Portable leveling instrument

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable leveling instrument which comprises a positioning base, a plurality of guide columns are arranged on the positioning base, a positioning disc is slidably arranged on the guide columns, a lens seat is rotatably arranged on the positioning disc and comprises an observation lens, and a heavy hammer is hung at the bottom of the positioning disc through a first flexible line. A scale is hung on the positioning base through a second flexible line, and the vertical height difference can be read through the lifting of the heavy hammer on the scale by the lifting of the lens seat. When the portable leveling instrument is used for measuring, the reading on the telemeter rod at at least two heights can be measured through the vertical movement of the positioning disc on the guide column, and the height difference of the movement of the positioning disc can be calculated according to the lifting height of the heavy hammer on the scale because the heavy hammer is vertical to the scale. The height difference on the telemeter rod can be observed through the observation lens and can also be directly read from the telemeter rod, and the actual height of the telemeter rod can be calculated through the observed height difference on the telemeter rod and the actual height difference of lifting of the lens seat.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of leveling instruments, and particularly to a portable leveling instrument. BACKGROUND

[0002] Leveling is one of the core methods for obtaining the height difference of ground points, and is widely used in fields such as engineering construction, topographic surveying, and deformation monitoring. Traditional optical or digital leveling instruments are mainly composed of an instrument body and a tripod. The basic working principle is as follows: first, the tripod legs are adjusted in length and combined with the circular level on the instrument base to roughly level; then, the automatic leveling compensator (usually using a hanging wire suspension optical assembly, a gravity pendulum, or a liquid compensation) in the instrument plays a role, and uses the force of gravity to automatically adjust the line of sight within a small inclination range, so that it maintains a strict horizontal state. The surveyor aims the telescope of the instrument at the staff on the distant point to be measured, and reads the scale value on the staff. By comparing the scale values read on the staff at different points, the height difference between these points can be calculated.

[0003] The automatic leveling function commonly possessed by modern leveling instruments greatly simplifies the operation process and improves the horizontal accuracy of the instrument itself. This function effectively solves the problem of line of sight inclination caused by unstable tripod placement or slight disturbance, and ensures the horizontality of the observation reference line, which is the basic guarantee of leveling accuracy.

[0004] However, simply ensuring the horizontality of the instrument line of sight cannot completely eliminate all error sources. In actual engineering applications, a key problem that has existed for a long time and seriously affects the final measurement accuracy is that the staff is difficult to maintain a strict vertical state at the measurement point.

[0005] When the staff is not vertical, the staff scale value observed by the leveling instrument is not the true height of the bottom contact point. This reading error caused by staff inclination is systematic, and the larger the inclination angle of the staff, the greater the error. Some staffs are equipped with a circular level, but it may be difficult for the staff operator to simultaneously ensure stability, alignment with the instrument line of sight, and accurate observation and adjustment of the level bubble during operation, and the accuracy of the level bubble itself is also a limiting factor.

[0006] Therefore, although the automatic leveling technology of the leveling instrument itself is quite mature, due to the inherent problem that the staff end is difficult to ensure absolute verticality, which is difficult to completely overcome by manual operation, the final accuracy of the entire leveling system is still significantly restricted, resulting in a non-negligible systematic error in the measurement result, which is difficult to meet the increasing demand for high-precision measurement. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application aims at the prior art deficiency, and provides a portable leveling instrument, which can read data of at least two point positions on a staff by lifting a lens of the leveling instrument, and calculate a real height of a point position to be measured according to a height difference of readings of the point positions on the staff and a height difference of the lens lifting, so as to improve the measuring precision and overcome the measuring error caused by the difficulty of ensuring the verticality of the staff.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application is solved by the following technical scheme: a portable leveling instrument, comprising a positioning base, a plurality of guide columns are arranged on the positioning base, a positioning disc is slidably arranged on the guide columns, a lens seat is rotatably arranged on the positioning disc, the lens seat comprises an observation lens, a weight is hung on the bottom of the positioning disc through a first flexible line, a staff is hung on the positioning base through a second flexible line, and a vertical height difference can be read by lifting the weight on the staff. When measuring, the portable leveling instrument can measure readings on the staff at at least two heights by moving the positioning disc up and down on the guide columns. Since the weight is vertical to the staff, the height difference of the positioning disc movement can be calculated by the height difference of the weight lifting on the staff, and the height difference on the staff can also be directly read from the staff by observing the staff through the observation lens. The actual height of the staff position can be calculated by the observed height difference on the staff and the actual height difference of the lens seat lifting.

[0009] In the above technical scheme, preferably, the positioning base is provided with a through hole for the first flexible line to pass through.

[0010] In the above technical scheme, preferably, an elastic bellows sleeve is arranged between the positioning disc and the positioning base, and the elastic bellows sleeve is located outside the through hole. The first flexible line can be covered in the elastic bellows sleeve, so as to avoid the first flexible line shaking due to wind blowing during detection, and affecting the readings.

[0011] In the above technical scheme, preferably, the positioning base is provided with a transparent windproof cylinder at the bottom, and the weight and the staff are located in the transparent windproof cylinder. The weight and the staff are covered in the transparent windproof cylinder, so as to avoid the weight and the staff shaking due to wind blowing during detection, and affecting the readings.

[0012] In the above technical scheme, preferably, the transparent windproof cylinder is threadedly connected with the positioning base. The structure can be disassembled when not in use, so as to facilitate storage and carrying.

[0013] In the technical scheme, preferably, the lens seat is provided with a mounting cavity, the mounting cavity is provided with a winding wheel, the first flexible line is wound on the winding wheel, and the winding wheel is connected with an adjusting rod penetrating out of the mounting cavity. By adopting the structure, the position of the weight can be adjusted by the adjusting rod, and the first flexible line is wound when not in use, so that the weight is lifted to the position close to the positioning base, thereby facilitating storage and carrying.

[0014] In the technical scheme, preferably, a radial extension sleeve is arranged on the mounting cavity, and the adjusting rod penetrates into the extension sleeve and is threadedly connected with the extension sleeve. By adopting the structure, the adjusting rod can be positioned at any angle, and the winding wheel in the interior can place the weight at a suitable height of the scale.

[0015] In the technical scheme, preferably, the positioning base is provided with a hook at the bottom for hanging the second flexible line. By adopting the structure, the scale can be disassembled when not in use, thereby facilitating storage and carrying.

[0016] In the technical scheme, preferably, the positioning base comprises an upper base and a lower base, a leveling assembly is arranged between the upper base and the lower base, a plurality of guide columns are arranged on the upper base, and a bubble level is arranged on the upper base. By adopting the structure, the upper base can be preliminarily leveled by the leveling assembly.

[0017] In the technical scheme, preferably, an elastic damping member is arranged in a guide hole of the positioning disc through which the guide column penetrates. By arranging the elastic damping member, the positioning disc can be slid to any height position of the guide column.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the portable leveling instrument has the following beneficial effects: when measuring, the portable leveling instrument can measure the reading on the staff at least two heights by moving the positioning disc up and down on the guide column, the height difference of the positioning disc can be calculated according to the lifting height of the weight on the scale, the height difference on the staff can be directly read from the staff by observing the height difference on the staff through the observation lens, and the actual height of the staff position can be calculated according to the actual height difference of the lens seat lifting and the height difference on the staff observed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment of the application.

[0020] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the embodiment of the application.

[0021] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom of the positioning base in the embodiment of the application.

[0022] Figure 4The schematic diagram of twice measurement for measuring relative height of the point A to be measured in the embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of twice measurement for measuring relative height of the point B to be measured in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application will be further described in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments: refer to Figures 1 to 5 A portable leveling instrument, comprising a positioning base 1, four guide columns 2 are arranged on the positioning base 1, a positioning disc 3 is slidably arranged on the guide columns 2, a lens seat 4 is rotatably arranged on the positioning disc 3, the lens seat 4 comprises an observation lens 5, a weight 7 is hung on the bottom of the positioning disc 3 through a first flexible line 6, in order to facilitate reading, the weight 7 is a tapered shape with a pointed end downward, a scale 9 is hung on the positioning base 1 through a second flexible line 8, the lifting of the lens seat 4 can be read by the lifting of the weight 7 on the scale 9 to read the vertical height difference. When measuring, the portable leveling instrument can measure the readings on the staff at least two heights by moving the positioning disc 3 up and down on the guide columns 2, since the weight 7 is always vertical to the scale 9, the height difference of the positioning disc 3 can be calculated by the lifting height of the weight 7 on the scale 9, the height difference on the staff can also be directly read from the staff by observing the height difference through the observation lens 5, and the actual height of the staff position can be calculated by the actual height difference of the lens seat 4 lifting and the height difference observed on the staff. The setting position of the guide columns 2 is located at the outer periphery of the lens seat 4, and preferably does not interfere with the rotation of the lens seat 4 on the positioning disc 3.

[0025] In the embodiment, a through hole 10 is arranged on the positioning base 1 for the first flexible line 6 to pass through. The through hole 10 is large enough to avoid the first flexible line 6 contacting the side wall of the through hole 10 during the lifting of the positioning disc 3, which affects the detection result.

[0026] In the embodiment, an elastic bellows sleeve 11 is arranged between the positioning disc 3 and the positioning base 1, and the elastic bellows sleeve 11 is located at the outer periphery of the through hole 10. By arranging the elastic bellows sleeve 11, the first flexible line 6 can be covered inside, avoiding the first flexible line 6 shaking due to wind blowing during detection, which affects the reading.

[0027] In the embodiment, a transparent windproof cylinder 12 is arranged at the bottom of the positioning base 1, and the weight 7 and the scale 9 are located inside the transparent windproof cylinder 12. By arranging the transparent windproof cylinder 12 to cover the weight 7 and the scale 9 inside, the weight 7 and the scale 9 are prevented from shaking due to wind blowing during detection, which affects the reading. The bottom of the transparent windproof cylinder 12 can be sealed.

[0028] In the embodiment, the transparent windproof cylinder 12 is threadedly connected with the positioning base 1. By adopting this structure, the transparent windproof cylinder 12 can be disassembled when not in use, which is convenient for storage and carrying.

[0029] In the embodiment, the lens seat 4 is provided with a mounting cavity, the mounting cavity is provided with a winding wheel 13, the first flexible line 6 is wound on the winding wheel 13, and the winding wheel 13 is connected with an adjusting rod 14 penetrating out of the mounting cavity. The structure can adjust the position of the weight 7 through the adjusting rod 14, and wind the first flexible line 6 when not in use, so that the weight 7 is lifted to the position close to the positioning base 1, facilitating storage and carrying.

[0030] In the embodiment, the mounting cavity is radially provided with an extension sleeve 15, the adjusting rod 14 penetrates into the extension sleeve 15 and is threadedly connected with the extension sleeve 15. The structure can position the adjusting rod 14 when rotated to any angle, so that the winding wheel 13 inside can place the weight 7 to the appropriate height of the scale 9.

[0031] The center of the winding wheel 13 is provided with a center hole, the inner end of the adjusting rod 14 is inserted into the center hole, the inner end of the adjusting rod 14 is axially provided with a groove, the side wall of the center hole is provided with a convex strip inserted into the groove, and the adjusting rod 14 drives the winding wheel 13 to rotate by cooperating with the convex strip through the groove when rotating.

[0032] In the embodiment, the positioning base 1 is provided with a hook 16 at the bottom for hanging the second flexible line 8. The structure can disassemble the scale 9 when not in use, facilitating storage and carrying.

[0033] In the embodiment, the positioning base 1 includes an upper seat 17 and a lower seat 18, the upper seat 17 and the lower seat 18 are provided with a leveling assembly 19, the guide column 2 is arranged on the upper seat 17, and the upper seat 17 is provided with a level bubble 20. The structure can preliminarily level the upper seat 17 through the leveling assembly 19. The leveling assembly 19 can be any one of the existing leveling instruments, which is prior art, and the specific structure will not be described here. The upper seat 17 can be preliminarily leveled through the leveling assembly 19 cooperating with the level bubble 20.

[0034] In the embodiment, the positioning disc 3 is provided with an elastic damping member 21 in the guide hole through which the guide column 2 penetrates. The elastic damping member 21 can make the positioning disc 3 slide to any height of the guide column 2.

[0035] The portable leveling instrument measures the relative height of two points A and B, and comprises the following steps: 1) setting up a tripod, positioning the base 1 on the tripod base, and performing preliminary leveling, which can be adjusted by the three feet of the tripod cooperating with the leveling assembly 19, so that the bubble in the bubble 20 is in the middle circle, and the preliminary leveling is completed; 2) hanging the scale 9, and installing the transparent wind shield 12 at the bottom of the base 1; 3) rotating the adjusting rod 14, and lowering the weight 7 to the appropriate height on the scale 9, and the reading of the weight 7 on the scale 9 is x; 4) setting up a tower scale at the point A, observing the scale a on the tower scale through the observation lens 5, lifting the positioning disc 3 to the reading y of the weight 7 on the scale 9, and then observing the scale b on the tower scale through the observation lens 5, so that the actual height of the scale a on the tower scale at the point A can be calculated as a*(y-x) / (b-a), and the actual height of the scale b on the tower scale at the point A can be calculated as b*(y-x) / (b-a); 5) setting up a tower scale at the point B, and observing the readings x and y of the weight 7 on the scale 9, and the readings c and d of the tower scale, and calculating the actual height of the scale c on the tower scale at the point B as c*(y-x) / (d-c), and the actual height of the scale d on the tower scale at the point B as d*(y-x) / (d-c); and 6) calculating the height difference between the points A and B through c*(y-x) / (d-c)-a*(y-x) / (b-a) or d*(y-x) / (d-c)-b*(y-x) / (b-a).

[0036] When the positioning disc 3 is adjusted up and down, the height difference is calculated by the reading of the weight 7 on the scale 9, so that the height difference is accurate even if the leveling instrument is not completely horizontal, and the internal leveling compensator can ensure that the observation line is horizontal, so that the measured result is more accurate.

[0037] Compared with some existing leveling instruments with two observation lenses at different heights, although the distance between the two observation lenses is fixed, the leveling is not completely guaranteed to be horizontal by using the bubble, and the internal leveling compensator has a certain angle with the direction of the observation lens, which makes the installation height difference of the two observation lenses inconsistent with the observation height difference of the horizontal line of sight, so that the leveling instrument with two observation lenses at different heights still has a large error in the measured result.

[0038] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make some improvements and refinements without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A portable level measuring instrument, characterized in that: The invention comprises a positioning base (1), wherein the positioning base (1) is provided with a plurality of guide columns (2), a positioning plate (3) is slidably provided on the guide column (2), a lens holder (4) is rotatably provided on the positioning plate (3), the lens holder (4) comprises an observation lens (5), a weight (7) is hung on the bottom of the positioning plate (3) via a first flexible line (6), a scale (9) is hung on the positioning base (1) via a second flexible line (8), and the lens holder (4) can be raised and lowered by raising and lowering the weight (7) on the scale (9) to read the vertical height difference.

2. A portable level measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning base (1) is provided with a through hole (10) for the first flexible line (6) to pass through.

3. A portable level measuring instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: An elastic corrugated sleeve (11) is provided between the positioning plate (3) and the positioning base (1), and the elastic corrugated sleeve (11) is located on the outer periphery of the through hole (10).

4. A portable level measuring instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: A transparent windshield (12) is provided at the bottom of the positioning base (1), and the weight (7) and the scale (9) are both located in the transparent windshield (12).

5. A portable level measuring instrument as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The transparent windshield (12) is threadedly connected to the positioning base (1).

6. A portable level measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting cavity is provided in the lens holder (4), a winding wheel (13) is provided in the mounting cavity, the first flexible wire (6) is wound around the winding wheel (13), and the winding wheel (13) is connected to an adjustment rod (14) passing through the mounting cavity.

7. A portable level measuring instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: An extension sleeve (15) is radially provided on the installation cavity, and the adjustment rod (14) is passed through the extension sleeve (15) and is threadedly connected to the extension sleeve (15).

8. The portable level measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hook (16) for hanging the second flexible line (8) is provided at the bottom of the positioning base (1).

9. The portable level measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning base (1) comprises an upper base (17) and a lower base (18), a leveling assembly (19) is provided between the upper base (17) and the lower base (18), a plurality of guide columns (2) are provided on the upper base (17), and a level bubble (20) is provided on the upper base (17).

10. The portable level measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: An elastic damping member (21) is provided in a guide hole on the positioning plate (3) through which the guide column (2) passes.

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