Device and method for emulsifying and combusting biological heavy oil

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of heavy oil emulsification, in particular to a device and a method for emulsifying and combusting biological heavy oil, which are characterized in that biological heavy oil is used as a raw material, water or urea water or other aqueous solution containing low-concentration ammonia is used as an emulsifying medium, and enters a shell pass of membrane emulsifying equipment under a certain temperature condition; heavy oil emulsion is generated under a certain pressure condition with biological heavy oil doped with a certain proportion of combustion-supporting liquid in a tube pass and enters a combustor to be combusted, so that the aims of sufficiently combusting the biological heavy oil and reducing the emission of NOx in tail gas are fulfilled. Biomass fuel such as biodiesel and biological methanol can be adopted as combustion-supporting liquid in the process. Along with the emulsion combustion process, the system dynamically adjusts the proportion of the combustion-supporting liquid in time. A set of biological heavy oil emulsion combustion process scheme is designed aiming at the contents, so that resource utilization of the biological heavy oil is realized, part of traditional fossil fuel is favorably replaced, and the contradiction between petroleum resource shortage and demand in China is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy oil film emulsification, and in particular relates to a device and method for emulsified combustion of biological heavy oil. Background Art

[0002] With the shortage of petroleum resources, biomass conversion technology is gaining increasing attention. Bio-heavy oil, a byproduct of biodiesel production, is a mixture of various high-boiling-point oxygenated organic compounds. Currently, there are no reports in China on the industrial processing and reuse of bio-heavy oil. In practice, it is generally treated as industrial waste.

[0003] As a unique fossil fuel, bio-heavy oil can be made easier to burn by mixing it with an appropriate emulsifier to form an emulsion, thereby improving combustion efficiency and reducing fuel consumption. At the same time, emulsified combustion can also reduce the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, which is beneficial to protecting the environment and improving air quality. Therefore, the bio-heavy oil emulsified combustion process is of great significance in improving energy efficiency and reducing pollution emissions. The main problems in the combustion process are as follows: (1) Difficulty in ignition. Heavy oil has a high ignition point and is difficult to ignite and burn under normal conditions; (2) Carbon deposition during the combustion process. Due to the high content of high molecular weight hydrocarbons in heavy oil, it is not easy to burn out; (3) High pollution emissions, specifically high SO x 、NO x , and the emission of incomplete combustion products, resulting in the generation of black smoke. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the combustion process of the bio-heavy oil emulsified combustion process, the present invention provides a process system and method for the bio-heavy oil emulsified combustion, comprising the following steps:

[0005] A bio-heavy oil emulsification combustion device, comprising:

[0006] Heavy oil storage tank, used to store bio-heavy oil;

[0007] Combustion aid storage tank, used for storing combustion aid;

[0008] Water storage tanks, used to store water or aqueous solutions;

[0009] The heavy oil storage tank and the combustion-supporting agent storage tank are connected to the mixer through pipelines, and the mixer is then connected to the first side of the dispersion medium in the membrane emulsifier;

[0010] The water storage tank is connected to the second side of the dispersion medium of the membrane emulsifier through a pipeline;

[0011] Furthermore, a first flow control device is provided on the pipeline connecting the combustion-supporting agent storage tank and the mixer;

[0012] The invention also includes a burner connected to the first side of the dispersion medium and used for burning the obtained emulsified oil as fuel.

[0013] A heavy oil pump is provided on the pipeline connecting the heavy oil storage tank and the mixer for transporting bio-heavy oil.

[0014] A combustion-supporting agent pump is provided on the pipeline connecting the combustion-supporting agent storage tank and the mixer for conveying the combustion-supporting agent.

[0015] A water pump is provided on the pipeline connecting the water storage tank and the membrane emulsifier for pressurizing and transporting the water.

[0016] A second flow control device is provided on the pipeline connecting the heavy oil storage tank and the mixer.

[0017] A third flow control device is provided on the pipeline connecting the water storage tank and the second side of the dispersion medium.

[0018] Furthermore, the heavy oil storage tank, combustion-supporting agent storage tank, and water storage tank are jacketed containers.

[0019] The heavy oil storage tank, combustion-supporting agent storage tank and water storage tank are all connected with filters.

[0020] A method for emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil comprises the following steps:

[0021] After mixing the bio-heavy oil and the combustion aid, the mixture is emulsified using a membrane emulsifier as a continuous phase and water or an aqueous solution as a dispersed phase to obtain an emulsion, and the emulsion is burned;

[0022] During the combustion process, the proportion of the combustion aid in the continuous phase is continuously reduced;

[0023] The combustion-supporting agent is diesel, methanol or ethanol.

[0024] The dispersion medium in the membrane emulsifier is a porous ceramic membrane with a pore size ranging from 10 to 2000 nm.

[0025] During the combustion process, the proportion of the combustion aid is finally reduced to 0.

[0026] The temperatures of the bio-heavy oil, diesel and water are 90°C to 130°C, 90°C to 120°C and 50°C to 80°C respectively.

[0027] At the beginning of combustion, the ratio of diesel to heavy oil is controlled to be 1:1 to 1:5.

[0028] Preferably, the aqueous solution refers to a urea aqueous solution or an ammonia aqueous solution.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] This invention designs a process system and method for the emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil. This method effectively solves the problem of black smoke generated during the heavy oil combustion process. Black smoke is caused by incomplete combustion of heavy oil during ignition and insufficient combustion temperature, resulting in the production of large amounts of soot particles. Typically, the flash point of bio-heavy oil ranges from approximately 180°C to 240°C, while the flash point of diesel is generally between 55°C and 120°C. By mixing diesel with bio-heavy oil during the initial combustion phase, the heavy oil burns more easily. Furthermore, the small water droplets within the emulsified heavy oil vaporize upon heating, creating a "micro-explosion effect" that atomizes the oil droplets, increasing the specific surface area and ensuring full combustion of the heavy oil, thus fully utilizing the bio-heavy oil. Furthermore, by using urea water or other low-concentration ammonia aqueous solutions as the emulsifying medium, the thermal decomposition of ammonia during combustion produces a small amount of H2, which allows for full combustion of the heavy oil, helping to reduce air pollution and environmental impact. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 Flow chart of the bio-heavy oil emulsification combustion system DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the operation process mainly includes the start-up, operation and shutdown processes. The specific contents are as follows: (1) Start-up preparation: During start-up and operation, it is necessary to ensure that the liquid levels of diesel, heavy oil tanks and water tanks are between 30% and 80%, and keep the exhaust fan on; (2) Start-up: Heat and maintain the temperature of bio-heavy oil, diesel and water in the range of 90℃ to 130℃, 90℃ to 120℃ and 50℃ to 80℃ respectively through the steam pipeline; (3) When entering the emulsifier bypass, adjust the ratio of heavy oil volume flow to 0-50% and directly enter the burner for combustion, and diesel assists heavy oil combustion; when entering the emulsification system, adjust the ratio of diesel to heavy oil to 1:1-1:5, and the formed heavy oil emulsion enters the burner for combustion; (4) After the system stabilizes, gradually stop diesel feeding, and heavy oil is used as the main raw material for emulsification and combustion with water; (5) Shutdown: Close the emulsifier outlet valve, stop pumping, and stop the car.

[0034] The present invention is further described below through a specific implementation example. The figure includes a storage tank device, a control system, and an emulsification system.

[0035] Heavy oil storage tank: includes the heavy oil storage tank 100 itself, a feed port 101 is provided at the upper end of the heavy oil storage tank 100, a liquid level gauge 102 is provided below the feed port 101, a thermometer 103 and a safety valve 104 are provided on the upper part of the heavy oil tank 100, and a filter 105, an oil pump inlet valve 106, a discharge valve 107, an oil pump 108, an oil pump outlet check valve 109 and a stop valve 110, a pressure instrument 111, a flow meter 112, and a flow regulating valve 113 are provided on the lower part.

[0036] Diesel storage tank: includes the diesel storage tank 200 itself, a feed port 201 is provided at the upper end of the diesel storage tank 200, a liquid level gauge 202 is provided below the feed port 201, a thermometer 203 and a safety valve 204 are provided on the upper part of the diesel tank 200; the lower part of the diesel storage tank 200 is provided with a filter 205, an oil pump inlet valve 206, a discharge valve 207, an oil pump 208, an oil pump outlet check valve 209 and a stop valve 210, a pressure instrument 211, a flow meter 212, and a flow regulating valve 213.

[0037] Water tank: includes the water storage tank 300 itself, a feed port 301 is provided at the upper end of the water storage tank 300, a liquid level gauge 302 is provided below the feed port 301, a thermometer 303 and a safety valve 304 are provided at the upper part of the water tank 300; a filter 305, a pump inlet valve 306, a discharge valve 307, a pump 308, a pump outlet check valve 309 and a stop valve 310, a pressure instrument 311, a flow meter 312, and a flow regulating valve 313 are provided at the lower part of the water storage tank 300.

[0038] The equipment used in the control process includes: (1) temperature control equipment, including a heavy oil storage tank steam heating inlet regulating valve 401, a diesel storage tank steam heating inlet valve 402, and a water storage tank steam heating inlet valve 403; (2) flow control equipment, including flow regulating valves 113, 213, and 313 that control the flow of heavy oil, diesel, and water respectively, and can interlock and control the ratio of diesel to heavy oil.

[0039] Emulsification system: includes an emulsifier bypass pipeline, an emulsifier 501A and a spare emulsifier 501B, the emulsifier 501A includes an outlet valve 502 and a pressure gauge 503; the oil phase inlet and outlet valves 504A / B of the emulsifier 501A and the oil phase inlet and outlet valves 505A / B of the emulsifier 501B cannot be opened or closed at the same time; further, the water phase inlet and outlet valves 506A of the emulsifier 501A and the water phase inlet and outlet valves 507A of the emulsifier 501B cannot be opened or closed at the same time; the emulsification medium used in the emulsifier in this patent is an Al2O3 ceramic membrane with a pore size of 100nm, the membrane tube is placed in the ceramic membrane assembly 9, and the continuous phase flow rate range can be 0.5-2.5m / s.

[0040] Furthermore, the heavy oil tank 100, diesel tank 200, and water tank 300 are jacketed containers, and the capacity of different storage tanks can be designed and adjusted according to production requirements;

[0041] Furthermore, the filters 105, 205, and 305 have different filtering accuracies depending on the raw materials.

[0042] Furthermore, the emulsifier is a single-channel membrane tube, with one open and one standby in normal conditions, and the automatic switch valve at the oil inlet, the main valve and the standby valve cannot be opened at the same time;

[0043] Furthermore, the oil phase and water phase flow rates and lifts are adaptively adjusted according to different on-site conditions;

[0044] Furthermore, the flow meters 112, 212, and 312 are flow meters with remote transmission functions and are connected by threads.

[0045] Specifically, the bio-heavy oil emulsification combustion process includes start-up preparation, start-up, shutdown, and cleaning procedures:

[0046] The following is a more complete and clear description of the present invention by means of a preferred embodiment and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiment described. The implementation content includes the process of starting preparation, starting, parking, and cleaning.

[0047] Driving preparation:

[0048] During driving and operation, it is necessary to ensure that the liquid levels 102, 202, and 302 of the heavy oil, diesel tanks, and water tanks are maintained at 30% to 80%, and keep the exhaust fan on.

[0049] drive:

[0050] Turn on the heavy oil and diesel water heating, and control the heavy oil, diesel and water temperatures at 90℃~110℃, 90℃~120℃ and 50℃~90℃ respectively through the heating steam valves 401, 402 and 403.

[0051] Open the valve of the instrument air pipeline to maintain the pressure of the emulsifier 501A and maintain the emulsifier pressure at 0.4~1.6Mpa; at the same time, open the diesel pipeline and the heavy oil pipeline, and control the heavy oil flow ratio from 0 to 50% through the flow regulating valves 113 and 213. After mixing in the mixer M1001, it bypasses the emulsification system and directly enters the burner for combustion until the system is stable.

[0052] Water pipeline pump 308 is turned on, and the automatic valves in the water pipeline and the shell-side waterline inlet to emulsifier A are opened. Emulsified water passes through the emulsifier membrane and enters the shell side. Simultaneously, the emulsifier bypass valve is closed, allowing diesel and heavy oil to mix and enter the emulsifier pipeline, generating a heavy oil emulsion that enters the emulsifier for combustion. In the emulsifier, the diesel and heavy oil mixture serves as the continuous phase, while water serves as the dispersed phase. This provides pressure for the dispersed phase, forcing the water through the ceramic membrane pores within a pressure range of 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa. Deionized water is then forced through the membrane pores, where the shear force of the oil phase flow shears off water droplets, forming a W / O emulsion of a predetermined size. Automatic valves 506A and 507A at the emulsifier waterline inlet are interlocked and cannot be opened simultaneously during operation.

[0053] When the pressure gauge 503 of the emulsifier outlet pipeline shows a stable value of 0.16-0.22 MPa, the valve 502 of the emulsifier outlet to the burner is opened.

[0054] After the system stabilizes (under stable pressure and flow conditions), gradually increase the opening of the heavy oil flow control valve to increase the heavy oil flow. Simultaneously, gradually close the opening of diesel flow control valve 213 to reduce the diesel flow until it reaches zero. Maintain the total heavy oil and diesel flow at the set value for 5-10 minutes. Heavy oil flow valve 113 and diesel flow valve 213 are interlocked. When the heavy oil / diesel flow valve is fully open, the diesel / heavy oil flow valve is fully closed.

[0055] When the diesel flow rate is 0, the system is entirely emulsified heavy oil entering the emulsifier for combustion.

[0056] After emulsification, the heavy oil maintains stable combustion until shutdown.

[0057] parking:

[0058] Close the valve 502 at the emulsifier outlet that flows into the burner, close the heavy oil pump 108, diesel pump 208 and water pump 308, and close all steam valves.

[0059] Cleaning process:

[0060] After the system is shut down, the diesel fuel temperature rises, with thermometer 203 indicating 90°C to 110°C. The diesel pipeline pump 208 is then turned on. The diesel pipeline valve 210, along with the valves on the inlet and outlet lines of the emulsifier 501A / B, as well as the valve on the return line after the emulsifier outlet and the valve into the diesel tank, are opened. However, valve 502, which flows into the burner after the emulsifier outlet, remains closed, forming a cleaning loop. The hot diesel fuel circulates for 30-60 minutes to clean the emulsifier pipeline. After cleaning is complete, the valve on the return line to the heavy oil tank is opened, and the valve on the return line to the diesel tank is closed. The contaminated diesel fuel is then collected in the heavy oil tank.

[0061] During cleaning, the oil line and water line automatic switch valves 504A / B and 505A / B, 506A / B and 507A / B of the two emulsifiers no longer form an interlock.

[0062] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. It is intended that all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced herein, and any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims to which they relate.

Claims

1. A bio-heavy oil emulsification combustion device, characterized in that: include: A heavy oil storage tank (100) for storing bio-heavy oil; An oxidant storage tank (200) for storing oxidant; A water storage tank (300) for storing water or aqueous solution; The heavy oil storage tank (100) and the combustion-supporting agent storage tank (200) are connected to a mixer via pipelines, and the mixer is then connected to a first side of the dispersion medium in the membrane emulsifier; The water storage tank (300) is connected to the second side of the dispersion medium of the membrane emulsifier through a pipeline; Furthermore, a first flow control device is provided on the pipeline connecting the combustion-supporting agent storage tank (200) and the mixer; The invention also includes a burner connected to the first side of the dispersion medium and used for burning the obtained emulsified oil as fuel.

2. The bio-heavy oil emulsification combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second flow control device is provided on the pipeline connecting the heavy oil storage tank (100) and the mixer.

3. The bio-heavy oil emulsification combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third flow control device is provided on the pipeline connecting the water storage tank (300) and the second side of the dispersion medium.

4. The bio-heavy oil emulsification combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dispersion medium is porous ceramic, and the pore size range is 10-2000nm.

5. The bio-heavy oil emulsification combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heavy oil storage tank, combustion-supporting agent storage tank and water storage tank are jacketed containers.

6. The bio-heavy oil emulsification combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heavy oil storage tank, combustion-supporting agent storage tank and water storage tank are all connected with filters; the combustion-supporting agent is diesel or methanol or ethanol.

7. A method for emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After mixing the bio-heavy oil and the combustion aid, the mixture is emulsified using a membrane emulsifier as a continuous phase and water or an aqueous solution as a dispersed phase to obtain an emulsion, and the emulsion is burned; During the combustion process, the proportion of the combustion aid in the continuous phase is continuously reduced; The combustion-supporting agent is diesel, methanol or ethanol.

8. The method for emulsified combustion of heavy bio-oil according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the combustion process, the proportion of the combustion aid is finally reduced to 0.

9. The method for emulsified combustion of heavy bio-oil according to claim 7, characterized in that: The temperatures of the bio-heavy oil, diesel and water are 90°C to 130°C, 90°C to 120°C and 50°C to 80°C respectively.

10. The method for emulsified combustion of heavy bio-oil according to claim 7, characterized in that: At the beginning of combustion, the ratio of diesel to heavy oil is controlled to be 1:1 to 1:5; the aqueous solution refers to a urea aqueous solution or an ammonia aqueous solution.

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