Power management circuit, power supply system and vehicle

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power electronics technology and discloses a power management circuit, a power supply system, and a vehicle. The invention utilizes discrete circuits to meet the power supply requirements of various power sources. A BUCK circuit is used to step down the voltage, satisfying voltage conversion under a 48V power supply. The stepped-down voltage is then converted into corresponding analog, digital, and core power supply voltages via analog power conversion circuits, digital power conversion circuits, and core power conversion circuits, respectively, to meet the power supply requirements of the controller system. A power management controller monitors the output signals of the BUCK circuit, analog power conversion circuit, digital power conversion circuit, and core power conversion circuit, and controls the operation of each circuit to achieve flexible control of power supply capacity and mode, and ensure circuit safety during operation. This eliminates the need for a dedicated power management chip, resulting in a simple and low-cost circuit structure, thus reducing power management costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power electronics technology, specifically to power management circuits, power supply systems, and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] In vehicles, complex controllers typically manage power using integrated power management chips. Current power management chips are primarily designed for 12V and 24V power supply systems. However, with more and more cars adopting 48V power distribution systems, there are currently no mature power management chips suitable for 48V systems. Therefore, how to achieve low-cost power management without relying on power management chips has become a pressing issue. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a power management circuit, a power supply system, and a vehicle to solve the problem in the related art that complex controllers in vehicles need to rely on power management chips for power management.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a power management circuit, comprising: a BUCK circuit, an analog power conversion circuit, a digital power conversion circuit, a core power conversion circuit, and a management control circuit, wherein the management control circuit includes a power management controller.

[0005] The power input terminal of the BUCK circuit is connected to an external power supply, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the analog power conversion circuit, the input terminal of the digital power conversion circuit, and the input terminal of the core power conversion circuit, respectively, for stepping down the power supply to the first voltage.

[0006] The analog power conversion circuit is used to convert the first voltage into an analog power supply voltage;

[0007] The digital power conversion circuit is used to convert the first voltage into a digital power supply voltage;

[0008] The core power conversion circuit is used to convert the first voltage into a core power supply voltage, which is used to power the computing core of the load chip.

[0009] The input terminal of the power management controller is connected to the output terminal of the BUCK circuit, the output terminal of the analog power conversion circuit, the output terminal of the digital power conversion circuit, and the output terminal of the core power conversion circuit, respectively. The output terminal of the power management controller is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK circuit, the control terminal of the analog power conversion circuit, the control terminal of the digital power conversion circuit, and the control terminal of the core power conversion circuit, respectively, for controlling the operation of the BUCK circuit, the analog power conversion circuit, the digital power conversion circuit, and the core power conversion circuit.

[0010] This invention addresses the power supply needs of a vehicle's controller system by using discrete circuits to meet the diverse power requirements of analog, digital, and core power supplies (i.e., the core power supply voltage). A BUCK circuit is used to step down the voltage, satisfying the voltage conversion requirements under a 48V supply. The stepped-down voltage is then converted into the corresponding analog, digital, and core power supply voltages via analog power conversion circuits, digital power conversion circuits, and core power conversion circuits, respectively, to meet the power supply needs of the controller system. A single power management circuit enables the simultaneous and synchronized supply of analog, digital, and core power supplies, satisfying the power demands of different loads. Centralized power supply settings and management reduce the wiring harnesses between vehicle loads and power supplies, optimizing the vehicle's spatial layout. A power management controller monitors the output signals of the BUCK, analog, digital, and core power conversion circuits and controls their operation. Specifically, the power management controller controls the control signals of each power conversion circuit. The power management controller can control whether each power conversion circuit provides the corresponding power supply, and can also control the on / off state of the entire power management circuit by adjusting the control signal of the BUCK circuit control terminal. In addition, the power management controller can also control the on / off state of each circuit based on the feedback of the output signals of each circuit. Thus, by using the built-in control logic of the power management controller, the entire power management circuit can be centrally and uniformly managed, which improves the efficiency and accuracy of power management, realizes flexible control of power supply capacity and power supply mode, and ensures circuit safety during circuit operation. Thus, the entire power management circuit implements the power management function through hardware circuit, without the need for a dedicated power management chip. Since the execution efficiency of hardware circuit is much higher than the execution efficiency of software processing instructions in power management chips, the overall power management efficiency can be improved. Moreover, the hardware circuit structure is stable and has strong anti-interference, which is conducive to the long-term stable operation of the vehicle power supply. In addition, the entire circuit structure is simple and low-cost, which reduces the power management cost compared to a dedicated power management chip.

[0011] In one optional implementation, the BUCK circuit includes: a basic BUCK circuit and a BUCK control circuit;

[0012] The first terminal of the BUCK control circuit is connected to the power supply, the second terminal is connected to the basic BUCK circuit, and the control terminal is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller.

[0013] The BUCK control circuit is turned on or off based on the control signal at the output of the power management controller to control the connection or disconnection of the basic BUCK circuit with the power supply.

[0014] When the basic BUCK circuit is connected to the power supply, it steps down the power supply to a first voltage.

[0015] This invention sets up a basic BUCK circuit that can meet the 48V withstand voltage requirement, achieving a first-level voltage conversion. The converted voltage can meet the needs of subsequent power conversion circuits, realizing adaptability to different levels of power supply voltage. Furthermore, the power management controller controls the conduction state of the BUCK control circuit through control signals, thereby realizing the operation control of the basic BUCK circuit, further improving the accuracy and flexibility of power management.

[0016] In one optional implementation, the BUCK control circuit includes: a first controlled switch and a second controlled switch, wherein the control terminal of the first controlled switch is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller, the first terminal is grounded, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the second controlled switch;

[0017] The first end of the second controlled switch is connected to the power supply, and the second end is connected to the power input terminal of the basic BUCK circuit.

[0018] This invention utilizes two controlled switches to form a BUCK control circuit, which has a simple circuit structure, low cost, and fast switching response speed and high reliability of the hardware controlled switches, thus realizing real-time and accurate management of the basic BUCK circuit.

[0019] In one optional implementation, the basic BUCK circuit includes: a third controlled switch, a fourth controlled switch, a first Zener diode, a first inductor, an energy storage capacitor, and a freewheeling circuit, wherein the reverse terminal of the first Zener diode is connected to the second terminal of the BUCK control circuit and the control terminal of the third controlled switch, respectively, and the forward terminal is grounded.

[0020] The first terminal of the third controlled switch is connected to the second terminal of the BUCK control circuit and the control terminal of the fourth controlled switch, respectively, and the second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the first inductor and one terminal of the energy storage capacitor.

[0021] The first terminal of the fourth controlled switch is connected to the second terminal of the BUCK control circuit, and the second terminal is connected to the second terminal of the first inductor.

[0022] The other end of the energy storage capacitor is grounded;

[0023] The freewheeling circuit includes at least one freewheeling diode, the forward end of which is grounded and the reverse end is connected to the second end of the first inductor.

[0024] This invention employs a discrete circuit design for the BUCK circuit, using only two controlled switches in conjunction with peripheral circuitry to achieve the basic BUCK function. This approach is cost-effective, facilitates mass production, and allows for flexible adjustment of the power supply voltage by using a Zener diode to regulate the output voltage of the BUCK circuit.

[0025] In one optional implementation, the power management circuit further includes: an overvoltage protection circuit and / or an overcurrent protection circuit;

[0026] The input terminal of the overvoltage protection circuit is connected to the output terminal of the basic BUCK circuit, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK control circuit. It is used to control the BUCK control circuit to disconnect when the first voltage output of the basic BUCK circuit exceeds the overvoltage protection threshold, so as to control the basic BUCK circuit to disconnect from the power supply.

[0027] The input terminal of the overcurrent protection circuit is connected to the output terminal of the basic BUCK circuit, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK control circuit. It is used to control the BUCK control circuit to disconnect when the output current of the basic BUCK circuit exceeds the overcurrent protection threshold, so as to control the basic BUCK circuit to disconnect from the power supply.

[0028] This invention, by setting up overvoltage protection circuits and / or overcurrent protection circuits, utilizes hardware circuitry to control the BUCK control circuit when overvoltage and / or overcurrent problems occur at the output of the basic BUCK circuit, thereby cutting off the power supply to the basic BUCK circuit. This achieves overvoltage and / or overcurrent protection for the entire circuit, improving the operational safety of the entire circuit, preventing damage to components in the circuit from overvoltage and / or overcurrent, and extending the service life of the entire circuit.

[0029] In one optional implementation, the overvoltage protection circuit includes: a voltage detection circuit and a voltage comparison control circuit, wherein the input terminal of the voltage detection circuit is connected to the output terminal of the basic BUCK circuit.

[0030] The voltage comparison control circuit includes: a first comparator, a fifth controlled switch, and a sixth controlled switch. The first input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, the second input terminal is connected to the first reference voltage signal, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the fifth controlled switch and the input terminal of the power management controller. The power management controller outputs a signal based on the output terminal of the first comparator to control the BUCK control circuit to be turned on or off.

[0031] The first terminal of the fifth controlled switch is grounded, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the sixth controlled switch. The first terminal of the sixth controlled switch is connected to a high-level signal, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK control circuit to control the BUCK control circuit to be turned on or off.

[0032] The second terminal of the sixth controlled switch is also connected to the input terminal of the power management controller. The power management controller outputs a signal based on the second terminal of the sixth controlled switch to control the BUCK control circuit to be turned on or off.

[0033] This invention utilizes a comparator to implement overvoltage detection and converts the overvoltage signal into a control signal that turns the BUCK control circuit on or off by setting two controlled switches, thus achieving hardware overvoltage protection for the entire circuit and improving circuit operation safety. Furthermore, by connecting the voltage detection signal to the power management controller, the controller can analyze the voltage detection signal through its built-in processing logic. When the analysis indicates an overvoltage, it simultaneously generates a control signal for the BUCK control circuit to turn it off, thereby stopping the entire BUCK circuit. This provides software overvoltage protection for the entire BUCK circuit and subsequent circuits. Combined with the hardware overvoltage protection function, this achieves dual hardware and software overvoltage protection for the entire power management circuit. If one overvoltage protection function fails, the redundant overvoltage protection function can further protect the entire power management circuit from overvoltage, further enhancing circuit operation safety.

[0034] In one optional implementation, the overcurrent protection circuit includes: a current detection circuit and a current comparison control circuit;

[0035] The current detection circuit includes a sampling resistor and an operational amplifier. The sampling resistor is located at the output terminal of the BUCK circuit, and the two input terminals of the operational amplifier are respectively connected to the two ends of the sampling resistor.

[0036] The current comparison control circuit includes: a second comparator, a seventh controlled switch, and an eighth controlled switch. The first input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier, the second input terminal is connected to the second reference voltage signal, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the seventh controlled switch and the input terminal of the power management controller. The power management controller outputs a signal based on the output terminal of the second comparator to control the BUCK control circuit to be turned on or off.

[0037] The first terminal of the seventh controlled switch is grounded, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the eighth controlled switch. The first terminal of the eighth controlled switch is connected to a high-level signal, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK control circuit to control the BUCK control circuit to be turned on or off.

[0038] The second terminal of the eighth controlled switch is also connected to the input terminal of the power management controller. The power management controller outputs a signal based on the second terminal of the eighth controlled switch to control the BUCK control circuit to be turned on or off.

[0039] This invention implements overcurrent detection using a sampling resistor and a comparator, and converts the overcurrent signal into a control signal to turn the BUCK control circuit on or off by setting two controlled switches, thus achieving hardware overcurrent protection for the entire circuit and improving circuit operation safety. Furthermore, by connecting the current detection signal to the power management controller, the controller can analyze the current detection signal through its built-in processing logic. When the analysis indicates an overcurrent, it synchronously generates a control signal for the BUCK control circuit to turn it off, thereby stopping the entire BUCK circuit. This provides software overcurrent protection for the entire BUCK circuit and subsequent circuits. Combined with the hardware overcurrent protection function, this achieves dual hardware and software overcurrent protection for the entire power management circuit. If one overcurrent protection function fails, the redundant overcurrent protection function can further protect the entire power management circuit from overcurrent, further enhancing circuit operation safety.

[0040] In one optional implementation, the output terminals of the overvoltage protection circuit, the overcurrent protection circuit, and the power management controller are respectively connected to the control terminal of the BUCK circuit via diodes.

[0041] This invention uses diodes to isolate the control signals output from the overvoltage protection circuit, overcurrent protection circuit, and power management controller to the BUCK circuit control terminal, thereby preventing interference between the signals and affecting the normal operation of the circuit, and further improving the safety of circuit operation.

[0042] In one optional implementation, both the analog power conversion circuit and the digital power conversion circuit include: an enable control circuit and a linear voltage regulator chip.

[0043] The input terminal of the linear regulator chip is connected to the output terminal of the BUCK circuit through the enable control circuit, and the output terminal is used to provide the corresponding analog power supply voltage or digital power supply voltage.

[0044] The control terminal of the enable control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller.

[0045] The enable control circuit turns the linear regulator chip on or off based on the control signal at the output of the power management controller, thereby controlling the connection or disconnection of the BUCK circuit.

[0046] This invention utilizes a linear voltage regulator chip to achieve voltage conversion between digital and analog power supplies, and sets up an enable control circuit to enable the conversion between digital and analog power supplies, thereby realizing power supply control for both digital and analog power supplies.

[0047] In one optional implementation, the core power conversion circuit includes a switching power supply chip, wherein the control terminal of the switching power supply chip is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller, the input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the BUCK circuit, and the output terminal is used to provide the core power supply voltage.

[0048] This invention utilizes a switching power supply chip to achieve the voltage conversion function of the core power supply, thereby meeting the core power supply voltage required by the load.

[0049] In one optional implementation, the analog power conversion circuit, the digital power conversion circuit, and the core power conversion circuit all include: a voltage adjustment circuit;

[0050] The voltage adjustment circuit includes: a first resistor and at least one adjustment sub-circuit, one end of the first resistor is connected to the output terminal of the linear regulator chip or the output terminal of the switching power supply chip, and the other end is connected to one end of the adjustment sub-circuit, the feedback control terminal of the linear regulator chip or the feedback control terminal of the switching power supply chip respectively.

[0051] The adjustment sub-circuit includes: a second resistor and a ninth controlled switch, one end of the second resistor is connected to one end of the first resistor, and the other end is connected to the first end of the ninth controlled switch;

[0052] The second terminal of the ninth controlled switch is grounded, and the control terminal is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller.

[0053] The power management controller adjusts the output voltage of the analog power conversion circuit, the digital power conversion circuit, and the core power conversion circuit by adjusting the control signal of the control terminal of the ninth controlled switch in each adjustment sub-circuit.

[0054] This invention uses a power management controller to control the controlled switch in the adjustment sub-circuit, thereby adjusting the resistance value connected in the voltage adjustment circuit. This, in turn, adjusts the feedback voltage connected to the feedback control terminals of the linear regulator chip and the switching power supply chip, enabling flexible adjustment of the analog power supply voltage, digital power supply voltage, and core power supply voltage to meet the power supply voltage requirements of different loads. Furthermore, the power management controller can switch the voltage value of the power rail using software control, further expanding its applicability.

[0055] In one optional implementation, the management control circuit further includes a power supply circuit;

[0056] The input terminal of the power supply circuit is connected to the power supply, and the output terminal is connected to the power supply terminal of the power management controller, for supplying power to the power management controller.

[0057] This invention provides power to the power management controller by setting up a power supply circuit, enabling the power management controller to function properly.

[0058] In one optional implementation, the power supply voltage is 48V.

[0059] This invention can meet the power management requirements of a 48V power supply system, and can also meet the power management requirements of the in-vehicle controller in a car under a 48V power supply system.

[0060] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a power supply system, the power supply system comprising: a power supply, and the power supply system further comprising: a power management circuit provided in the first aspect or any optional embodiment thereof;

[0061] The input terminal of the power management circuit is connected to the power supply, and the output terminal is connected to the electrical load, for providing analog power supply voltage, digital power supply voltage and core power supply voltage to the electrical load.

[0062] The power supply system provided by this invention addresses the power supply needs of various power sources—analog, digital, and core—based on the analog, digital, and core power requirements of the vehicle's controller system. It utilizes discrete circuits to achieve voltage reduction, meeting the voltage conversion requirements under a 48V supply. The reduced voltage is then converted into corresponding analog, digital, and core power supply voltages via analog power conversion circuits, digital power conversion circuits, and core power conversion circuits, respectively, to meet the power supply needs of the controller system. A single power management circuit enables simultaneous and synchronized power supply from analog, digital, and core power sources, satisfying the power demands of different loads. Centralized power supply setup and management reduces wiring harnesses between vehicle loads and power sources, optimizing the vehicle's spatial layout. A power management controller monitors the output signals of the BUCK, analog, digital, and core power conversion circuits and controls their operation. Specifically, the power management controller controls the control signals of each power conversion circuit. The power management controller can control whether each power conversion circuit provides the corresponding power supply, and can also control the on / off state of the entire power management circuit by adjusting the control signal of the BUCK circuit control terminal. In addition, the power management controller can also control the on / off state of each circuit based on the feedback of the output signals of each circuit. By utilizing the built-in control logic of the power management controller, the entire power management circuit can be centrally and uniformly managed, improving the efficiency and accuracy of power management, realizing flexible control of power supply capacity and power supply mode, and ensuring circuit safety during circuit operation. Thus, the entire power management circuit implements the power management function through hardware circuits, eliminating the need for a dedicated power management chip. Since the execution efficiency of hardware circuits is much higher than the execution efficiency of software processing instructions in power management chips, the overall power management efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, the hardware circuit structure is stable and has strong anti-interference capabilities, which is conducive to the long-term stable operation of the vehicle's power supply. Moreover, the entire circuit structure is simple and low-cost, reducing the power management cost compared to a dedicated power management chip.

[0063] In one optional implementation, the electrical load is a main controller, and the main controller is communicatively connected to the power management controller of the power management circuit.

[0064] The power management controller sends the operating data of the power management circuit to the main controller;

[0065] When the power management controller receives a sleep command sent by the main controller, it controls the power management circuit to enter a sleep state.

[0066] When the power management controller receives a wake-up command, it wakes up the power management circuit.

[0067] When the power management controller detects an abnormality in communication between the main controller and itself, it controls the main controller to reset.

[0068] When the power supply system supplies power to the main controller, the present invention enables the main controller to monitor the operating data of the power management circuit through communication connection between the controller and the power management controller, and realizes the wake-up and sleep control of the power management circuit. By monitoring the communication through the power management controller, the working status of the main controller is monitored, and the main controller is reset in case of abnormality, so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the main controller.

[0069] Thirdly, the present invention provides a vehicle comprising: a main controller and a power supply system provided in the second aspect or any alternative embodiment thereof, the power supply system being used to supply power to the main controller.

[0070] The vehicle provided by this invention utilizes discrete circuits to meet the power supply requirements of various power sources, including analog, digital, and core power supplies, based on the analog power, digital power, and core power required by the vehicle's controller system. A BUCK circuit is used to step down the voltage, satisfying the voltage conversion requirements under a 48V supply. The stepped-down voltage is then converted into corresponding analog, digital, and core power supply voltages via analog power conversion circuits, digital power conversion circuits, and core power conversion circuits, respectively, to meet the power supply needs of the controller system. A single power management circuit enables the joint and synchronous supply of analog, digital, and core power supplies, satisfying the power demands of different electrical loads. Centralized setup and management of the vehicle's power supply reduces the wiring harness between the vehicle loads and the power supply, optimizing the vehicle's spatial layout. A power management controller monitors the output signals of the BUCK, analog, digital, and core power conversion circuits and controls their operation. Specifically, the power management controller adjusts the control signals at the control terminals of each power conversion circuit. The power management controller can control whether each power conversion circuit provides the corresponding power supply, and can also control the on / off state of the entire power management circuit by adjusting the control signal of the BUCK circuit control terminal. In addition, the power management controller can also control the on / off state of each circuit based on the feedback of the output signals of each circuit. By utilizing the built-in control logic of the power management controller, the entire power management circuit can be centrally and uniformly managed, improving the efficiency and accuracy of power management, realizing flexible control of power supply capacity and power supply mode, and ensuring circuit safety during circuit operation. Thus, the entire power management circuit implements the power management function through hardware circuit, without the need for a dedicated power management chip. Since the execution efficiency of hardware circuit is much higher than the execution efficiency of software processing instructions in power management chips, the overall power management efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, the hardware circuit structure is stable and has strong anti-interference capabilities, which is conducive to the long-term stable operation of the vehicle power supply. Moreover, the entire circuit structure is simple and low-cost, reducing the power management cost compared to a dedicated power management chip. Attached Figure Description

[0071] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0072] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power management circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the BUCK circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overvoltage protection circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overcurrent protection circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an analog power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a digital power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the core power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 8(a) is a schematic diagram of the power supply circuit of the management control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 8(b) is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the power management controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the power management process of the power management controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 11(a) is a schematic diagram of the wake-up logic according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 11(b) is a schematic diagram of the sleep logic according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of watchdog logic according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 13 This is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0087] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0088] Addressing the lack of integrated power management chips for complex controllers in current automotive 48V power distribution systems (current chips primarily operate in 24V and 12V systems), this paper proposes a circuit-level power management solution. This solution utilizes readily available and commercially available automotive-grade discrete components to convert 48V to 5.8V (output voltage adjustable as needed) and provides the analog, digital, and core power supplies required within the controller system. Because the entire circuit uses mature, automotive-grade discrete components, it is simple and serves as a low-cost power management solution for 48V controllers. Similarly, this power management solution is also applicable to other power supply systems with different voltage levels, such as 12V or 24V.

[0089] To address the aforementioned issues, this embodiment provides a power management circuit. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power management circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the power management circuit includes:

[0090] The circuit includes a BUCK circuit 101, an analog power conversion circuit 102, a digital power conversion circuit 103, a core power conversion circuit 104, and a management and control circuit 105, wherein the management and control circuit 105 includes a power management controller U7.

[0091] The power input terminal of the BUCK circuit 101 is connected to an external power supply V, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the analog power conversion circuit 102, the input terminal of the digital power conversion circuit 103, and the input terminal of the core power conversion circuit 104, respectively, to step down the power supply V to the first voltage VPRE.

[0092] Analog power conversion circuit 102 is used to convert the first voltage VPRE into an analog supply voltage;

[0093] Digital power conversion circuit 103 is used to convert the first voltage VPRE into a digital power supply voltage;

[0094] The core power conversion circuit 104 is used to convert the first voltage VPRE into a core power supply voltage, which is used to power the computing core of the load chip.

[0095] The input terminals of the power management controller U7 are connected to the output terminals of the BUCK circuit 101, the analog power conversion circuit 102, the digital power conversion circuit 103, and the core power conversion circuit 104, respectively. Figure 1 (Not shown in the image), the output terminals of the power management controller U7 are respectively connected to the control terminals of the BUCK circuit 101, the analog power conversion circuit 102, the digital power conversion circuit 103, and the core power conversion circuit 104. Figure 1 (Not shown in the image), used to control the operation of BUCK circuit 101, analog power conversion circuit 102, digital power conversion circuit 103 and core power conversion circuit 104.

[0096] The entire power management circuit is used to power load chips such as MCU chips and other peripheral circuits in vehicles. The analog power supply voltage and digital power supply voltage are used to provide the required digital or analog power to the MCU chip and peripheral circuits. The core power supply voltage, referred to as the core power supply, is used to power the computing core of chips such as MCU. In practical applications, it can also be called the core voltage of the MCU chip. This is existing technology and will not be elaborated here.

[0097] This invention, based on the analog, digital, and core power supplies required by the vehicle's controller system, utilizes discrete circuits to meet the power supply needs of various power sources. A BUCK circuit is used to step down the voltage, satisfying the voltage conversion requirements under a 48V supply. The stepped-down voltage is then converted into the corresponding analog, digital, and core power supply voltages via analog power conversion circuits, digital power conversion circuits, and core power conversion circuits, respectively, to meet the power supply needs of the controller system. A single power management circuit enables the joint and synchronous supply of analog, digital, and core power supplies, satisfying the power demands of different electrical loads. Centralized setup and management of the vehicle's power supply reduces the wiring harness between the vehicle loads and the power supply, optimizing the vehicle's spatial layout. A power management controller monitors the output signals of the BUCK, analog, digital, and core power conversion circuits and controls their operation. Specifically, the power management controller adjusts the control signals at the control terminals of each power conversion circuit. This system can control whether each power conversion circuit provides the corresponding power supply, and can also control the on / off state of the entire power management circuit by adjusting the control signal at the BUCK circuit control terminal. In addition, the power management controller can also control the on / off state of each circuit based on the feedback of the output signals of each circuit. By utilizing the built-in control logic of the power management controller, the entire power management circuit can be centrally and uniformly managed, improving the efficiency and accuracy of power management. It achieves flexible control over power supply capacity and power supply mode, and ensures circuit safety during circuit operation. Thus, the entire power management circuit implements power management functions through hardware circuits, eliminating the need for a dedicated power management chip. Since the execution efficiency of hardware circuits is much higher than that of software processing instructions in power management chips, the overall power management efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, the hardware circuit structure is stable and has strong anti-interference capabilities, which is conducive to the long-term stable operation of the vehicle's power supply. Moreover, the entire circuit structure is simple and low-cost, reducing power management costs compared to dedicated power management chips.

[0098] In this embodiment of the invention, the power supply V is described as 48V. This embodiment can meet the power management requirements of a 48V power supply system, and can also meet the power management requirements of the vehicle's in-vehicle controller under a 48V power supply system. In practical applications, the power supply V can also be set to 12V, 24V, etc., depending on the requirements of the power system installed in the actual vehicle, and this invention is not limited thereto.

[0099] Specifically, the BUCK circuit 101 is a step-down DC-DC converter circuit. The specific circuit structures of the aforementioned BUCK circuit 101, analog power conversion circuit 102, digital power conversion circuit 103, and core power conversion circuit 104 can all be implemented using existing BUCK circuits, analog power conversion circuits, digital power conversion circuits, and core power conversion circuits, as long as they can achieve the corresponding voltage conversion function and have signal control ports to realize the start and stop function of external control circuits. This invention is not limited to these. The aforementioned power management controller U7 can be a low-power chip such as an MCU with data processing and management functions to reduce losses. The specific selection of the MCU chip can be flexibly chosen according to actual functional requirements, and will not be elaborated here.

[0100] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 2 As shown, the above-mentioned BUCK circuit 101 includes: a basic BUCK circuit 1011 and a BUCK control circuit 1012;

[0101] The first terminal of the BUCK control circuit 1012 is connected to the power supply V, the second terminal is connected to the basic BUCK circuit 1011, and the control terminal is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller U7.

[0102] The BUCK control circuit 1012 turns the basic BUCK circuit 1011 on or off with the power supply V based on the control signal at the output of the power management controller U7.

[0103] The basic BUCK circuit 1011 steps down the power supply V to a first voltage VPRE when connected to the power supply V.

[0104] This invention provides a basic BUCK circuit that meets the 48V withstand voltage requirement, enabling a first-level voltage conversion. The converted voltage can meet the needs of subsequent power conversion circuits, achieving adaptability to different power supply voltage levels. Furthermore, the power management controller controls the conduction state of the BUCK control circuit via control signals, thereby controlling the operation of the basic BUCK circuit and further improving the accuracy and flexibility of power management.

[0105] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the above-mentioned BUCK control circuit 1012 includes: a first controlled switch Q7 and a second controlled switch Q2, wherein the control terminal of the first controlled switch Q7 is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller U7. Figure 2 (not shown in the diagram), the first terminal is grounded, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the second controlled switch Q2;

[0106] The first terminal of the second controlled switch Q2 is connected to the power supply V, and the second terminal is connected to the power input terminal of the basic BUCK circuit 1011.

[0107] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first controlled switch Q7 is an NPN transistor, and the second controlled switch Q2 is a PMOS transistor. The BUCK control circuit 1012 also includes an external circuit composed of R7, R9, R12, and R13, with the specific circuit connections as follows. Figure 2 As shown, further details will not be repeated here. It should be noted that in practical applications, the first controlled switch Q7 and the second controlled switch Q2 can be flexibly selected, such as relays, IGBT devices, transistors, MOSFETs, etc. The specific selection and peripheral circuit can be flexibly designed, as long as the connection and control of the power supply V and the basic BUCK circuit 1011 can be achieved. This invention is not limited to this.

[0108] This invention utilizes two controlled switches to form a BUCK control circuit, which has a simple circuit structure, low cost, and fast switching response speed and high reliability of the hardware controlled switches, thus achieving real-time and accurate management of the basic BUCK circuit.

[0109] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the basic BUCK circuit 1011 includes: a third controlled switch Q6, a fourth controlled switch Q3, a first Zener diode D4, a first inductor L1, an energy storage capacitor C8, and a freewheeling circuit 10111. The reverse terminal of the first Zener diode D4 is connected to the second terminal of the BUCK control circuit 1012 and the control terminal of the third controlled switch Q6, respectively, and the forward terminal is grounded.

[0110] The first terminal of the third controlled switch Q6 is connected to the second terminal of the BUCK control circuit 1012 and the control terminal of the fourth controlled switch Q3, respectively. The second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the first inductor L1 and one terminal of the energy storage capacitor C8.

[0111] The first terminal of the fourth controlled switch Q3 is connected to the second terminal of the BUCK control circuit 1012, and the second terminal is connected to the second terminal of the first inductor L1.

[0112] The other end of the energy storage capacitor C8 is grounded;

[0113] The freewheeling circuit 10111 includes two freewheeling diodes. The forward end of the freewheeling diode is grounded, and the reverse end is connected to the second end of the first inductor L1.

[0114] It should be noted that, in Figure 2The description uses the freewheeling circuit 10111 with two freewheeling diodes, D2 and D3, as an example. In practical applications, the number of freewheeling diodes can be one, three or more, and this invention is not limited thereto.

[0115] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the third controlled switch Q6 is an NPN transistor, and the fourth controlled switch Q3 is a PMOS transistor. The basic BUCK circuit 1011 also includes peripheral circuits composed of C11, C12, D1, C7, R10, C13, R8, R11, C6, C9, C10, C4, and C5, etc. The specific circuit connections are as follows. Figure 2 As shown, further details will not be elaborated here. It should be noted that in practical applications, the third controlled switch Q6 and the fourth controlled switch Q3 can be flexibly selected, such as relays, IGBT devices, transistors, MOSFETs, etc. The specific selection and peripheral circuit can be flexibly designed, as long as the BUCK circuit function can be realized. This invention is not limited to this.

[0116] The embodiments of the present invention employ a discrete circuit design for the BUCK circuit, using only two controlled switches in conjunction with peripheral circuitry to achieve the basic BUCK function. This approach is low-cost, easy to mass-produce, and allows for flexible adjustment of the power supply voltage by using a Zener diode to regulate the output voltage of the BUCK circuit.

[0117] For example, as Figure 2 Taking the BUCK circuit 101 shown as an example, it adopts a discrete circuit design. It achieves the basic BUCK function using only two switching transistors (Q3 and Q6), making it an ultra-low-cost solution with significant implications for mass production applications. The following is a detailed description of the circuit's function:

[0118] Figure 2 In the circuit, C11 and C12 are input filter capacitors, filtering the 48V input; D1 is for input reverse protection, preventing J1 and J3 from being connected in reverse, providing reverse connection protection; Q2 and Q7 form the BUCK control circuit 1012, and the control signal is controlled by the BUCK control port controlled by the power management controller U7. When the voltage between the base and emitter of Q7 is high, Q7 and Q2 conduct, enabling the BUCK function; when the voltage between the base and emitter of Q7 is low, Q7 and Q2 are off, disabling the BUCK function. C7 is a filter capacitor.

[0119] BUCK Principle: The discrete BUCK function is mainly implemented by D4, Q6, Q3, C13, C4, D2, D3, L1, and C8, using mass-produced high-voltage discrete components. The base voltage of Q6 is regulated to 6.8V by D4. When the voltage across L1 is lower than 6.8V-0.7V (0.7V is the forward voltage drop of Q6), Q6 conducts, thereby turning on Q3 controlled by Q6, charging L1 and C8, and supplying power to the downstream components. When the voltage across L1 is higher than 6.8V-0.7V, Q6 is turned off, thereby turning off Q3 controlled by Q6. L1, D2, D3, C8, and the downstream load form a freewheeling circuit, with L1 and C8 supplying power to the downstream components. In the entire BUCK circuit, R10 limits the current to D4. D4 and Q6 form the voltage feedback loop of the BUCK, providing a voltage feedback loop for the output 5.8V voltage. Adjusting the voltage regulation value of D4 can adjust the output voltage of the BUCK circuit 101. The capacitance value of C6 can adjust the switching frequency of the BUCK switch, which can be increased or decreased according to actual needs. Q3 is the main switch of the BUCK, realizing the charging and shutting down of the downstream L1 and the load. D2 and D3 provide a freewheeling path in the freewheeling stage. L1 is the energy storage element in the BUCK, realizing the energy storage function. C9 and C10 are output filter capacitors, providing output voltage filtering and smoothing waveform, and providing instantaneous current capability for the output. The continuous current output capability of the discrete BUCK is determined by Q3, L1, C8, D2, and D3.

[0120] The entire basic BUCK circuit described above operates as follows:

[0121] Phase 1: Q3 Turn-On Stage (Initial). The base voltage (B) of Q6 is 6.8V. Since VPRE is lower than the target voltage of 0V (far lower than VPRE = 6.8V - Vbesat, approximately 5.8V to 6.1V, where Vbesat is the transistor's turn-on voltage), a voltage drop forms between the base (B) and collector (C) of Q6, driving the collector (C) and emitter (E) to conduct. Therefore, the current path at the base of Q6 is D1 → Q2 → R10 → base of Q6 → emitter of Q6 → R6 → J2, resulting in a voltage drop between the source (S) and gate (G) of Q3. The source (S) and drain (D) terminals of Q3 are conducting. The current path through the gate (G) terminal of Q3 is D1→Q2→R10→S terminal of Q3→G terminal of Q3→R11→C terminal of Q6→E terminal of Q6→R6→J2. Since the source and drain terminals of Q3 are conducting, the main current path of BUCK is D1→Q2→R10→S terminal of Q3→D terminal of Q3→L1→R6→J2, completing the turn-on phase of Q3. D4 achieves voltage regulation characteristics and requires current to maintain its voltage. Therefore, the current path of D4 is D1→Q2→R10→D4→GND.

[0122] Phase 2: Q3 off stage. When VPRE exceeds the target voltage, there is no voltage drop between the base (B) and collector (C) of Q6, so there is no current. This results in no voltage divider effect between R8 and R11. The source (S) and gate (G) voltages of Q3 are the same, so Q3 is off, and the source (S) and drain (D) of Q3 cannot conduct. BCUK is in the freewheeling stage at this time. The main current path during the Q3 off stage is mainly due to the charging of L1 when Q3 is turned on. At this time, L1 enters the discharge stage, and the main current path is L1→C8→GND→D2 / D3→L1. Since C6 was charged by the main current path of the previous stage during the initial turn-on stage, ... During this stage, C6 discharges L1. After the discharge, other devices simultaneously charge C6 to provide power for its operation. There are two charging current paths for C6: one is D1→Q2→R10→C6→L1→R6→J2, which charges C6; the other is that the energy stored in C13 in the first stage charges C6 through the path C13→C6→L1→R6→J2. The switching frequency can be adjusted by controlling the charging time of C6 (which is determined by the capacitance value of C6).

[0123] The third stage: This is still a continuation of the BUCK freewheeling stage. C6 continues to discharge, and the energy replenishment path and main current path remain unchanged, continuously providing a stable voltage for the J2 output. However, since C13 charged C6 in the previous stage, the voltage across C13 drops, and C13 needs to be replenished. Therefore, the current path is D1→Q2→R10→C13, which replenishes the energy of C13, stabilizes the voltage across C13, and further stabilizes the base voltage of Q6, preparing for Q3 to turn on again.

[0124] Phase 4: Q3 is turned on again. Due to the continuous consumption of load after the BUCK in the previous two phases, VPRE gradually falls below the target value. Q3 needs to be turned on to replenish power to downstream components and provide output load capability. Therefore, a voltage drop forms between the base (B) and collector (C) of Q6, driving the collector (C) and emitter (E) to conduct. The current path at the base (B) of Q6 remains unchanged. Because the collector and emitter of Q6 are conducting, a voltage divider is formed by R8 and R11, creating a voltage drop between the source (S) and gate (G) of Q3. Consequently, the source (S) and drain (D) of Q3 conduct. At this point, the current path at the gate (G) of Q3 is D1. →Q2→R8→R11→C terminal of Q6→E terminal of Q6→R6→J2; The current path of D4 remains unchanged, and the main current path remains unchanged, consistent with the first stage. At this time, C6 is powered by Q3, which replenishes the energy of C6 and also replenishes the energy consumed by other devices in the previous two stages. Therefore, the entire power replenishment current path of C6 is two: one is D1→Q2→Q3→C6→C13→GND, which replenishes the energy of C13 and C6; the other is D1→Q2→Q3→C6→D4→GND, which together replenish the energy of C6.

[0125] In summary, the entire process is as follows: when VPRE is lower than the target voltage, Q6 turns on, followed by Q3, to supply power to the load. When VPRE rises above the target value as Q3 turns on, Q6 turns off and stops conducting, and Q3 turns off. At this time, D2 / D3 forms a freewheeling path with L1 and C8 to supply power to the load. When VPRE falls below the target value, Q3 starts working repeatedly. The charging and discharging of C6 mainly delays the switching frequency of Q3. The charging and discharging time of C6 determines the BUCK switching frequency. The current path mainly revolves around Q3, L1, C8, and D2 / D3 to achieve the BUCK function.

[0126] In some optional implementations, the power management circuit provided in this embodiment of the invention further includes: an overvoltage protection circuit and an overcurrent protection circuit;

[0127] The input terminal of the overvoltage protection circuit is connected to the output terminal of the basic BUCK circuit 1011, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK control circuit 1012. It is used to control the BUCK control circuit 1012 to disconnect when the first voltage VPRE of the output of the basic BUCK circuit 1011 exceeds the overvoltage protection threshold, so as to control the basic BUCK circuit 1011 to disconnect from the power supply V.

[0128] The input terminal of the overcurrent protection circuit is connected to the output terminal of the basic BUCK circuit 1011, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK control circuit 1012. It is used to control the BUCK control circuit 1012 to disconnect when the output current of the basic BUCK circuit 1011 exceeds the overcurrent protection threshold, so as to control the basic BUCK circuit 1011 to disconnect from the power supply V.

[0129] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention are described using the example of including both overvoltage protection circuit and overcurrent protection circuit. In practical applications, only overvoltage protection circuit or only overcurrent protection circuit may be set according to the needs of the actual circuit. The present invention is not limited thereto.

[0130] This invention, by setting up overvoltage protection circuits and / or overcurrent protection circuits, utilizes hardware circuits to control the BUCK control circuit when overvoltage and / or overcurrent problems occur at the output of the basic BUCK circuit, thereby cutting off the power supply to the basic BUCK circuit. This achieves overvoltage and / or overcurrent protection for the entire circuit, improving the operational safety of the entire circuit, preventing damage to components in the circuit from overvoltage and / or overcurrent, and extending the service life of the entire circuit.

[0131] Furthermore, such as Figure 3As shown, the above-mentioned overvoltage protection circuit includes: a voltage detection circuit 31 and a voltage comparison control circuit 32. The input terminal of the voltage detection circuit 31 is connected to the output terminal of the basic BUCK circuit 1011.

[0132] The voltage comparison control circuit 32 includes: a first comparator U5, a fifth controlled switch Q14, and a sixth controlled switch Q13. The first input terminal of the first comparator U5 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage detection circuit 31, the second input terminal is connected to the first reference voltage signal, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the fifth controlled switch Q14 and the input terminal of the power management controller. The power management controller U7 outputs a signal based on the output terminal of the first comparator U5 to control the BUCK control circuit 1012 to be turned on or off.

[0133] The first terminal of the fifth controlled switch Q14 is grounded, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the sixth controlled switch Q13. The first terminal of the sixth controlled switch Q13 is connected to a high-level signal, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK control circuit 1012 to control the BUCK control circuit 1012 to be turned on or off.

[0134] The second terminal of the sixth controlled switch Q13 is also connected to the input terminal of the power management controller U7. The power management controller U7 outputs a signal based on the second terminal of the sixth controlled switch Q13 to control the BUCK control circuit 1012 to turn on or off.

[0135] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the voltage detection circuit 31 described above is composed of R31, R35, and C24. The specific connection relationship of this circuit is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, and will not be elaborated further here, this circuit divides the VPRE voltage through R31 and R34 to obtain the detection voltage value, and C24 serves as a filter.

[0136] exist Figure 3 In the circuit, the fifth controlled switch Q14 is an NPN transistor, and the sixth controlled switch Q13 is a PNP transistor. The overvoltage protection circuit also includes an external circuit composed of R33, R30, R32, R34, R29, C20, etc., with the specific circuit connections as follows: Figure 3 As shown, further details will not be elaborated here. It should be noted that in practical applications, the fifth and sixth controlled switches mentioned above can be flexibly selected, such as relays, IGBT devices, transistors, MOSFETs, etc. The specific selection and peripheral circuits can be flexibly designed, as long as they can convert the overvoltage protection trigger signal into a control signal to control the BUCK control circuit to turn on or off. This invention is not limited to this.

[0137] This invention implements overvoltage detection using a comparator and converts the overvoltage signal into a control signal to turn the BUCK control circuit on or off by setting two controlled switches, thus achieving hardware overvoltage protection for the entire circuit and improving circuit operation safety. Furthermore, by connecting the voltage detection signal to the power management controller, the controller can analyze the voltage detection signal through its built-in processing logic. When the analysis indicates overvoltage, it synchronously generates a control signal for the BUCK control circuit to turn it off, thereby stopping the entire BUCK circuit. This provides software overvoltage protection for the entire BUCK circuit and subsequent circuits. Combined with the hardware overvoltage protection function, this achieves dual hardware and software overvoltage protection for the entire power management circuit. If one overvoltage protection function fails, the redundant overvoltage protection function can further protect the entire power management circuit from overvoltage, further enhancing circuit operation safety.

[0138] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, the above overcurrent protection circuit includes: a current detection circuit 41 and a current comparison and control circuit 42;

[0139] The current detection circuit 41 includes a sampling resistor R6 and an operational amplifier U4, such as Figure 2 As shown, the sampling resistor R6 is set at the output terminal of the BUCK circuit 101, and the two input terminals of the operational amplifier U4 are respectively connected to the two ends of the sampling resistor R6.

[0140] The current comparison control circuit 42 includes: a second comparator U3, a seventh controlled switch Q11, and an eighth controlled switch Q9. The first input terminal of the second comparator U3 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U4, the second input terminal is connected to the second reference voltage signal, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the seventh controlled switch Q11 and the input terminal of the power management controller U7. The power management controller U7 outputs a signal based on the output terminal of the second comparator U3 to control the BUCK control circuit 1012 to be turned on or off.

[0141] The first terminal of the seventh controlled switch Q11 is grounded, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the eighth controlled switch Q9. The first terminal of the eighth controlled switch Q9 is connected to a high-level signal, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK control circuit 1012 to control the BUCK control circuit 1012 to be turned on or off.

[0142] The second terminal of the eighth controlled switch Q9 is also connected to the input terminal of the power management controller U7. The power management controller U7 outputs a signal based on the second terminal of the eighth controlled switch Q9 to control the BUCK control circuit 1012 to turn on or off.

[0143] For example, such as Figure 4As shown, the seventh controlled switch Q11 is an NPN transistor, and the eighth controlled switch Q9 is a PNP transistor. The overcurrent protection circuit also includes an external circuit composed of R26, R27, R23, R25, R28, C18, C19, R17, R22, R18, R16, R24, and C14. The specific circuit connections are as follows... Figure 4 As shown, further details will not be repeated here. It should be noted that in practical applications, the seventh controlled switch Q11 and the eighth controlled switch Q9 can be flexibly selected, such as relays, IGBT devices, transistors, MOSFETs, etc. The specific selection and peripheral circuit can be flexibly designed, as long as the overcurrent protection trigger signal can be converted into a control signal to control the BUCK control circuit 1012 to turn on or off. This invention is not limited to this.

[0144] This invention implements overcurrent detection using a sampling resistor and a comparator, and converts the overcurrent signal into a control signal to turn the BUCK control circuit on or off by setting two controlled switches, thus achieving hardware overcurrent protection for the entire circuit and improving circuit operation safety. Furthermore, by connecting the current detection signal to the power management controller, the controller can analyze the current detection signal through its built-in processing logic. When the analysis result indicates an overcurrent, it synchronously generates a control signal for the BUCK control circuit to turn it off, thereby stopping the entire BUCK circuit. This provides software overcurrent protection for the entire BUCK circuit and subsequent circuits. Combined with the hardware protection function of the overcurrent protection circuit, this achieves dual hardware and software overcurrent protection for the entire power management circuit. If one overcurrent protection function fails, the redundant overcurrent protection function can further protect the entire power management circuit from overcurrent, further enhancing circuit operation safety.

[0145] In practical applications, the output terminals of the overvoltage protection circuit, the overcurrent protection circuit, and the power management controller U7 are connected to the control terminal of the BUCK circuit 101 via diodes. For example, as shown... Figure 3 As shown, the output terminal of the overvoltage protection circuit is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK circuit 101 via D6, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the output terminal of the overcurrent protection circuit is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK circuit 101 through D5, and the output terminal of the power management controller U7 is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK circuit 101 through D7.

[0146] This invention utilizes diodes to isolate the control signals output from the overvoltage protection circuit, overcurrent protection circuit, and power management controller to the BUCK circuit control terminal, thereby preventing interference between signals from affecting the normal operation of the circuit and further improving the circuit's operational safety.

[0147] Specifically, due to such Figure 2 The discrete BUCK main circuit shown only implements step-down loop control, but cannot provide overvoltage and overcurrent protection against output abnormalities. Figure 3 and Figure 4 Hardware overvoltage protection circuits and overcurrent protection circuits were designed respectively. At the same time, the collected output voltage and current values ​​were fed back to the power management controller U7 to realize the detection of the output voltage and current of the BUCK circuit 101, and thus realize the software control of the BUCK circuit for overvoltage and overcurrent.

[0148] For example, with Figure 3 Taking the circuit shown as an example, the voltage detection and overvoltage protection process is as follows: Voltage detection adopts a resistor voltage divider scheme (R31 / R35). The voltage divider value is input to the power management controller U7, and the output voltage value is read. The power management controller U7 uploads the voltage value and compares it with the protection point set in the program. If it exceeds the protection point, the BUCK function is turned off through the BUCK control port to protect the downstream circuit. The hardware overvoltage protection scheme is to input the collected voltage divider value to U5 and compare it with the overvoltage protection value VCC_MCU*R30 / (R30+R33). If it is lower than this value, it is determined that the overvoltage protection is not applied. Overvoltage occurs when U5 outputs a high level, Q14 conducts, which in turn controls Q13 to conduct. This, in turn, leads to a high level at the base of Q7 via D6 and R13, causing Q7 to conduct. This, in turn, controls Q2 to conduct, and the basic BUCK circuit 1011 operates normally. When the voltage exceeds the hardware protection value, overvoltage is detected, U5 outputs a low level, Q14 is cut off, which in turn controls Q13 to turn off. This, in turn, leads to a low level at the base of Q7 via D6 and R13, causing Q7 to turn off. This, in turn, controls Q2 to turn off, and the basic BUCK circuit 1011 stops working and remains in a disabled state, thus protecting the downstream circuitry.

[0149] For example, with Figure 4Taking the circuit shown as an example, the implementation process of current detection and overcurrent protection is as follows: The circuit consists of a current detection circuit 41 composed of sampling resistor R6 and U4, which converts the collected current value into a voltage value and amplifies it, outputting it to the power management controller U7 and the current comparison control circuit 42 composed of the second comparator U3; the collected value amplified by U4 is filtered by R28 and C19 and then input to the power management controller U7; the power management controller U7 uploads the current value through SPI communication, and at the same time compares it with the protection point preset by the program. If the protection point is exceeded, the BUCK function is turned off through the BUCK control port to realize the protection of the downstream circuit; the hardware overcurrent protection scheme is that the voltage value of the current conversion and amplification U4 is output from pin 1, filtered by R25 and C18 and input to U4. 3. By comparing the voltage value with VCC_MCU*R17 / (R22+R17), if it is lower than this value, it is determined that there is no overcurrent. U3 outputs a high level, Q11 conducts, and then controls Q9 to conduct. Through D5 and R13, the base of Q7 is high, realizing Q7 conduction, which in turn controls Q2 to conduct. The basic BUCK circuit 1011 is in normal working state. When the output value is higher than VCC_MCU*R17 / (R22+R17), it is determined that there is an overcurrent. U3 outputs a low level, Q11 is cut off, which in turn controls Q9 to turn off. Through D5 and R13, the base of Q7 is low, realizing Q7 cut off, which in turn controls Q2 to turn off. The basic BUCK circuit 1011 must not be electrically stopped and is in the working off state, thereby protecting the downstream circuit.

[0150] This invention utilizes discrete components to implement step-down applications in automotive 48V systems using mature components. Different step-down requirements can be met by simply modifying the parameters of these discrete components, addressing the immaturity of existing integrated chips for 48V systems. By simplifying the voltage feedback loop and frequency adjustment scheme, this invention optimizes costs and has significant engineering implications. Furthermore, to meet the high safety requirements of automotive circuits, a discrete hardware overvoltage and overcurrent protection scheme is built using mature automotive-grade chips, combined with a software overvoltage and overcurrent protection scheme, achieving dual redundancy protection.

[0151] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 5 As shown, the analog power conversion circuit 102 includes: a first enable control circuit 51 and a first linear regulator chip U1;

[0152] The input terminal of the first linear regulator chip U1 is connected to the output terminal of the BUCK circuit 101 through the first enable control circuit 51, and the output terminal is used to provide the corresponding analog power supply voltage.

[0153] The control terminal of the first enable control circuit 51 is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller U7;

[0154] The first enable control circuit 51 turns the first linear regulator chip U1 on or off based on the control signal at the output of the power management controller U7, so as to control the connection or disconnection of the BUCK circuit 101.

[0155] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, the first enable control circuit 51 is composed of Q4, Q1, R3, R1, and C1. The analog power conversion circuit 102 further includes a first voltage adjustment circuit 52 and peripheral circuits composed of C2 and C3. Specifically, the first voltage adjustment circuit 52 is composed of Q5 (two integrated NPN transistors), R2, R4, and R5. The specific circuit connection is as follows. Figure 5 As shown, it will not be elaborated further here.

[0156] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, the core of the analog power conversion circuit 102 is implemented using an adjustable linear voltage regulator chip. The power management controller U7 controls the analog power enable control port to output a high level to turn on Q4, which in turn turns on Q1, thus enabling U1. Conversely, the analog power enable control port outputs a low level to turn off Q4, which in turn turns off Q1, thus turning off U1. This method achieves analog power control. The circuit uses Q5 (integrating two NPN transistors) to adjust the output voltage by changing the voltage value at pin 1 of the adjustable U1 through analog power voltage adjustment control ports 1 and 2. Three voltage adjustments are possible: VCC_A = VREF1 * (1 + R2 / R5), VCC_A = VREF1 * (1 + R2 / R4), and VCC_A = VREF1 * (1 + R2(R4 + R5) / R4 * R5), meeting the voltage requirements of different controller systems for the analog power supply. VREF1 is the reference voltage for U1.

[0157] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 6 As shown, the digital power conversion circuit 103 includes: a second enable control circuit 61 and a second linear regulator chip U2;

[0158] The input terminal of the second linear regulator chip U2 is connected to the output terminal of the BUCK circuit 101 through the second enable control circuit 61, and the output terminal is used to provide the corresponding digital power supply voltage.

[0159] The control terminal of the second enable control circuit 61 is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller U7;

[0160] The second enable control circuit 61 turns the second linear regulator chip U2 on or off based on the control signal at the output of the power management controller U7, so as to control the connection or disconnection of the BUCK circuit 101.

[0161] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the second enable control circuit 61 is composed of Q10, Q8, R19, R14, and C15. The digital power conversion circuit 103 also includes a second voltage adjustment circuit 62 and peripheral circuits composed of C16 and C17. Specifically, the second voltage adjustment circuit 62 is composed of Q12 (integrating two NPN transistors), R15, R20, and R21. The specific circuit connection is as follows. Figure 6 As shown, it will not be elaborated further here.

[0162] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the core of the digital power conversion circuit 103 is implemented using an adjustable linear voltage regulator chip. The power management controller U7 controls the digital power enable control port to output a high level to turn on Q10, which in turn turns on Q8, thus enabling U2. Conversely, the digital power enable control port outputs a low level to turn off Q10, which in turn turns off Q8, thus turning off U2. This method achieves digital power control. The circuit also uses Q12 (integrating two NPN transistors) to adjust the digital power supply voltage. Port 1 and digital power supply voltage adjustment control port 2 change the voltage value of pin 1 of adjustable U2 to adjust the output voltage; three voltage adjustments can be achieved: VCC_QC=VREF2*(1+R15 / R20), VCC_QC=VREF2*(1+R15 / R21), VCC_QC=VREF2*(1+R15(R20+R21) / R20*R21), to meet the voltage requirements of different controller systems for digital power supply, where VREF2 is the reference voltage of U2.

[0163] This invention utilizes a linear voltage regulator chip to achieve voltage conversion between digital and analog power supplies, and sets up an enable control circuit to enable the conversion between digital and analog power supplies, thereby achieving power supply control for both digital and analog power supplies.

[0164] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 7 As shown, the core power conversion circuit 104 includes a switching power supply chip U6. The control terminal of the switching power supply chip U6 is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller U7, and the input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the BUCK circuit 101. The output terminal is used to provide the core power supply voltage.

[0165] For example, the core power conversion circuit 104 further includes a third voltage adjustment circuit 71 and an external circuit composed of C23, L2, C21, and C22. Specifically, the third voltage adjustment circuit 71 is composed of Q15 (integrating two NPN transistors), R36, R37, and R38, and the specific circuit connection relationship is as follows. Figure 7As shown, it will not be elaborated further here.

[0166] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown, the core power conversion circuit 104 is implemented using a switching power supply chip U6. The power management controller U7 controls the core voltage control port to control the opening (high level) and closing (low level) of U6. The core power supply voltage fault feedback port (high level: no fault; low level: fault) obtains information on whether the core power supply voltage is faulty. In the circuit, Q15 (integrating two NPN transistors) is used to change the voltage value of the FB pin of U6 through the core voltage power supply voltage adjustment control port 1 and core voltage power supply voltage adjustment control port 2 to adjust the output voltage. Three voltage adjustments can be achieved: VCORE=VREF3*(1+R36 / 38), VCORE=VREF3*(1+R36 / R38), VCORE=VREF3*(1+R36(R36+R38) / R36*R38), to meet the core power supply voltage requirements of different manufacturers' main MCUs. Among them, VREF3 is the reference voltage of U6.

[0167] This invention utilizes a switching power supply chip to achieve the voltage conversion function of the core power supply, thereby meeting the core power supply voltage required by the load.

[0168] In some optional implementations, the above-mentioned analog power conversion circuit, digital power conversion circuit, and core power conversion circuit all include: a voltage regulation circuit;

[0169] The voltage regulation circuit includes: a first resistor and at least one regulation sub-circuit. One end of the first resistor is connected to the output terminal of the linear regulator chip or the output terminal of the switching power supply chip, and the other end is connected to one end of the regulation sub-circuit, the feedback control terminal of the linear regulator chip or the feedback control terminal of the switching power supply chip, respectively.

[0170] The adjustment sub-circuit includes: a second resistor and a ninth controlled switch, one end of the second resistor is connected to one end of the first resistor, and the other end is connected to the first end of the ninth controlled switch;

[0171] The second terminal of the ninth controlled switch is grounded, and the control terminal is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller.

[0172] Specifically, the ninth controlled switch can be a transistor or other switching transistor, but this invention is not limited to this. The number of adjustment sub-circuits can be flexibly set according to the required voltage adjustment level. For example, in Figure 5 The explanation uses an example of adjusting the number of sub-circuits to 2. Figure 5The first resistor mentioned above is R2, and the second resistors in the two adjustment circuits are R4 and R5 respectively. Furthermore, by integrating the two controlled switches of the two adjustment sub-circuits into Q5, the component layout space is saved. This is only an example and is not limited thereto.

[0173] This invention, through the power management controller, controls the controlled switch in the adjustment sub-circuit to adjust the resistance value connected in the voltage adjustment circuit, thereby adjusting the feedback voltage of the feedback control terminal of the linear regulator chip and the feedback control terminal of the switching power supply chip. This enables flexible adjustment of the analog power supply voltage, digital power supply voltage, and core power supply voltage to meet the power supply voltage requirements of different loads. Furthermore, the power management controller can switch the voltage value of the power rail using software control, further improving its applicability.

[0174] In this embodiment of the invention, since the BUCK circuit 101 only implements the first-stage step-down, a two-stage analog power supply, digital power supply and core power supply conversion circuit scheme is designed to provide the digital power supply, analog power supply and core power supply voltage required by the controller's main MCU for the entire system. Furthermore, the output voltage values ​​of the analog power supply, digital power supply and core power supply are set by the software programming of the power management controller U7 to meet the different power supply voltage requirements of different controllers and main MCUs from different manufacturers.

[0175] In some optional embodiments, as shown in FIG8(a), the above-mentioned management control circuit 105 further includes: a power supply circuit 1051;

[0176] The input terminal of the power supply circuit 1051 is connected to the power supply V, and the output terminal is connected to the power supply terminal of the power management controller U7, so as to supply power to the power management controller U7.

[0177] In this embodiment of the invention, a power supply circuit is set up to supply power to the power management controller, enabling the power management controller to work normally.

[0178] For example, as shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b), the power management controller U7 is a low-power MCU. The power supply circuit 1051 consists of D8, C25, C26, R39, R40, R41, R42, and R43, which converts the 48V power supply into the MCU's power supply voltage. The entire MCU power supply is implemented through a D8 Zener diode scheme, providing power to the power management controller U7 so that it can manage the power supply of the BUCK circuit 101 and the analog power supply, digital power supply, and core power supply provided by the entire circuit. It should be noted that the core power supply mentioned in the embodiments and figures of this invention is also called the core voltage power supply, and the two have the same meaning. For example, the overall power management process of the power management controller U7 is as follows: Figure 9 As shown.

[0179] This invention also provides a power supply system, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the power supply system includes: a power supply V, and the power supply system also includes: a power management circuit 1001 provided in another embodiment of the present invention. The input terminal of the power management circuit 1001 is connected to the power supply V, and the output terminal is connected to the electrical load 1002, for providing analog power supply voltage, digital power supply voltage and core power supply voltage to the electrical load 1002.

[0180] The power supply system provided in this embodiment of the invention addresses the power supply needs of various power sources—analog, digital, and core—based on the analog power, digital power, and core power required by the vehicle's controller system. It utilizes discrete circuits to achieve voltage reduction, meeting the voltage conversion requirements under a 48V supply. The reduced voltage is then converted into corresponding analog, digital, and core power supply voltages via analog power conversion circuits, digital power conversion circuits, and core power conversion circuits, respectively, to meet the power supply requirements of the controller system. A single power management circuit enables the joint and synchronous supply of analog, digital, and core power, satisfying the power demands of different loads. Centralized setup and management of the vehicle's power supply reduces the wiring harness between the vehicle loads and the power supply, optimizing the vehicle's spatial layout. A power management controller monitors the output signals of the BUCK circuit, analog power conversion circuit, digital power conversion circuit, and core power conversion circuit, and controls the operation of each circuit. Specifically, the power management controller controls the control terminals of each power conversion circuit. The adjustment of the signal can control whether each power conversion circuit provides the corresponding power supply. It can also control the on / off state of the entire power management circuit by adjusting the control signal of the BUCK circuit control terminal. In addition, the power management controller can also control the on / off state of each circuit based on the feedback of the output signals of each circuit. By utilizing the built-in control logic of the power management controller, the entire power management circuit can be centrally and uniformly managed, which improves the efficiency and accuracy of power management, realizes flexible control of power supply capacity and power supply mode, and ensures circuit safety during circuit operation. Thus, the entire power management circuit implements the power management function through hardware circuit, without the need for a dedicated power management chip. Since the execution efficiency of hardware circuit is much higher than the execution efficiency of software processing instructions in power management chips, the overall power management efficiency can be improved. In addition, the hardware circuit structure is stable and has strong anti-interference, which is conducive to the long-term stable operation of the vehicle power supply. Moreover, the entire circuit structure is simple and low-cost, which reduces the power management cost compared to a dedicated power management chip.

[0181] In some alternative implementations, the electrical load 1002 is the main controller, and the main controller is communicatively connected to the power management controller of the power management circuit 1001.

[0182] The power management controller sends the operating data of the power management circuit 1001 to the main controller;

[0183] When the power management controller receives a sleep command from the main controller, it controls the power management circuit 1001 to enter sleep mode.

[0184] When the power management controller receives a wake-up command, it wakes up the power management circuit 1001.

[0185] When the power management controller detects an abnormality in communication between itself and the main controller, it controls the main controller to reset.

[0186] In this embodiment of the invention, when the power supply system supplies power to the main controller, the main controller monitors the operating data of the power management circuit through a communication connection with the power management controller. It also enables the main controller to control the power management circuit to wake up and go into sleep mode. Furthermore, by using the power management controller for communication monitoring, the main controller's operating status is monitored, and the main controller is reset in case of abnormality, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the main controller.

[0187] For example, taking the main controller as the main MCU and the power management controller as the power management MCU, the power management MCU communicates with the main MCU via SPI to upload power system information. Simultaneously, it acts as a watchdog chip for the main MCU. Through the watchdog pin Watchado (not shown in the figure), the main MCU continuously sends PWM pulses during normal operation. By detecting the pulse information of the main MCU, when no pulse signal is detected, the main MCU is reset via the main MCU reset control pin, thus monitoring the working status of the main MCU. The power management MCU collects all output voltages of the entire power supply system to ensure its stability and reliability. When external forces require the main MCU to enter sleep mode, the main MCU communicates via SPI to put the power management circuit 1001 into sleep mode as well. At this time, the power management MCU shuts down the entire power supply system through the BUCK control port, entering sleep mode. Simultaneously, the wake-up input port WAKE_IN in Figure 8(b) is configured to low level to prepare for the next wake-up. When external forces require the main MCU to operate, the external wake-up source changes the wake-up input port WAKE_IN in Figure 8(b) to high level, waking up the power management MCU. After initialization, it enters the power management process. For example, the wake-up logic of the power management MCU is shown in Figure 11(a), the sleep logic of the power management MCU is shown in Figure 11(b), and the watchdog logic of the power management MCU is shown in Figure 11(b). Figure 12 As shown.

[0188] This invention also provides a vehicle, such as... Figure 13As shown, the vehicle includes a main controller 1301 and a power supply system 1302 provided in another embodiment of the present invention. The power supply system 1302 is used to supply power to the main controller 1301.

[0189] The vehicle provided in this invention utilizes discrete circuits to meet the power supply requirements of various power sources, including analog, digital, and core power supplies, based on the analog power, digital power, and core power required by the vehicle's controller system. A BUCK circuit is used to step down the voltage, satisfying the voltage conversion requirements under a 48V power supply. The stepped-down voltage is then converted into corresponding analog, digital, and core power supply voltages via analog power conversion circuits, digital power conversion circuits, and core power conversion circuits, respectively, to meet the power supply needs of the controller system. A single power management circuit enables the joint and synchronous supply of analog, digital, and core power supplies, satisfying the power demands of different electrical loads. Centralized setup and management of the vehicle's power supply reduces the wiring harness between the vehicle loads and the power supply, optimizing the vehicle's spatial layout. A power management controller monitors the output signals of the BUCK circuit, analog power conversion circuit, digital power conversion circuit, and core power conversion circuit, and controls the operation of each circuit. Specifically, the power management controller controls the control signals of each power conversion circuit. The power management controller can control whether each power conversion circuit provides the corresponding power supply, and can also control the on / off state of the entire power management circuit by adjusting the control signal of the BUCK circuit control terminal. In addition, the power management controller can also control the on / off state of each circuit based on the feedback of the output signals of each circuit. By utilizing the built-in control logic of the power management controller, the entire power management circuit can be centrally and uniformly managed, improving the efficiency and accuracy of power management, realizing flexible control of power supply capacity and power supply mode, and ensuring circuit safety during circuit operation. Thus, the entire power management circuit implements the power management function through hardware circuits, eliminating the need for a dedicated power management chip. Since the execution efficiency of hardware circuits is much higher than the execution efficiency of software processing instructions in power management chips, the overall power management efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, the hardware circuit structure is stable and has strong anti-interference capabilities, which is conducive to the long-term stable operation of the vehicle's power supply. Moreover, the entire circuit structure is simple and low-cost, reducing the power management cost compared to a dedicated power management chip.

[0190] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined in this application.

Claims

1. A power management circuit, characterized in that, include: The system includes a BUCK circuit, an analog power conversion circuit, a digital power conversion circuit, a core power conversion circuit, and a management and control circuit, wherein the management and control circuit includes a power management controller. The power input terminal of the BUCK circuit is connected to an external power supply, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the analog power conversion circuit, the input terminal of the digital power conversion circuit, and the input terminal of the core power conversion circuit, respectively, for stepping down the power supply to the first voltage. The analog power conversion circuit is used to convert the first voltage into an analog power supply voltage; The digital power conversion circuit is used to convert the first voltage into a digital power supply voltage; The core power conversion circuit is used to convert the first voltage into a core power supply voltage, which is used to power the computing core of the load chip. The input terminal of the power management controller is connected to the output terminal of the BUCK circuit, the output terminal of the analog power conversion circuit, the output terminal of the digital power conversion circuit, and the output terminal of the core power conversion circuit, respectively. The output terminal of the power management controller is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK circuit, the control terminal of the analog power conversion circuit, the control terminal of the digital power conversion circuit, and the control terminal of the core power conversion circuit, respectively, for controlling the operation of the BUCK circuit, the analog power conversion circuit, the digital power conversion circuit, and the core power conversion circuit. The BUCK circuit includes: a basic BUCK circuit and a BUCK control circuit; The first terminal of the BUCK control circuit is connected to the power supply, the second terminal is connected to the basic BUCK circuit, and the control terminal is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller. The BUCK control circuit is turned on or off based on the control signal at the output of the power management controller to control the connection or disconnection of the basic BUCK circuit with the power supply. When the basic BUCK circuit is connected to the power supply, it steps down the power supply to a first voltage. The basic BUCK circuit includes: a third controlled switch, a fourth controlled switch, a first Zener diode, a first inductor, an energy storage capacitor, and a freewheeling circuit, wherein... The reverse terminal of the first Zener diode is connected to the second terminal of the BUCK control circuit and the control terminal of the third controlled switch, respectively, while the forward terminal is grounded. The first terminal of the third controlled switch is connected to the second terminal of the BUCK control circuit and the control terminal of the fourth controlled switch, respectively, and the second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the first inductor and one terminal of the energy storage capacitor. The first terminal of the fourth controlled switch is connected to the second terminal of the BUCK control circuit, and the second terminal is connected to the second terminal of the first inductor. The other end of the energy storage capacitor is grounded; The freewheeling circuit includes at least one freewheeling diode, the forward end of which is grounded and the reverse end is connected to the second end of the first inductor.

2. The power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The BUCK control circuit includes: a first controlled switch and a second controlled switch, wherein... The control terminal of the first controlled switch is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller, the first terminal is grounded, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the second controlled switch. The first end of the second controlled switch is connected to the power supply, and the second end is connected to the power input terminal of the basic BUCK circuit.

3. The power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Overvoltage protection circuit and / or overcurrent protection circuit; The input terminal of the overvoltage protection circuit is connected to the output terminal of the basic BUCK circuit, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK control circuit. It is used to control the BUCK control circuit to disconnect when the first voltage output of the basic BUCK circuit exceeds the overvoltage protection threshold, so as to control the basic BUCK circuit to disconnect from the power supply. The input terminal of the overcurrent protection circuit is connected to the output terminal of the basic BUCK circuit, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK control circuit. It is used to control the BUCK control circuit to disconnect when the output current of the basic BUCK circuit exceeds the overcurrent protection threshold, so as to control the basic BUCK circuit to disconnect from the power supply.

4. The power management circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The overvoltage protection circuit includes a voltage detection circuit and a voltage comparison control circuit, wherein the input terminal of the voltage detection circuit is connected to the output terminal of the basic BUCK circuit. The voltage comparison control circuit includes: a first comparator, a fifth controlled switch, and a sixth controlled switch. The first input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, the second input terminal is connected to the first reference voltage signal, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the fifth controlled switch and the input terminal of the power management controller. The power management controller outputs a signal based on the output terminal of the first comparator to control the BUCK control circuit to be turned on or off. The first terminal of the fifth controlled switch is grounded, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the sixth controlled switch. The first terminal of the sixth controlled switch is connected to a high-level signal, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK control circuit to control the BUCK control circuit to be turned on or off. The second terminal of the sixth controlled switch is also connected to the input terminal of the power management controller. The power management controller outputs a signal based on the second terminal of the sixth controlled switch to control the BUCK control circuit to be turned on or off.

5. The power management circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The overcurrent protection circuit includes: a current detection circuit and a current comparison and control circuit; The current detection circuit includes a sampling resistor and an operational amplifier. The sampling resistor is located at the output terminal of the BUCK circuit, and the two input terminals of the operational amplifier are respectively connected to the two ends of the sampling resistor. The current comparison control circuit includes: a second comparator, a seventh controlled switch, and an eighth controlled switch. The first input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier, the second input terminal is connected to the second reference voltage signal, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the seventh controlled switch and the input terminal of the power management controller. The power management controller outputs a signal based on the output terminal of the second comparator to control the BUCK control circuit to be turned on or off. The first terminal of the seventh controlled switch is grounded, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the eighth controlled switch. The first terminal of the eighth controlled switch is connected to a high-level signal, and the second terminal is connected to the control terminal of the BUCK control circuit to control the BUCK control circuit to be turned on or off. The second terminal of the eighth controlled switch is also connected to the input terminal of the power management controller. The power management controller outputs a signal based on the second terminal of the eighth controlled switch to control the BUCK control circuit to be turned on or off.

6. The power management circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The output terminals of the overvoltage protection circuit, the overcurrent protection circuit, and the power management controller are respectively connected to the control terminal of the BUCK circuit via diodes.

7. The power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the analog power conversion circuit and the digital power conversion circuit include: an enable control circuit and a linear voltage regulator chip; The input terminal of the linear regulator chip is connected to the output terminal of the BUCK circuit through the enable control circuit, and the output terminal is used to provide the corresponding analog power supply voltage or digital power supply voltage. The control terminal of the enable control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller. The enable control circuit turns the linear regulator chip on or off based on the control signal at the output of the power management controller, thereby controlling the connection or disconnection of the BUCK circuit.

8. The power management circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The core power conversion circuit includes a switching power supply chip. The control terminal of the switching power supply chip is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller, the input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the BUCK circuit, and the output terminal is used to provide the core power supply voltage.

9. The power management circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The analog power conversion circuit, the digital power conversion circuit, and the core power conversion circuit all include: a voltage adjustment circuit; The voltage adjustment circuit includes: a first resistor and at least one adjustment sub-circuit, one end of the first resistor is connected to the output terminal of the linear regulator chip or the output terminal of the switching power supply chip, and the other end is connected to one end of the adjustment sub-circuit, the feedback control terminal of the linear regulator chip or the feedback control terminal of the switching power supply chip respectively. The adjustment sub-circuit includes: a second resistor and a ninth controlled switch, one end of the second resistor is connected to one end of the first resistor, and the other end is connected to the first end of the ninth controlled switch; The second terminal of the ninth controlled switch is grounded, and the control terminal is connected to the output terminal of the power management controller. The power management controller adjusts the output voltage of the analog power conversion circuit, the digital power conversion circuit, and the core power conversion circuit by adjusting the control signal of the control terminal of the ninth controlled switch in each adjustment sub-circuit.

10. The power management circuit according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The management and control circuit also includes: a power supply circuit; The input terminal of the power supply circuit is connected to the power supply, and the output terminal is connected to the power supply terminal of the power management controller, for supplying power to the power management controller.

11. The power management circuit according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The power supply voltage is 48V.

12. A power supply system, the power supply system comprising: The power supply is characterized in that the power supply system further includes: a power management circuit as described in any one of claims 1-11; The input terminal of the power management circuit is connected to the power supply, and the output terminal is connected to the electrical load, for providing analog power supply voltage, digital power supply voltage and core power supply voltage to the electrical load.

13. The power supply system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The electrical load is the main controller, and the main controller is communicatively connected to the power management controller of the power management circuit. The power management controller sends the operating data of the power management circuit to the main controller; When the power management controller receives a sleep command sent by the main controller, it controls the power management circuit to enter a sleep state. When the power management controller receives a wake-up command, it wakes up the power management circuit. When the power management controller detects an abnormality in communication between the main controller and itself, it controls the main controller to reset.

14. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: The main controller and the power supply system as described in any one of claims 12-13, wherein the power supply system is used to supply power to the main controller.

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