Nanoscale gap type hydrogen storage alloy as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a nanoscale gap type hydrogen storage alloy and a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: smelting a target gap type hydrogen storage alloy to obtain a cast ingot; performing a hydrogen plasma metal reaction on the cast ingot, specifically, placing the cast ingot in a hydrogen plasma reactor, filling high-purity argon and high-purity hydrogen into the hydrogen plasma reactor, and performing the hydrogen plasma metal reaction on the cast ingot in a physical stripping mode of bombarding the surface of the cast ingot by an ion beam; after the reaction is finished, collecting the generated nano-scale gap type hydrogen storage alloy; the target gap type hydrogen storage alloy comprises at least one of a TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy and a LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy, and when the target gap type hydrogen storage alloy is the TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy, the particle size of the prepared nanoscale gap type hydrogen storage alloy is 5-500 nanometers; when the target gap type hydrogen storage alloy is a LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy, the particle size of the prepared nanoscale gap type hydrogen storage alloy is 5-500 nanometers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen storage materials, specifically relating to a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen storage alloys, as important hydrogen storage materials, have broad application prospects in the field of hydrogen energy storage and conversion. A series of alloys formed by transition metal elements, such as LaNi5, TiFe, TiMn2, and V-Ti-Cr, readily absorb hydrogen to form interstitial metal hydrides: hydrogen forms metallic bonds with metal atoms, exhibiting low hydrogen absorption / desorption temperatures (room temperature), rapid absorption / desorption rates (minutes), and high desorption pressures (typically above 0.2 MPa). Although their mass hydrogen storage density is relatively low (generally <3 wt%), their volumetric hydrogen storage density is high due to their composition primarily of heavier transition metals; for example, TiMn2 alloys can reach 120 kg H2 / m³. 3 This is higher than the volumetric hydrogen storage density of all current hydrogen storage methods, including MgH2 (106 kg H2 / m³). 3 These types of hydrogen storage materials are ideally suited for stationary hydrogen storage: they are insensitive to mass hydrogen storage density, have high volumetric hydrogen storage density, low hydrogen absorption / desorption temperatures, fast hydrogen absorption / desorption rates, high hydrogen release pressure, and good cycle performance. Currently, LaNi5 and TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloys are among the most widely used hydrogen storage alloys in practical applications.

[0003] However, traditional interstitial hydrogen storage alloys are typically micron-sized particles, and their hydrogen storage performance is still limited by particle size. Due to the long hydrogen transport path from the surface to the interior, micron-sized hydrogen storage alloys exhibit poor kinetic performance, and in some applications, internal hydrogen storage alloys may even fail to perform at their intended capacity. Nanoscale hydrogen storage alloys, due to their larger specific surface area and shorter hydrogen diffusion path, can significantly improve hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics and storage capacity. Currently, some research reports have been published on nanoscale hydrogen storage materials, such as nanoscale Mg, which can achieve the theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of Mg and significantly reduce the thermodynamic enthalpy change of Mg for hydrogen absorption and desorption, thus lowering its absorption and desorption temperature. However, for multi-component interstitial hydrogen storage alloys, there are currently very few reports on nanoscale materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problem of the lack of nanoscale multi-component interstitial hydrogen storage alloy materials, and to propose a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy, its preparation method and application.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy, comprising the following steps: The target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy was melted to obtain an ingot; The hydrogen plasma metal reaction of the ingot is carried out by placing the ingot in a hydrogen plasma reactor, filling the hydrogen plasma reactor with high-purity argon and high-purity hydrogen, and physically peeling off the surface of the ingot by bombarding it with an ion beam. After the reaction is complete, collect the resulting nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy.

[0006] Furthermore, the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy includes at least one of TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy and LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy.

[0007] Furthermore, the pressure inside the reaction chamber of the hydrogen plasma reactor is 0.76-0.8 bar, the current is set to 50-100 A, and the reaction time is 0.5-1 hour.

[0008] Furthermore, when the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is a TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy, an additional 10 wt.% of Mn is added, and the filling ratio of high-purity argon and high-purity hydrogen is 1:1.

[0009] Furthermore, when the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is a LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy, the filling ratio of high-purity argon and high-purity hydrogen is 1:1 or 1:2.

[0010] Furthermore, the generated nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is collected after the reaction is completed. Specifically, after the reaction is completed, the generated nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is collected in a glove box under an argon atmosphere using a cyclic method.

[0011] Furthermore, a vacuum electric arc melting furnace is used for smelting.

[0012] Furthermore, the smelting process is repeated at least three times.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention provides a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy, which is prepared using a method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy; The target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy includes at least one of TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy and LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy; When the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is a TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy, the particle size of the obtained nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is 5-500 nanometers. When the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is a LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy, the particle size of the obtained nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is 5-500 nanometers.

[0014] Thirdly, this invention provides an application of a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy in the field of hydrogen energy storage and conversion, including stationary hydrogen storage scenarios in fuel cells and hydrogen-powered vehicles.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: This invention proposes a method for preparing nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys. The method utilizes a hydrogen plasma-metal reaction (TPM) approach to prepare nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys, marking the first application of the TPM method to the nanoscale preparation of such alloys and resulting in the successful fabrication of nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys. These nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys exhibit higher hydrogen storage capacity and faster hydrogen adsorption / desorption kinetics, demonstrating broad application potential in hydrogen energy storage and conversion fields (such as fuel cells and hydrogen-powered vehicles). Their preparation and research hold significant scientific and practical value. The TPM method proposed in this invention provides a novel technical route for the preparation of nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys, filling a research gap in this field. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, the shapes and proportions of the components in the drawings are merely schematic to aid in understanding the invention and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportions of the components. In the drawings: Figure 1 For nanoscale Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 Mn 1.3 Cr 0.5 V 0.2 Fe 0.1 TEM image of the alloy.

[0017] Figure 2 For nanoscale Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 Mn 1.3 Cr 0.5 V 0.2 Fe 0.1 XRD pattern of the alloy.

[0018] Figure 3 For nanoscale Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 Mn 1.3 Cr 0.5 V 0.2 Fe 0.1 PCT curves of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the alloy at room temperature (25℃).

[0019] Figure 4 For nanoscale and microscale Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 Mn 1.3 Cr 0.5 V 0.2 Fe 0.1 Hydrogen absorption kinetics curve of the alloy at room temperature (25℃). Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The present invention will now be described in further detail: A method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy includes the following steps: The target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is smelted to obtain an ingot. The smelting process ensures thorough mixing of various raw materials and achieves atomic-level uniform distribution at high temperatures, thus guaranteeing a high degree of uniformity in the content and distribution of each element in the ingot. This lays the foundation for the subsequent preparation of stable and consistent nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys, avoiding differences in hydrogen storage performance caused by compositional inhomogeneity. Smelting is a relatively mature and easily scalable process, capable of rapidly producing large-sized ingots. This makes large-scale hydrogen plasma metal reaction and the mass production of nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys possible, which is beneficial for meeting the large demand for hydrogen storage materials in practical applications.

[0022] The hydrogen plasma metal reaction of the ingot is carried out by placing the ingot in a hydrogen plasma reactor, filling the hydrogen plasma reactor with high-purity argon and high-purity hydrogen, and physically peeling off the surface of the ingot by bombarding it with an ion beam. A hydrogen plasma reactor is a device used to generate and process hydrogen plasma. Plasma, a fourth state of matter, is composed of ionized gas molecules, ions, and free electrons, characterized by high temperature, high energy, and high reactivity. Ion beam bombardment of the ingot surface physically removes oxide layers, impurities, and other contaminants, exposing the fresh metal surface. This increases the active sites on the metal surface, enhancing the reactivity of the metal with hydrogen and facilitating hydrogen atom adsorption and penetration, thereby improving the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage alloy. The physical stripping process can form nanoscale rough structures and defects on the ingot surface. These nanostructures have a larger specific surface area and more active centers, further improving hydrogen adsorption and storage capacity. Simultaneously, the presence of nanostructures can shorten the diffusion path of hydrogen atoms, accelerating the kinetics of hydrogen storage and desorption. Hydrogen plasma contains a large number of high-energy hydrogen atoms, ions, and free radicals, which possess high energy and reactivity. These high-energy particles can collide with the ingot surface, promoting the dissociation of hydrogen molecules and making it easier for hydrogen atoms to penetrate into the metal interior, forming interstitial hydrides. The interaction between hydrogen plasma and the ingot can also induce phase transformation and structural rearrangement in the alloy, forming an interstitial structure that is more conducive to hydrogen storage.

[0023] Introducing high-purity argon and hydrogen creates a high-purity reaction environment, preventing interference from impurity gases. The presence of impurity gases can react with the metal surface, forming compounds detrimental to hydrogen storage and reducing the performance of the hydrogen storage alloy. A high-purity gas environment ensures the purity of the reaction and improves the quality of the hydrogen storage alloy. Argon, as an inert gas, stabilizes the hydrogen plasma. It dilutes the hydrogen concentration, preventing the plasma from becoming too violent and runaway, and also provides a buffering effect, ensuring the plasma remains more stable in the reactor, which is beneficial for the continuous progress of the reaction.

[0024] After the reaction is complete, collect the resulting nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy.

[0025] The nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy obtained through the above preparation process typically exhibits higher hydrogen storage capacity, faster hydrogen storage and desorption rates, and better cycle stability due to its uniform composition, optimized nanostructure, and unique interstitial hydrogen storage mechanism. These performance enhancements make this hydrogen storage alloy a promising candidate for applications in hydrogen energy storage, fuel cells, and other fields.

[0026] The target interstitial hydrogen storage alloys include at least one of TiMn2-type and LaNi5-type hydrogen storage alloys. TiMn2-type alloys possess a unique crystal structure that provides numerous interstitial sites for hydrogen atoms, resulting in high hydrogen storage capacity. They also exhibit a fast hydrogen diffusion rate, allowing for relatively short-term completion of hydrogen storage and release processes. TiMn2-type alloys have relatively low requirements for hydrogen purity and can adapt to hydrogen from various sources. LaNi5-type alloys possess moderate hydrogen storage capacity and good hydrogen absorption / desorption plateau characteristics, enabling relatively stable hydrogen storage and release near room temperature.

[0027] The pressure within the reaction chamber can be controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the incoming gas and the exhaust rate of the reaction chamber. Pressure is one of the important factors affecting plasma properties and chemical reaction rates. The pressure inside the reaction chamber of the hydrogen plasma reactor is 0.76-0.8 bar, which helps to form a stable plasma discharge within the reaction chamber. If the pressure is too low, the gas molecule density is too small to maintain sufficient ionization collisions, and the plasma is prone to extinction; if the pressure is too high, the collisions between gas molecules are too frequent, leading to excessively rapid loss of electron energy in the plasma, which is not conducive to the stable existence of the plasma. A pressure of 0.76-0.8 bar can balance these two aspects, allowing the plasma to be generated continuously and stably, providing favorable conditions for subsequent chemical reactions. Within this pressure range, the plasma has an appropriate density, ensuring that a sufficient number of active particles participate in the reaction on the ingot surface. At the same time, it can also control the plasma temperature within a reasonable range, avoiding damage to the reaction chamber and ingot due to excessively high temperatures, or insufficient reaction activity due to excessively low temperatures. At a pressure of 0.76-0.8 bar, the collision frequency between hydrogen plasma and the ingot surface increases, thereby enhancing the adsorption, diffusion, and permeation rates of hydrogen atoms on the ingot surface and accelerating the formation reaction of the hydrogen storage alloy. This pressure range of 0.76-0.8 bar is within the tolerance range of common hydrogen plasma reactors, ensuring the structural integrity and sealing of the reaction chamber and preventing safety accidents such as chamber rupture or leakage due to excessive pressure, thus ensuring the safety and reliability of the entire preparation process. A current setting of 50-100A allows for precise adjustment of the electron energy level within this range. Higher currents result in higher electron energy, enhancing their collision ability with gas molecules (such as hydrogen molecules), ionizing more hydrogen molecules, generating more hydrogen atoms and ions, and increasing plasma activity. Increased current also increases the intensity of the ion beam. Ion beam bombardment of the ingot surface is one of the key factors in achieving physical stripping and promoting hydrogen atom permeation. A suitable ion beam intensity can effectively remove the oxide layer and impurities on the ingot surface, while providing sufficient energy for hydrogen atoms to more easily enter the interstitial sites of the metal lattice, forming a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy. A current of 50-100A provides sufficient energy to drive the chemical reaction, allowing the hydrogen plasma to fully react with the ingot and form an alloy structure with certain hydrogen storage properties in a short time. If the current is too low, the reaction activity will be insufficient, which may lead to incomplete reaction and failure to form the ideal nanoscale interstitial structure; while if the current is too high, it may cause over-reaction, damaging the alloy's structure and properties. The reaction time is 0.5-1 hour. Providing a reaction time of 0.5-1 hour allows sufficient time for the hydrogen plasma and the ingot to interact fully. During this process, hydrogen atoms can gradually penetrate into the interior of the metal lattice, forming a stable interstitial hydride structure.If the reaction time is too short, hydrogen atoms may not be able to diffuse and combine sufficiently, resulting in an incomplete alloy structure and poor hydrogen storage performance; while if the reaction time is too long, it may cause excessive hydrogenation of the alloy or other adverse reactions, affecting the alloy's performance.

[0028] When the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is a TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy, an additional 10 wt.% of Mn is added, where wt.% is the weight percentage concentration, and the filling ratio of high-purity argon to high-purity hydrogen is 1:1. When the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is a LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy, the filling ratio of high-purity argon to high-purity hydrogen is 1:1 or 1:2.

[0029] After the reaction is complete, the generated nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is collected. Specifically, after the reaction is complete, the generated nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is collected in a glove box under an argon atmosphere using a cyclic method.

[0030] Nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys typically possess a high specific surface area, increasing their contact area with oxygen and making them more susceptible to oxidation. Argon, an inert gas with highly stable chemical properties, effectively isolates the alloy within the glove box, preventing oxidation during collection and maintaining its chemical stability and hydrogen storage performance. Argon-atmosphere glove boxes undergo rigorous drying processes to remove moisture, providing a dry environment for alloy collection and further protecting the alloy from moisture corrosion. In conventional air environments, dust, particulate matter, and other impurities can contaminate the alloy, reducing its purity. However, the relatively enclosed and purified environment of an argon-atmosphere glove box effectively minimizes the ingress of external impurities, ensuring high purity of the collected nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys. Furthermore, the glove box allows for optimized zoning and operational procedures to prevent contact between different alloys, thus preventing cross-contamination and ensuring the purity and quality of each alloy. Some nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys may leave behind harmful gases or volatile substances during preparation, or react with components in the air during collection to generate harmful gases. Collecting the alloy in an argon-atmospheric glove box confines these harmful gases within the glove box and allows for safe handling via a ventilation system, preventing direct contact with personnel and ensuring their health and safety. Nanoscale alloy powder easily generates dust during collection; if inhaled, this dust may damage the respiratory system. The sealed structure of the glove box effectively prevents the diffusion of alloy dust, reducing personnel exposure to dust and mitigating dust hazards. The collected nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy can be directly encapsulated and stored in the glove box, avoiding contact with air during transfer. Furthermore, glove boxes are typically equipped with transition chambers to facilitate safe transfer of samples between the glove box and the external environment, meeting the needs of various experiments and applications. Using a cyclic collection method can fully utilize the resources in the reaction system and improve the alloy collection rate. During the circulation process, parameters such as the flow rate and pressure of the circulating fluid can be adjusted to more effectively separate and collect alloy particles, reducing alloy residue in the reaction system and thus improving collection efficiency. The glove box provides excellent visibility and flexible operating space, allowing operators to perform various delicate operations inside the box, such as scraping and sifting alloy powder with tools. Compared to collecting alloys in an open environment, operations within the glove box are more convenient and efficient, shortening collection time and improving work efficiency.

[0031] The smelting process uses a vacuum electric arc melting furnace. The smelting process is repeated at least three times.

[0032] Vacuum arc melting furnaces utilize the high temperatures (up to several thousand degrees Celsius) generated by an electric arc to rapidly melt alloy raw materials. During the first melting, atoms of different elements begin to diffuse into each other, but due to differences in the physical properties of each element (such as melting point and density), the diffusion may not be sufficient. After at least three repeated meltings, each melting provides additional time and energy for element diffusion, allowing the various elements to mix more thoroughly in the liquid alloy, thus achieving a more uniform composition distribution. Even if the alloy composition largely meets the design requirements, compositional fluctuations may still exist at the microscale. Repeated melting can further reduce these micro-compositional fluctuations, making the alloy composition more uniform at the atomic scale. This is particularly important for nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys, as the performance of nanomaterials is highly sensitive to compositional uniformity; uniform composition helps improve the alloy's hydrogen storage performance and cycle stability. Arc melting in a vacuum environment can effectively reduce the content of gaseous impurities in the alloy. During the first melting, gases (such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen) in the alloy escape in the form of bubbles, but due to the limited melting time, they may not be completely removed. Repeated melting allows gaseous impurities more opportunities to escape from the alloy, significantly reducing its content. The alloy raw materials may contain non-metallic inclusions such as oxides and sulfides. During melting, these inclusions may float or sink, but a single melting process is often insufficient to completely remove them. Repeated melting allows these inclusions more opportunities to move and accumulate in the liquid alloy, and they can be removed through adsorption with the furnace lining or by floating to the surface, thus reducing the non-metallic inclusion content and improving the alloy's purity and quality.

[0033] A nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is prepared using a method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy. The target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy includes at least one of TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy and LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy. When the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy, the particle size of the prepared nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is 5-500 nanometers. When the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy, the particle size of the prepared nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is 5-500 nanometers.

[0034] Application of a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy in the field of hydrogen energy storage and conversion, including stationary hydrogen storage scenarios in fuel cells and hydrogen-powered vehicles.

[0035] Nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys possess a unique crystal structure with numerous interstitial sites within their lattice for hydrogen atoms to occupy. Compared to traditional hydrogen storage materials, the nanostructure increases the alloy's specific surface area, allowing more hydrogen atoms to interact with the alloy's surface and interior, thus significantly improving hydrogen storage capacity. The nanoscale size effect shortens the diffusion path of hydrogen atoms within the alloy and accelerates the diffusion rate. Simultaneously, the numerous defects and active sites on the nanoscale alloy surface provide more channels and reaction sites for hydrogen atom adsorption and desorption, greatly enhancing the rate of hydrogen absorption and desorption. In practical applications of fuel cells and hydrogen-powered vehicles, rapid hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics can shorten refueling and degassing times, improving equipment efficiency. Nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys can achieve efficient hydrogen storage under relatively mild temperature and pressure conditions. The alloy stores hydrogen in a solid state, with hydrogen atoms confined within the alloy's lattice, unlike gaseous hydrogen which is prone to leakage. Even with tiny cracks or defects on the alloy surface, hydrogen will not leak rapidly in large quantities, thus improving the safety of hydrogen storage. Nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys possess good mechanical properties, enabling them to withstand a certain degree of impact and vibration. During the operation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the vehicles are subjected to vibrations and impacts caused by various road conditions. Solid-state alloy hydrogen storage can prevent hydrogen leakage and container damage caused by vibration and impact, improving the stability and safety of hydrogen storage. Using nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloys for hydrogen storage eliminates the need for complex high-pressure containers or cryogenic refrigeration equipment, simplifying the structure and design of storage devices and reducing manufacturing and maintenance costs. In stationary hydrogen storage scenarios for fuel cells and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the simpler storage devices save space and increase equipment integration.

[0036] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments: Example 1 Raw material preparation: TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy Ti was smelted using a vacuum arc melting furnace. 0.9 Zr 0.1 Mn 1.3 Cr 0.5 V 0.2 Fe 0.1 The mixture was repeatedly smelted three times to obtain a homogeneous ingot. Due to the relatively low melting point of Mn and its rapid evaporation rate at the extremely high reaction temperature of the electric arc, an additional 10 wt.% of Mn was added. The ingot was placed in a hydrogen plasma reactor, and high-purity argon and high-purity hydrogen were introduced in a 1:1 ratio until the internal pressure reached 0.76 bar. The current was maintained at 50 A, and the reaction time was 1 hour. The sample was collected using a circulating method in an argon-atmosphere glove box. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the resulting nanoscale TiMn2-type hydrogen storage alloy was collected.

[0037] Note that nano-scale TiMn2 hydrogen storage alloys are extremely flammable and must be strictly isolated from air.

[0038] result: The nanoscale TiMn2 hydrogen storage alloy obtained by using the hydrogen plasma metal reaction method, through physical peeling of the ingot surface by ion beam bombardment, can maintain the original composition of the ingot.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation reveals that the nanoscale hydrogen storage alloy particles are relatively standard spherical, which is a product prepared by a typical hydrogen plasma metal reaction method. The size distribution is relatively uniform, concentrated between 10-20 nm, with good dispersibility and no agglomeration.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the phase composition of the sample. The main phase of the sample was TiMn2-type hydrogen storage alloy C14 Laves, which proved that the hydrogen plasma metal reaction method did not change the crystal phase structure of the TiMn2-type alloy, thus laying the foundation for its good hydrogen storage performance.

[0041] Particle size is 10-20 nanometers ( Figure 1 ), still retaining the C14 Laves phase ( Figure 2 The hydrogen storage capacity at room temperature is 2 wt% ( Figure 3 The absorbed hydrogen energy is completely released, with 90% of the hydrogen absorption completed within 60 seconds and 98% within 120 seconds. Figure 4 ).

[0042] Using TiMn2 hydrogen storage alloys with the same composition and a mechanically crushed and sieved particle size of 100-200 micrometers, the hydrogen storage capacity at room temperature is 1.8 wt%, 90% hydrogen absorption is completed within 225 seconds, and 98% hydrogen absorption is completed within 366 seconds. Figure 4 ).

[0043] The nanoscale TiMn2 hydrogen storage alloy prepared in this embodiment has a hydrogen absorption rate more than 3 times that of conventional samples and a hydrogen storage capacity 10% higher, effectively improving the hydrogen storage capacity and hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics.

[0044] Example 2 The same melting process as in Example 1 was applied, but the alloy composition was changed to LaNi5 hydrogen storage alloy. High-purity argon and high-purity hydrogen were introduced in a 1:2 ratio until the pressure inside the cavity was 0.8 bar, the current was maintained at 100A, and the reaction time was 0.5 hours.

[0045] With a particle size of 5-15 nanometers, it has a hydrogen storage capacity of 1.55 wt% at room temperature and completes 95% hydrogen absorption within 30 seconds.

[0046] Using mechanically crushed and sieved LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy of the same composition with a particle size of 10-20 micrometers, the hydrogen storage capacity at room temperature is 1.41 wt%, and 95% hydrogen absorption is completed within 300 seconds.

[0047] The nanoscale LaNi5 hydrogen storage alloy prepared in this embodiment effectively improves the hydrogen storage capacity and hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics.

[0048] Example 3 The same smelting process as in Example 1 was applied, but the alloy composition was changed to LaNi5 hydrogen storage alloy. High-purity argon and high-purity hydrogen were introduced in a 1:1 ratio until the internal pressure reached 0.78 bar, the current was maintained at 60 A, and the reaction time was 0.5 hours. The particle size was 430-500 nm, the hydrogen storage capacity at room temperature was 1.54 wt%, and 95% hydrogen absorption was completed within 60 seconds.

[0049] Many embodiments and applications beyond the examples provided will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Therefore, the scope of this teaching should not be determined by reference to the foregoing description, but rather by reference to the foregoing claims and the full scope of their equivalents. For purposes of completeness, all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein in the foregoing claims is not intended as a waiver of that subject matter, nor should it be construed as an indication that the applicant has not considered that subject matter as part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.

[0050] The above content provides a further detailed description of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to this. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such deductions or substitutions should be considered to fall within the defined protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy was melted to obtain an ingot; The hydrogen plasma metal reaction of the ingot is carried out by placing the ingot in a hydrogen plasma reactor, filling the hydrogen plasma reactor with high-purity argon and high-purity hydrogen, and physically peeling off the surface of the ingot by bombarding it with an ion beam. After the reaction is complete, collect the resulting nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy.

2. The method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy includes at least one of TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy and LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy.

3. The method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure inside the reaction chamber of the hydrogen plasma reactor is 0.76-0.8 bar, the current is set to 50-100 A, and the reaction time is 0.5-1 hour.

4. The method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is a TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy, an additional 10wt.% of Mn is added, and the filling ratio of high-purity argon and high-purity hydrogen is 1:

1.

5. The method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is a LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy, the filling ratio of high-purity argon and high-purity hydrogen is 1:1 or 1:

2.

6. The method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of collecting the generated nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy after the reaction is completed is as follows: after the reaction is completed, the generated nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is collected in a glove box under an argon atmosphere using a cyclic method.

7. The method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smelting process is carried out in a vacuum electric arc melting furnace.

8. The method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smelting process is repeated at least three times.

9. A nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy, characterized in that, It is prepared using the method for preparing a nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy as described in any one of claims 1-8; The target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy includes at least one of TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy and LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy; When the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is a TiMn2 type hydrogen storage alloy, the particle size of the obtained nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is 5-500 nanometers. When the target interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is a LaNi5 type hydrogen storage alloy, the particle size of the obtained nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy is 5-500 nanometers.

10. The application of the nanoscale interstitial hydrogen storage alloy as described in claim 9 in the field of hydrogen energy storage and conversion, characterized in that, The field of hydrogen energy storage and conversion includes fuel cells and stationary hydrogen storage scenarios in hydrogen-powered vehicles.

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