollow glass microspheres were added and the speed was set at 300 rpm and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a functional coating.

[0162] Step (2): Melamine formaldehyde foam (density 16kg / m 3 , with a thickness of 1 mm) is completely immersed in the above functional coating for 10 minutes. After it is fully absorbed, it is taken out and dried at 40-60°C to obtain a functional block material.

[0163] The reflectivity of the block material obtained from the test is 95.5%, the emissivity is 0.94, and the combustion performance grade is A.

[0164] Example 14

[0165] A radiant cooling paint comprises, by mass percentage, 10% deionized water, 30% acrylic emulsion, 23% calcium carbonate, 5% aerogel, 30% MPP (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 0.3% wetting agent, 0.6% dispersant, 0.4% defoaming agent, 0.6% thickener and 0.1% pH regulator.

[0166] Step (1): Deionized water, acrylic emulsion, calcium carbonate, aerogel, MPP, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a defoaming agent, and a pH adjuster were mixed and dispersed and stirred in a disperser set at a speed of 1200 rpm for 1 hour. A thickener was then added and the mixture was dispersed and stirred in the disperser for another 30 minutes to obtain a functional coating.

[0167] Step (2): Same as step (2) of Example 1.

[0168] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 95.6%, the emissivity is 0.93, the combustion performance grade is B1, and the adhesion grade is 2.

[0169] Example 15

[0170] A multifunctional radiant cooling fabric, the preparation steps of which include: preparing melamine formaldehyde foam (density 9.5kg / m 3 , thickness of 2mm), low-density PE film (weight of 18g / m 2 ), fiberglass cloth (weight 160g / m 2 ), stacked in order from top to bottom, and subjected to heat compression treatment (temperature 120-150° C., pressure 5-10 MPa) for 1 hour to obtain a composite fabric.

[0171] The fabric obtained from the test has a reflectivity of 94.5%, an emissivity of 0.94, and a flammability rating of B1.

[0172] Comparative Example 1

[0173] A radiant cooling paint comprises, by mass percentage, 20% deionized water, 35% tertiary carbon silane emulsion, 23% barium sulfate, 20% calcium carbonate, 0.3% wetting agent, 0.6% dispersant, 0.4% defoaming agent, 0.6% thickener and 0.1% pH regulator.

[0174] Step (1): Deionized water, tertiary carbon silane emulsion, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a defoaming agent, and a pH adjuster were mixed and dispersed and stirred in a disperser set at a speed of 1200 rpm for 1 hour. A thickener was then added and the mixture was dispersed and stirred in the disperser for another 30 minutes to obtain a functional coating.

[0175] Step (2): Same as step (2) of Example 1.

[0176] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 94.1%, the emissivity is 0.94, the combustion performance grade is B3, and the adhesion grade is 1.

[0177] Comparative Example 2

[0178] A radiant cooling paint comprises, by mass percentage, 15% PVDF, 10% barium sulfate, 7% calcium carbonate, 2% zirconium dioxide, 5% hollow glass microspheres, 5% MP (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), 40% dimethylformamide, and 16% dimethylacetamide.

[0179] Step (1): same as step (1) of Example 7;

[0180] Step (2): same as step (2) of Example 7;

[0181] Step (3): Weigh barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, zirconium dioxide, and MP in proportion, slowly add them to a stirred conical flask, continue stirring for 2 hours using a disperser, then add hollow glass microspheres, set the speed to 300 rpm, and stir for 10 minutes;

[0182] Step (4): same as step (4) of Example 7;

[0183] Step (5): Same as step (5) of Example 7.

[0184] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 96.3%, the emissivity is 0.93, and the combustion performance grade is B2.

[0185] Comparative Example 3

[0186] A radiant cooling coating comprises, by mass percentage, 5% deionized water, 40% PDMS (containing 10% curing agent), 15% barium sulfate, 5% yttrium oxide, 5% fumed silica, 10% hollow glass microspheres, 5% MPP (particle size of 0.1 to 60 μm), and 15% ethanol.

[0187] Step (1): same as step (1) of Example 8;

[0188] Step (2): barium sulfate, yttrium oxide, fumed silica, MPP and PDMS curing agent were weighed in proportion and added to the PDMS mixed solution, stirred for 60 minutes using a disperser, and then hollow glass microspheres were added. The speed was set to 300 rpm and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a functional coating;

[0189] Step (3): Same as step (3) of Example 8.

[0190] The coating reflectivity obtained from the test is 96.0%, the emissivity is 0.94, and the combustion performance grade is B2.

[0191] It should be noted that, although the technical solutions of the present invention are described with specific examples, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention should not be limited thereto.

[0192] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are intended to be illustrative, non-exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is selected to best explain the principles of the embodiments, their practical applications, or technological improvements in the marketplace, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multifunctional radiation cooling material, characterized in that: The multifunctional radiation cooling material is used to release heat into space through the atmospheric window in the form of infrared radiation, while reflecting ultraviolet light and / or visible light and / or near-infrared light in sunlight. The multifunctional radiation cooling material includes a base material and a flame retardant material; The flame retardant material comprises one or more of a phosphorus-based material, a nitrogen-based material and a phosphorus-nitrogen-based composite material; the mass percentage of the flame retardant material in the multifunctional radiation refrigeration material is 9% to 60%.

2. The multifunctional radiative cooling material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphorus-based material includes one or more of diethylphosphinate and inorganic hypophosphite; and / or the nitrogen-based material includes one or more of melamine, melamine formaldehyde, melamine cyanurate, and triglycidyl isocyanurate; and / or the phosphorus-nitrogen-based composite material includes one or more of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, and melamine polyphosphate; The average particle size of the flame retardant material particles or the average linear diameter of the fibers is 0.1 to 60 μm.

3. The multifunctional radiative cooling material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The matrix material includes an organic polymer material and / or an inorganic material, wherein the organic polymer material includes one or more of tertiary carbon emulsion, tertiary carbon silane emulsion, fluorocarbon emulsion, polyvinylidene fluoride, acrylic emulsion, polydimethylsiloxane, polyester, nylon, and spandex; the inorganic material includes one or more of silicates, phosphates, aluminates, and oxides, wherein the silicates include one or more of silica sol, potassium silicate, lithium silicate, lithium magnesium silicate, glass fiber, and ceramic fiber; the phosphates include aluminum dihydrogen phosphate; the aluminates include aluminum sol; and the oxides include one or more of quartz glass fiber, alumina fiber, and zirconia fiber; The mass percentage of the matrix material in the multifunctional radiation cooling material is 20% to 60%.

4. The multifunctional radiative cooling material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The multifunctional radiation cooling material further includes auxiliary materials, which include one or more of inorganic particle materials, inorganic fiber materials, and hollow core-shell materials with an electronic band gap greater than 4.1 eV.

5. The multifunctional radiative cooling material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass percentage of the auxiliary material in the multifunctional radiation cooling material is 0 to 40%.

6. The multifunctional radiative cooling material according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The inorganic particle material with an electron band gap greater than 4.1ev includes one or more of barium sulfate, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silica, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium borate, barium borate, boron nitride, zinc metaborate, barium metaborate, and calcium metaborate; the inorganic fiber material includes one or two or more synthetic fibers of aluminum silicate fiber, silica fiber, alumina fiber, and zirconium oxide fiber; and / or the hollow core-shell material includes one or more of hollow glass microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, aerogels, and hollow polymers.

7. The multifunctional radiative cooling material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The multifunctional radiant cooling material has a solar reflectivity greater than 95% in the 0.3-2.5 μm band; and / or the multifunctional radiant cooling material has a flame retardant grade of B1 or above.

8. Use of the multifunctional radiative cooling material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the preparation of paints, coatings, films, plates, blocks, foamed materials, fibers or fabrics for radiative cooling.

9. A radiation cooling composite structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a substrate or a main body, and the multifunctional radiation cooling material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 fixed on the surface of the substrate or the main body.

10. The radiant cooling composite structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The substrate is one of metal, plastic, rubber, concrete, cement, asphalt, paper, textile, wood, tile, glass or organic synthetic material; and / or the main body is one of building, photovoltaic module, automobile, outdoor products, agricultural and animal husbandry and aquatic equipment, aerospace equipment, cold chain transportation equipment, outdoor cabinets and tanks, textile industry equipment, outdoor communication equipment, public facilities, cooling water system or energy-saving equipment.