A dynamic demonstration device for thoracic ligamentum flavum

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of teaching apparatus, and provides a dynamic dissection demonstration device for thoracic vertebral yellow ligament, which solves the problem that students are difficult to realize the conversion of surgical skills due to the fact that the existing spine surgery teaching tool cannot simultaneously realize the three-dimensional shape real restoration and dynamic reversible operation of surgery. The present application comprises: simulated vertebrae arranged at intervals; simulated intervertebral discs arranged between adjacent simulated vertebrae; simulated vertebral plates arranged on one side of each simulated vertebra; simulated yellow ligaments arranged on one side of each simulated vertebral plate close to each simulated vertebra; each simulated vertebra and / or each simulated vertebral plate and / or each simulated yellow ligament is configured with a standard model and a pathological model, and the pathological model has morphological characteristics different from the standard model; the simulated vertebrae, simulated intervertebral discs and simulated vertebral plates are converted into independent and quickly detachable modules through magnetic blocks and adsorption blocks, and after the dynamic dissection demonstration of the yellow ligament is performed, repeated teaching demonstration and surgical practice can be performed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of teaching equipment technology, and in particular to a dynamic anatomy demonstration device for the ligamentum flavum of the thoracic vertebrae. Background Technology

[0002] Spinal surgery is a highly technical and risky branch of orthopedics. Its core foundation lies in a deep understanding of the complex three-dimensional anatomy of the spine, especially the spatial relationship between posterior ligamentous structures (such as the ligamentum flavum) and bony structures (lamina and facet processes). Posterior thoracic decompression surgery is a common procedure for treating conditions such as thoracic spinal stenosis and herniated discs, and the identification and safe removal of the ligamentum flavum is one of the key steps to the success of the surgery.

[0003] Currently, spinal surgery teaching and training mainly rely on the following methods, but all of them have obvious limitations:

[0004] 1. Teaching with two-dimensional images and atlases: This method mainly relies on textbook illustrations and CT / MRI image slices for explanation. Although it can show the static anatomical outline, it seriously lacks a sense of three-dimensionality and layering. Students find it difficult to understand how the ligamentum flavum crosses and attaches to the ventral side of the upper and lower vertebral laminae in three dimensions, and cannot intuitively feel its spatial positional relationship between the posterior wall of the spinal canal and the dural sac. This is a gap in understanding from two-dimensional to three-dimensional.

[0005] 2. Observation of physical skeletal specimens: Although using dried human spinal skeletal specimens provides a realistic bony structure, soft tissues such as the ligamentum flavum are completely missing during the fabrication process. Trainees can only see the gaps between the vertebral laminae and cannot observe how the ligamentum flavum fills and connects these gaps. They also cannot understand that the essence of ligamentum flavum resection surgery is to deal with the soft tissues below the bony structure (vertebral laminae). This is an anatomical incompleteness problem due to the lack of key soft tissue structures.

[0006] 3. Integral solidified simulation model: Some spinal resin models exist on the market, some of which use different colors to mark ligaments. However, these models are usually fixed and cannot be disassembled. Their ligamentum flavum structure is mostly a planar representation, which cannot show its real three-dimensional attachment form. More importantly, the model cannot be disassembled, so trainees cannot perform continuous and dynamic operation exercises of laminectomy → exposure of ligamentum flavum → resection of ligamentum flavum. This causes the teaching to remain at the "seeing" level and cannot achieve "doing" training. It has the defects of static function and irreversible operation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, there is a need to provide a dynamic anatomy demonstration device for the ligamentum flavum of the thoracic spine to solve the problem that existing spinal surgery teaching tools cannot simultaneously achieve three-dimensional morphological reconstruction and dynamic reversible operation of surgery, making it difficult for trainees to transfer surgical skills.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the inventors provide a dynamic anatomy demonstration device for the ligamentum flavum of the thoracic vertebrae, comprising:

[0009] Several simulated vertebrae are arranged at intervals, and each simulated vertebra contains a magnetic block;

[0010] A simulated intervertebral disc is placed between adjacent simulated vertebrae. The simulated intervertebral disc is provided with a first adsorption block. The simulated vertebrae and the simulated intervertebral disc are connected to the first adsorption block through the magnetic block.

[0011] A simulated vertebral lamina is disposed on one side of each of the simulated vertebrae. The simulated vertebral lamina extends to form a simulated pedicle near the simulated vertebrae. A second adsorption block is provided on the simulated pedicle. The simulated vertebrae and the simulated vertebral lamina are connected to the second adsorption block through the magnetic block.

[0012] A simulated ligamentum flavum is provided on the side of each simulated lamina near each simulated vertebra. The simulated ligamentum flavum has a first end and a second end of different sizes. The first end and the second end are respectively used to connect with the adjacent simulated lamina. The size of the first end is larger than that of the second end.

[0013] Each of the simulated vertebrae and / or each of the simulated lamina and / or each of the simulated ligamentum flavum is configured with a standard model and at least one pathological model, wherein the pathological model has morphological characteristics that are different from the standard model and is used to simulate one or more pathological conditions.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a pressing pad, disposed at the first and second ends of each of the simulated ligamentum flavum. The pressing pad has at least one protrusion, and the edges of the first and second ends are provided with through holes that match the protrusion. The simulated vertebral plate is provided with a groove that is interference-fitted with the protrusion. The number of through holes at the first end is greater than that at the second end, and the size of the through holes at the first end is smaller than that at the second end.

[0015] Furthermore, at least one pathological model of the simulated ligamentum flavum, having a thickness and / or stiffness greater than the standard model, is used to simulate hypertrophy or ossification.

[0016] Furthermore, at least one of the pathological models of the simulated ligamentum flavum contains an embedded hard mass.

[0017] Furthermore, at least one of the pathological models of the simulated lamina has a simulated pedicle that is thickened or bulged medially.

[0018] Furthermore, at least one of the pathological models of the simulated vertebrae has a simulated bony protrusion structure fixedly connected to or integrally formed therewith on the side facing the simulated lamina, the simulated bony protrusion structure including at least one of lip-like, hook-like or ridge-like.

[0019] Furthermore, at least one of the pathological models of the simulated vertebrae, wherein the upper and / or lower surfaces of the simulated vertebrae in contact with the simulated intervertebral disc are non-parallel or asymmetrical relative to the standard model, and when assembled with the adjacent simulated intervertebral discs, the spinal sequence formed by each of the simulated vertebrae exhibits an observable step-like misalignment at the pathological model of the simulated vertebrae.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes an independent simulated spacer block that can be placed within the spinal canal space formed by the simulated vertebrae, simulated lamina and simulated ligamentum flavum. The simulated spacer block is used to simulate an epidural tumor or hematoma. The simulated spacer block is provided with an adsorption element on its surface or inside so that it can be detachably positioned at a specific location within the spinal canal space.

[0021] Furthermore, each of the simulated vertebral lamina has an integrally formed simulated spinous process on the side away from the simulated vertebra, and each of the simulated vertebral lamina has integrally formed simulated transverse processes on both sides.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes a support frame for horizontal placement, with spaced supports at the top of the support frame, and each of the simulated vertebrae can be independently and detachably placed on the corresponding support.

[0023] The above technical solution has the following advantages, unlike existing technologies:

[0024] 1. This invention uses magnetic blocks and adsorption blocks to transform simulated vertebrae, simulated intervertebral discs, and simulated lamina into independent, quickly detachable modules, allowing the entire spinal model to be assembled and disassembled like building blocks. It can dynamically display the intervertebral connection relationship and conduct step-by-step teaching.

[0025] 2. This invention designs the simulated ligamentum flavum as an asymmetrical structure with the first end being larger than the second end, and connects it to adjacent lamina. The teaching device can intuitively and accurately reproduce the real attachment morphology of the ligamentum flavum on the ventral side of the lamina, which is wider at the head and narrower at the tail. After a dynamic anatomical demonstration of the ligamentum flavum, the simulated ligamentum flavum can be removed by disassembling the simulated lamina and replacing it with a new simulated lamina and simulated ligamentum flavum, enabling repeated teaching demonstrations and surgical practice.

[0026] 3. All core modules proposed in this invention (simulated vertebrae, simulated lamina, and simulated ligamentum flavum) are equipped with standard and pathological models, enabling the simulation of different pathological states, and allowing the device to simulate a continuous spectrum of diseases from normal to abnormal and from simple to complex. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of one side of the vertebral lamina in this embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of multiple simulated vertebrae and simulated intervertebral disc structures in this embodiment;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjacent simulated vertebral lamina near the simulated vertebra in this embodiment;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure on the side of the adjacent simulated vertebral lamina away from the simulated vertebra in this embodiment;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the simulated vertebra and simulated intervertebral disc in this embodiment;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the standard ligamentum flavum and the ossified ligamentum flavum in this embodiment;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the simulated lamina structure for the pathological model in this embodiment;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the bony protrusion-type simulated vertebral structure in this embodiment;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the misaligned simulated vertebral connection structure in this embodiment.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0038] Simulated vertebra 1; Magnetic block 11;

[0039] Simulated intervertebral disc 2; First adsorption block 21;

[0040] Simulated lamina 3; Simulated pedicle 31; Second suction block 32; Groove 33; Simulated spinous process 34; Simulated transverse process 35;

[0041] Simulated ligamentum flavum 4; First end 41; Second end 42; Through hole 43;

[0042] Support frame 5; Support seat 51;

[0043] Press 6 tablets;

[0044] Simulated placeholder block 7; adsorption element 71. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To illustrate the possible application scenarios, technical principles, implementable specific solutions, and achievable objectives and effects of this application in detail, the following description, in conjunction with the listed specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, provides a detailed explanation. The embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The term "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it specifically limit its independence or connection with other embodiments. In principle, in this application, as long as there are no technical contradictions or conflicts, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way to form corresponding implementable technical solutions.

[0047] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the use of related terms herein is merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0048] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is used to describe the logical relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A exists, B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following objects have an "or" logical relationship.

[0049] In this application, terms such as “first” and “second” are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual quantity, hierarchy or order relationship between these entities or operations.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or other similar expressions in this application is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, or product that includes the stated elements, such that a process, method, or product that includes a list of elements may include not only those defined elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, or product.

[0051] As understood in the Examination Guidelines, in this application, expressions such as "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number; expressions such as "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments in this application, "multiple" means two or more (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple" are also understood in this way, such as "multiple groups" and "multiple times," unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0052] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the space-related expressions used, such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the specific embodiments or drawings. They are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments of this application or for the reader's understanding, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific position, a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0053] Unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "setting," as used in the description of the embodiments of this application, should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral setting; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art to which this application pertains, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0054] like Figures 1-10 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a dynamic anatomy demonstration device for the ligamentum flavum of the thoracic spine, which is used for teaching demonstrations and surgical training of the ligamentum flavum anatomy.

[0055] The core of the device consists of four main components: simulated vertebra 1, simulated intervertebral disc 2, simulated lamina 3, and simulated ligamentum flavum 4, which are quickly assembled by magnetic attraction. The simulated vertebra 1, simulated lamina 3, and simulated ligamentum flavum 4 are all equipped with standard anatomical models and various pathological anatomical models, which can be freely replaced to construct various clinical scenarios from normal to abnormal. The components are assembled on a support frame 5 to stabilize the teaching posture.

[0056] A dynamic anatomy demonstration device for the ligamentum flavum of the thoracic vertebrae, comprising:

[0057] Several simulated vertebrae 1 are arranged at intervals, and each simulated vertebrae 1 is provided with a magnetic block 11. The magnetic block 11 embedded inside the simulated vertebrae 1 is a strong magnet.

[0058] The simulated intervertebral disc 2 is made of silicone and has an iron first adsorption block 21. During assembly, the simulated intervertebral disc 2 is placed between two simulated vertebrae 1, and the magnetic block 11 and the first adsorption block 21 are automatically adsorbed to simulate the physiological intervertebral joint. In this embodiment, the first adsorption block 21 is embedded in the simulated intervertebral disc 2. In other preferred embodiments, the first adsorption block 21 can also be attached to the surface of the simulated intervertebral disc 2.

[0059] A simulated lamina 3 is disposed on one side of each of the simulated vertebrae 1. The simulated lamina 3 is connected to the simulated vertebrae 1 through a simulated pedicle 31 extending from its lower edge. A second iron adsorption block 32 is provided on the simulated pedicle 31, which is adsorbed and fixed to the magnetic block 11 inside the simulated vertebrae 1. In this embodiment, the second adsorption block 32 is embedded in the simulated pedicle 31. In other preferred embodiments, the second adsorption block 32 can also be attached to the surface of the simulated pedicle 31. In this embodiment, both the simulated vertebrae and the simulated lamina are made of high-density polyurethane (PU) resin. In other preferred embodiments, the simulated vertebrae and the simulated lamina can also be made of ABS engineering plastic or plaster.

[0060] A simulated ligamentum flavum 4 is located on the side of each simulated lamina 3 near each simulated vertebra 1. Each simulated ligamentum flavum 4 is made of elastic yellow silicone and has a wide first end 41 and a narrower second end 42 compared to the first end 41. The first end 41 and the second end 42 are respectively used to connect with the adjacent simulated lamina 3. The first end 41 is connected to the ventral side of the previous simulated lamina 3 and the tail end is connected to the dorsal side of the next simulated lamina 3, thus replicating the real three-dimensional shape of the ligamentum flavum, which is wide at the head and narrow at the tail, and crosses and connects.

[0061] Teachers can quickly disassemble and assemble the equipment on-site, dynamically demonstrating the four-level connection system of vertebrae-intervertebral discs-lamina-ligaments, enabling students to deeply understand the spatial hierarchy and continuity of the posterior spinal structure.

[0062] In this embodiment, each simulated ligamentum flavum 4 has a through hole 43 pre-made along the edges of its first end 41 and second end 42, and is equipped with a pressing piece 6, which has a cylindrical protrusion and a blind hole-shaped groove 33 opened at the corresponding position of the simulated vertebral lamina 3.

[0063] In other preferred embodiments, the pressing piece 6 has a raised edge along its edge for easy removal.

[0064] During installation, the protrusion of the pressing plate 6 is passed through the through hole 43 on the simulated ligamentum flavum 4, and then pressed into the groove 33 on the simulated vertebral lamina 3. The interference fit achieves a firm lock. In this embodiment, the through hole 43 at the first end 41 is designed to be 5 with a diameter of 1.5 mm; while the through hole 43 at the tail end is designed to be 1 with a diameter of 2.0 mm.

[0065] The press pad 6 can be made of silicone, plastic, or metal, without specific limitations. Silicone and plastic are cheaper, while metal is more durable. The choice should be made according to the actual situation.

[0066] Trainees can install the ligamentum flavum by hand, transforming the abstract description of the upper end of the ligamentum flavum attaching to the anterior inferior margin of the superior vertebral lamina and the lower end attaching to the posterior margin of the inferior vertebral lamina into a concrete tactile and visual memory.

[0067] In other preferred embodiments, the connection between the simulated ligamentum flavum 4 and the simulated lamina 3 can also be achieved by embedding an iron block in the simulated ligamentum flavum 4 and embedding a strong magnet in the simulated lamina 3 to achieve magnetic attraction. Compared with the connection method in this embodiment, the magnetic attraction method has poorer firmness and stability, but is more convenient.

[0068] Each of the simulated vertebrae 1 and / or each of the simulated lamina 3 and / or each of the simulated ligamentum flavum 4 is configured with a standard model and at least one pathological model, wherein the pathological model has morphological characteristics that are different from the standard model and is used to simulate one or more pathological conditions.

[0069] Simulated ligamentum flavum 4 has two pathological models:

[0070] Thick type: Made of high-density silicone, the thickness is increased from the standard 2mm to 4-5mm, and the feel is significantly more resilient.

[0071] Ossification type: A hard, thin sheet of polycarbonate is embedded in the thickened silicone, either in the midline or on the side, to simulate localized calcification.

[0072] After completing the simulated lamina 3 fenestration, trainees first use a nerve dissector to explore. When encountering a hypertrophic type, they will feel a narrowing of the epidural space and high ligament tension. When encountering an ossified type, the dissector will touch an abnormally hard ossification point. At this time, it is necessary to use a miniature bone biting forceps to carefully bite it off from the edge, or use a drill to treat it, thus training the decision-making and skills for handling complex lesions.

[0073] The simulated lamina 3 has a pathological model:

[0074] The articular process of the standard simulated vertebral lamina 3 is smooth, while the simulated vertebral lamina 3 of the pathological model has material accumulation on the inner side of its articular process, forming a distinct bulge towards the simulated vertebra 1.

[0075] Training involves using a drill or angled curette to remove medial bone spurs, widening the nerve root canal while avoiding damage to the lateral articular surfaces, thus training the precision of intervertebral foramen widening surgery.

[0076] Simulated vertebra 1 has two pathological models:

[0077] Bony protrusion type: The posterior wall of the standard simulated vertebra 1 is smooth. The simulated vertebra 1 of the bony protrusion type has a simulated bony protrusion structure protruding towards the simulated vertebral lamina 3 in the center or side of its posterior wall, which can simulate lip-like, hook-like or ridge-like hyperplasia.

[0078] After completely removing the simulated ligamentum flavum 4 and part of the simulated lamina 3, trainees need to practice using an angled curette or a small drill bit to carefully scrape or grind away osteophytes in the decompressed spinal canal, training them to perform ventral decompression in a narrow space.

[0079] Misalignment type: The upper and / or lower surfaces of the simulated vertebra 1 and simulated intervertebral disc 2 are designed as an inclined plane instead of the standard parallel plane. After assembling the misaligned simulated vertebra 1 with the upper and lower standard simulated intervertebral discs 2 and simulated vertebra 1, the entire spinal sequence presents an observable step-like misalignment when viewed from the side.

[0080] The biggest challenge for trainees performing posterior decompression surgery on this deformed model is spatial orientation. The simulated lamina 3 plane rotates, and a conventional vertical approach may lead to misdirection into the spinal canal. The training goal is to teach trainees to use the anatomical relationship of adjacent normal segments as a reference to adjust the angle of the drill, safely locate and open the target simulated lamina 3, which is the foundation for handling spinal deformity surgery.

[0081] The demonstration device also includes an independent simulated spacer block 7 that can be placed within the spinal canal space enclosed by the simulated vertebra 1, simulated lamina 3, and simulated ligamentum flavum 4. The simulated spacer block 7 is used to simulate an epidural tumor or hematoma. The simulated spacer block 7 is made of red or grayish-white soft silicone. The surface or interior of the simulated spacer block 7 is provided with an adsorption element 71, which is iron powder, a miniature iron block, or a miniature magnet, so that it can be detachably positioned at a specific location within the spinal canal space.

[0082] In this embodiment, the adsorption element 71 is a miniature iron block. Teachers or students can place it freely in the spinal canal space surrounded by the simulated vertebra 1, simulated lamina 3 and simulated ligamentum flavum 4. Due to the magnetic force, the simulated placeholder block 7 will be adsorbed onto the nearby simulated vertebra 1 and maintain a stable position.

[0083] Teachers can quickly simulate different cases such as "dorsal epidural tumor" and "lateral protrusion compressing nerve root". Students practice using microsurgical instruments to finely separate and completely remove the simulated mass 7, training non-invasive operation techniques.

[0084] All simulated lamina 3 have a single, integrally formed simulated spinous process 34 and simulated transverse processes 35 extending to both sides on the dorsal side. The length and tilt angle of the spinous process 34 vary according to the anatomical data of different thoracic vertebral segments.

[0085] In this embodiment, the simulated vertebrae 1 corresponding to the human T1 to T12 thoracic vertebrae are of different sizes. Of course, the corresponding simulated intervertebral discs 2, simulated lamina 3, and simulated ligamentum flavum 4 are also of different sizes, which can more realistically simulate the shape of the human spine. In other preferred embodiments, the size of each simulated vertebra 1 can be the same, so the simulated ligamentum flavum 4 used for replacement can be of the same size, which is more convenient.

[0086] The support frame 5 is provided with multiple support seats 51. Each support seat 51 has a slot at the top that fits the shape of the bottom of the corresponding simulated vertebra 1, so that each simulated vertebra 1 of the assembled spinal model can be sequentially inserted into the support seat 51. It is possible to set one support seat 51 for each simulated vertebra 1, or to set one support seat 51 at equal intervals between simulated vertebra 1, depending on the magnetic connection strength between the simulated vertebra 1 and the simulated intervertebral disc 2. It can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and this application does not make specific limitations.

[0087] In other preferred embodiments, an iron sheet may be attached to the surface of the slot of the support 51 or an iron block may be embedded in the support to enhance the connection strength.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that although the above embodiments have been described in the text and drawings of this application, this should not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any technical solutions that are based on the essential concept of this application and utilize the content described in the text and drawings of this application, resulting in equivalent structural or procedural substitutions or modifications, as well as the direct or indirect application of the technical solutions of the above embodiments to other related technical fields, are all included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A dynamic anatomy demonstration device for the ligamentum flavum of the thoracic vertebrae, characterized in that, include: Several simulated vertebrae are arranged at intervals, and each simulated vertebra contains a magnetic block; A simulated intervertebral disc is placed between adjacent simulated vertebrae. The simulated intervertebral disc is provided with a first adsorption block. The simulated vertebrae and the simulated intervertebral disc are connected to the first adsorption block through the magnetic block. A simulated vertebral lamina is disposed on one side of each of the simulated vertebrae. The simulated vertebral lamina extends to form a simulated pedicle near the simulated vertebrae. A second adsorption block is provided on the simulated pedicle. The simulated vertebrae and the simulated vertebral lamina are connected to the second adsorption block through the magnetic block. A simulated ligamentum flavum is provided on the side of each simulated lamina near each simulated vertebra. The simulated ligamentum flavum has a first end and a second end of different sizes. The first end and the second end are respectively used to connect with the adjacent simulated lamina. The size of the first end is larger than that of the second end. Each of the simulated vertebrae and / or each of the simulated lamina and / or each of the simulated ligamentum flavum is configured with a standard model and at least one pathological model, wherein the pathological model has morphological characteristics that are different from the standard model and is used to simulate one or more pathological conditions; It also includes a pressing pad, which is disposed at the first and second ends of each of the simulated ligamentum flavum. The pressing pad has at least one protrusion. The edges of the first and second ends are provided with through holes that match the protrusion. The simulated vertebral plate is provided with a groove that is interference fit with the protrusion. The number of through holes at the first end is greater than that at the second end. The size of the through holes at the first end is smaller than that at the second end. At least one of the pathological models of the simulated ligamentum flavum, having a thickness and / or stiffness greater than the standard model, is used to simulate hypertrophy or ossification. At least one pathological model of the simulated lamina, wherein the simulated pedicle is thickened or bulged medially; At least one pathological model of the simulated vertebra has a simulated bony protrusion structure fixedly connected to or integrally formed therewith on the side facing the simulated vertebral lamina, the simulated bony protrusion structure including at least one of lip-like, hook-like or ridge-like. At least one of the pathological models of the simulated vertebrae, wherein the upper and / or lower surfaces of the simulated vertebrae in contact with the simulated intervertebral disc are non-parallel or asymmetrical relative to the standard model, and when assembled with the adjacent simulated intervertebral discs, the spinal sequence formed by each of the simulated vertebrae exhibits an observable step-like misalignment at the pathological model of the simulated vertebrae. It also includes an independent simulated spacer block that can be placed within the spinal canal space formed by the simulated vertebrae, simulated lamina and simulated ligamentum flavum. The simulated spacer block is used to simulate an epidural tumor or hematoma. The simulated spacer block is provided with an adsorption element on its surface or inside so that it can be detachably positioned at a specific location within the spinal canal space. Each of the simulated vertebral lamina has an integrally formed simulated spinous process on the side away from the simulated vertebra, and each of the simulated vertebral lamina has integrally formed simulated transverse processes on both sides.

2. The dynamic anatomy demonstration device for the ligamentum flavum of the thoracic vertebrae according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one of the pathological models of the simulated ligamentum flavum contains an embedded hard mass.

3. A dynamic anatomy demonstration device for the ligamentum flavum of the thoracic vertebrae according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: It also includes a support frame for horizontal placement, with spaced supports at the top of the support frame, and each of the simulated vertebrae can be independently and detachably placed on the corresponding support.

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