A device for detecting down composition and residual fat content

Abstract

This invention discloses a device for detecting down composition and residual fat content, comprising a controller, a composition detection mechanism, and a sample dispersion mechanism, a microwave extraction mechanism, and a drying and weighing mechanism connected in sequence. The sample dispersion mechanism includes a sample chamber and a dispersion cavity. A miniature electromagnetic vibrator is installed at the bottom of the sample chamber, with its top surface inclined to the dispersion cavity. The dispersion cavity is a transparent cavity with an air outlet, an air inlet, and a telescopic rod A. A mesh sieve plate is fixed to the top of the telescopic rod A, and a sample recovery port is located above the sieve plate. The composition detection mechanism is connected to the dispersion cavity. The controller connects to each component. This invention achieves integrated automatic detection of down composition and residual fat content by integrating composition detection, microwave extraction, and drying and weighing. It replaces Soxhlet extraction with microwave extraction, significantly shortening the residual fat detection time and reducing the amount of organic solvent used. Through automatic dispersion, sieving, and optical analysis, it reduces manual intervention and improves the efficiency, objectivity, and repeatability of composition analysis results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of down testing technology, specifically to a device for detecting down composition and residual fat content. Background Technology

[0002] Down, due to its excellent warmth, lightweight, and loft, is widely used in clothing, bedding, and outdoor products. Its quality is primarily determined by key indicators such as down composition, including down content, feather fragments, impurity ratio, and residual fat content. Currently, domestic standards GB / T 10288-2016 and GB / T 17685-2016 have clear testing requirements for these indicators: down composition typically relies on manual sorting combined with microscopic observation or image analysis, while residual fat content is often achieved using Soxhlet extraction, employing long-term reflux extraction with organic solvents such as petroleum ether. However, these traditional methods suffer from problems such as complex operation, long processing time, and high subjectivity, making it difficult to meet the demands of the modern down industry for efficient quality inspection.

[0003] Furthermore, existing detection methods generally suffer from drawbacks such as high reagent consumption, high environmental pollution risks, and fragmented equipment with limited automation. Soxhlet extraction, in particular, uses large amounts of volatile organic solvents, posing safety and environmental hazards, and the entire process takes several hours, resulting in low efficiency. Component analysis, heavily reliant on manual labor, is prone to errors, affecting the repeatability and accuracy of the results. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent and efficient detection device that integrates down component identification and residual fat rate determination. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of traditional methods, such as complex operation, time consumption, and reliance on manual labor, this invention provides an automatic, efficient, and accurate detection device for down composition and residual fat content.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A device for detecting down composition and residual fat content includes a controller, a composition detection mechanism, a sample dispersion mechanism, a microwave extraction mechanism, and a drying and weighing mechanism. The sample dispersion mechanism includes a sample chamber and a dispersion cavity. The sample chamber is a covered cylindrical container with a micro electromagnetic vibrator fixed in the center of its bottom. The top surface of the micro electromagnetic vibrator has an inclined surface, the end of which connects to a discharge port, which in turn connects to the dispersion cavity. The dispersion cavity is a transparent cavity with an air vent on its side near the top surface. The bottom surface has a telescopic rod A and an air inlet with a solenoid valve A. The top surface of the telescopic rod A also has an inclined mesh screen. After the mesh screen is retracted, an discharge port connecting to a sample recovery mechanism is located along the cavity above it. The discharge port connects to the microwave extraction mechanism, which in turn connects to the drying and weighing mechanism. The composition detection mechanism is connected to the dispersion cavity. The controller is connected to the micro electromagnetic vibrator, telescopic rod A, solenoid valve A, microwave extraction mechanism, and drying and weighing mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, a connecting ring is provided at the top of the dispersion chamber; the component detection mechanism includes a mounting shell, a fixed sleeve, a movable sleeve, and an annular coaxial light source; a limiting ring that movably matches the connecting ring is provided on the outer side of the mounting shell near the bottom, and a pair of telescopic rods B are symmetrically provided on the top of the inner side, with the fixed sleeve installed in the middle. The top of the fixed sleeve passes through the mounting shell, and a wire interface and heat dissipation holes are embedded in its top surface. A movable plate is fixedly connected to the movable ends of the two telescopic rods B; the top of the movable sleeve is movably fitted inside the fixed sleeve, and its middle and lower ends pass through the movable plate and are fixedly connected to it. An optical imaging unit is provided at the front end of the movable sleeve, and the optical imaging unit is connected to the wire interface through a spring wire; the annular coaxial light source is fitted around the outer periphery of the movable sleeve, and its top surface is fixedly installed on the movable plate; the controller is electrically connected to the annular coaxial light source, the telescopic rods B, and the optical imaging unit respectively.

[0007] The telescopic movement of the movable sleeve directly drives the synchronous movement of the lighting and imaging components, fundamentally eliminating the risk of lighting offset or optical path misalignment during focusing; the wire connects the data collected by the optical imaging unit to the controller through the wire interface, enabling the high-definition images collected to be transmitted to the controller in real time for analysis, completing the intelligent identification and content calculation of down, feather fragments and impurities. In use, the component detection mechanism is connected and fixed to the connecting ring at the top of the dispersion chamber via the limiting ring at the bottom of the mounting shell, ensuring that the overall optical path is vertically aligned with the inside of the dispersion chamber. After the controller is activated, the telescopic rod B drives the movable plate to move up and down according to the preset program or real-time feedback signal, thereby driving the movable sleeve, optical imaging unit, and annular coaxial light source fixed to it to extend and retract synchronously along the axial direction of the fixed sleeve, realizing automatic focusing of the suspended down in the dispersion chamber. During this process, the annular coaxial light source always remains coaxial with the optical imaging unit and its relative position remains unchanged, ensuring that the illumination beam accurately covers the center of the imaging field of view. Regardless of how the focal length is adjusted, it can provide uniform, shadow-free, and offset illumination conditions, significantly improving image clarity and feature recognition accuracy. By uniformly driving the adjustment components through the telescopic rod B, the problems of optical path offset and illumination misalignment caused by mechanical clearance, assembly error, or independent adjustment in traditional split focusing mechanisms are fundamentally eliminated. This not only improves focusing efficiency and imaging stability but also enhances detection repeatability and environmental adaptability, while simplifying the optical calibration process and reducing maintenance difficulty.

[0008] Furthermore, the connecting ring and the mounting shell are respectively provided with external threads on their outer circumferences; the limiting ring is provided with internal threads on its inner circumference, and the limiting ring is connected to the connecting ring and the mounting shell through threaded engagement. In use, the limiting ring is first fitted onto one side of the connecting ring or the mounting shell, and then the limiting ring is rotated so that its internal threads engage with the external threads of the connecting ring and the mounting shell sequentially or simultaneously, thereby axially locking and radially positioning both; this structure requires no additional fasteners, is easy to assemble, has a firm connection, and is easy to disassemble and maintain.

[0009] Furthermore, the optical imaging unit includes an industrial camera, a fixed-focus objective lens, and a narrowband filter. The industrial camera is fixedly mounted on the front end of the movable sleeve, and the plane of its internal photosensitive chip is precisely adjusted to remain perpendicular to the axis of the movable sleeve. The fixed-focus objective lens is fitted onto the optical interface at the front end of the industrial camera, keeping the relative distance between the objective lens and the photosensitive chip constant. The narrowband filter is embedded in the rear end of the fixed-focus objective lens and located in the optical path between the fixed-focus objective lens and the industrial camera. Its passband center wavelength matches the emission peak wavelength of the ring coaxial light source, and is used to filter out stray background light before the light enters the objective lens, ensuring the purity of the imaging spectrum. In operation, the annular coaxial light source uniformly illuminates the down sample. The reflected light from the sample passes sequentially through a narrow-band filter and a fixed-focus objective lens, ultimately forming a clear image on the photosensitive chip inside the industrial camera. The imaging data is transmitted to the controller for analysis via wires. The system's autofocus is achieved by a telescopic rod B driving the entire optical module, including the industrial camera, fixed-focus objective lens, narrow-band filter, and annular coaxial light source, to perform an axial displacement. The controller drives the telescopic rod B to move the movable sleeve, bringing the optical imaging unit closer to or further away from the suspended down within the dispersion cavity to obtain a clear image. The photosensitive chip of the industrial camera is strictly perpendicular to the axis of the movable sleeve to avoid… Image distortion is minimized; the fixed-focus objective lens is fixedly mounted at the front of the camera with a constant distance from the image sensor, eliminating the need for focusing and ensuring stable imaging; a narrow-band filter is embedded in the optical path between the objective lens and the camera, with its passband center wavelength matching the emission peak wavelength of the ring coaxial light source, effectively filtering out stray light and allowing only the target wavelength to pass through, improving the image signal-to-noise ratio and contrast; combined with coaxial uniform illumination, this imaging unit can clearly capture the morphological characteristics of down, providing high-quality images for the controller to accurately identify down, feather fragments, and impurities. While simplifying the structure, it improves imaging stability, anti-interference ability, and detection accuracy, effectively supporting efficient and reliable analysis of down components.

[0010] Furthermore, the microwave extraction mechanism includes a microwave reaction chamber, an extraction tank, a metering pump, and a solvent tank. The microwave reaction chamber is a stainless steel shielded cavity with a detachable top cover and a through hole with a silicone ring at the bottom. The inner wall is coated with an anti-corrosion coating. A waveguide is installed on one side of the top, and an infrared temperature sensor is installed on the side. A magnetron is installed at one end of the waveguide, and a mode stirrer is installed at the other end. The extraction tank is detachably installed inside the microwave reaction chamber. A liquid outlet with a solenoid valve B is provided at the bottom. The liquid outlet extends downward through the through hole to the feed inlet of the drying and weighing mechanism. The feed inlet and liquid inlet at the top extend upward through the top cover, respectively. The metering pump and solvent tank are respectively located next to the microwave reaction chamber. The inlet and outlet of the metering pump are connected to the solvent tank and the liquid inlet via flexible hoses, respectively. The controller is electrically connected to the infrared temperature sensor, magnetron, mode stirrer, solenoid valve B, and metering pump, respectively. During use, the down sample enters the extraction tank through the inlet. The controller then controls the metering pump to inject the extractant from the solvent tank in a measured amount. Afterward, the magnetron emits microwaves, which are evenly distributed by the mode stirrer to rapidly heat the sample inside the tank. An infrared temperature sensor provides real-time temperature feedback for precise temperature control. Under the action of microwaves, the oils dissolve rapidly, reducing the extraction time from several hours to 10–15 minutes. Once completed, solenoid valve B opens, and the oil-containing solvent is discharged into the drying and weighing mechanism below, while the defatted down is transferred according to the process. The entire process takes place in a sealed, corrosion-resistant stainless steel chamber, resulting in minimal solvent evaporation and high safety. This not only significantly improves efficiency but also enables rapid, automatic, and low-consumption detection of residual fat content.

[0011] Furthermore, microwave isolation cavities are respectively provided on the top of the upper cover and below the through-hole of the microwave reaction cavity, with flexible absorbing material laid inside the microwave isolation cavities. In use, microwave isolation cavities are provided on the top of the upper cover and below the through-hole at the bottom of the cavity of the microwave extraction mechanism, lined with flexible absorbing material, which can effectively absorb microwaves leaking from gaps or pipes; combined with the stainless steel shielding cavity and sealing structure, multiple layers of protection are formed; the microwave isolation cavities significantly reduce the risk of microwave spillage without affecting feeding and draining, ensuring the safety of the equipment during rapid extraction.

[0012] Furthermore, the drying and weighing mechanism includes a drying chamber with an oxygen concentration sensor. A detachable sealing cover is provided on the top of the drying chamber. One side of the cover has an inlet pipe connected to the liquid outlet of the microwave extraction mechanism, and the other side has an exhaust port with a solenoid valve C. The exhaust port is connected to a condensation recovery unit. A micro-weighing module is fixedly installed in the middle of the sealing cover. The weighing rod of the weighing module extends vertically downwards into the chamber, and a quartz glass sample container is suspended at its end. One side of the sample container mates with the end of the inlet pipe, and the other side mates with the condensation recovery unit. The drying chamber is equipped with a lifting mold. The block has an L-shaped purge tube, with a microporous diffuser at the end of the horizontal section. The vertical section passes through a sealed top cover and connects to a nitrogen cylinder with a gas pretreatment module. The height of the microporous diffuser is adjusted by a lifting module so that it can be immersed in the solution in the sample container. The gas pretreatment module includes a precision filter, a PID temperature-controlled heater, and a dew point monitor connected in sequence. The drain port of the condensation recovery unit is connected to a solvent recovery container. The controller is electrically connected to the oxygen concentration sensor, the gas pretreatment module, the condensation recovery unit, the micro-weighing module, and the lifting module.

[0013] The top cover remains sealed during use. During operation, the solvent-containing oil sample extracted by microwave is injected through the feed tube into a suspended quartz glass sample container within the drying chamber. The controller monitors the oxygen content within the chamber using an oxygen concentration sensor. If the oxygen content exceeds the standard, dry nitrogen is automatically introduced to replace it, ensuring a nitrogen-rich and safe environment. Once the environment is maintained at a safe level, the controller controls the lifting module, which adjusts the height of the L-shaped purge tube, immersing the microporous diffuser head in the liquid. At this point, warm nitrogen gas passes through the solution in the form of microbubbles, efficiently carrying away solvent vapor. The vapor enters the condensation and recovery unit through the exhaust port, condenses, and flows into the solvent recovery container. A micro-weighing module monitors the sample mass in real time. When the mass change is less than 0.01 mg for 60 consecutive seconds, drying is considered complete, and the net weight of the oil is recorded. The controller calculates the residual oil rate using the mass difference method. Oxygen concentration monitoring and nitrogen protection completely eliminate the risk of combustion and explosion. Low-temperature warm nitrogen combined with microporous diffusion improves evaporation efficiency and prevents thermal decomposition of the oil. The solvent is recyclable, making it environmentally friendly and energy-saving. The overall automation level is high, with a drying time of only 10–15 minutes, significantly improving analytical efficiency and accuracy.

[0014] Furthermore, the condensation recovery unit includes a condenser tube, which is fixedly installed outside the drying chamber. The condenser tube's inlet is connected to the exhaust port, and the condensate outlet is connected to a solvent recovery tank equipped with a pressure relief valve. The condenser tube's inlet is directly connected to the exhaust port of the drying chamber to receive nitrogen tail gas carrying solvent vapor. The condenser tube is connected to the factory's existing circulating cooling water system, utilizing low-temperature circulating water for efficient condensation of the vapor inside the tube, eliminating the need for additional refrigeration equipment and reducing energy consumption and costs. The condensed liquid solvent flows out from the condensate outlet and enters a sealed solvent recovery tank equipped with a pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valve automatically releases pressure when the pressure inside the tank abnormally increases, ensuring safe system operation while preventing air backflow to maintain an inert environment, thus ensuring operational safety and improving environmental friendliness and operational economy.

[0015] Furthermore, the lifting module employs a rotating motor electrically connected to the controller. The rotating motor is fixed to the top surface of the sealed cover, and its rotating shaft passes through the sealed cover and is connected to a lead screw. A nut is threaded onto the lead screw; the nut is connected to the L-shaped purge tube via a connecting block. In use, the controller precisely adjusts the start and stop of the rotating motor according to a preset program or real-time feedback signal. The rotating motor drives the lead screw to rotate, causing the nut to move along the lead screw, simultaneously lifting and lowering the entire L-shaped purge tube. This ensures that the microporous diffuser at the end of the horizontal section can be precisely immersed in the solution, guaranteeing stable operation and flexible operation of the purge tube.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper section of the L-shaped purge pipe is connected to a threaded pipe, which extends outward through the drying chamber and connects to a nitrogen cylinder. When the lifting module moves the L-shaped purge pipe up and down, the threaded pipe compensates for the displacement through its own axial expansion and contraction, ensuring that the wall-penetrating connection always maintains a static seal, eliminating the need for a dynamic sealing structure. This design effectively prevents nitrogen leakage or air infiltration, ensuring a stable inert environment within the drying chamber, while also avoiding stress on the pipeline, simplifying the structure, improving sealing reliability, and enhancing system durability.

[0017] Method of using this invention: The air inlet connects to the factory's high-pressure air inlet pipeline or an external high-pressure air supply device. The controller then activates solenoid valve A to introduce high-pressure gas. Simultaneously, telescopic rod A extends, causing the mesh screen to rise and block the side outlet, preventing the sample from falling out. The mesh size used in the mesh screen is smaller than the down size. During use, the down sample is placed into the sample chamber, and a miniature electromagnetic vibrator sends it into the dispersion chamber. High-pressure airflow is injected from the bottom of the dispersion chamber, creating upward turbulence, which fully disperses and suspends the down sample within the chamber. Under continuous airflow disturbance, the down is fully suspended and spread within the chamber, forming a stable, loose, dynamic cloud-like distribution, ensuring the representativeness and accuracy of component detection. At this time, it is connected to... The component detection mechanism outside the dispersion chamber collects information on the suspended down from multiple angles in real time and sends the collected information back to the controller. The controller identifies the morphological characteristics of down, feather fragments, impurities, etc., and calculates and analyzes their composition to obtain component analysis data. After the detection is completed, the telescopic rod A retracts, causing the sieve plate to descend and closing the solenoid valve A of the air inlet. Then the outlet is opened, and the down sample enters the microwave extraction mechanism along the outlet. The oil is quickly extracted by microwave heating and solvent. After the solvent is evaporated by the drying and weighing mechanism, the oil is accurately weighed and then the data is sent to the controller. The controller efficiently calculates the residual fat rate using the mass difference method. At this point, the residual fat rate data of the down has been obtained.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1. This invention achieves integrated automatic detection of down components and residual fat content by integrating component detection, microwave extraction, and drying and weighing; microwave extraction quickly replaces Soxhlet extraction, significantly shortening the residual fat detection time, reducing the amount of organic solvents used, and reducing environmental pollution and safety risks; the component detection mechanism combines automatic dispersion and sieving, reducing manual intervention and improving the efficiency and objectivity of component analysis results.

[0019] 2. This invention achieves overall linkage between the illumination and imaging components through an integrated telescopic structure, ensuring coaxial optical path during focusing and providing stable and uniform illumination, fundamentally avoiding imaging errors caused by mechanical offset; the threaded connection simplifies assembly, disassembly and maintenance, and the fixed-focus objective lens combined with a wavelength-matched narrowband filter effectively filters out stray light, improving image clarity, signal-to-noise ratio and feature recognition accuracy, and enhancing the stability and repeatability of detection.

[0020] 3. The microwave extraction mechanism of this invention shortens the traditional extraction process, which takes several hours, to 10-15 minutes through rapid microwave heating, significantly improving detection efficiency; the infrared sensor precisely controls the temperature to ensure extraction consistency; the fully enclosed stainless steel cavity, combined with the microwave isolation cavities at the upper and lower ends, effectively prevents solvent evaporation and microwave leakage, reducing safety risks and environmental pollution; the metering pump automatically adds liquid in quantitative quantities, combined with the solenoid valve controlling the discharge, realizing precise control of the solvent and automation of the process, reducing manual intervention and solvent consumption.

[0021] 4. This invention uses an oxygen concentration sensor for monitoring and nitrogen protection to complete drying in a nitrogen-rich, oxygen-free environment, completely eliminating the risk of extractant combustion and ensuring operational safety. Warm nitrogen is used to gently and efficiently purge and dry the solution through a microporous diffuser, avoiding thermal decomposition of the oil and shortening the drying time to 10-15 minutes, thus improving efficiency. A micro-weighing module monitors mass changes in real time, and combined with condensate solvent recovery, it achieves fully automated, high-precision calculation of residual fat percentage and environmentally friendly, energy-saving processing. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the component detection mechanism and sample dispersion mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is the present invention. Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of a portion of the fixed sleeve mechanism.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the microwave extraction mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the drying and load-bearing mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a top view of the sample container of the drying and load-bearing mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Attached image labels: Controller-1, Component Detection Mechanism-2, Mounting Housing-21, Wire Interface-211, Heat Dissipation Hole-212, Fixed Sleeve-22, Movable Sleeve-23, Annular Coaxial Light Source-24, Limiting Ring-25, Telescopic Rod B-26, Movable Plate-261, Optical Imaging Unit-27, Sample Dispersion Mechanism-3, Sample Chamber-31, Miniature Electromagnetic Vibrator-311, Inclined Surface-312, Dispersion Chamber-32, Air Outlet-321, Telescopic Rod A-322, Air Inlet-323, Grid Sieve Plate-324, Connecting Ring-325, Microwave Extraction Mechanism-4, Microwave Reaction Chamber-41, Top Cover- 411. Waveguide - 412. Infrared temperature sensor - 413. Magnetron - 414. Mode stirrer - 415. Extraction tank - 42. Metering pump - 43. Solvent tank - 44. Microwave isolation chamber - 45. Drying and weighing mechanism - 5. Oxygen concentration sensor - 51. Drying chamber - 52. Sealed top cover - 521. Feed pipe - 522. Condensation recovery unit - 53. Condenser tube - 531. Solvent recovery tank - 532. Weighing module - 54. Sample container - 55. L-shaped purge tube - 56. Lifting module - 561. Microporous diffuser head - 57. Gas pretreatment module - 581. Nitrogen cylinder - 58. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Example 1: A device for detecting down composition and residual fat rate, comprising a controller 1, a composition detection mechanism 2, a sample dispersion mechanism 3, a microwave extraction mechanism 4, and a drying and weighing mechanism 5; the sample dispersion mechanism 3 includes a sample chamber 31 and a dispersion cavity 32, the sample chamber 31 is a cylindrical container with a lid, a micro electromagnetic vibrator 311 is fixedly installed in the middle of the bottom, the top surface of the micro electromagnetic vibrator 311 has an inclined surface 312, the end of the inclined surface 312 is connected to the discharge port, and the discharge port is connected to the dispersion cavity 32; the dispersion cavity 32 is a transparent cavity, and its side near the top surface has an air outlet. The bottom surface of the hole 321 is provided with a telescopic rod A322 and an air inlet 323 with a solenoid valve A. The top surface of the telescopic rod A322 is also provided with an inclined mesh screen plate 324. After the mesh screen plate 324 is retracted, an outlet connected to the sample recovery mechanism is provided on the cavity above it. The outlet is connected to the microwave extraction mechanism 4, and the microwave extraction mechanism 4 is connected to the drying and weighing mechanism 5. The component detection mechanism 2 is connected to the dispersion chamber 32. The controller 1 is connected to the micro electromagnetic vibrator 311, the telescopic rod A322, the solenoid valve A, the microwave extraction mechanism 4, and the drying and weighing mechanism 5.

[0031] In this scheme, anhydrous diethyl ether is used as the solvent; the air inlet 323 is connected to the factory's high-pressure air inlet pipeline or an external high-pressure air supply device. Then, the controller 1 activates the solenoid valve A to introduce high-pressure gas, and simultaneously the telescopic rod A322 extends, causing the mesh sieve plate 324 to move upwards and block the side outlet to prevent the sample from falling out. The mesh size used in the mesh sieve plate 324 is smaller than the down size. During use, the down sample is placed into the sample chamber 31, and the micro electromagnetic vibrator 311 sends it into the dispersion chamber 32. High-pressure airflow is injected from the bottom of the dispersion chamber 32, forming an upward turbulent flow, which fully disperses and suspends the incoming down sample within the chamber. Under continuous airflow disturbance, the down is fully suspended and spread within the chamber, forming a stable, loose, dynamic cloud-like distribution, ensuring the representativeness and accuracy of component detection. At this time, the connection... The component detection mechanism 2, connected to the dispersion chamber 32, collects information on the suspended down from multiple angles in real time and sends the collected information back to the controller 1. The controller 1 identifies the morphological characteristics of down, feather fragments, impurities, etc., and calculates and analyzes their composition to obtain component analysis data. After the detection is completed, the telescopic rod A322 retracts, causing the sieve plate to descend and closing the solenoid valve A of the air inlet 323. Then, the outlet is opened, and the down sample enters the microwave extraction mechanism 4 along the outlet. The oil is rapidly extracted by microwave heating and solvent. After the solvent is evaporated by the drying and weighing mechanism 5, the oil is accurately weighed. The solvent can be evaporated by water bath heating. The data is then transmitted to the controller 1, which efficiently calculates the residual fat rate using the mass difference method. At this point, the residual fat rate data of the down has been obtained.

[0032] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that a connecting ring 325 is provided at the top of the dispersion chamber 32; the component detection mechanism 2 includes a mounting shell 21, a fixed sleeve 22, a movable sleeve 23, and a ring-shaped coaxial light source 24; a limiting ring 25 that mates with the connecting ring 325 is movably provided on the outer side of the mounting shell 21 near the bottom, and a pair of telescopic rods B26 are symmetrically provided on the top inner side, with the fixed sleeve 22 installed in the middle. The top of the fixed sleeve 22 passes through the mounting shell 21, and a wire interface 211 and a heat dissipation hole 212 are embedded in its top surface. The two telescopic rods... A movable plate 261 is fixedly connected to the movable end of B26; the top of the movable sleeve 23 is movably fitted inside the fixed sleeve 22, and the middle and lower ends pass through the movable plate 261 and are fixedly connected to it. An optical imaging unit 27 is provided at the front end of the movable sleeve 23, and the optical imaging unit 27 is connected to the wire interface 211 through a spring wire; the annular coaxial light source 24 is fitted around the outer periphery of the movable sleeve 23, and its top surface is fixedly installed on the movable plate 261; the controller 1 is electrically connected to the annular coaxial light source 24, the telescopic rod B26, and the optical imaging unit 27. The telescopic movement of the movable sleeve 23 directly drives the synchronous movement of the illumination and imaging components, fundamentally eliminating the risk of illumination offset or optical path misalignment during focusing; the wire connects the data collected by the optical imaging unit 27 to the controller 1 through the wire interface 211, so that the collected high-definition images are transmitted to the controller 1 in real time for analysis, completing the intelligent identification and content calculation of down, feather fragments, and impurities. In use, the component detection mechanism 2 is connected and fixed to the connecting ring 325 at the top of the dispersion cavity 32 via the limiting ring 25 at the bottom of the mounting shell 21, ensuring that the overall optical path is vertically aligned with the inside of the dispersion cavity 32. After the controller 1 is started, the telescopic rod B26 drives the movable plate 261 to move up and down according to the preset program or real-time feedback signal, thereby driving the movable sleeve 23, optical imaging unit 27 and annular coaxial light source 24 fixed thereto to extend and retract synchronously along the axial direction of the fixed sleeve 22, realizing automatic focusing of the suspended down in the dispersion cavity 32. During this process, the annular coaxial light source 24 is always aligned with the optical imaging unit. 27. Maintaining coaxiality and constant relative position ensures that the illumination beam accurately covers the center of the imaging field of view. Regardless of the focal length adjustment, it can provide uniform, shadow-free, and offset illumination conditions, significantly improving image clarity and feature recognition accuracy. By using the telescopic rod B26 to uniformly drive the adjustment components, it fundamentally eliminates problems such as optical path offset and illumination inaccuracy caused by mechanical clearance, assembly errors, or independent adjustment in traditional split focusing mechanisms. This not only improves focusing efficiency and imaging stability but also enhances detection repeatability and environmental adaptability. At the same time, it simplifies the optical calibration process and reduces maintenance difficulty.

[0033] The microwave extraction mechanism 4 includes a microwave reaction chamber 41, an extraction tank 42, a metering pump 43, and a solvent tank 44. The microwave reaction chamber 41 is a stainless steel shielded cavity with a detachable top cover 411 and a through hole with a silicone ring at the bottom. The inner wall is coated with an anti-corrosion coating. A waveguide 412 is installed on one side of the top, and an infrared temperature sensor 413 is installed on the side. A magnetron 414 is installed at one end of the waveguide 412, and a mode stirrer 415 is installed at the other end. The extraction tank 42 is detachably installed inside the microwave reaction chamber 41. The bottom is provided with a liquid outlet with a solenoid valve B. The liquid outlet extends downward through the through hole to the feed inlet of the drying weighing mechanism 5. The feed inlet and liquid inlet provided at the top extend upward through the top cover 411 respectively. The metering pump 43 and the solvent tank 44 are respectively located next to the microwave reaction chamber 41. The inlet and outlet of the metering pump 43 are respectively connected to the solvent tank 44 and the liquid inlet through hoses. The controller 1 is electrically connected to the infrared temperature sensor 413, the magnetron 414, the mode stirrer 415, the solenoid valve B and the metering pump 43 respectively. In use, after the down sample enters the extraction tank 42 through the feed inlet, the controller 1 controls the metering pump 43 to inject the extractant from the solvent tank 44 in a quantitative manner. Then, the magnetron 414 emits microwaves, which are evenly distributed by the mode stirrer 415 to rapidly heat the sample in the tank, with the heating temperature controlled at 38°C ± 2°C. The infrared temperature sensor 413 provides real-time temperature feedback to achieve precise temperature control. Under the action of microwaves, the oil dissolves rapidly, and the extraction time is shortened from several hours in the traditional method to 10–15 minutes. After completion, the solenoid valve B opens, and the oil-containing solvent is discharged into the drying and weighing mechanism 5 below, while the defatted down is transferred according to the process. The entire process is carried out in a sealed, corrosion-resistant stainless steel cavity, with less solvent evaporation and high safety. This not only significantly improves efficiency but also enables rapid, automatic, and low-consumption detection of residual fat rate.

[0034] Example 3: Unlike Example 2, the connecting ring 325 and the mounting shell 21 are respectively provided with external threads on their outer circumferences; the limiting ring 25 is provided with internal threads on its inner circumference, and the limiting ring 25 is connected to the connecting ring 325 and the mounting shell 21 via threaded engagement. In use, the limiting ring 25 is first fitted onto one side of the connecting ring 325 or the mounting shell 21, and then the limiting ring 25 is rotated so that its internal threads sequentially or simultaneously engage with the external threads of the connecting ring 325 and the mounting shell 21, thereby axially locking and radially positioning both. This structure requires no additional fasteners, is easy to assemble, has a firm connection, and is convenient for disassembly and maintenance.

[0035] The optical imaging unit 27 includes an industrial camera, a fixed-focus objective lens, and a narrowband filter. The industrial camera is fixedly mounted on the front end of the movable sleeve 23, and the plane of its internal photosensitive chip is precisely adjusted to be perpendicular to the axis of the movable sleeve 23. The fixed-focus objective lens is fitted onto the optical interface at the front end of the industrial camera, so that the relative distance between the objective lens and the photosensitive chip remains unchanged. The narrowband filter is embedded in the rear end of the fixed-focus objective lens and is located in the optical path between the fixed-focus objective lens and the industrial camera. Its passband center wavelength matches the emission peak wavelength of the ring coaxial light source 24, and is used to filter out stray background light before the light enters the objective lens to ensure the purity of the imaging spectrum. In use, the annular coaxial light source 24 uniformly illuminates the down sample. The reflected light from the sample passes sequentially through the narrow-band filter and the fixed-focus objective lens, ultimately forming a clear image on the photosensitive chip inside the industrial camera. The imaging data is transmitted to the controller 1 for analysis via wires. The system's autofocus is achieved by the telescopic rod B26 driving the entire optical module, including the industrial camera, fixed-focus objective lens, narrow-band filter, and annular coaxial light source 24, to perform axial displacement. The controller 1 drives the telescopic rod B26 to move the movable sleeve 23, causing the optical imaging unit 27 to move closer to or further away from the suspended down in the dispersion cavity 32 to obtain a clear image. The photosensitive chip of the industrial camera and the movable sleeve 23 are aligned axially. The lines are strictly perpendicular to avoid image distortion; the fixed-focus objective lens is fixedly mounted at the front of the camera with a constant distance from the image sensor, eliminating the need for focusing and ensuring stable imaging; a narrow-band filter is embedded in the optical path between the objective lens and the camera, and its passband center wavelength matches the emission peak wavelength of the ring coaxial light source 24, effectively filtering out stray light and allowing only the target wavelength to pass through, improving the image signal-to-noise ratio and contrast; in conjunction with coaxial uniform illumination, this imaging unit can clearly capture the morphological characteristics of down, providing high-quality images for the controller 1 to accurately identify down, feather fragments, and impurities. While simplifying the structure, it improves imaging stability, anti-interference ability, and detection accuracy, effectively supporting efficient and reliable analysis of down components.

[0036] Microwave isolation cavities 45 are respectively provided on the top of the upper cover 411 and below the through hole of the microwave reaction cavity 41, and flexible microwave absorbing material is laid inside the microwave isolation cavities 45. In use, microwave isolation cavities 45 are provided on the top of the upper cover 411 and below the through hole at the bottom of the cavity of the microwave extraction mechanism 4, and the flexible microwave absorbing material is lined inside, which can effectively absorb microwaves leaking from gaps or pipes; together with the stainless steel shielding cavity and sealing structure, multiple protections are formed; the microwave isolation cavities 45 significantly reduce the risk of microwave spillage without affecting the feeding and draining of liquids, ensuring the safety of the equipment in the rapid extraction process.

[0037] Example 4: The difference from Example 2 is that the sample dispersion mechanism 3 has a feed pipe connected to its outlet end; the feed pipe has a gate valve electrically connected to the controller near its head, and its end is connected to the microwave extraction mechanism 4. A negative pressure suction pipe is also connected to the side wall of the feed pipe near its end; the suction pipe has an ultrafine filter at its head and a suction pump electrically connected to the controller at its end. During the transfer of the down sample, the controller intermittently controls the suction pump to create a negative pressure channel inside the feed pipe. Simultaneously, the gate valve is opened, allowing the down to be drawn more quickly from the feed pipe of the sample dispersion mechanism 3 under the negative pressure, and then into the microwave extraction mechanism 4. During this process, the ultrafine filter and the suction pump work together to effectively prevent the down from being sucked out by the negative pressure. Furthermore, the negative pressure sample transfer design ensures that the sample is completely transferred into the microwave extraction mechanism 4, thereby improving the overall detection accuracy.

[0038] Example 4: The difference from Example 1 is that the drying and weighing mechanism 5 includes a drying chamber 52 with an oxygen concentration sensor 51. A sealing cover 521 is detachably mounted on the top of the drying chamber 52. One side of the drying chamber has an inlet pipe 522 connected to the outlet of the microwave extraction mechanism 4, and the other side has an exhaust port with a solenoid valve C. The exhaust port is connected to a condensation recovery unit 53. A micro-weighing module 54 is fixedly mounted in the middle of the sealing cover 521. The weighing rod of the weighing module 54 extends vertically downwards into the chamber, and a quartz glass sample container 55 is suspended at its end. One side of the sample container 55 engages with the end of the inlet pipe 522, and the other side engages with the condensation recovery unit 53. The drying chamber 52 is equipped with a lifting mechanism. The L-shaped purge tube 56 of the lifting module 56 has a microporous diffuser head 57 at the end of the horizontal section, and the vertical section passes through the sealed cover 521 and is connected to a nitrogen cylinder 58 with a gas pretreatment module 581. The height of the microporous diffuser head 57 is adjusted by the lifting module 561 so that it can be immersed in the solution in the sample container 55. The gas pretreatment module 581 includes a precision filter, a PID temperature-controlled heater and a dew point monitor connected in sequence. The drain port of the condensation recovery unit 53 is connected to a solvent recovery container. The controller 1 is electrically connected to the oxygen concentration sensor 51, the gas pretreatment module 581, the condensation recovery unit 53, the micro-weighing module 54 and the lifting module 561 respectively. The top cover 521 is sealed during use. During use, the solvent-containing oil sample extracted by microwave is injected through the feed pipe 522 into the suspended quartz glass sample container 55 inside the drying chamber 52. The controller 1 monitors the oxygen content inside the chamber via the oxygen concentration sensor 51. If the oxygen content exceeds the standard, dry nitrogen is automatically introduced for replacement, ensuring a nitrogen-rich and safe environment. After the environment maintains a safe value, the controller 1 controls the lifting module 561, which drives the L-shaped purge pipe 56 to adjust its height, immersing the microporous diffuser head 57 into the liquid surface. At this time, warm nitrogen gas passes through the solution in the form of microbubbles, efficiently carrying out solvent vapor. The heating temperature of the nitrogen gas is 50-65°C. The vapor enters the condensation and recovery unit 53 through the exhaust port, condenses, and flows into the solvent recovery container. The micro-weighing module 54 monitors the sample mass in real time. When the mass change is less than 0.01 kJ / kg for 60 consecutive seconds... When the temperature reaches mg, drying is considered complete and the net weight of the oil is recorded; Controller 1 calculates the residual oil rate using the mass difference method; oxygen concentration monitoring and nitrogen protection completely eliminate the risk of combustion and explosion; low-temperature warm nitrogen combined with microporous diffusion improves evaporation efficiency and avoids thermal decomposition of oil; solvent is recyclable, making it environmentally friendly and energy-saving; the overall automation level is high, and the drying time is only 10-15 minutes, significantly improving analytical efficiency and accuracy.

[0039] The condensation recovery unit 53 includes a condenser pipe 531, which is fixedly installed outside the drying chamber 52. The condenser pipe 531 has an inlet connected to an outlet, and the condensate outlet is connected to a solvent recovery tank 532 with a pressure relief valve. The inlet of the condenser pipe 531 is directly connected to the outlet of the drying chamber 52 to receive nitrogen tail gas carrying solvent vapor. The condenser pipe 531 is connected to the factory's existing circulating cooling water system, utilizing low-temperature circulating water for efficient condensation of the vapor inside the pipe, eliminating the need for additional refrigeration equipment and reducing energy consumption and costs. The condensed liquid solvent flows out from the condensate outlet and into the sealed solvent recovery tank 532 with a pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valve automatically releases pressure when the pressure inside the tank abnormally increases, ensuring safe system operation and preventing air backflow to maintain an inert environment, thus ensuring operational safety while improving environmental friendliness and operational economy.

[0040] The lifting module 561 is electrically connected to the rotating motor of the controller 1. The rotating motor is fixed on the top surface of the sealed cover 521, and its rotating shaft passes through the sealed cover 521 and is connected to a lead screw. A nut is threaded onto the lead screw. The nut is connected to the L-shaped purge tube 56 through a connecting block. In use, the controller 1 precisely adjusts the start and stop of the rotating motor according to a preset program or real-time feedback signal. The rotating motor drives the lead screw to rotate, causing the nut to move along the lead screw, and at the same time, it drives the L-shaped purge tube 56 to rise and fall as a whole, so that the microporous diffuser head 57 at the end of the horizontal section can be accurately immersed in the solution, ensuring stable operation of the purge tube and flexible operation.

[0041] The upper section of the L-shaped purge pipe 56 is connected to a threaded pipe, which extends outward through the drying chamber 52 and connects to the nitrogen cylinder 58. When the lifting module 561 moves the L-shaped purge pipe 56 up and down, the threaded pipe compensates for the displacement through its own axial expansion and contraction, ensuring that the wall-penetrating connection always maintains a static seal, eliminating the need for a dynamic sealing structure. This design effectively prevents nitrogen leakage or air infiltration, ensures a stable inert environment within the drying chamber 52, and avoids stress on the pipeline, simplifies the structure, improves sealing reliability, and enhances system durability.

[0042] Numerous specific details are set forth in this specification. However, it will be understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for detecting down composition and residual fat content, characterized in that: The system includes a controller (1), a component detection mechanism (2), a sample dispersion mechanism (3), a microwave extraction mechanism (4), and a drying and weighing mechanism (5). The sample dispersion mechanism (3) includes a sample chamber (31) and a dispersion chamber (32). The sample chamber (31) is a cylindrical container with a lid. A micro electromagnetic vibrator (311) is fixed in the middle of the bottom. The top surface of the micro electromagnetic vibrator (311) is provided with an inclined surface (312). The end of the inclined surface (312) is connected to the discharge port, which is connected to the dispersion chamber (32). The dispersion chamber (32) is a transparent cavity. It has an air outlet (321) on the side near the top surface and a bottom surface with... The telescopic rod A (322) and the air inlet (323) with solenoid valve A are provided. The top surface of the telescopic rod A (322) is also provided with a grid sieve plate (324) at an inclination. After the grid sieve plate (324) is retracted, the outlet connected to the sample recovery mechanism is provided on the cavity above it. The outlet is connected to the microwave extraction mechanism (4). The microwave extraction mechanism (4) is connected to the drying and weighing mechanism (5). The component detection mechanism (2) is connected to the dispersion chamber (32). The controller (1) is connected to the micro electromagnetic vibrator (311), the telescopic rod A (322), the solenoid valve A, the microwave extraction mechanism (4), and the drying and weighing mechanism (5) respectively.

2. The down composition and residual fat rate detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The dispersion chamber (32) is provided with a connecting ring (325) at the top; the component detection mechanism (2) includes a mounting shell (21), a fixed sleeve (22), a movable sleeve (23), and a ring coaxial light source (24); the mounting shell (21) is provided with a limiting ring (25) that matches the connecting ring (325) on the outer side near the bottom, and a pair of telescopic rods B (26) are symmetrically provided on the top of the inner side, with the fixed sleeve (22) installed in the middle. The top of the fixed sleeve (22) passes through the mounting shell (21), and a wire interface (211) and a heat dissipation hole (212) are embedded on the top surface. The movable ends of the two telescopic rods B (26) are... A movable plate (261) is fixedly connected to the end; the top of the movable sleeve (23) is movably fitted inside the fixed sleeve (22), the middle and lower ends pass through the movable plate (261) and are fixedly connected to it, and the front end of the movable sleeve (23) is provided with an optical imaging unit (27), which is connected to the wire interface (211) through a spring wire; the annular coaxial light source (24) is fitted on the outer periphery of the movable sleeve (23), and its top surface is fixedly installed on the movable plate (261); the controller (1) is electrically connected to the annular coaxial light source (24), the telescopic rod B (26) and the optical imaging unit (27) respectively.

3. The down composition and residual fat rate detection device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting ring (325) and the mounting shell (21) are respectively provided with external threads on their outer circumferences; the limiting ring (25) is provided with internal threads on its inner circumferences, and the limiting ring (25) is connected to the connecting ring (325) and the mounting shell (21) by threaded engagement.

4. A down composition and residual fat rate detection device as described in any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that: The optical imaging unit (27) includes an industrial camera, a fixed-focus objective lens and a narrow-band filter; the industrial camera is fixedly installed at the front end of the movable sleeve (23), and the plane of the photosensitive chip inside it is precisely adjusted to be perpendicular to the axis of the movable sleeve (23); the fixed-focus objective lens is mounted on the optical interface at the front end of the industrial camera, so that the relative distance between the objective lens and the photosensitive chip remains unchanged. The narrowband filter is embedded in the rear end of the fixed-focus objective lens and is located in the optical path between the fixed-focus objective lens and the industrial camera. Its passband center wavelength matches the emission peak wavelength of the ring coaxial light source (24) to filter out stray background light before the light enters the objective lens, thereby ensuring the purity of the imaging spectrum.

5. The down composition and residual fat rate detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave extraction mechanism (4) includes a microwave reaction chamber (41), an extraction tank (42), a metering pump (43), and a solvent tank (44); the microwave reaction chamber (41) is a stainless steel shielded cavity, with a detachable top cover (411) and a through hole with a silicone ring at the bottom. The inner wall is coated with an anti-corrosion coating, and a waveguide (412) is installed on one side of the top. An infrared temperature sensor (413) is also installed on the side. A magnetron (414) is installed at one end of the waveguide (412), and a mode stirrer (415) is installed at the other end; the extraction tank (42) is detachably installed in the microwave reaction chamber (411). Inside, the bottom is provided with a liquid outlet with a solenoid valve B. The liquid outlet extends downward through the through hole to the feed inlet of the drying weighing mechanism (5). The feed inlet and liquid inlet provided at the top extend upward through the top cover (411). The metering pump (43) and the solvent tank (44) are respectively located next to the microwave reaction chamber (41). The inlet and outlet of the metering pump (43) are respectively connected to the solvent tank (44) and the liquid inlet through a hose. The controller (1) is electrically connected to the infrared temperature sensor (413), the magnetron (414), the mode stirrer (415), the solenoid valve B and the metering pump (43).

6. The down composition and residual fat rate detection device as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the cover (411) and the bottom of the microwave reaction cavity (41) are respectively provided with microwave isolation cavities (45), and flexible microwave absorbing material is laid in the microwave isolation cavity (45).

7. The down composition and residual fat rate detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drying and weighing mechanism (5) includes a drying chamber (52) with an oxygen concentration sensor (51). The top of the drying chamber (52) is detachably equipped with a sealing cover (521). One side of the drying chamber is equipped with an inlet pipe (522) connected to the liquid outlet of the microwave extraction mechanism (4), and the other side is equipped with an exhaust port with a solenoid valve C. The exhaust port is connected to a condensation recovery unit (53). A micro-weighing module (54) is fixedly installed in the middle of the sealing cover (521). The weighing rod of the weighing module (54) extends vertically downward into the chamber, and a quartz glass sample container (55) is suspended at the end. One side of the sample container (55) is engaged with the end of the inlet pipe (522), and the other side is engaged with the condensation recovery unit (53). The drying chamber (52) is equipped with an L-shaped structure with a lifting module (561). The purge tube (56) has a microporous diffuser (57) at the end of the horizontal section, and the vertical section passes through the sealed top cover (521) and is connected to a nitrogen cylinder (58) with a gas pretreatment module (581) externally. The height of the microporous diffuser (57) is adjusted by the lifting module (561) so that it can be immersed in the solution in the sample container (55). The gas pretreatment module (581) includes a precision filter, a PID temperature control heater and a dew point monitor connected in sequence. The drain port of the condensation recovery unit (53) is connected to a solvent recovery container. The controller (1) is electrically connected to the oxygen concentration sensor (51), the gas pretreatment module (581), the condensation recovery unit (53), the micro-weighing module (54) and the lifting module (561) respectively.

8. The down composition and residual fat rate detection device as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The condensation recovery unit (53) includes a condenser tube (531), which is fixedly installed outside the drying chamber (52), and the air inlet is connected to the exhaust port, and the condensate outlet is connected to a solvent recovery tank (532) with a pressure relief valve.

9. The down composition and residual fat rate detection device as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The lifting module (561) uses a rotating motor that is electrically connected to the controller (1). The rotating motor is fixed on the top surface of the sealed cover (521). Its rotating shaft passes through the sealed cover (521) and is connected to a lead screw. A nut is threaded onto the lead screw. The nut is connected to an L-shaped purge pipe (56) through a connecting block.

10. A device for detecting down composition and residual fat content as described in any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that: The upper section of the L-shaped purge tube (56) is connected to a threaded tube, which extends outward through the drying chamber (52) and connects to a nitrogen cylinder (58).

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