Permanent magnet-electromagnetic hybrid traction suspension guidance three-in-one magnetic suspension system

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid's traction suspension guide three-in-one's magnetic suspension system, including track beam, vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array, track electromagnet coil, vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array is fixed to the bottom of vehicle suspension frame;Track electromagnet coil is correspondingly arranged on the upper surface of track beam, and is oppositely arranged with vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array.The system relies on the repulsion between the constant magnetic field generated by vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array and the controlled electromagnetic field generated by track electromagnet coil after energization, while realizing the non-contact suspension, guidance and traction of vehicle.The present application solves the problems of existing magnetic levitation system, such as complex structure, difficult control, high energy consumption and poor compatibility with existing infrastructure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of maglev transportation technology, and more specifically, to a permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid maglev system that integrates levitation, guidance, and traction functions. Background Technology

[0002] Maglev technology, as an important branch of modern rail transit, has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its advantages such as low friction, high speed, and low energy consumption. Currently, commercially available maglev systems mainly include conventional maglev and superconducting maglev. Conventional maglev systems (such as medium-low speed maglev and high-speed maglev) typically employ a track-hugging structure, with levitation electromagnets arranged below the track and an independent traction system. This results in a complex system structure, high control difficulty, and the need for newly constructed dedicated tracks (such as F-type tracks), leading to high costs and incompatibility with existing railway infrastructure. While superconducting maglev systems can achieve high-speed operation, they rely on low-temperature superconducting materials, resulting in high system cooling energy consumption and maintenance costs. They also require dedicated tracks, limiting their large-scale application.

[0003] Furthermore, while existing permanent magnet levitation systems utilize the constant magnetic field generated by permanent magnets to achieve levitation and reduce energy consumption, they often lack an effective integrated design for guidance and traction, resulting in poor vehicle stability. This necessitates the addition of mechanical guide wheels or independent traction devices, increasing system complexity and cost. For example, some permanent magnet levitation solutions rely on passive permanent magnet force for lateral guidance, resulting in insufficient control precision, while requiring the integration of linear motors for traction, leading to a large overall system size and low efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, how to design a highly integrated maglev system that is compact, cost-controllable, relatively simple to control, and compatible with existing railway infrastructure is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention proposes a hybrid permanent magnet and electromagnetic traction, levitation, and guidance magnetic levitation system, aiming to solve the problems of complex structure, high control difficulty, high energy consumption, and poor compatibility with existing infrastructure in existing magnetic levitation systems. This invention integrates the levitation, guidance, and traction functions of a train into a unified magnetic field system through an innovative hybrid arrangement of permanent magnets and electromagnets and a "track-enclosed car" type track beam structure. It utilizes the repulsive interaction between the constant magnetic field generated by the onboard permanent magnets (or permanent magnet arrays) and the controlled electromagnetic field generated by the ground electromagnet coils; the repulsive component generates the vehicle's levitation, guidance, and traction functions, achieving efficient, stable, and low-cost vehicle operation.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention to solve the above problems is: a magnetic levitation system integrating permanent magnet and electromagnetic hybrid traction, suspension, and guidance, characterized in that it includes a track beam, a vehicle, onboard permanent magnets, and track electromagnet coils; the onboard permanent magnets are arranged longitudinally at intervals along both sides of the bottom of the vehicle suspension frame, forming an onboard permanent magnet array; the track electromagnet coils are correspondingly arranged on the track beam and opposite to the onboard permanent magnet array, and the track electromagnet coils are continuously arranged. The system relies on the constant magnetic field generated by the onboard permanent magnet array, and the magnets macroscopically exhibit N and S poles.

[0007] Furthermore, the on-board permanent magnet array can adopt a Halbach array structure to enhance the effective magnetic field strength facing the track side.

[0008] Furthermore, the track electromagnets are arranged longitudinally in a regular pattern and are powered by DC. According to the position of the on-board magnet, the electromagnet switch at the corresponding position can be turned on. When the power is turned on, the electromagnet generates magnetic force and includes N pole and S pole.

[0009] Furthermore, the on-board permanent magnet array and the track electromagnet coil maintain a spatial correspondence of the same poles (not considering a small amount of misalignment), and macroscopically exhibit a repulsive force.

[0010] Furthermore, there is a slight misalignment between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet and the track magnet in the forward direction. If a traction force is applied, the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet and the track magnet will be misaligned further back and forth, creating a tendency for the ground magnet to push the vehicle-mounted magnet. At this time, the system maintains multiple sets of magnets corresponding to each other, ensuring the system's pushing capability.

[0011] Furthermore, the track electromagnet coil includes multiple independently controlled coil units along the track direction. By controlling the energizing sequence of each coil unit, the electromagnets at different positions are turned on, realizing the state of mutual misalignment between the ground magnet and the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet, thereby achieving continuous traction and propelling the vehicle.

[0012] Furthermore, the magnetic pole arrangement direction in the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array and the track electromagnet coil forms a preset angle with the horizontal direction, so that the generated repulsive force has load components in both the horizontal and vertical directions, generating a lateral component pointing towards the center line of the track, enhancing the vehicle's automatic centering capability and guiding stability, while the vertical component generates vehicle levitation.

[0013] Furthermore, the on-board permanent magnet and the track magnet are misaligned in the angular direction, and the on-board permanent magnet and the track electromagnet coil are slightly misaligned. This ensures that during the lateral movement of the vehicle, the lateral force component generated by the repulsive force increases on one side and decreases on the other side, thus achieving automatic vehicle recovery.

[0014] Furthermore, the magnetic levitation system also includes a support skid set at the bottom of the vehicle, which is used to contact the track when the vehicle is not levitated or the levitation force is insufficient, so as to achieve emergency support and sliding. The sliding track can be a railway rail system.

[0015] Furthermore, the system employs at least one of the following methods during braking: (1) Cut off or reduce the current of the track electromagnet coil to reduce the vehicle's levitation force and land on the support skid, and brake by friction between the skid and the track; (2) Control the current of the track electromagnet coil to reverse, so as to generate an electromagnetic thrust opposite to the direction of travel for braking.

[0016] Furthermore, the vehicle is connected to the on-board permanent magnet array via a spring-damping element. The spring-damping element includes a steel spring with vertical stiffness, or an air spring with both vertical and lateral stiffness.

[0017] Furthermore, the track beam adopts an "I"-shaped cross-section, which allows for compatibility with existing steel rail railways. The line can accommodate both conventional railway vehicles and maglev trains.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. High integration: Through a set of permanent magnet and electromagnetic hybrid magnetic field system, the three core functions of levitation, guidance and traction are realized at the same time, which greatly simplifies the system structure and reduces manufacturing costs and control complexity.

[0019] 2. Low energy consumption and low cost: Utilizing permanent magnets to provide the main levitation force, with electromagnets used only for control and traction, significantly reduces the system's operating energy consumption. Furthermore, its structural design can be adapted to existing railway rails, eliminating the need for constructing entirely new dedicated tracks, resulting in substantial cost advantages and application potential.

[0020] 3. Simple control and stable operation: The arrangement of permanent magnets and the staggered arrangement of magnetic poles in the included direction ensure fast response and enhance the lateral stability of the system. 4. Traction is achieved by controlling the energizing sequence of the electromagnet, and the control logic is clear.

[0021] 5. High reliability and safety: The combination of the support skid and redundant braking methods ensures the safety of the system in case of failure or emergency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic levitation system structure proposed in this invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram showing the coupling between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array of the present invention and an electromagnet when the array is a Halbach array. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the coupling between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array of the present invention and an electromagnet when the permanent magnet array is a permanent magnet with a yoke.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle guidance process of the present invention.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Track beam, 2. Vehicle, 3. Track electromagnet coil, 4. Support skid, 5. Onboard permanent magnet array, 6. Spring damping element, 7. Suspension frame. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention.

[0026] Example 1 See Figures 1-4 This invention proposes a magnetic levitation system that combines permanent magnet and electromagnetic hybrid traction, suspension and guidance, which mainly includes a track beam 1, a vehicle 2, an on-board permanent magnet array 5 and a track electromagnet coil 3.

[0027] Specifically, the installation arrangement of the track beam 1, vehicle 2, on-board permanent magnet array 5, and track electromagnet coil 3 is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array 5 is installed on both sides of the bottom of the vehicle, arranged in a straight line parallel to the center line of the vehicle, with the N pole on the outside and the S pole on the inside. The track electromagnet pole coils are installed on both sides of the track, arranged in a straight line parallel to the center line of the track. Each group of electromagnet poles includes multiple coil units that are independently controlled along the track direction. By controlling the energizing sequence of each coil unit, the electromagnets at different positions are turned on, realizing the state of mutual misalignment between the ground magnet and the vehicle-mounted magnet, thereby achieving a continuous traction state and propelling the vehicle.

[0028] Specifically, see Figure 2 and Figure 3The vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array 5 is fixed to both sides of the bottom of the suspension frame 7 below the vehicle 2. To enhance the magnetic field strength on one side and improve energy utilization efficiency, in this embodiment, the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array 5 preferably adopts a Halbach array structure. Through a specific arrangement of permanent magnet blocks, the magnetic field is strengthened on the side facing the track beam 1 and weakened on the side facing away from the track beam 1, such as... Figure 2 As shown. Alternatively, a conventional array of permanent magnet structures with yokes can also be used, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0029] Specifically, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The track electromagnet coil 3 is correspondingly arranged on the upper surface of the track beam 1. The track electromagnet coil 3 is opposite to the on-board permanent magnet array 5, and the magnetic pole arrangement directions of the on-board permanent magnet array and the track electromagnet coil form a preset angle with the horizontal direction, so that the generated repulsive force has load components in both the horizontal and vertical directions, producing a lateral component force pointing towards the track centerline. This arrangement is key to achieving the guiding function, automatically generating a restoring force when the vehicle deviates laterally, ensuring the vehicle always tends to run towards the track centerline. The track electromagnet coil 3 can employ concentrated windings or distributed windings, and can be independently energized according to control requirements.

[0030] Specifically, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the vehicle 2 is provided with a support skid 4, which serves as a safety redundancy component. This skid contacts the track when the vehicle is not levitated or has insufficient levitation force, providing emergency support and gliding. When the system is not activated, levitation force is insufficient, or a malfunction occurs, the support skid 4 contacts the track beam 1, supporting the vehicle body and allowing for low-friction gliding or emergency braking, preventing direct rigid collision between the vehicle body and the track, thus improving system safety.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the suspension frame 7 of the vehicle 2 is connected to the vehicle body 22 via a spring damping element 6. Specifically, the spring damping element 6 is an air spring with both vertical and lateral stiffness to effectively attenuate vibrations during vehicle operation and improve ride comfort. In other embodiments, steel springs with both vertical stiffness and damping can also be selected depending on cost and requirements.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the track beam 1 has a straight cross-section, which allows for compatibility with existing steel rail railways. The line can accommodate both conventional railway vehicles and maglev trains.

[0033] The working principle of this system is as follows: Suspension and Guidance: The onboard permanent magnet array 5 generates a strong, constant magnetic field, forming a closed magnetic circuit with the track electromagnet coil 3. Based on the principle of minimum magnetic reluctance, sufficient vertical repulsive force is generated between the onboard permanent magnet array 5 and the track electromagnet coil 3, effectively counteracting the vehicle's gravity and achieving stable levitation. Figure 4 As shown, when a current in the appropriate direction is applied to the track electromagnet coil 3, an electromagnetic field with the same polarity as the permanent magnetic field is generated, resulting in a strong repulsive force between the two. Vertically, the repulsive force between the onboard permanent magnet array 5 and the upper surface track electromagnet coil 3 (such as...) Figure 2 , 3 (As shown) To overcome the gravity of vehicle 2 and achieve levitation, the levitation working gap Δδ is preferably controlled between 3-10mm, with the optimal working gap being 3-6mm. The smaller the working gap, the greater the levitation force under the same magnetic field strength, and the stronger the vehicle's load-bearing capacity.

[0034] For the horizontal direction, such as Figures 2-3 As shown, the magnetic pole arrangement direction in the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array 5 and the electromagnet coil on the track surface form a preset angle with the horizontal direction. This generates a vertical repulsive force while also naturally producing a lateral force pointing towards the track centerline, further enhancing the system's automatic centering and guiding capabilities. When the vehicle deviates, it can automatically generate a restoring force. When vehicle 2 deviates from the track centerline, the repulsive force increases on the side closer to the centerline and decreases on the side farther away, thus automatically generating a restoring force pointing towards the center. For example, as... Figure 4 In the scenario shown, when the vehicle veers to the left, the repulsive force on the left increases and the repulsive force on the right decreases, causing the traveling mechanism to move to the left, thus achieving passive guidance.

[0035] Traction: such as Figure 1 As shown, this is achieved by precisely controlling the energizing sequence of the track electromagnet coil 3. The track electromagnet coil includes multiple sets of independent coils arranged on the upper surface of the track beam 1. By coordinating and controlling the current direction and timing of each coil, the continuous switching of the magnetic field polarity is achieved. This alternation of the N and S poles interacts with the polarity of the onboard permanent magnet, thereby generating a continuous forward magnetic thrust.

[0036] Braking: The system has multiple redundant braking modes, and various modes can be combined during braking. During normal deceleration, the current timing of the track electromagnet coil 3 can be controlled to generate a reverse traveling wave magnetic field. This causes the magnetic field of the on-board permanent magnet and the traveling wave magnetic field to work together, creating a tendency to resist longitudinal movement and achieving electromagnetic braking.

[0037] In an emergency, the current to the electromagnet coil can be cut off or reduced to lower the vehicle, allowing the support skid 4 to contact the track beam 1 and brake through friction.

[0038] In this embodiment, the proposed system also supports flexible group operation modes, allowing for independent operation of a single vehicle section or multi-section group operation via mechanical and electrical connections. In practical applications, the system can be implemented with different variations depending on the specific requirements. For example, a double-row permanent magnet array design can be used for heavy-duty applications, while the coil arrangement density and control parameters can be optimized for high-speed operation scenarios.

[0039] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related system fields, are similarly included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnetic levitation system integrating permanent magnet and electromagnetic hybrid traction, suspension, and guidance, characterized in that, include: Vehicle-mounted permanent magnets, including a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array (5) disposed at the bottom of the vehicle suspension frame (7); The track electromagnet coil (3) is disposed on the upper surface of the track beam (1) and corresponds to the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array (5); The system utilizes the repulsive force between the constant magnetic field generated by the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array (5) and the electromagnetic field generated after the track electromagnet coil (3) is energized to achieve the levitation, guidance and traction of the vehicle (2).

2. The magnetic levitation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The on-board permanent magnet array (5) is a Halbach array, used to enhance the magnetic field strength on the side facing the track beam (1).

3. The magnetic levitation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic poles in the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet array (5) and the track electromagnet coil (3) are arranged at a preset angle to the horizontal direction, which is used to generate a lateral guiding force pointing towards the center line of the track while generating a vertical levitation force, so as to realize the levitation and guidance function of the vehicle (2) in operation.

4. The magnetic levitation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track electromagnet coil (3) includes multiple coil units that are independently controlled along the track direction. By controlling the energizing timing and current direction of each coil unit, the polarity distribution of the magnetic field on the track side is changed so as to interact with the constant magnetic field of the on-board permanent magnet array and generate traction or braking force along the track direction, thereby realizing the coupled control of traction, suspension and guidance.

5. The magnetic levitation system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: It also includes a support skid (4) set at the bottom of the vehicle (2) for contacting the track when the vehicle (2) is not suspended or the suspension force is insufficient, so as to achieve emergency support and sliding.

6. The magnetic levitation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The braking modes of the system include at least one of the following: Method 1: Cut off or reduce the current of the track electromagnet coil (3) so that the vehicle (2) can land on the support skid (4) for friction braking; Method 2: Change the power supply connection sequence of the track electromagnet coil (3) to change the original forward drive to reverse drive, thereby achieving braking.

7. The magnetic levitation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle (2) is connected to the suspension frame (21) equipped with an on-board permanent magnet array via a spring damping element (6).

8. The magnetic levitation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spring damping element (6) is an air spring or a steel spring.

9. The magnetic levitation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suspension gap of the vehicle (2) when it is suspended is 3-10mm.

10. The magnetic levitation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track beam (1) has a straight cross-section to ensure compatibility with existing rail railways.

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