Catalytic porous medium clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel

Abstract

The invention discloses a catalytic porous medium clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel, and relates to the technical field of reactors. The reactor comprises a reactor body, wherein a filtering assembly and a crushing assembly are mounted at the top of the reactor body; a combustion chamber is arranged in the reactor body, a ceramic porous plate is arranged on the combustion chamber, and an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe and a catalysis pipe are arranged on one side of the reactor body. A composite crushing structure of primary crushing of the crushing rods and secondary impact of the elastic crushing rods is adopted, and the crushing efficiency is improved by 40% or above compared with a traditional rigid structure; a conical filter screen of the filter assembly is matched with a clamping piece rapid dismounting and mounting mechanism, the screening efficiency is improved by 30%, shutdown is not needed in the impurity recycling process, retention materials can be collected by connecting lead screws between an annular shielding plate of a sliding shielding piece and an upper barrel body and a lower barrel body of a rotary fixing barrel, and the manual maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of reactors, and in particular relates to a catalytic porous medium clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel. Background Art

[0002] With the growing global demand for clean energy, hydrogen-ammonia blends are becoming an important alternative to traditional fossil fuels due to their high energy density and low carbon emissions. Ammonia (NH3), as a hydrogen carrier, burns only as N2 and H2O. However, its combustion process easily generates pollutants such as NOx. Furthermore, the mixing of solid materials such as carbon black with hydrogen-ammonia fuel, as well as combustion efficiency and pollutant control, still face technical challenges.

[0003] The existing combustion reactor has the following problems:

[0004] Insufficient material pretreatment: Traditional crushing and screening devices have low efficiency in crushing agglomerated materials, and the screening components are difficult to clean, which can easily cause filter clogging;

[0005] Poor combustion uniformity: Insufficient mixing of fuel and air, and the porous media structure’s limited ability to regulate the distribution of gas-solid two-phase flow, lead to local high temperatures or incomplete combustion;

[0006] Single pollutant control technology: Relying solely on catalytic reactions or porous media, NOx emission reduction effects are unlikely to meet stringent environmental standards.

[0007] Equipment maintenance is complex: core components are difficult to disassemble, catalyst replacement and impurity cleaning are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and are not suitable for industrial continuous production needs.

[0008] In response to the above problems, the present invention provides a clean combustion reactor that integrates elastic crushing, adaptive screening, catalytic reaction and porous medium coupling, and achieves coordinated optimization of efficient combustion and low pollution emissions through structural innovation.

[0009] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a catalytic porous medium clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel, thereby solving the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0011] In order to solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0012] A catalytic porous medium clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel comprises: a reactor body, a filter assembly and a crushing assembly mounted on the top of the reactor body;

[0013] A combustion chamber is provided inside the reactor body, on which a ceramic porous plate is installed. An air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe and a catalytic tube are provided on one side of the reactor body.

[0014] A first rectangular air duct is installed on the combustion chamber, the first rectangular air duct is connected to the air inlet pipe, and the first rectangular air duct is provided with a plurality of air inlets;

[0015] A second rectangular air duct is installed on the combustion chamber. The second rectangular air duct is communicated with the air outlet duct, and a plurality of air outlets are provided on the second rectangular air duct.

[0016] Optionally, a feed port is provided on the top of the reactor body, and the filter assembly includes a fixed cylinder with a filter screen installed inside the fixed cylinder, which is installed on the feed port.

[0017] Optionally, the fixed cylinder includes an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder, and a plurality of connecting screw rods are threadedly connected between the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder, and a recovery gap is formed between the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder.

[0018] Optionally, a plurality of grooves are provided on the upper side of the lower cylinder, a clamping member is rotatably fitted in the groove, and a shielding member is sleeved on the lower cylinder and slidably fitted therein.

[0019] Optionally, the filter screen is conical, and multiple support rods are provided on the lower side of the filter screen. The clamping member includes a U-shaped block and a pressure plate. A fixed lever and a movable lever are installed in the U-shaped block. Two support plates are installed on one side of the pressure plate. The two support plates pass through the U-shaped block and are connected to the movable lever.

[0020] Optionally, torsion springs are installed at the rotation points of the fixed lever and the movable lever, and teeth are installed on the opposite inner sides of the fixed lever and the movable lever.

[0021] Optionally, the shielding member includes an annular shielding plate elastically fitted on the circumference of the lower cylinder, and an annular collecting box is mounted on the annular shielding plate.

[0022] Optionally, the crushing assembly includes a crushing barrel, a motor is installed on the upper side of the crushing barrel, a rotating rod is rotatably engaged at the inner top of the crushing barrel, and a plurality of crushing rods are installed on the outer side wall of the rotating rod.

[0023] Optionally, both sides of the end of the rotating rod are elastically matched with crushing rods, and a triangular protrusion is installed on one side of the U-shaped block.

[0024] Optionally, both sides of the end of the rotating rod are provided with sliding grooves, and a right-angled trapezoidal block slides and elastically fits in the sliding groove, and the crushing rod rotates and fits on the inclined side of the right-angled trapezoidal block.

[0025] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art. Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described below at the same time:

[0026] 1. The crushing component adopts a composite crushing structure with a crushing bar for primary crushing and an elastic crushing bar for secondary impact, which improves crushing efficiency by more than 40% compared with traditional rigid structures. The conical filter screen of the filter component is combined with a quick disassembly and assembly mechanism of the clamping parts to increase screening efficiency by 30%. The impurity recovery process does not require downtime. The retained material is collected by connecting the annular baffle of the sliding baffle and the screw rod between the upper and lower cylinders of the rotating fixed cylinder, reducing labor and maintenance costs.

[0027] 2. The linkage design of the annular collection box of the shield and the crushing assembly enables secondary crushing of materials that fail to pass the screening process, increasing the material utilization rate from 75% of traditional devices to over 95%, reducing resource waste and solid waste emissions;

[0028] 3. The pre-activation treatment of hydrogen and ammonia fuel by the catalytic tube reduces the fuel activation energy by 25%. Combined with the micron-level pore dispersion effect of the ceramic porous plate in the combustion chamber, the gas-solid two-phase contact area increases by 60%, the combustion rate increases by 20%, and the emission of unburned carbon particles is reduced by 50%. The high heat capacity of the ceramic porous plate controls the combustion temperature fluctuation within ±5°C, inhibiting the formation of thermal NOx. Combined with the selective catalytic reduction of ammonia by the precious metal coating on the surface of the catalytic tube, the total NOx emission is reduced by 45% compared with traditional burners, meeting the latest ultra-low emission standards (<50mg / m 3 );

[0029] 4. The distributed air inlet / outlet design of the first and second rectangular air ducts in the combustion chamber, combined with the rectification effect of the ceramic porous plate, makes the velocity field uniformity in the combustion chamber reach more than 92%, avoiding local high temperature and flow dead zones, and ensuring sufficient mixing and combustion of fuel and materials.

[0030] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The drawings described below are only some embodiments. A person skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the reactor body;

[0033] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reactor body;

[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the filter assembly structure;

[0035] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the crushing component structure;

[0036] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the crushing rod structure;

[0037] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the shielding structure;

[0038] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the clamping structure;

[0039] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the clamp;

[0040] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder.

[0041] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are as follows:

[0042] Reactor body 1, combustion chamber 101, ceramic porous plate 102, air inlet pipe 103, air outlet pipe 104, catalytic tube 105, first rectangular air duct 106, air inlet 107, second rectangular air duct 108, air outlet 109, feed port 110, filter assembly 2, fixed cylinder 201, filter screen 202, upper cylinder 203, lower cylinder 204, connecting screw 205, recovery gap 206, groove 207 , support rod 208, crushing assembly 3, crushing barrel 301, motor 302, rotating rod 303, crushing rod 304, crushing rod 305, slide 306, right-angled trapezoidal block 307, clamping part 4, U-shaped block 401, pressure plate 402, fixed lever 403, support plate 404, movable lever 405, teeth 406, triangular protrusion 407, shielding part 5, annular shielding plate 501, annular collecting box 502.

[0043] It should be noted that these drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the conceptual scope of the present invention in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of the present invention for those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] See also Figure 1-9 As shown, in this embodiment, a catalytic porous medium clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel is provided, comprising: a reactor body 1, a filter assembly 2 and a crushing assembly 3 are installed on the top of the reactor body 1;

[0046] The reactor body 1 is provided with a combustion chamber 101, on which a ceramic porous plate 102 is installed. An air inlet pipe 103, an air outlet pipe 104 and a catalytic tube 105 are provided on one side of the reactor body 1.

[0047] A first rectangular air duct 106 is installed on the combustion chamber 101. The first rectangular air duct 106 is connected to the air inlet pipe 103 and is provided with a plurality of air inlets 107.

[0048] A second rectangular air duct 108 is installed on the combustion chamber 101 . The second rectangular air duct 108 is connected to the air outlet duct 104 , and a plurality of air outlets 109 are provided on the second rectangular air duct 108 .

[0049] The pre-activation treatment of hydrogen and ammonia fuel by the catalytic tube 105 reduces the fuel activation energy by 25%. Combined with the micron-scale pore dispersion effect of the ceramic porous plate 102 within the combustion chamber 101, the gas-solid contact area is increased by 60%, the combustion rate is increased by 20%, and unburned carbon particle emissions are reduced by 50%. The high heat capacity of the ceramic porous plate 102 controls the combustion temperature fluctuation to ±5°C, suppressing the formation of thermal NOx. Combined with the selective catalytic reduction of ammonia by the precious metal coating on the surface of the catalytic tube 105, the total NOx emissions are reduced by 45% compared to traditional burners, meeting the latest ultra-low emission standards of <50mg / m 3 ;

[0050] The distributed air inlet 107 / air outlet 109 design of the first rectangular air duct 106 and the second rectangular air duct 108 of the combustion chamber 101, combined with the rectifying effect of the ceramic porous plate 102, makes the velocity field uniformity in the combustion chamber reach more than 92%, avoiding local high temperature and flow dead zones, and ensuring sufficient mixing and combustion of fuel and material.

[0051] The top of the reactor body 1 of this embodiment is provided with a feed port 110, and the filter assembly 2 includes a fixed cylinder 201, the interior of which is equipped with a filter screen 202, and the fixed cylinder 201 is installed on the feed port 110; the fixed cylinder 201 of this embodiment includes an upper cylinder 203 and a lower cylinder 204, and a plurality of connecting screw rods 205 are threadedly connected between the upper cylinder 203 and the lower cylinder 204, and a recovery gap 206 is formed between the upper cylinder 203 and the lower cylinder 204; the upper side of the lower cylinder 204 of this embodiment is provided with a plurality of grooves 207, and a clamping part 4 is rotatably engaged in the groove 207, and a shielding part 5 is sleeved and slidably engaged on the lower cylinder 204.

[0052] The filter screen 202 of this embodiment is conical, and a plurality of support rods 208 are provided on the lower side of the filter screen 202. The clamping member 4 includes a U-shaped block 401 and a pressure plate 402. A fixed lever 403 and a movable lever 405 are installed in the U-shaped block 401. Two support plates 404 are installed on one side of the pressure plate 402. The two support plates 404 pass through the U-shaped block 401 and are connected to the movable lever 405. The fixed lever 403 and the movable lever 405 of this embodiment are both equipped with torsion springs at their rotation points, and teeth 406 are installed on the opposite inner sides of the fixed lever 403 and the movable lever 405. The support plate 208 is an elastic rod structure, and the movable lever 405 and the fixed lever 403 are both equipped with torsion springs at their rotation points, which can maintain a horizontal V-shape in the initial state with one end close to each other and the other end away from each other, thereby achieving a preliminary fixation effect on the inserted filter screen 202.

[0053] By setting the clamping part 4, the U-shaped block 401 can be engaged with the annular baffle 501. When the annular baffle 501 closes the recovery gap 206, the open end of the U-shaped block 401 is directed toward the feed port 110, and the pressure plate 402 is squeezed with one side of the groove 207, driving the two support plates 404 to move. The movement of the two support plates 404 will drive the movable lever 405 to move toward the fixed lever 403, thereby clamping the filter screen 202 and the support rod 208 through the teeth 406.

[0054] The shielding member 5 of this embodiment comprises an annular shielding plate 501 that elastically fits around the circumference of the lower cylinder 204. Mounted on the shielding plate 501 is an annular collection box 502, which comprises multiple curved boxes magnetically connected to the shielding plate 501. The linkage between the annular collection box 502 of the shielding member 5 and the crushing assembly 3 enables a secondary crushing cycle for materials that fail screening, increasing material utilization from 75% in conventional devices to over 95%, reducing resource waste and solid waste emissions.

[0055] The crushing assembly 3 of this embodiment includes a crushing barrel 301, with a motor 302 mounted on its upper side. A rotating rod 303 rotatably engages the top of the crushing barrel 301, and multiple crushing rods 304 are mounted on the outer wall of the rotating rod 303. Crushing rods 305 are elastically engaged on both ends of the rotating rod 303 of this embodiment, and a triangular protrusion 407 is mounted on one side of a U-shaped block 401. Slide grooves 306 are formed on both ends of the rotating rod 303 of this embodiment, and right-angled trapezoidal blocks 307 slide and elastically engage within the slide grooves 306. Crushing rods 305 rotatably engage the inclined sides of the right-angled trapezoidal blocks 307. A feed pipe is mounted on the top of the crushing barrel 301. The crushing assembly 3 utilizes a composite crushing structure with primary crushing by the crushing rods 304 and secondary impact by the elastic crushing rods 305, resulting in crushing efficiency increased by over 40% compared to traditional rigid structures. The conical filter screen 202 of the filter assembly 2 cooperates with the quick disassembly and assembly mechanism of the clamping part 4 to increase the screening efficiency by 30%, and the impurity recovery process does not require shutdown. The retained material collection can be completed by connecting the annular baffle plate 501 of the sliding baffle 5 and the upper cylinder 203 and the lower cylinder 204 of the rotating fixed cylinder 201 through the screw rod 205, thereby reducing labor maintenance costs.

[0056] Working principle:

[0057] The carbon black material to be processed is fed through the feed pipe at the top of the crushing barrel 301. After the motor 302 is started, its output end drives the rotating rod 303 to rotate at high speed. The crushing rod 304 on the outside of the rotating rod 303 first performs a preliminary crushing of the agglomerated material. At the same time, the right-angled trapezoidal block 307 in the chute 306 at the end of the rotating rod drives the crushing rod 305 to rotate. The triangular protrusion 407 enables the crushing rod 305 to rotate. When passing the triangular protrusion 407, the crushing rod 305 passes the right-angled trapezoidal block 307 and rises in the chute 306. After passing the triangular protrusion 407, the crushing rod 305 is struck downward to perform a secondary impact crushing on the material.

[0058] The crushed material falls into the filter assembly 2, where the conical filter screen 202 is mounted within the fixed cylinder 201 via support rods 208. When the material impacts the filter screen, particles exceeding the specified size are intercepted on the screen surface, while fine particles meeting the requirements pass through the mesh and fall into the combustion chamber 101. At this point, the annular baffle 501 of the shielding member 5 initially covers the groove 207, preventing impurities from entering the recovery gap 206, and the conical filter screen 202 operates in an inverted conical shape.

[0059] As the screening process proceeds, the number of large particles retained on the screen increases, and the operator slides the annular shielding plate 501 downward. During the movement, the annular shielding plate 501 engages with the arc surface of the U-shaped block 401 of the clamping member 4, driving the U-shaped block 401 to rotate. The U-shaped block 401 rotates and drives the support rod 208 to move through the fixed lever 403 and the movable lever 405. The movement of the support rod 208 drives the filter screen 202 to change from an inverted cone to a cone, and the annular shielding plate 501 will expose the recovery gap 206 during the movement. As a result, the retained materials on the filter screen 202 can fall into the annular collection box 502 due to gravity, thereby realizing convenient collection of impurities and rapid cleaning of the filter screen.

[0060] The hydrogen-ammonia fuel is pre-treated in catalytic tube 105. The catalyst reduces the fuel's activation energy and promotes its chemical reaction with oxygen. Simultaneously, ambient air enters through air inlet pipe 103 and is evenly sprayed into combustion chamber 101 through multiple air inlets 107 of first rectangular air duct 106, forming a swirling mixing field. The ceramic porous plate 102, with its micron-scale pore structure, further disperses the fuel, material, and air into a uniform gas-solid two-phase flow, increasing the contact area and stabilizing the combustion wavefront.

[0061] The mixed material forms a fluidized bed above the ceramic porous plate. The high heat capacity of the porous medium ensures a uniform temperature distribution in the combustion zone, suppressing the generation of NOx caused by localized high temperatures. The carbon particles in the carbon black material catalytically combust with the hydrogen and ammonia fuel. The addition of ammonia NH3 not only provides additional calorific value, but the N2 produced by its decomposition also dilutes the combustion products. Simultaneously, the precious metal coating on the surface of the catalytic tube promotes the selective catalytic reduction of ammonia, reducing NOx emissions.

[0062] After combustion, the high-temperature exhaust gas is collected in the outlet 109 of the second rectangular air duct 108 and then collected in the outlet duct 104. The filtration effect of the ceramic porous plate intercepts unburned particles, improving combustion efficiency. The recovered material in the annular collection box 502 can be removed by removing the upper cylinder 203 and then recycled after secondary processing by the crushing assembly, forming a closed material loop. The distributed design of the air inlet and outlet achieves a uniform flow field within the combustion chamber. Combining the catalytic reaction with the heat transfer characteristics of the porous medium, this process achieves the goal of low-pollution, high-efficiency clean combustion.

[0063] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any structural changes made under the guidance of the present invention, which have the same or similar technical solutions as the present invention, should be understood to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The technologies, shapes, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A catalytic porous media clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel, characterized in that: include: A reactor body (1), with a filtering component (2) and a crushing component (3) installed on the top of the reactor body (1); A combustion chamber (101) is provided inside the reactor body (1), a ceramic porous plate (102) is installed on the combustion chamber (101), and an air inlet pipe (103), an air outlet pipe (104) and a catalytic tube (105) are provided on one side of the reactor body (1); A first rectangular air duct (106) is installed on the combustion chamber (101), the first rectangular air duct (106) is connected to the air inlet pipe (103), and a plurality of air inlets (107) are provided on the first rectangular air duct (106); A second rectangular air duct (108) is installed on the combustion chamber (101). The second rectangular air duct (108) is connected to the air outlet duct (104), and a plurality of air outlets (109) are provided on the second rectangular air duct (108).

2. The catalytic porous media clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A feed port (110) is provided at the top of the reactor body (1). The filter assembly (2) comprises a fixed cylinder (201). A filter screen (202) is installed inside the fixed cylinder (201). The fixed cylinder (201) is installed on the feed port (110).

3. The catalytic porous media clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixed cylinder (201) comprises an upper cylinder (203) and a lower cylinder (204), wherein a plurality of connecting screw rods (205) are threadedly connected between the upper cylinder (203) and the lower cylinder (204), and a recovery gap (206) is formed between the upper cylinder (203) and the lower cylinder (204).

4. The catalytic porous media clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of grooves (207) are provided on the upper side of the lower cylinder (204), a clamping member (4) is rotatably fitted in the groove (207), and a shielding member (5) is sleeved and slidably fitted on the lower cylinder (204).

5. The catalytic porous media clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filter screen (202) is conical, and a plurality of support rods (208) are provided on the lower side of the filter screen (202). The clamping member (4) comprises a U-shaped block (401) and a pressure plate (402). A fixed lever (403) and a movable lever (405) are installed in the U-shaped block (401). Two support plates (404) are installed on one side of the pressure plate (402). The two support plates (404) pass through the U-shaped block (401) and are connected to the movable lever (405).

6. The catalytic porous media clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotation positions of the fixed lever (403) and the movable lever (405) are both provided with torsion springs, and the opposite inner sides of the fixed lever (403) and the movable lever (405) are both provided with teeth (406).

7. The catalytic porous media clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shielding member (5) comprises an annular shielding plate (501) elastically fitted on the circumference of the lower cylinder (204), and an annular collecting box (502) is mounted on the annular shielding plate (501).

8. The catalytic porous media clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The crushing assembly (3) comprises a crushing barrel (301), a motor (302) is mounted on the upper side of the crushing barrel (301), a rotating rod (303) is rotatably engaged at the top of the crushing barrel (301), and a plurality of crushing rods (304) are mounted on the outer side wall of the rotating rod (303).

9. The catalytic porous media clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel according to claim 8, characterized in that: Both ends of the rotating rod (303) are elastically fitted with crushing rods (305), and one side of the U-shaped block (401) is provided with a triangular protrusion (407).

10. The catalytic porous media clean combustion reactor for hydrogen-ammonia blended fuel according to claim 8, characterized in that: Both sides of the end of the rotating rod (303) are provided with a sliding groove (306), and a right-angled trapezoidal block (307) slides and elastically fits in the sliding groove (306), and the crushing rod (305) rotates and fits on the inclined side of the right-angled trapezoidal block (307).

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