Cardiac ectoskeleton for treating heart failure

Abstract

The invention provides a cardiac ectoskeleton for treating heart failure, which comprises an ectoskeleton main body, a middle layer of the ectoskeleton main body is a structural member made of a dielectric elastomer material, conductive layers are arranged on two sides of the middle layer, and the conductive layers are structural members made of a conductive material; the detection assembly is used for detecting electrocardiogram data of the heart; the control assembly is used for controlling the outer skeleton main body to contract according to the electrocardio data. The invention has the beneficial effects that the dielectric elastomer has the characteristics of high strain and quick response and is suitable for the contraction function of the cardiac outer skeleton, the polyurethane material and the dielectric elastomer have good biocompatibility, immune response and inflammation are reduced, wireless charging is realized, and a wireless charging system improves the safety and reduces the infection risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cardiac treatment device technology, and in particular relates to a cardiac exoskeleton for treating heart failure. Background Technology

[0002] Heart failure is a serious heart disease. Traditional treatments include medication, heart transplantation, or the use of mechanical assist devices such as left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). However, these methods have problems such as disuse atrophy of cardiomyocytes, anticoagulation issues, and energy dependence. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a cardiac exoskeleton for the treatment of heart failure, in order to solve at least one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a cardiac exoskeleton for treating heart failure, comprising:

[0006] The outer frame body has a middle layer made of dielectric elastomer material, and conductive layers are provided on both sides of the middle layer. The conductive layers are made of conductive material.

[0007] A detection component, wherein the component is used to detect electrocardiogram data of the heart;

[0008] A control component that controls the contraction of the exoskeleton body based on electrocardiogram data.

[0009] Furthermore, the surface of the main body of the exoskeleton is provided with a protective layer made of polyurethane.

[0010] Furthermore, the dielectric elastomer material is a polysiloxane material or a polyacrylate material.

[0011] Furthermore, the conductive material is carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, or conductive polymers.

[0012] Furthermore, the conductive layers on both sides of the intermediate layer are electrically connected to the output terminals of the power supply component.

[0013] Furthermore, the positive and negative terminals of the power supply component are electrically connected to a conductive layer via wires.

[0014] The control component is used to control the magnitude of the output current and the frequency of current interruption of the power supply component.

[0015] Furthermore, a receiving electromagnetic coil is provided on the outer side of the main body of the exoskeleton, and the two output terminals of the receiving electromagnetic coil are respectively electrically connected to a conductive layer.

[0016] The power supply component includes a transmitting electromagnetic coil and a power supply module. The control component adjusts the rate of change of magnetic flux of the transmitting electromagnetic coil by adjusting the current output of the power supply module. The receiving electromagnetic coil outputs a corresponding current according to the change of magnetic flux of the transmitting electromagnetic coil.

[0017] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for treating heart failure using the cardiac exoskeleton described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1. Collect cardiac electrocardiogram (ECG) data and obtain the heart rate based on the ECG data;

[0019] S2. Control the contraction frequency of the exoskeleton body according to the heart rate.

[0020] Furthermore, S1 includes the following steps:

[0021] S11. Bandpass filtering is performed on cardiac electrocardiogram data to remove power frequency interference and high-frequency noise;

[0022] S12. Use the Pan-Tompkins algorithm to differentiate and enhance the slope, and use adaptive threshold decision to output the R-peak timestamp.

[0023] S13. Eliminate instantaneous jitter by moving average or exponential smoothing, wherein the update frequency is 1Hz;

[0024] Furthermore, step S2 includes the following steps:

[0025] S21. Define a function to represent heart rate to systolic frequency, and set safe upper and lower limits for systolic frequency;

[0026] S22. Collect the latest smoothed heart rate, calculate the target contraction frequency, and generate a driving signal;

[0027] S23. Real-time monitoring of actual contraction, closed-loop control of contraction frequency and contraction stroke.

[0028] A third aspect of the present invention provides a server including at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the method as described in the second aspect.

[0029] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in the second aspect.

[0030] Compared with existing technologies, the cardiac exoskeleton for treating heart failure described in this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] This invention discloses a cardiac exoskeleton for treating heart failure. The dielectric elastomer possesses high strain and rapid response characteristics, suitable for the contractile function of the cardiac exoskeleton. The polyurethane material and dielectric elastomer exhibit good biocompatibility, reducing immune responses and inflammation. Wireless charging: The wireless charging system improves safety and reduces the risk of infection. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method for treating heart failure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0037] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] A cardiac exoskeleton for treating heart failure, comprising:

[0040] The outer frame body has a middle layer made of dielectric elastomer material, and conductive layers are provided on both sides of the middle layer. The conductive layers are made of conductive material.

[0041] A detection component, wherein the component is used to detect electrocardiogram data of the heart;

[0042] A control component that controls the contraction of the exoskeleton body based on electrocardiogram data.

[0043] The surface of the main body of the exoskeleton is covered with a protective layer made of polyurethane.

[0044] The dielectric elastomer is made of polysiloxane or polyacrylate.

[0045] The conductive material is carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, or conductive polymers.

[0046] The conductive layers on both sides of the intermediate layer are electrically connected to the output terminals of the power supply component.

[0047] The positive and negative terminals of the power supply component are electrically connected to a conductive layer via wires.

[0048] The control component is used to control the magnitude of the output current and the frequency of current interruption of the power supply component.

[0049] The outer side of the main body of the exoskeleton is provided with a receiving electromagnetic coil, and the two output terminals of the receiving electromagnetic coil are respectively electrically connected to a conductive layer.

[0050] The power supply component includes a transmitting electromagnetic coil and a power supply module. The control component adjusts the rate of change of magnetic flux of the transmitting electromagnetic coil by adjusting the current output of the power supply module. The receiving electromagnetic coil outputs a corresponding current according to the change of magnetic flux of the transmitting electromagnetic coil.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for treating heart failure includes the following steps:

[0052] S1. Collect cardiac electrocardiogram (ECG) data and obtain the heart rate based on the ECG data;

[0053] S2. Control the contraction frequency of the exoskeleton body according to the heart rate.

[0054] S1 includes the following steps:

[0055] S11. Bandpass filtering is performed on cardiac electrocardiogram data to remove power frequency interference and high-frequency noise;

[0056] S12. Use the Pan-Tompkins algorithm to differentiate and enhance the slope, and use adaptive threshold decision to output the R-peak timestamp.

[0057] S13. Eliminate instantaneous jitter by moving average or exponential smoothing, wherein the update frequency is 1Hz;

[0058] Step S2 includes the following steps:

[0059] S21. Define a function to represent heart rate to systolic frequency, and set safe upper and lower limits for systolic frequency;

[0060] S22. Collect the latest smoothed heart rate, calculate the target contraction frequency, and generate a driving signal;

[0061] S23. Real-time monitoring of actual contraction, closed-loop control of contraction frequency and contraction stroke.

[0062] The specific process for obtaining the function from heart rate to systolic frequency through neural network model training is as follows:

[0063] A1. Collect electrocardiogram (ECG) data.

[0064] Collect smoothed heart rate values ​​(BPM);

[0065] Heart rate change rate (ΔBPM / second);

[0066] And add status labels (such as resting, walking, running) to the ECG status;

[0067] Output tags:

[0068] Target contraction frequency at corresponding time

[0069] The corresponding target distance (distance length or angle)

[0070] A2. Use the data collected in A1 to train a small feedforward network, specifically by dividing the training set / validation set and test set as follows;

[0071] Feature normalization / standardization

[0072] Choosing a loss function:

[0073] For frequency: MSE (mean square error)

[0074] For the trip: weighted MSE or bi-objective loss;

[0075] Hyperparameter tuning through cross-validation;

[0076] Training continues until the validation error converges or the process stops early.

[0077] Evaluate model performance on the test set;

[0078] Ratio mapping is used to achieve joint control of stroke and frequency. In other embodiments, the model is integrated into a control simulation environment to observe the error between the actual actuator response and the desired trajectory.

[0079] Dielectric elastomers are characterized by high strain and rapid response, making them suitable for the contractile function of the cardiac exoskeleton. Polyurethane materials and dielectric elastomers have good biocompatibility, reducing immune responses and inflammation. Wireless charging: Wireless charging systems improve safety and reduce the risk of infection.

[0080] Mechanical stimulation can promote cell growth and function by activating intracellular signaling pathways, such as the YAP / TAZ pathway. YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) are key effector molecules in the Hippo signaling pathway, playing important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue regeneration. The following is a detailed explanation of how mechanical stimulation promotes cardiomyocyte regeneration through the YAP / TAZ pathway:

[0081] The Hippo signaling pathway is a conserved signaling pathway that primarily regulates cell proliferation, organ size, and tissue regeneration. Its core components include MST1 / 2 (mammalian Ste20-like kinase 1 / 2), LATS1 / 2 (large tumor suppressor kinase 1 / 2), and YAP / TAZ.

[0082] YAP / TAZ: YAP and TAZ are downstream effector molecules of the Hippo signaling pathway, which are normally phosphorylated and degraded in the cytoplasm. When the Hippo signaling pathway is inhibited, YAP / TAZ is dephosphorylated and enters the nucleus, where it binds to transcription factors such as TEAD (TEA domain family member), activating the transcription of target genes.

[0083] Mechanoreceptors: Mechanoreceptors on the cell surface, such as integrins, ion channels (e.g., TRP channels), and cytoskeletal proteins (e.g., actin filaments), can sense mechanical stimuli.

[0084] Cytoskeleton remodeling: Mechanical stimulation can induce cytoskeleton remodeling, altering cell morphology and mechanical properties. This remodeling can affect the localization and activity of YAP / TAZ.

[0085] YAP / TAZ dephosphorylation: Mechanical stimulation can inhibit kinase activity in the Hippo signaling pathway, leading to YAP / TAZ dephosphorylation. Dephosphorylated YAP / TAZ is released from the cytoplasm and enters the nucleus.

[0086] Gene transcription: YAP / TAZ, which enters the cell nucleus, binds to transcription factors such as TEAD, activating the transcription of a series of target genes involved in cell proliferation, migration, and survival.

[0087] Promoting Cell Proliferation: Activation of the YAP / TAZ pathway can promote the proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes are usually in a quiescent state after adulthood, but by activating the YAP / TAZ pathway, cardiomyocytes can be induced to re-enter the cell cycle, promoting their proliferation.

[0088] Promoting cell migration: Activation of the YAP / TAZ pathway can also promote the migration of cardiomyocytes, which is crucial for tissue repair and regeneration. Cell migration helps new cells reach the site of injury and participate in tissue reconstruction.

[0089] Promoting cell survival: Activation of the YAP / TAZ pathway can enhance the viability of cardiomyocytes and reduce apoptosis. This helps protect cardiomyocytes from damage and promotes tissue recovery.

[0090] Promoting angiogenesis: Activation of the YAP / TAZ pathway can also promote angiogenesis and improve blood supply to myocardial tissue. Angiogenesis is crucial for cardiomyocyte regeneration and tissue repair.

[0091] Compared to traditional LVADs, the exoskeleton has bioregenerative properties and can partially replace the heart's contractile function.

[0092] Example 2:

[0093] A server includes at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the method as described in Embodiment 1.

[0094] Example 3:

[0095] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in Embodiment 1.

[0096] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

[0097] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cardiac exoskeleton for treating heart failure, characterized in that, include: The outer frame body has a middle layer made of dielectric elastomer material, and conductive layers are provided on both sides of the middle layer. The conductive layers are made of conductive material. A detection component, wherein the component is used to detect electrocardiogram data of the heart; A control component that controls the contraction of the exoskeleton body based on electrocardiogram data.

2. The cardiac exoskeleton for treating heart failure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the main body of the exoskeleton is covered with a protective layer made of polyurethane.

3. The cardiac exoskeleton for treating heart failure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric elastomer is made of polysiloxane or polyacrylate.

4. The cardiac exoskeleton for treating heart failure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive material is carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, or conductive polymers; The conductive layers on both sides of the intermediate layer are electrically connected to the output terminals of the power supply component. The positive and negative terminals of the power supply component are electrically connected to a conductive layer via wires. The control component is used to control the magnitude of the output current and the frequency of current interruption of the power supply component.

5. A cardiac exoskeleton for treating heart failure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the main body of the exoskeleton is provided with a receiving electromagnetic coil, and the two output terminals of the receiving electromagnetic coil are respectively electrically connected to a conductive layer. The power supply component includes a transmitting electromagnetic coil and a power supply module. The control component adjusts the rate of change of magnetic flux of the transmitting electromagnetic coil by adjusting the current output of the power supply module. The receiving electromagnetic coil outputs a corresponding current according to the change of magnetic flux of the transmitting electromagnetic coil.

6. A method for controlling the cardiac exoskeleton for treating heart failure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect cardiac electrocardiogram (ECG) data and obtain the heart rate based on the ECG data; S2. Control the contraction frequency of the exoskeleton body according to the heart rate.

7. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: S1 includes the following steps: S11. Bandpass filtering is performed on cardiac electrocardiogram data to remove power frequency interference and high-frequency noise; S12. Use the Pan-Tompkins algorithm to differentiate and enhance the slope, and use adaptive threshold decision to output the R-peak timestamp. S13. Eliminate instantaneous jitter by moving average or exponential smoothing, wherein the update frequency is 1Hz.

8. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step S2 includes the following steps: S21. Define a function to represent heart rate to systolic frequency, and set safe upper and lower limits for systolic frequency; S22. Collect the latest smoothed heart rate, calculate the target contraction frequency, and generate a driving signal; S23. Real-time monitoring of actual contraction, closed-loop control of contraction frequency and contraction stroke.

9. A server, characterized in that: The method includes at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the method as described in claim 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method of claim 8.

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