Surface modified indium oxide as well as preparation method and application thereof
By modifying the surface of indium oxide, the problem of poor catalytic selectivity of materials in extraterrestrial environments was solved, enabling the effective utilization of solar energy resources and improving the efficiency of photothermal catalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511301693.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-16
AI Technical Summary
In extraterrestrial environments, existing materials exhibit poor catalytic selectivity under solar wind irradiation, making it difficult to effectively utilize solar energy resources for in-situ resource utilization.
Indium oxide is treated in a mixed solution of ammonium hydroxide and ethanol, centrifuged, dried, and calcined, and then surface modified in a PECVD device. The surface modification is carried out using the radio frequency circuit and gas environment of the PECVD device to form surface-modified indium oxide.
The reduction of indium oxide material surface was achieved, which can effectively utilize solar energy resources for photothermal catalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction, improve the material's ability to form photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and promote resource utilization in extraterrestrial environments.
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Figure CN121338849A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar energy resource utilization technology, and in particular to a surface-modified indium oxide, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology
[0002] The extraterrestrial environment is an extremely complex and challenging one, filled with various forms of high-energy radiation and particles. These radiation sources are diverse, including the solar wind, cosmic rays, and high-energy events from distant stars or the center of the Milky Way. Among these, the solar wind has received widespread attention. The solar wind is a continuous stream of high-speed charged particles released into space by the Sun; it is essentially a plasma state of matter. This plasma is primarily composed of protons (hydrogen nuclei), electrons, and a small number of alpha particles (helium nuclei) and other heavier ions, maintaining overall electrical neutrality.
[0003] Research on solar wind irradiation has expanded beyond changes in lunar regolith structure to include the effects on catalytic materials. In this process, researchers have discovered that while the composition of lunar regolith is not significantly different from that of terrestrial materials, it exhibits drastically different catalytic selectivity under the same photothermal catalytic conditions compared to simulated lunar regolith.
[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to modify materials based on the inspiration of solar wind and simulate the composition of low-frequency solar wind, so as to make full use of solar energy resources and realize in-situ extraterrestrial resource utilization. Summary of the Invention
[0005] Objective: To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a surface-modified indium oxide, its preparation method, and its application. The invention utilizes plasma to modify the surface of indium oxide, providing a feasible solution for in-situ resource utilization outside the Earth.
[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for surface modification of indium oxide, the method comprising: Indium chloride was placed in a mixture of ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution and ethanol to obtain a suspension; Centrifuge the suspension, collect the precipitate after centrifugation, and dry it. The dried solid was ground and calcined to obtain powder; The powder is placed in a PECVD device, gas is introduced, a low-pressure atmosphere is maintained inside the tube furnace of the PECVD device, the power of the RF circuit of the PECVD device is set, and the temperature is maintained to obtain surface-modified indium oxide.
[0008] In some embodiments, the ratio of the mixed solution of indium chloride, ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution, and ethanol is (0.5-2) g: 20 mL In some embodiments, the volume ratio of ammonium hydroxide to ethanol is 3:1 to 4:1.
[0009] In some embodiments, the indium chloride and sodium hydroxide ethanol solution are mixed and then placed in an oil bath for stirring; the oil bath temperature is 75-85℃ and the stirring time is 10-15 min.
[0010] In some embodiments, the drying conditions for the centrifuged solid are: constant temperature drying at 95-105°C overnight.
[0011] In some embodiments, the calcination conditions are as follows: the dried solid is placed in a muffle furnace, heated to 700-750°C at a rate of 10-15°C / min, held at the temperature for 4-5 hours, and then allowed to cool naturally.
[0012] In some embodiments, the gas introduced into the PECVD equipment is H2 and / or He.
[0013] In some embodiments, the gas pressure inside the tubular furnace of the PECVD equipment is set to 12-18 Pa, and the temperature is set to 95-105°C.
[0014] In some embodiments, the power of the PECVD equipment radio frequency circuit is set to 100W, 200W, or 300W, and the irradiation time is 1.5-2.5 h.
[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a surface-modified indium oxide, which is prepared by the method described in the first aspect.
[0016] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of surface-modified indium oxide as described in the second aspect in the photothermal catalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction.
[0017] Beneficial Effects: The indium oxide surface modification method provided by this invention, based on plasma treatment, utilizes PECVD equipment to treat the surface of indium oxide, achieving multiple and effective utilizations of solar energy resources. This modification method can reduce the surface of indium oxide materials without affecting the interior of the material, effectively utilizing the external environment and realizing in-situ resource utilization. The prepared surface-modified indium oxide can be applied to the photothermal catalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction, effectively absorbing light to form photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and utilizing the solar photothermal effect to promote the photothermal catalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of surface-modified indium oxide in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 2 These are X-ray diffraction patterns of indium oxide surface before and after modification in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 3 These are X-ray photoelectron spectra of indium oxide before and after surface modification in this embodiment of the invention.
[0021] Figure 4 This is a comparison of the photothermal catalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction performance before and after indium oxide surface modification in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use.
[0023] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may include different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.
[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.
[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, anhydrous ethanol was purchased from Sinopharm-Shanghai Testing; ammonium hydroxide solution was purchased from Aladdin; and indium chloride was purchased from Macklin.
[0026] Example 1:
[0027] This embodiment provides a surface modification method for indium oxide, including: S1. Add 18 mL of ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (28-30 wt%) and 54 mL of anhydrous ethanol to a beaker, mix well, and then add 3.6 g of indium chloride; place the beaker in an 80℃ oil bath and stir magnetically for 10 minutes to obtain a suspension; S2. Centrifuge the suspension, take the precipitate and dry it at 100°C overnight; grind it to obtain white indium hydroxide; S3. Indium hydroxide is placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 700°C for 4 hours to obtain a light yellow solid powder, namely In2O3 powder. S4. Place In2O3 powder in a PECVD tube furnace and maintain the temperature at 100℃ using a temperature control device. Use a vacuum pump to maintain negative pressure inside the tube furnace. After evacuating for 10 minutes, introduce 10 sccm H2 to maintain the gas pressure inside the tube furnace at 15 Pa. Adjust the radio frequency plasma power and set the power of the radio frequency circuit to 100W, 200W, or 300W to obtain surface-modified indium oxide.
[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the bulk structure of indium oxide remains unchanged before and after surface modification, and it exists in the form of cubic indium oxide overall.
[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, with the increase of power in the radio frequency circuit, the reduction degree of indium oxide increases, and the characteristic peak of metallic indium appears, indicating that the surface modification method provided by the present invention has reducing properties.
[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, under a processing condition of 200W, indium oxide exhibited characteristic peaks of metallic indium, and the oxygen vacancy concentration increased.
[0031] Example 2:
[0032] This embodiment provides a surface-modified indium oxide, which is prepared using the method described in Example 1.
[0033] Example 3:
[0034] This embodiment, based on Embodiments 1 and 2, provides the application of the surface-modified indium oxide prepared in Embodiment 1 in the photothermal catalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Specifically, the reaction is carried out in a tubular flow reactor composed of quartz glass and a heated reactor, using surface-modified indium oxide as a catalyst, at atmospheric pressure, in a photothermal catalytic reaction of CO2 and H2, including the following steps: 30 mg of catalyst powder and 150 mg of quartz sand were mixed and placed in a quartz glass tube; the quartz glass tube was fixed in the center of the isothermal zone of the tube furnace; the light source was a 300 W total internal reflection xenon lamp, and the total flow rate of CO2 and H2 was 4 ml / min. -1 The volume ratio of CO2 to H2 is 1:1.
[0035] like Figure 4As shown, the catalytic performance of surface-treated indium oxide is improved compared to that of indium oxide, but the catalytic performance of surface-modified indium oxide decreases as the power of the radio frequency circuit increases.
[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for surface modification of indium oxide, characterized by, The method comprises: Placing indium chloride in a mixed solution of aqueous ammonium hydroxide and ethanol to obtain a suspension; Centrifuging the suspension, taking the precipitate after centrifugation, and drying; Grinding the dried solid, calcining, to obtain a powder; Placing the powder in a PECVD device, introducing gas, maintaining a low-pressure atmosphere in a tubular furnace in the PECVD device, setting the power of the radio frequency circuit of the PECVD device, and keeping warm to obtain surface-modified indium oxide.
2. The method for surface modification of indium oxide according to claim 1, characterized by, The ratio of the indium chloride to the mixed solution of aqueous ammonium hydroxide and ethanol is (0.5-2) g:20 mL; the volume ratio of the aqueous ammonium hydroxide to ethanol is 3:1-4:
1.
3. The method for surface modification of indium oxide according to claim 1, characterized by, The indium chloride and the ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide are mixed and then placed in an oil bath for stirring; the oil bath temperature is 75-85℃, and the stirring time is 10-15 min.
4. The method of surface modification of indium oxide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying conditions of the solid after centrifugation are constant temperature drying at 95-105℃ overnight.
5. The method of surface modification of indium oxide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calcination conditions are as follows: placing the dried solid in a muffle furnace, heating at 10-15℃ / min to 700-750℃, keeping warm for 4-5 h, and then naturally cooling.
6. The method of surface modification of indium oxide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas introduced into the PECVD device is H2 and / or He.
7. The method of surface modification of indium oxide according to claim 6, characterized in that, The gas pressure in the tubular furnace in the PECVD device is set to 12-18 Pa, and the keeping warm temperature is set to 95-105℃.
8. The method of surface modification of indium oxide according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power of the radio frequency circuit of the PECVD device is set to 100W or 200W or 300W, and the keeping warm time is 1.5-2.5 h.
9. A surface-modified indium oxide, characterized by The surface-modified indium oxide is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-8.
10. The application of the surface-modified indium oxide in the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide according to claim 9.