A mobile energy storage system with hybrid power buffering and hierarchical black start function, a control method, equipment and medium thereof

Abstract

This application relates to the field of mobile energy storage system control technology, specifically to a mobile energy storage system with hybrid power buffering and graded black start functions, and its control method, equipment, and medium. The mobile energy storage system includes a main energy storage unit with lithium iron phosphate battery clusters connected to a DC bus via a contactor, a hybrid power buffer unit containing a supercapacitor module and an isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter, and a combiner control cabinet integrating a defense control center containing an auxiliary energy module and an emergency power replenishment interface. The control method includes activating the auxiliary energy to power the control unit; charging the supercapacitor by the auxiliary energy when the bus loses power and the supercapacitor is depleted; outputting a test pulse to diagnose short circuits; closing the contactor with zero differential voltage after boosting and pre-charging the bus; coordinating output during load transients; and replenishing the supercapacitor and auxiliary energy by the main battery during steady state. This application can achieve full-process autonomous black start and adaptive power buffering in off-grid environments, improving system survivability and battery life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of mobile energy storage system control technology, specifically to a mobile energy storage system with hybrid power buffering and graded black start functions, and its control method, equipment and medium. Background Technology

[0002] Mobile energy storage systems are widely used in off-grid scenarios such as emergency charging for construction machinery, emergency power supply in the field, and power supply for critical loads. With the rapid popularization of new energy equipment, higher requirements are being placed on the reliability, environmental adaptability, and instantaneous power response capabilities of mobile energy storage power supply equipment. Currently, mobile energy storage products are developing towards higher energy density, higher power density, and higher safety, which places more stringent requirements on the all-condition adaptability of energy storage systems and the lifespan management of key components.

[0003] In existing technologies, some mobile energy storage systems are equipped with auxiliary power modules to maintain standby power supply for the battery management system when the system is in hibernation, or to temporarily wake up the control unit via an external low-voltage power supply. Other mobile energy storage systems employ a hybrid energy storage architecture of lithium batteries and supercapacitors, using bidirectional DC / DC converters for power distribution during control to mitigate current surges during load switching. Furthermore, some mobile energy storage systems incorporate a pre-charge circuit, which, through a pre-charge resistor and software logic, charges the bus capacitor before the high-voltage contactor closes to prevent inrush current.

[0004] However, existing mobile energy storage systems still have the following shortcomings: In outdoor environments without mains power, if the lithium iron phosphate battery clusters are left undisturbed for a long time or over-discharged, causing the voltage to fall below the undervoltage protection threshold, the battery management system will forcibly disconnect the high-voltage contactor and enter a deep sleep state. At this time, the main energy storage unit cannot output energy, the system's high-voltage DC bus is completely de-energized, and the control unit cannot execute any pre-charge logic due to power loss, causing the system to "paralyze" and unable to recover. When charging high-power loads (such as electric heavy trucks), the high current change rate generated by the load connection exceeds the electrochemical response capability of lithium iron phosphate batteries. Frequent fast charging surges will accelerate battery life degradation, and conventional hybrid energy storage control strategies do not dynamically adjust power distribution according to the real-time status of the battery, making it difficult to provide consistent protection throughout the entire life cycle. In addition, the existing auxiliary power supply architecture is usually only used for data retention and is not linked with the high-voltage energy reconstruction circuit. When the system is completely de-energized, it cannot independently complete the pre-charge reconstruction of the high-voltage bus. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems of existing mobile energy storage systems that fail to recover from battery undervoltage dormancy in off-grid environments, suffer severe damage to battery life from high-power fast charging current surges, and whose auxiliary power supply is only used for data retention and cannot independently complete high-voltage bus reconfiguration, this application provides a mobile energy storage system with hybrid power buffering and tiered black start functions, as well as its control method, equipment, and medium. By adopting a hybrid power buffering architecture integrating auxiliary energy modules and supercapacitors and a tiered black start control method, it can achieve full-process autonomous wake-up, bus reconfiguration, and grid-connected reactivation without relying on the main battery energy. It can also adaptively suppress current surges based on battery status to extend battery life and form an energy self-sustaining closed loop.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a mobile energy storage system with hybrid power buffering and graded black start functions, including a main energy storage unit, a hybrid power buffering unit and a combiner control cabinet; The main energy storage unit consists of several lithium iron phosphate battery clusters, which are connected to the high-voltage DC bus via a high-voltage contactor. The hybrid power buffer unit includes a supercapacitor module and at least one isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter. The supercapacitor module is electrically connected to the low-voltage side of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter, and the high-voltage side of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter is connected to the high-voltage DC bus. The combiner control cabinet integrates an active safety defense control center, which includes an auxiliary energy module. The auxiliary energy module is used to provide independent operating power for the high-voltage contactor and the bidirectional DC / DC converter. The combiner control cabinet is equipped with an external emergency power supply interface, which is connected to the input terminal of the auxiliary energy module. The combiner control cabinet panel is equipped with a black start module, which is connected in series in the physical hard wake-up circuit of the auxiliary energy module to directly activate the auxiliary energy module.

[0007] It should be further noted that the black start module is selected from at least one of the following: knob, button, key switch, and toggle switch.

[0008] It should be further noted that the supercapacitor module is composed of several low-voltage supercapacitor sub-modules connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0009] It should be further noted that the supercapacitor module is configured such that its control circuit remains on or passively on when its terminal voltage is lower than the minimum operating voltage.

[0010] It should be further noted that the high-voltage side and low-voltage side of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter are electrically isolated.

[0011] It should be further noted that the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter has the ability to start and operate solely by the control power supply connected to its low-voltage side when there is no voltage on the high-voltage DC bus.

[0012] It should be further noted that the lower limit of the input voltage of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter on the supercapacitor module side is no higher than 10% of its rated voltage.

[0013] It should be further noted that the auxiliary energy module is an industrial-grade DC uninterruptible power supply, outputting 24V DC voltage.

[0014] It should be further noted that the input circuit of the external emergency power replenishment interface is equipped with a reverse connection protection device and an overvoltage clamping protection device connected in series.

[0015] It should be further noted that the auxiliary energy module is also used to power the control boards of the battery management system and energy management system configured in the mobile energy storage system.

[0016] It should be further noted that the auxiliary energy module is also used to power the control board of the thermal management system configured in the mobile energy storage system.

[0017] It should be further noted that the thermal management system includes an auxiliary circulation pump, the power input of which is connected to the output of the auxiliary energy module.

[0018] Secondly, this application provides a graded black start and power buffer control method for the aforementioned mobile energy storage system, wherein the initial state of the high-voltage contactor is open, and includes the following steps: S1. In response to external operation, activate the auxiliary energy module to supply power to the high-voltage contactor and bidirectional DC / DC converter; External operations include one of the following: The operation settings are located on the black start module on the combiner control cabinet panel; Connect to an external emergency power supply via an external emergency power replenishment interface; The external emergency power supply is either a battery or a portable DC power supply. S2. Real-time monitoring of the voltage of the high-voltage DC bus and the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module; S3. If the voltage of the high-voltage DC bus is zero and the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module is not lower than the preset first voltage threshold, then proceed to step S4; If the voltage of the high voltage DC bus is zero and the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module is lower than the first voltage threshold, then control the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter to draw power from the auxiliary energy module and charge the supercapacitor module until the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module reaches the first voltage threshold, and then execute step S4. S4. Control the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter to output test energy pulses to the high-voltage DC bus, and determine whether there is a short circuit fault based on the response of the high-voltage DC bus voltage; If there is no short circuit fault, the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter is controlled to boost and precharge the high-voltage DC bus until the voltage difference between the high-voltage DC bus and the terminal voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster is less than the preset second voltage threshold. S5. Control the high-voltage contactor to close, and connect the lithium iron phosphate battery pack to the high-voltage DC bus; S6. Monitor the load current change rate of the high voltage DC bus in real time. When the load current change rate exceeds the current change rate threshold determined based on the real-time status of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster, control the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter and the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to output together. The supercapacitor module responds to the high-frequency transient power demand through the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter, and the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster responds to the low-frequency steady-state power demand. S7. When the mobile energy storage system is in a steady state or idle, control the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to charge the supercapacitor module through the high-voltage DC bus, and further explain that in step S1, the auxiliary energy module is activated by closing the physical hard wake-up circuit of the auxiliary energy module.

[0019] It should be further noted that in step S2, the voltage of the high-voltage DC bus and the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module are monitored by the energy management system.

[0020] It should be further noted that in step S3, the first voltage threshold is 10%-15% of the rated voltage of the supercapacitor module.

[0021] It should be further noted that in step S3, when the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module is lower than the first voltage threshold, the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter is controlled to charge the supercapacitor module in trickle charging mode.

[0022] It should be further explained that in step S4, determining whether a short-circuit fault exists based on the response of the high-voltage DC bus voltage specifically includes: The voltage change of the high-voltage DC bus is monitored during the duration of the test energy pulse. If the voltage change is less than the preset fault judgment threshold, it is determined that there is a short circuit fault.

[0023] It should be further noted that the fault determination threshold is 0.1%-1% of the rated voltage of the high-voltage DC bus.

[0024] It should be further noted that the second voltage threshold is 1%-5% of the terminal voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster.

[0025] It should be further noted that in step S5, the high-voltage contactor is closed by the battery management system.

[0026] It should be further noted that in step S6, the current change rate threshold... The methods for determining this include: Obtain the real-time temperature of lithium iron phosphate battery clusters and health status ; Based on real-time temperature and health status Calculate the threshold for the rate of change of current. ; Among them, real-time temperature Under unchanged conditions, health status The smaller the value, the higher the corresponding current change rate threshold. The smaller; health status Unchanged, and real-time temperature Below the preset standard temperature threshold In the case of real-time temperature The smaller the value, the higher the corresponding current change rate threshold. The smaller.

[0027] It should be further noted that the current change rate threshold The calculation formula is:

[0028] in, To be within the standard temperature threshold Down, =Preset reference current change rate at 100% state; Indicates the battery health status, with a value ranging from 0 to 100%; This represents the preset temperature decay coefficient. >0, and satisfy:

[0029] This indicates the minimum allowable operating temperature for the mobile energy storage system.

[0030] It should be further noted that the standard temperature threshold The temperature is 20-25℃.

[0031] It should be further explained that the control of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter and the coordinated output of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster specifically includes: Control the output current of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to increase at a rate not exceeding the current change rate threshold. The transient differential current output of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter is controlled. At any given time, the transient differential current is equal to the difference between the total load current and the actual output current of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster.

[0032] It should be further noted that, in step S7, the conditions for determining whether the mobile energy storage system is in a steady state or idle include: If the absolute value of the load current change rate of the high voltage DC bus is lower than the current change rate threshold within the preset first time window, the mobile energy storage system is determined to be in a steady state. If the load current value of the high-voltage DC bus is lower than the preset no-load current threshold within the preset second time window, the mobile energy storage system is determined to be idle.

[0033] It should be further noted that the first time window is 1-5 seconds; The second time window is 5-30 seconds; The no-load current threshold is 0.5-2A.

[0034] It should be further noted that in step S7, the goal of charging the supercapacitor module is to maintain the state of charge of the supercapacitor module between 90% and 95%.

[0035] It should be further noted that the control logic for steps S6 and S7 is executed by the energy management system.

[0036] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above-described hierarchical black start and power buffer control method.

[0037] Fourthly, this application provides a storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described hierarchical black start and power buffer control method.

[0038] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, this application has the following advantages: 1. This application provides a mobile energy storage system with hybrid power buffering and tiered black start functions. Through the collaborative architecture of the main energy storage unit, the hybrid power buffering unit, and the combiner control cabinet with an integrated active safety defense control center, a complete energy reconfiguration chain is constructed, from the auxiliary energy module, external emergency power replenishment interface to the supercapacitor module, isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter, high-voltage DC bus, and back to the main energy storage unit. This enables the mobile energy storage to autonomously wake up, pre-charge the bus, and reconnect to the grid in a completely power-out state, significantly improving the system's survivability and emergency power supply reliability under extreme off-grid conditions.

[0039] 2. This application, through the configuration of a supercapacitor module and an isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter in a hybrid power buffer unit, enables the supercapacitor module to automatically respond to high-frequency transient power demands and compensate for the differential current when the load current change rate exceeds the real-time withstand capability of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster, while the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster responds to low-frequency steady-state power demands. This solves the problems in the prior art where the instantaneous current surge of a high-power load exceeds the battery's electrochemical response capability and frequent fast-charging impacts accelerate battery life degradation. It achieves full life-cycle adaptive protection for the main energy storage unit without sacrificing the load's dynamic response speed.

[0040] 3. This application integrates an active safety defense control center within the combiner control cabinet, utilizes an auxiliary energy module to provide independent operating power for the high-voltage contactor and bidirectional DC / DC converter, and sets up an external emergency power supply interface connected in parallel to the input of the auxiliary energy module on the combiner control cabinet. This enables the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter to start independently and complete its work when the high-voltage DC bus is completely de-energized, relying on the auxiliary energy module or external emergency power supply. This solves the problem in the prior art that the auxiliary power supply is only used for data retention and cannot be linked with the high-voltage energy reconstruction circuit to complete the bus voltage reconstruction. At the same time, the external emergency power supply interface supports the use of batteries or portable DC power supplies to achieve rapid system rescue, enhancing the fault self-rescue capability and operation and maintenance convenience of mobile energy storage equipment.

[0041] 4. This application provides a hierarchical black start and power buffer control method for the aforementioned mobile energy storage system. This method involves executing a response to external operations to activate the auxiliary energy module to power the control unit, real-time monitoring of the high-voltage DC bus voltage and the supercapacitor module terminal voltage, controlling an isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter to draw power from the auxiliary energy module to charge the supercapacitor module when the bus voltage is zero and the supercapacitor terminal voltage is insufficient, determining a bus short-circuit fault through energy pulse testing, performing boost pre-charging on the bus until the voltage difference with the battery cluster terminal is less than a threshold, and controlling the high-voltage contactor to close at zero differential voltage. This complete timing logic enables the mobile energy storage system to independently complete the entire black start process from system wake-up, fault self-check, bus reconfiguration to high-voltage grid connection without relying on the remaining energy of the main energy storage unit. It fundamentally eliminates the risk of system paralysis due to pre-charge circuit failure and the inability of the high-voltage contactor to close caused by main battery undervoltage lockout.

[0042] 5. This application monitors the load current change rate of the high-voltage DC bus in real time. When the load current change rate exceeds the current change rate threshold determined based on the real-time temperature and health status of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster, it controls the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter and the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to output in coordination. The supercapacitor module responds to the high-frequency transient power demand, and the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster responds to the low-frequency steady-state power demand. This achieves adaptive adjustment of the power distribution threshold according to the real-time battery status, and can still provide optimal current change rate protection for the battery in low-temperature environments and in the later stages of battery aging. This ensures that the battery protection effect of the hybrid energy storage system remains consistent throughout its entire life cycle and over a wide temperature range.

[0043] 6. This application method forms a closed-loop energy self-sustaining mechanism by controlling the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to charge the supercapacitor module and replenish the auxiliary energy module through the high-voltage DC bus when the mobile energy storage system is in steady state or idle. This ensures that the state of charge of the supercapacitor module is maintained within a certain fully charged standby range, while the auxiliary energy module automatically recovers to a fully powered state after each black start or power buffering task, ensuring that the system always has complete black start capability and power buffering capability in the next emergency task. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a mobile energy storage system with hybrid power buffering and graded black start functions in one embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a graded black start and power buffer control method for a mobile energy storage system in one embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the purpose, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments and accompanying drawings will be used to clearly and completely describe the technical solution protected by this application. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] The following will describe in detail the graded black-start and power buffer control method involved in this application. Specific details such as particular system structures and technologies are presented for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application can also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details.

[0050] In the graded black-start and power buffer control method disclosed in this application, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described feature, integral, step, operation, element, and / or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or sets thereof. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof all mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0051] To facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and that the terms "first" and "second" do not necessarily imply that they are different.

[0052] The terms "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" used in this application mean that one or more embodiments of this application include the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this application do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0053] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] The graded black start and power buffer control method provided in this application embodiment is executed by a computer device. Accordingly, the mobile energy storage system with hybrid power buffer and graded black start functions operates in the computer device.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a mobile energy storage system with hybrid power buffering and graded black-start functions in one embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the mobile energy storage system includes a main energy storage unit, a hybrid power buffer unit, and a combiner control cabinet; The main energy storage unit consists of several lithium iron phosphate battery clusters, which are connected to the high-voltage DC bus via a high-voltage contactor. The hybrid power buffer unit includes a supercapacitor module and at least one isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter. The supercapacitor module is electrically connected to the low-voltage side of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter, and the high-voltage side of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter is connected to the high-voltage DC bus. The combiner control cabinet integrates an active safety defense control center, which includes an auxiliary energy module. The auxiliary energy module is used to provide independent operating power for the high-voltage contactor and the bidirectional DC / DC converter. The combiner control cabinet is equipped with an external emergency power supply interface, which is connected to the input terminal of the auxiliary energy module. The combiner control cabinet panel is equipped with a black start module, which is connected in series in the physical hard wake-up circuit of the auxiliary energy module to directly activate the auxiliary energy module.

[0056] By independently setting up a hybrid power buffer unit containing a supercapacitor module and an isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter outside the main energy storage unit, and integrating an active safety defense control hub with an auxiliary energy module and an external emergency power replenishment interface in the combiner control cabinet, the mobile energy storage system forms a complete energy reconfiguration channel from the low-voltage auxiliary power supply domain to the high-voltage DC bus domain. When the main energy storage unit is unable to output energy due to undervoltage hibernation, the auxiliary energy module can independently supply power to the high-voltage contactor and the bidirectional DC / DC converter, and the supercapacitor module can reverse boost the voltage through the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter to establish the bus voltage. This significantly improves the autonomous survivability and emergency power supply reliability of the mobile energy storage system under extreme off-grid conditions.

[0057] In some specific embodiments, the black start module is selected from at least one of a knob, button, key switch, and toggle switch.

[0058] In some specific embodiments, the supercapacitor module is composed of several low-voltage supercapacitor sub-modules connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0059] By configuring the supercapacitor module as a combination of several low-voltage supercapacitor sub-modules connected in series and / or in parallel, the rated voltage and total capacity of the supercapacitor module can be flexibly configured according to the voltage level and power buffering requirements of the mobile energy storage system. At the same time, it supports the use of standardized low-voltage supercapacitor sub-modules for grouping, which reduces the customized development cost and maintenance and replacement difficulty of the supercapacitor module, and enhances the versatility and scalability of the hybrid power buffer unit in mobile energy storage products of different voltage levels.

[0060] In some specific embodiments, the supercapacitor module is configured such that its control loop remains on or passively on when its terminal voltage is lower than the minimum operating voltage.

[0061] By configuring the supercapacitor module so that its control circuit remains on or passively on when its terminal voltage is below the minimum operating voltage, the supercapacitor module differs from the undervoltage forced cut-off characteristic of lithium battery BMS. It maintains a physical path available even when deeply discharged to near zero voltage. The isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter can extract residual energy from the supercapacitor module with extremely low residual voltage or quickly recharge it, maximizing the deep discharge tolerance of the supercapacitor module and ensuring that it still has the basic energy required for black start after long-term idleness.

[0062] In some specific embodiments, the high-voltage side and low-voltage side of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter are electrically isolated.

[0063] By setting the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter to have an electrical isolation architecture between the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side, complete electrical insulation is achieved between the high-voltage DC bus side and the low-voltage side of the supercapacitor module. This effectively blocks the path of high-voltage side faults propagating to the low-voltage control circuit. At the same time, it allows the operating voltage of the supercapacitor module to be selected and designed independently of the high-voltage DC bus voltage level, which significantly improves the electrical safety of the hybrid power buffer unit and the flexibility of system topology configuration.

[0064] In some specific embodiments, the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter has the ability to start and operate solely by the control power supply connected to its low-voltage side when there is no voltage on the high-voltage DC bus.

[0065] By configuring the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter to start and operate solely on the control power supply connected to its low-voltage side when there is no voltage on the high-voltage DC bus, the hybrid power buffer unit can still be independently activated even when the main energy storage unit is completely de-energized and the high-voltage DC bus voltage is zero. The auxiliary energy module only needs to supply power to the control circuit of the DC / DC converter to enable it to enter the working state without relying on any high-voltage side energy. This provides a fundamental prerequisite for the subsequent reconstruction of the high-voltage bus using supercapacitor modules.

[0066] In some specific embodiments, the lower limit of the input voltage operation of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter on the supercapacitor module side is no higher than 10% of its rated voltage.

[0067] By setting the lower limit of the input voltage of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter on the supercapacitor module side to no more than 10% of its rated voltage, the converter can maintain normal boost operation capability even when the supercapacitor module is deeply discharged to near no-load state. This greatly expands the available energy window of the supercapacitor module. Even when the supercapacitor self-discharges to extremely low voltage due to long-term idleness, it can still complete the pre-charging of the high-voltage bus with the remaining residual energy, which significantly enhances the tolerance of the staged black start process to the state of charge of the supercapacitor.

[0068] In some specific embodiments, the auxiliary energy module is an industrial-grade DC uninterruptible power supply that outputs 24V DC voltage.

[0069] By specifically configuring the auxiliary energy module as an industrial-grade DC uninterruptible power supply with a 24V DC output, the active safety defense control center provides a highly reliable independent power supply that meets industrial control standards for all sensors and control units in the mobile energy storage system. The 24V voltage level is consistent with the power supply system of mainstream engineering vehicles and industrial control equipment, and supports the direct use of mature DC-UPS product modules, which reduces the development difficulty and material cost of the auxiliary power supply system, while ensuring the stability and compatibility of the power supply voltage during the black start process.

[0070] In some specific embodiments, the input circuit of the external emergency power replenishment interface is equipped with a reverse connection protection device and an overvoltage clamping protection device connected in series.

[0071] By connecting a reverse connection protection device and an overvoltage clamping protection device in series in the input circuit of the external emergency power supply interface, the combiner control cabinet has hardware-level fault-tolerant protection capability when connected to an external emergency power source. When the operator accidentally reverses the battery polarity or connects to an excessively high voltage, the reverse connection protection device automatically blocks the reverse current, and the overvoltage clamping device clamps the input voltage within a safe range. This effectively avoids damage to the auxiliary energy module and internal control circuit caused by external misoperation, and significantly improves the safety and robustness of the mobile energy storage system when non-professionals carry out emergency rescue in harsh outdoor environments.

[0072] In some specific embodiments, the auxiliary energy module is also used to power the control board of the battery management system and energy management system configured in the mobile energy storage system.

[0073] In some specific embodiments, the auxiliary energy module is also used to power the control board of the thermal management system configured in the mobile energy storage system.

[0074] By incorporating the control board of the thermal management system into the control unit powered by the auxiliary energy module, and centrally powering the control boards of the battery management system, energy management system, and thermal management system from the same auxiliary energy module, the thermal management system can obtain independent operating power before the high-voltage contactor closes during black start. This enables the coolant circulation to be started in advance before the main energy storage unit is connected to the grid, eliminating local hot spots inside the battery pack to meet the closing conditions of the battery management system. At the same time, the unified power supply architecture simplifies the low-voltage power distribution design and improves the power supply integration of the active safety defense control center.

[0075] In some specific embodiments, the thermal management system includes an auxiliary circulation pump, the power input of which is connected to the output of an auxiliary energy module.

[0076] By directly connecting the power input of the auxiliary circulation pump in the thermal management system to the output of the auxiliary energy module, the coolant circulation system can still be independently driven by the auxiliary energy module even when the mobile energy storage system is completely de-energized and the high-voltage DC bus voltage is zero. In the early stage of black start, the coolant flow field inside the battery pack can be established without relying on any high-voltage power supply, effectively avoiding the risk of dry burning caused by blindly starting the high-voltage heater under the lack of circulation conditions. At the same time, by establishing circulation in advance, the local polarization phenomenon caused by long-term static storage of the battery is eliminated, creating better temperature consistency conditions for grid connection of the main energy storage unit.

[0077] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a graded black-start and power buffer control method for a mobile energy storage system according to one embodiment of this application. This method is applied to mobile energy storage systems with hybrid power buffering and graded black-start functions as described in the above embodiments. These mobile energy storage systems belong to the same inventive concept as those described in the above embodiments. Details not fully described in the graded black-start and power buffer control method of the mobile energy storage system can be found in the embodiments of the above-described mobile energy storage systems. The order of steps in this flowchart can be changed, and some steps can be omitted, depending on different requirements.

[0078] When this graded black start and power buffer control method is executed, the initial state of the high-voltage contactor is open; for example... Figure 2 As shown, the graded black start and power buffer control method includes the following steps: Step S1: In response to external operation, activate the auxiliary energy module to supply power to the high-voltage contactor and bidirectional DC / DC converter; External operations include one of the following: The operation settings are located on the black start module on the combiner control cabinet panel; Connect to an external emergency power supply via an external emergency power replenishment interface; The external emergency power supply is either a battery or a portable DC power supply.

[0079] By responding to external operations to activate the auxiliary energy module and supply power to the high-voltage contactor and bidirectional DC / DC converter, the tiered black start process obtains a low-voltage control power supply independent of the main battery energy even when the high-voltage DC bus is completely de-energized and the main energy storage unit is in an undervoltage dormant state. The high-voltage contactor and bidirectional DC / DC converter are thus awakened and enter standby mode. By specifically limiting external operations to operating the black start module set on the combiner control cabinet panel or connecting to a battery or portable DC power supply through an external emergency power replenishment interface, the activation means of the tiered black start process simultaneously cover the built-in physical wake-up mechanism and the external emergency power access method. Operators can directly rotate the panel knob to wake up the system without any external tools, or quickly connect to the emergency power replenishment interface using a rescue vehicle battery or a portable power supply when the battery inside the auxiliary energy module is depleted. This significantly enhances the on-site adaptability and operational flexibility of the mobile energy storage system under different emergency material support conditions.

[0080] In some specific embodiments, the auxiliary power module is activated by closing the physical hard wake-up loop of the auxiliary power module.

[0081] By limiting the activation of the auxiliary energy module to the physical hard wake-up loop of the auxiliary energy module, the initial triggering action of the graded black start process is completely independent of the energy management system software logic, communication bus status, and control unit operation. Even in extreme cases where the system experiences deep hibernation, control software crashes, or communication network is completely interrupted, the operator only needs to mechanically connect the wake-up loop to force the auxiliary energy module to output the working voltage, providing the highest level of determinism for the entire black start process.

[0082] Step S2: Monitor the voltage of the high-voltage DC bus and the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module in real time.

[0083] By monitoring the voltage of the high-voltage DC bus and the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module in real time, the energy management system can accurately grasp the energy status of the high-voltage domain and the hybrid power buffer unit, providing accurate decision-making basis for the selection of subsequent branch paths. This avoids blindly performing voltage boosting operations when the bus already has voltage, or forcibly starting voltage boosting when the supercapacitor terminal voltage is severely insufficient, which would lead to pre-charge failure. This significantly improves the logical rigor and execution success rate of the graded black start process.

[0084] In some specific embodiments, the voltage of the high-voltage DC bus and the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module are monitored by an energy management system.

[0085] By limiting the execution of real-time monitoring of the high-voltage DC bus voltage and the supercapacitor module terminal voltage to the energy management system, the perception and decision-making functions of the system energy state in the staged black start process are centralized in the vehicle-level controller. Based on its global view, the energy management system can simultaneously acquire the real-time electrical parameters of the high-voltage domain and the hybrid power buffer unit, avoiding data inconsistencies or decision conflicts that may be caused by the decentralized monitoring of the battery management system and the DC / DC converter controller. This significantly improves the logical accuracy and response coordination of branch path selection in the staged black start process.

[0086] Step S3: If the voltage of the high-voltage DC bus is zero and the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module is not lower than the preset first voltage threshold, then proceed to step S4. If the voltage of the high-voltage DC bus is zero and the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module is lower than the first voltage threshold, then the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter is controlled to draw power from the auxiliary energy module and charge the supercapacitor module until the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module reaches the first voltage threshold, and then step S4 is executed.

[0087] By performing branch control based on the supercapacitor module terminal voltage when the high-voltage DC bus voltage is zero, the supercapacitor directly enters the boost pre-charge stage when the supercapacitor terminal voltage is not lower than the first voltage threshold, and when the supercapacitor terminal voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold, the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter first draws power from the auxiliary energy module to trickle charge it to the threshold before boosting the voltage. This allows the graded black start process to adapt to different initial states of charge of the supercapacitor module. Even when the supercapacitor is deeply depleted, it can still use the low-voltage replenishment of the auxiliary energy module to complete energy accumulation, ensuring the universality of the black start process for any initial state of the supercapacitor.

[0088] In some specific embodiments, the first voltage threshold is 10%-15% of the rated voltage of the supercapacitor module.

[0089] By specifically limiting the first voltage threshold to 10%-15% of the rated voltage of the supercapacitor module, the threshold value for judging whether the supercapacitor has the ability to directly boost voltage in the graded black start process is in the optimal range that balances energy utilization efficiency and start-up reliability. This threshold is higher than the lower limit of the input operating voltage of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter (10% of the rated voltage) to ensure that the boost process has sufficient power output capability, while avoiding setting it too high, which would cause the supercapacitor to be judged as depleted of power due to slight self-discharge and thus require recharging, prolonging the total black start time. This achieves the best match between black start speed and hardware capability boundary.

[0090] In some specific embodiments, when the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module is lower than a first voltage threshold, the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter is controlled to charge the supercapacitor module in a trickle charging manner.

[0091] By limiting the charging method of the supercapacitor module to trickle charging, the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter can slowly replenish the supercapacitor with a small and constant current when the terminal voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold. This avoids the overload of the auxiliary energy module output or the current surge on the low-voltage side of the converter caused by blindly using large current charging due to the extremely low internal resistance of the supercapacitor after deep discharge. At the same time, the trickle mode allows the limited output power of the auxiliary energy module to continuously accumulate energy for the supercapacitor for a longer period of time until its terminal voltage reaches a level sufficient to support boost pre-charging. This significantly improves the tolerance of the graded black start process to the power supply capacity of the auxiliary energy module.

[0092] Step S4: Control the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter to output test energy pulses to the high-voltage DC bus, and determine whether there is a short circuit fault based on the response of the high-voltage DC bus voltage. If there is no short-circuit fault, the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter is controlled to pre-charge the high-voltage DC bus until the voltage difference between the high-voltage DC bus and the terminal voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster is less than the preset second voltage threshold.

[0093] By controlling the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter to output test energy pulses to the high-voltage DC bus before boosting and charging, and judging whether there is a short circuit fault based on the bus voltage response, the staged black start process can pre-diagnose the bus short circuit fault before investing all the pre-charge energy. This avoids blindly boosting the voltage at high power when there is a metallic short circuit on the bus, which could lead to secondary damage to the equipment or safety accidents. After confirming that there is no short circuit fault, the bus is boosted and pre-charged until the voltage difference with the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster terminal is less than the second voltage threshold. This creates a precise voltage matching condition for the zero-differential closing of the high-voltage contactor, fundamentally eliminating the risk of surge current impact at the moment of contactor closing.

[0094] In some specific embodiments, determining whether a short-circuit fault exists based on the response of the high-voltage DC bus voltage includes: The voltage change of the high-voltage DC bus is monitored during the duration of the test energy pulse. If the voltage change is less than the preset fault judgment threshold, it is determined that there is a short circuit fault.

[0095] By limiting the specific method for determining the existence of a short-circuit fault to monitoring the voltage change of the high-voltage DC bus during the duration of the test energy pulse and comparing this change with a preset fault judgment threshold, the bus short-circuit diagnosis has a clear and quantifiable execution standard. The energy management system only needs to collect the differential response of the bus voltage before and after pulse injection to complete the fault identification, without relying on additional insulation testers or complex impedance measurement circuits. When there is a metallic short circuit between the bus and ground or to the low-voltage circuit, the voltage change approaches zero and is quickly identified, effectively preventing equipment damage and safety risks caused by continuing to perform boost pre-charge under short-circuit conditions.

[0096] In some specific embodiments, the fault determination threshold is 0.1%-1% of the rated voltage of the high-voltage DC bus.

[0097] By specifically limiting the fault judgment threshold to 0.1%-1% of the rated voltage of the high-voltage DC bus, the sensitivity of the bus short-circuit diagnosis is set within the engineering experience range that can reliably distinguish between normal capacitive loads and fault short-circuit states. The upper limit of 1% ensures that even if the bus distributed capacitance is large and the pulse charging slope is flat, the normal pre-charging process will not be misjudged as a short-circuit fault. The lower limit of 0.1% ensures that when a metallic short circuit actually occurs on the bus, the voltage rise is strictly limited within a safe range and can be accurately captured by the monitoring system. This achieves a balanced optimization of short-circuit fault identification sensitivity and anti-false alarm capability.

[0098] In some specific embodiments, the second voltage threshold is 1%-5% of the terminal voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster.

[0099] By specifically limiting the second voltage threshold to 1%-5% of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster terminal voltage, the allowable deviation between the bus pre-charge voltage and the battery terminal voltage before the high-voltage contactor closes is controlled at an extremely low level. After this strict constraint, the surge current generated by the voltage difference between the two sides at the moment the contactor contacts close is reduced to less than 5% of the rated current of the battery cluster. This completely eliminates the risk of excessive surge current caused by the accuracy deviation of the pre-charge resistor or the lag in closing timing in traditional pre-charge schemes. At the same time, this deviation range also takes into account voltage sampling error and pre-charge control hysteresis, ensuring that the zero-difference grid connection logic has sufficient feasibility and robustness in engineering implementation.

[0100] Step S5: Control the high-voltage contactor to close, and connect the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to the high-voltage DC bus.

[0101] By controlling the high-voltage contactor to close when the voltage difference between the high-voltage DC bus and the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster terminal is less than a preset threshold, the main energy storage unit is in a state of basic equipotential with the bus voltage at the moment it is connected to the high-voltage DC bus. When the contactor closes, the voltage difference across the contacts is extremely small, and the inrush current flowing through the contactor is strictly limited to a safe range. This completely avoids permanent damage such as contact welding and adhesion caused by directly closing the high-voltage contactor to connect capacitive loads, and significantly extends the electrical life of the high-voltage contactor and the long-term operational reliability of the system.

[0102] In some specific embodiments, the battery management system controls the closing of the high-voltage contactor.

[0103] By limiting the execution entity for controlling the closing of the high-voltage contactor to the battery management system, the final operational authority for connecting the main energy storage unit to the high-voltage DC bus belongs to the management unit that best understands the electrical state and safety boundaries of the battery cluster. After confirming multiple conditions such as the voltage difference between the high-voltage DC bus and the battery cluster terminal voltage meeting the second voltage threshold, the absence of insulation faults inside the battery cluster, and the temperature being within the allowable closing range, the battery management system executes the contactor closing command. This achieves full-dimensional grid connection permission verification from voltage matching to battery safety status confirmation, significantly improving the safety and consistency of control responsibilities during the main energy storage unit connection process.

[0104] Step S6: Monitor the load current change rate of the high-voltage DC bus in real time. When the load current change rate exceeds the current change rate threshold determined based on the real-time status of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster, control the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter and the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to output in coordination. The supercapacitor module responds to the high-frequency transient power demand through the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter, and the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster responds to the low-frequency steady-state power demand.

[0105] By monitoring the load current change rate of the high-voltage DC bus in real time, and controlling the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter and the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to output in coordination when the load current change rate exceeds the current change rate threshold determined based on the real-time status of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster, the supercapacitor module automatically responds to the high-frequency transient power demand at the moment of load switching, while the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster only undertakes the low-frequency steady-state power output. This strictly limits the current change rate that the lithium battery can withstand to the range that its electrochemical system can tolerate. Without sacrificing the dynamic response speed of the total power at the load end, it achieves fine control of the output stress of the battery cluster, which significantly delays the capacity decay and internal resistance increase caused by frequent fast charging surge impacts.

[0106] In some specific embodiments, the current change rate threshold The methods for determining this include: Obtain the real-time temperature of lithium iron phosphate battery clusters and health status ; Based on real-time temperature and health status Calculate the threshold for the rate of change of current. ; Among them, real-time temperature Under unchanged conditions, health status The smaller the value, the higher the corresponding current change rate threshold. The smaller; health status Unchanged, and real-time temperature Below the preset standard temperature threshold In the case of real-time temperature The smaller the value, the higher the corresponding current change rate threshold. The smaller.

[0107] By limiting the method for determining the current change rate threshold to obtaining the real-time temperature of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster. and health status And calculate the current change rate threshold based on the two. And clearly in When unchanged smaller The smaller, in Unchanging and Below the standard temperature threshold hour smaller The smaller the value, the stronger the power buffer control strategy's limitation on the battery cluster's output stress becomes, creating a negative correlation between the battery's current electrochemical activity and aging level. This allows the battery to automatically achieve a smoother current ramp-up slope when ion migration rates decrease at low temperatures and a more stringent current ramp-up slope when internal resistance increases at the end of its lifespan. Suppression enables refined adaptation of the battery's ability to withstand transient power surges throughout its entire lifecycle.

[0108] In some specific embodiments, the current change rate threshold The calculation formula is:

[0109] in, To be within the standard temperature threshold Down, =Preset reference current change rate at 100% state; Indicates the battery health status, with a value ranging from 0 to 100%; This represents the preset temperature decay coefficient. >0, and satisfy:

[0110] This indicates the minimum allowable operating temperature for the mobile energy storage system.

[0111] By setting the current change rate threshold The calculation formula is limited to being based on standard benchmark values. Health status Real-time temperature Standard temperature threshold and temperature decay coefficient The piecewise linear function is constructed, and the following is defined: The convergence constraints ensure that the allowable current rise rate of the battery cluster is linearly positively correlated with the degree of battery aging and linearly negatively correlated with the depth of low temperature, and the decay amplitude is strictly limited to the non-negative range. This quantitative model not only fully maps the physical law of the increase of electrochemical impedance of lithium iron phosphate battery with decreasing temperature and cyclic aging, but also ensures through mathematical constraints that the threshold still maintains a physically meaningful positive value at the minimum allowable operating temperature. This provides a computationally resource-friendly and physically meaningful engineering algorithm implementation path for embedded control systems.

[0112] In some specific embodiments, the standard temperature threshold The temperature is 20-25℃.

[0113] By standard temperature threshold Specifically limited to 20-25℃, the temperature compensation reference point for the current change rate threshold is set in the middle range of the optimal operating temperature range of lithium iron phosphate batteries. Within this temperature range, the battery can output the reference current rise rate without any derating. When the ambient temperature is below this range, the threshold decreases linearly with the temperature to actively limit battery stress. When the ambient temperature is at or above this range, the threshold maintains the reference value to fully utilize the power capacity of the battery under normal conditions, thus achieving a precise match between the battery's thermodynamic characteristics and electrical stress protection.

[0114] In some specific embodiments, controlling the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter to work in tandem with the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster includes: Control the output current of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to increase at a rate not exceeding the current change rate threshold. The transient differential current output of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter is controlled. At any given time, the transient differential current is equal to the difference between the total load current and the actual output current of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster.

[0115] By limiting the specific method of co-output between the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter and the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to control the output current of the battery cluster to rise at a rate not exceeding the current change rate threshold, and simultaneously controlling the transient differential current output by the converter so that the differential current is equal to the difference between the total load current and the actual output current of the battery cluster at any time, the power buffer control strategy operates in a division of labor mode of battery current ramp-up and supercapacitor instantaneous compensation when the load current changes abruptly. The combined total current obtained at the load end always maintains a fast step response characteristic consistent with the demand command, while the actual current change rate borne by the battery cluster is strictly clamped within the range that its electrochemical system can tolerate. This achieves both decoupling and the benefit of system-level dynamic response speed and battery-level life protection.

[0116] Among them, controlling the output current of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster While increasing the current at a rate not exceeding the current change rate threshold limits the rate of increase of the battery current, the supercapacitor module compensates for the instantaneous current shortfall required by the load in real time. The formula is as follows: ,in The total load current requirement, The transient differential current output by the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter means that the total power response obtained at the external load is not limited by the current change rate threshold and still maintains millisecond-level high dynamic response characteristics.

[0117] Step S7: When the mobile energy storage system is in a steady state or idle, control the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to charge the supercapacitor module through the high-voltage DC bus and replenish the auxiliary energy module.

[0118] By controlling the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to charge the supercapacitor module and replenish the auxiliary energy module through the high-voltage DC bus when the mobile energy storage system is in a steady state or idle, the hybrid power buffer unit and the active safety defense control center can automatically return to full state and standby after each black start task or power buffer event. The supercapacitor module always maintains sufficient power reserves to cope with the next transient power impact or black start demand, and the auxiliary energy module continuously keeps its internal battery fully charged, thus having the ability to independently wake up the system at any time. This forms a complete energy self-sustaining closed loop, ensuring that the mobile energy storage system always maintains complete emergency self-rescue function throughout its entire life cycle.

[0119] In some specific embodiments, the conditions for determining whether a mobile energy storage system is in a steady state or idle include: If the absolute value of the load current change rate of the high voltage DC bus is lower than the current change rate threshold within the preset first time window, the mobile energy storage system is determined to be in a steady state. If the load current value of the high-voltage DC bus is lower than the preset no-load current threshold within the preset second time window, the mobile energy storage system is determined to be idle.

[0120] By specifically defining the criteria for determining whether a mobile energy storage system is in a steady state or idle state as follows: the absolute value of the load current change rate is always lower than the current change rate threshold in the first time window, or the load current value is always lower than the preset no-load current threshold in the second time window, the energy management system can accurately identify whether the system has exited the transient power fluctuation stage or entered a no-load access state based on quantifiable and reproducible electrical characteristics. This avoids frequent start-stop operations of energy replenishment caused by short-term load disturbances or measurement noise, and ensures that the recharge operation of the supercapacitor module and auxiliary energy module is only executed when the system has sufficient redundant power capacity. This significantly improves the stability and energy efficiency of the energy self-sustaining closed-loop control.

[0121] In some specific embodiments, the first time window is 1-5 seconds; The second time window is 5-30 seconds; The no-load current threshold is 0.5-2A.

[0122] By specifically limiting the first time window to 1-5s, the second time window to 5-30s, and the no-load current threshold to 0.5-2A, the criteria parameters for determining the steady-state and idle states of the mobile energy storage system are set within an engineering experience range that balances response timeliness and judgment accuracy. The first time window being less than 5 seconds ensures that the system can quickly switch to the supercapacitor charging state after the power buffering task is completed, avoiding the supercapacitor from being in a low-charge standby state for a long time. The second time window being longer than 5 seconds effectively filters out the false judgment of idleness caused by the temporary disconnection of the load. The no-load current threshold being higher than the zero drift error range of the current sensor ensures that the criteria are absolutely reliable, providing timing and amplitude boundaries with sufficient engineering redundancy for the energy self-sustaining closed-loop logic.

[0123] In some specific embodiments, in step S7, the goal of charging the supercapacitor module is to maintain the state of charge of the supercapacitor module between 90% and 95%.

[0124] By specifically defining the goal of charging the supercapacitor module as maintaining its state of charge between 90% and 95%, the hybrid power buffer unit always has sufficient but not redundant power reserves when the system is in steady state or idle. The lower limit of 90% ensures that the supercapacitor module has sufficient energy output depth when it suddenly encounters load transient impact or emergency black start command, and the upper limit of 95% reserves the charge space for the system to absorb the peak power generated by load switching or braking energy feedback. This achieves the coordinated optimization of three objectives: black start preparation integrity, power buffer response capability, and energy recovery absorption capacity.

[0125] In some specific embodiments, the control logic for steps S6 and S7 is executed by the energy management system.

[0126] By limiting the control logic execution subject of steps S6 and S7 to the energy management system, the two core control functions of power buffer collaborative output and energy self-sustaining replenishment in the mobile energy storage system are unified under the highest-level controller with global state awareness. Based on the multi-dimensional information it simultaneously acquires, such as load current, battery cluster status, supercapacitor state of charge, and high-voltage DC bus voltage, the energy management system can coordinate the execution timing and intensity of the transient power allocation strategy in step S6 and the steady-state energy replenishment strategy in step S7 with consistent optimization goals. This avoids control goal conflicts caused by differences in local perspectives between the battery management system and the DC / DC converter local controller, and significantly improves the consistency of control behavior and overall operating efficiency of the hybrid energy storage system during multi-condition switching.

[0127] This application also provides an electronic device for implementing the various embodiments of this application. Figure 3 To illustrate the hardware structure of an electronic device according to various embodiments of this application, as shown in the following diagram... Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will understand that the electronic device structure involved in the embodiments of this application does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device. The electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0129] In embodiments of this application, electronic devices include, but are not limited to, laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. Electronic devices may also represent various forms of mobile devices and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the embodiments of this application described and / or claimed herein.

[0130] In this application embodiment, the processor can be implemented using at least one of an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Digital Signal Processing Device (DSPD), a processor, a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or an electronic unit designed to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, such implementations can be implemented within a controller. For software implementations, implementations such as processes or functions can be implemented with separate software modules that allow the performance of at least one function or operation. The software code can be implemented by a software application (or program) written in any suitable programming language, and the software code can be stored in memory and executed by the controller.

[0131] In addition, the electronic device includes some functional modules not shown, which will not be described in detail here.

[0132] Those skilled in the art will understand that the various aspects of the electronic device provided in this application can be implemented as a system and its control method or program product. Therefore, the various aspects of this application can be specifically implemented in the following forms: a completely hardware implementation, a completely software implementation (including firmware, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software aspects, which can be collectively referred to herein as a "circuit", "module" or "system".

[0133] This application also provides a storage medium storing a program product capable of implementing the graded black-start and power buffer control method. In some possible implementations, various aspects of this application can also be implemented as a program product comprising program code that, when run on a terminal device, causes the terminal device to perform the steps described in the "Exemplary Methods" section of this specification according to the various exemplary embodiments of this application.

[0134] The storage medium may be any combination of one or more readable media. A readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may be, for example,, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of readable storage media include: electrical connections having one or more wires, portable disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0135] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A mobile energy storage system with hybrid power buffering and graded black start functions, characterized in that, Includes main energy storage unit, hybrid power buffer unit and combiner control cabinet; The main energy storage unit consists of several lithium iron phosphate battery clusters, which are connected to the high-voltage DC bus via a high-voltage contactor. The hybrid power buffer unit includes a supercapacitor module and at least one isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter. The supercapacitor module is electrically connected to the low-voltage side of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter, and the high-voltage side of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter is connected to the high-voltage DC bus. The combiner control cabinet integrates an active safety defense control center, which includes an auxiliary energy module. The auxiliary energy module is used to provide independent operating power for the high-voltage contactor and the bidirectional DC / DC converter. The combiner control cabinet is equipped with an external emergency power supply interface, which is connected to the input terminal of the auxiliary energy module. The combiner control cabinet panel is equipped with a black start module, which is connected in series in the physical hard wake-up circuit of the auxiliary energy module to directly activate the auxiliary energy module.

2. The mobile energy storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary energy module is an industrial-grade DC uninterruptible power supply, outputting 24V DC voltage.

3. A graded black-start and power buffer control method applied to the mobile energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The initial state of the high-voltage contactor is open, which includes the following steps: S1. In response to external operation, activate the auxiliary energy module to supply power to the high-voltage contactor and bidirectional DC / DC converter; External operations include one of the following: The operation settings are located on the black start module on the combiner control cabinet panel; Connect to an external emergency power supply via an external emergency power replenishment interface; The external emergency power supply is either a battery or a portable DC power supply. S2. Real-time monitoring of the voltage of the high-voltage DC bus and the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module; S3. If the voltage of the high-voltage DC bus is zero and the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module is not lower than the preset first voltage threshold, then proceed to step S4; If the voltage of the high voltage DC bus is zero and the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module is lower than the first voltage threshold, then control the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter to draw power from the auxiliary energy module and charge the supercapacitor module until the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor module reaches the first voltage threshold, and then execute step S4. S4. Control the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter to output test energy pulses to the high-voltage DC bus, and determine whether there is a short circuit fault based on the response of the high-voltage DC bus voltage; If there is no short circuit fault, the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter is controlled to boost and precharge the high-voltage DC bus until the voltage difference between the high-voltage DC bus and the terminal voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster is less than the preset second voltage threshold. S5. Control the high-voltage contactor to close, and connect the lithium iron phosphate battery pack to the high-voltage DC bus; S6. Monitor the load current change rate of the high voltage DC bus in real time. When the load current change rate exceeds the current change rate threshold determined based on the real-time status of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster, control the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter and the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to output together. The supercapacitor module responds to the high-frequency transient power demand through the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter, and the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster responds to the low-frequency steady-state power demand. S7. When the mobile energy storage system is in a steady state or idle, control the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to charge the supercapacitor module through the high-voltage DC bus and replenish the auxiliary energy module.

4. The graded black start and power buffer control method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step S4, the presence of a short-circuit fault is determined based on the response of the high-voltage DC bus voltage, specifically including: The voltage change of the high-voltage DC bus is monitored during the duration of the test energy pulse. If the voltage change is less than the preset fault judgment threshold, it is determined that there is a short circuit fault.

5. The graded black start and power buffer control method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step S6, the current change rate threshold The methods for determining this include: Obtain the real-time temperature of lithium iron phosphate battery clusters and health status ; Based on real-time temperature and health status Calculate the threshold for the rate of change of current. ; Among them, real-time temperature Under unchanged conditions, health status The smaller the value, the higher the corresponding current change rate threshold. The smaller; health status Unchanged, and real-time temperature Below the preset standard temperature threshold In the case of real-time temperature The smaller the value, the higher the corresponding current change rate threshold. The smaller.

6. The graded black start and power buffer control method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Current change rate threshold The calculation formula is: in, To be within the standard temperature threshold Down, =Preset reference current change rate at 100% state; Indicates the battery health status, with a value ranging from 0 to 100%; This represents the preset temperature decay coefficient. >0, and satisfy: This indicates the minimum allowable operating temperature for the mobile energy storage system.

7. The graded black start and power buffer control method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The control of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter and the coordinated output of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster specifically includes: Control the output current of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster to increase at a rate not exceeding the current change rate threshold. The transient differential current output of the isolated bidirectional DC / DC converter is controlled. At any given time, the transient differential current is equal to the difference between the total load current and the actual output current of the lithium iron phosphate battery cluster.

8. The graded black start and power buffer control method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step S7, the conditions for determining whether the mobile energy storage system is in a steady state or idle include: If the absolute value of the load current change rate of the high voltage DC bus is lower than the current change rate threshold within the preset first time window, the mobile energy storage system is determined to be in a steady state. If the load current value of the high-voltage DC bus is lower than the preset no-load current threshold within the preset second time window, the mobile energy storage system is determined to be idle.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes a computer program, it implements the steps of the hierarchical black-start and power buffer control method as described in any one of claims 3-8.

10. A storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the hierarchical black start and power buffer control method as described in any one of claims 3-8.

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