Foam dust settling agent as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of dust treatment, and particularly relates to a foam dust settling agent and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the foam dust-reducing agent, which is simple and convenient to operate, is adopted, the surfactant and the auxiliary agent are added into the warm solvent according to the proportion and are stirred, so that the operation process is simplified, the requirements on skill and experience of operators are reduced, and the preparation efficiency is high; according to the invention, a plurality of solvents are selected and comprise tap water, deionized water and under-mine circulating water, and the under-mine circulating water is directly used as the solvent, so that the water quality does not need to be treated, and the production complexity and cost are reduced; meanwhile, the defoaming agent is introduced, so that the problem of excessive foaming possibly occurring in the preparation and use processes of the foam dust-settling agent is solved. The foam dust settling agent prepared by the invention has higher dust settling efficiency on dust, especially small-particle respirable dust, and is simple in preparation process, low in raw material cost, good in biodegradability and suitable for industrial application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of dust control technology, specifically relating to a foam dust suppressant, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Dust pollution is a serious problem in industries such as mining, construction, and chemicals. Dust not only affects the working environment and endangers workers' health, but can also cause safety accidents such as explosions. Common dust suppression technologies mainly include water spraying and dry fogging. In practical applications, to achieve the ideal dust suppression effect, it is often necessary to continuously spray water mist or generate dry fog, which requires a large amount of water resources, leading to significant water consumption. On the other hand, industrial production and construction scenarios generate a large amount of dust with different particle sizes. Among them, small-diameter respirable dust particles are easily suspended in the air and difficult to settle due to their light weight and small size. The probability of collision between water mist or dry fog particles and small-diameter respirable dust particles is low, making it difficult to form effective adsorption and sedimentation, resulting in low dust suppression efficiency and failing to meet dust suppression requirements.

[0003] Foam dust suppressants are formulations that generate high-expansion foam through a foaming device, utilizing the foam to cover, moisten, and adhere dust to achieve efficient dust suppression. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional water spraying and dry fog dust suppression technologies, such as high water consumption and low dust suppression efficiency. Chinese patent CN116731677A discloses a mining foam dust suppressant and its preparation method. This patent application uses sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as main components, improving foaming efficiency through optimized component ratios. However, the production process of the nonionic surfactant contained in this dust suppressant is relatively complex: it involves three steps to produce different products, introducing nitrogen gas to raise the temperature to approximately 200°C, and also requires distillation, recrystallization, and vacuum dehydration. Such a production process not only requires specialized equipment and strict operating conditions, but also involves multiple steps from raw material preparation to final product output, resulting in a long production cycle. Furthermore, this method requires pure water as the solvent, necessitating water pretreatment, which increases the complexity and cost of preparation. Chinese patent CN 116731678 A discloses a method for preparing a foam-type dust collector for coal mines. This patent application prepares a foam-type dust collector suitable for coal mines by compounding foaming agents, foam stabilizers, thickeners, wetting agents, and other components. However, the preparation process requires "mixing various raw materials in proportion, heating, and continuously stirring, with the stirring speed not too fast, until completely dissolved," meaning the operation demands a high level of skill and experience from the operators. Improper operation may affect the quality and performance of the product. Furthermore, this method requires deionized water as the solvent, increasing production complexity and cost. In addition to these shortcomings, the existing technology also overlooks the potential for over-foaming during the preparation and use of foam dust collectors: when the foaming agent is mixed with solvents and other additives in a reaction vessel under certain stirring speed and temperature conditions, air is easily drawn into the liquid, forming foam. If the amount of foaming agent is excessive, the stirring is too vigorous, or the reaction conditions are not properly controlled, a large amount of foam may be generated and rapidly accumulate, resulting in over-foaming. The principle of foam dust suppression is to use foam to encapsulate dust, increasing the weight of dust particles and causing them to settle. However, if there is too much foam, the gaps between the foam particles will become smaller, hindering air circulation and affecting the full contact and encapsulation between the foam and the dust. This will prevent the dust suppressant from effectively combining with the dust particles in the air, thus reducing the dust suppression efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a foam dust suppressant, its preparation method and application, adopting a simple preparation method to reduce the skill and experience requirements of operators, and increasing the selection of solvents to reduce production complexity and cost. At the same time, it solves the problem of over-foaming that may occur during the preparation and use of the foam dust suppressant.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a foam dust suppressant comprising the following components and their weight percentages: 10-30 wt% surfactant, 1-10 wt% additives, and 60-89 wt% solvent.

[0007] Preferably, the surfactant components and their weight percentages are: 62.5-85.7 wt% foaming agent and 14.3-37.5 wt% foam stabilizer, and the auxiliary components and their weight percentages are: 33.3-50 wt% wetting agent and 50-66.7 wt% defoamer.

[0008] During the preparation and use of foam dust suppressants, over-foaming may occur. The addition of defoamer can effectively control the amount of foam and avoid affecting the dust suppression effect and subsequent operations due to excessive foam.

[0009] Preferably, the foaming agent is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, the foam stabilizer is one or more of starch, cellulose, amine oxide, alkylolamide and sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate, the wetting agent is one or more of alkyl glycoside, cocamidopropyl betaine and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the defoamer is one or more of fatty acid glycerides and polydimethylsiloxane.

[0010] Preferably, the solvent is any one of tap water, deionized water, and mine-circulated water.

[0011] This solution offers a variety of solvent options, including tap water, deionized water, and underground circulating water. By directly using underground circulating water as a solvent, there is no need to treat the water, which reduces production complexity and costs. It also reduces reliance on fresh water resources and minimizes water waste.

[0012] Preferably, the foam dust suppressant is stored in an environment with a temperature range of 0 to 50°C, has good temperature resistance, and can be used normally under a wide range of temperature conditions.

[0013] This invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned foam dust suppressant, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1: Add the solvent to the reaction vessel and heat it to 20-60℃;

[0015] S2: Add the surfactant and auxiliaries in the specified proportions to the solvent in any order to obtain a mixed solution;

[0016] S3: Stir the mixed solution obtained in step S2 for 3 to 6 hours to obtain a foam dust suppressant.

[0017] In step S2, the order in which the surfactant and additives are added to the reactor is not important. This flexible order of addition simplifies the operation process, reduces the operational complexity and time cost caused by a strict order of addition, lowers the requirements for the skills and experience of the operators, and improves the preparation efficiency.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the stirring speed of the mixed solution is 60 to 80 rpm.

[0019] This invention provides an application of the above-mentioned foam dust suppressant in dust suppression, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Connect the foam generator to the spraying pipe, water pump, and air compressor, and inject the foam dust suppressant into the foam generator; turn on the water pump and air compressor, and use water pressure to mix the foam dust suppressant with water at a weight ratio of 1:200. The compressed air provided by the air compressor collides at high speed with the mixed solution, generating a large number of tiny bubbles.

[0021] Preferably, the application of the foam dust suppressant in dust suppression includes the following steps: adjusting the pressure of the water pump and the air compressor, maintaining the water pressure at 0.5 to 3 MPa, and maintaining the air pressure at 0.3 to 1 MPa, so as to control the spraying distance, coverage area and density of the foam during the spraying operation.

[0022] The beneficial effects obtained by adopting the above technical solution are as follows:

[0023] (1) The preparation method of the foam dust suppressant of the present invention is simple to operate, avoids the complex production process of existing foam dust suppressants, and does not require multiple steps and strict condition control. In particular, in this preparation method, except that the solvent is added to the reaction vessel first, the order of adding the foaming agent, foam stabilizer, wetting agent and defoamer to the reaction vessel is not important. This flexible feeding sequence simplifies the operation process, reduces the operation complexity and time cost caused by strict feeding sequence, reduces the requirements for the skills and experience of operators, and improves the preparation efficiency.

[0024] (2) In the preparation of the foam dust suppressant of the present invention, there are multiple solvent options, including not only tap water and deionized water, but also mine circulating water. Mine circulating water is wastewater generated during the mine production process. Directly using mine circulating water as a solvent eliminates the need for water treatment, reduces production complexity and cost, reduces dependence on fresh water resources, reduces water waste, and reduces the cost of wastewater treatment, thus avoiding pollution to the environment caused by wastewater discharge. It has significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0025] (3) In the preparation of the foam dust suppressant of the present invention, an antifoaming agent, such as fatty acid glyceride or polydimethylsiloxane, is introduced. The addition of the antifoaming agent can effectively control the amount of foam and avoid the problem of excessive foaming during the preparation and use of the foam dust suppressant, which would affect the dust suppression effect and subsequent operations.

[0026] (4) The various components selected in the present invention, such as starch, cellulose, alkyl glycosides, etc., have good biodegradability. After use, these components can be decomposed by microorganisms in the natural environment, reducing long-term pollution to the environment and meeting environmental protection requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of the foam dust suppressant of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described more clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] The specific implementation of this invention is as follows:

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for preparing foam dust suppressant provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0031] S1: Add the solvent to the reaction vessel and heat it to 20-60℃;

[0032] S2: Add a measured amount of foaming agent, foam stabilizer, wetting agent, and defoamer to the solvent to obtain a mixed solution;

[0033] S3: Stir the mixed solution obtained in step S2 for 3 to 6 hours to obtain a foam dust suppressant;

[0034] In some embodiments, the raw materials consist of 10-30 wt% surfactant, 1-10 wt% additives, and 60-89 wt% solvent.

[0035] In some embodiments, the surfactant components and their weight percentages are: 62.5–85.7 wt% foaming agent and 14.3–37.5 wt% foam stabilizer, and the auxiliary components and their weight percentages are: 33.3–50 wt% wetting agent and 50–66.7 wt% defoamer.

[0036] In some embodiments, the solvent is selected from any one of tap water, deionized water, and underground circulating water;

[0037] The foaming agent is selected from one or more combinations of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate;

[0038] The foam stabilizer is selected from one or more combinations of starch, cellulose, amine oxide, alkylolamide, and sodium α-alkenylsulfonate;

[0039] The wetting agent is selected from one or more combinations of alkyl glycosides, cocamidopropyl betaine, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, etc.

[0040] The defoamer is selected from one or more combinations of fatty acid glycerides, polydimethylsiloxane, etc.

[0041] In some embodiments, the stirring speed of the mixed solution is 60 to 80 rpm;

[0042] In some embodiments, the foam dust suppressant can be stored at 0–50°C;

[0043] In some embodiments, the foam dust suppressant is used in the generating device, maintaining the water pressure at 0.5–3 MPa and the wind pressure at 0.3–1 MPa.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a foam dust suppressant, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows: First, add 25 kg of tap water to the reaction vessel, heat to 25°C, then add 5 kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 3 kg of cellulose, 1 kg of alkyl glycoside, and 1 kg of polydimethylsiloxane (the order of addition is not important), stir the mixed solution at a stirring speed of 60 rpm, and obtain the foam dust suppressant after stirring for 4 hours.

[0046] Dust suppressant application and dust suppression efficiency evaluation: In the application of the mining foam generator, connect the mining foam generator, control the air pressure at 0.5MPa and the water pressure at 2MPa, add 50Kg of foam dust suppressant to the storage tank of the generator, after the equipment is debugged, open the combined valve, mix according to the water-to-material weight ratio of 200:1, and spray to the dust outlet; its dust suppression efficiency is shown in Table 1.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a foam dust suppressant, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows: First, add 25 kg of tap water to the reaction vessel, heat to 25°C, then add 5 kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 3 kg of cellulose, 1 kg of cocamidopropyl betaine, and 1 kg of polydimethylsiloxane (the order of addition is not important). Stir the mixed solution at a stirring speed of 60 rpm for 4 hours to obtain the foam dust suppressant.

[0049] The application of dust suppressant and the evaluation of dust suppression efficiency were the same as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a foam dust suppressant, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows: First, add 25 kg of tap water to the reaction vessel, heat to 25°C, then add 5 kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 3 kg of starch, 1 kg of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and 1 kg of fatty acid glyceride (the order of addition is not important), stir the mixed solution at a stirring speed of 60 rpm, and after stirring for 4 hours, the foam dust suppressant is obtained.

[0052] The application of dust suppressant and the evaluation of dust suppression efficiency were the same as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Example 4

[0054] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a foam dust suppressant, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows: First, add 25 kg of tap water to the reaction vessel, heat to 25°C, then add 5 kg of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 3 kg of cellulose, 1 kg of alkyl glycoside, and 1 kg of polydimethylsiloxane (the order of addition is not important), stir the mixed solution at a stirring speed of 60 rpm, and after stirring for 4 hours, the foam dust suppressant is obtained.

[0055] The application of dust suppressant and the evaluation of dust suppression efficiency were the same as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a foam dust suppressant, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows: First, add 25 kg of tap water to the reaction vessel, heat to 25°C, then add 5 kg of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 3 kg of cellulose, 1 kg of cocamidopropyl betaine, and 1 kg of polydimethylsiloxane (the order of addition is not important). Stir the mixed solution at a stirring speed of 60 rpm for 4 hours to obtain the foam dust suppressant.

[0058] The application of dust suppressant and the evaluation of dust suppression efficiency were the same as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0059] Example 6

[0060] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a foam dust suppressant, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows: First, add 25 kg of tap water to the reaction vessel, heat to 25°C, then add 5 kg of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 3 kg of cellulose, 1 kg of alkyl glycoside, and 1 kg of polydimethylsiloxane (the order of addition is not important), stir the mixed solution at a stirring speed of 60 rpm, and after stirring for 4 hours, the foam dust suppressant is obtained.

[0061] The application of dust suppressant and the evaluation of dust suppression efficiency were the same as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Example 7

[0063] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a foam dust suppressant, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows: First, add 25 kg of tap water to the reaction vessel, heat to 30°C, then add 6 kg of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 1 kg of starch, 1 kg of alkyl glycoside, and 2 kg of polydimethylsiloxane (the order of addition is not important), stir the mixed solution at a stirring speed of 70 rpm, and after stirring for 4 hours, the foam dust suppressant is obtained.

[0064] The application of dust suppressant and the evaluation of dust suppression efficiency were the same as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Example 8

[0066] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a foam dust suppressant, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows: First, add 25 kg of tap water to the reaction vessel, heat to 30°C, then add 6 kg of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 1 kg of sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate, 1 kg of cocamidopropyl betaine, and 2 kg of fatty acid glycerides (the order of addition is not important). Stir the mixed solution at a stirring speed of 70 rpm for 4 hours to obtain the foam dust suppressant.

[0067] The application of dust suppressant and the evaluation of dust suppression efficiency were the same as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0068] Example 9

[0069] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a foam dust suppressant, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows: First, add 25 kg of tap water to the reaction vessel, heat to 30°C, then add 6 kg of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 1 kg of cocamidopropyl betaine, 1 kg of alkyl alcohol amide, and 2 kg of fatty acid glycerides (the order of addition is not important). Stir the mixed solution at a stirring speed of 70 rpm for 4 hours to obtain the foam dust suppressant.

[0070] The application of dust suppressant and the evaluation of dust suppression efficiency were the same as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Example 10

[0072] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a foam dust suppressant, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows: First, add 25 kg of deionized water to the reaction vessel, heat to 30°C, then add 6 kg of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 1 kg of amine oxide, 1 kg of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and 2 kg of polydimethylsiloxane (the order of addition is not important), stir the mixed solution at a stirring speed of 70 rpm, and after stirring for 4 hours, the foam dust suppressant is obtained.

[0073] The application of dust suppressant and the evaluation of dust suppression efficiency were the same as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0074] Table 1 Evaluation results of foam dust suppressants in each embodiment

[0075] Dust suppressant <![CDATA[Total dust concentration before dust fall mg / m 3 > <![CDATA[Total dust concentration after dust fall mg / m 3 > Dust reduction efficiency % <![CDATA[Respirable dust concentration before dust fall mg / m 3 > <![CDATA[Respirable dust concentration after dust fall mg / m 3 > Dust reduction efficiency % Example 1 201.39 26.18 87 107.72 3.23 97 Example 2 171.08 15.40 91 93.72 6.56 93 Example 3 138.55 6.93 95 83.83 5.87 93 Example 4 190.88 7.64 96 79.82 3.19 96 Example 5 215.56 15.09 93 107.71 4.31 96 Example 6 255.72 7.67 97 127.12 13.98 89 Example 7 384.31 46.12 88 154.05 7.70 95 Example 8 251.25 12.56 95 102.31 7.16 93 Example 9 308.58 9.26 97 146.87 8.81 94 Example 10 245.21 19.62 92 126.51 11.39 91

[0076] As shown in Table 1, this dust suppressant has high dust suppression efficiency for both total dust and smaller respirable dust particles, demonstrating good application prospects.

Claims

1. A foam dust suppressant, characterized in that, It includes the following components and their weight percentages: surfactant 10-30 wt%, additives 1-10 wt%, and solvent 60-89 wt%.

2. The dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfactant components and their weight percentages are: 62.5-85.7 wt% foaming agent and 14.3-37.5 wt% foam stabilizer; the auxiliary components and their weight percentages are: 33.3-50 wt% wetting agent and 50-66.7 wt% defoamer.

3. The dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The foaming agent is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate; the foam stabilizer is one or more of starch, cellulose, amine oxide, alkylolamide and sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate; the wetting agent is one or more of alkyl glycoside, cocamidopropyl betaine and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; and the defoamer is one or more of fatty acid glycerides and polydimethylsiloxane.

4. The dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solvent is any one of tap water, deionized water, and mine-circulated water.

5. The dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The foam dust suppressant is stored in an environment with a temperature range of 0–50°C.

6. A method for preparing a dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Add the solvent to the reaction vessel and heat it to 20-60℃; S2: Add the surfactant and auxiliaries in the specified proportions to the solvent in any order to obtain a mixed solution; S3: Stir the mixed solution obtained in step S2 for 3 to 6 hours to obtain a foam dust suppressant.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the stirring speed of the mixed solution is 60-80 rpm.

8. The application of a dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in dust suppression, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Connect the foam generator to the spraying pipe, water pump, and air compressor, and inject the foam dust suppressant into the foam generator; turn on the water pump and air compressor, and use water pressure to mix the foam dust suppressant with water at a weight ratio of 1:

200. The compressed air provided by the air compressor collides at high speed with the mixed solution, generating a large number of tiny bubbles.

9. The application of the foam dust suppressant according to claim 9 in dust suppression, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Adjust the pressure of the water pump and air compressor to maintain the water pressure at 0.5–3 MPa and the air pressure at 0.3–1 MPa, in order to control the spraying distance, coverage area and density of foam during the spraying operation.

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