A dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system and method suitable for reservoir bank drawdown zone slope

Abstract

This invention discloses a dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system and method suitable for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes, belonging to the field of water conservancy engineering and ecological restoration. The system includes an anchoring system, a lifting vegetation trough, an integrated water collection system, and a linked water supply device. The anchoring system uses self-weight triggered self-locking anchors to achieve locking upon installation. The vegetation trough can freely rise and fall along the anchors with the water level, and contains a soil layer and a water-storing sponge layer. The water collection system automatically controls water flow through a float valve, and the linked water supply device relies on elastic expansion and capillary action to achieve water storage during submersion and automatic water supply during emergence. Construction adopts a bottom-up modular installation, using the floating plate of the vegetation trough as a working platform, eliminating the need for high-altitude facilities. This invention can adapt to the off-season hydrological rhythm of the drawdown zone, improving slope stability and vegetation survival rate. It requires no external energy or human intervention and has advantages such as convenient construction, low operation and maintenance costs, and eco-friendliness, making it suitable for ecological protection of reservoir and lake drawdown zone slopes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering and ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system and method suitable for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, conventional ecological restoration and protection technologies for reservoir drawdown zones mainly rely on static structural solutions such as concrete frame slope protection, ecological bag stacking, and ordinary topsoil spraying. These technologies generally suffer from a core defect: insufficient adaptability to the dynamic hydrological environment of the drawdown zone. Static rigid structures or flexible fixing materials cannot adapt to changes in water level. Long-term submersion can easily lead to vegetation death and structural failure. During the exposure period, they cannot effectively retain water to maintain normal plant growth. The restoration effect is short-lived and unsustainable, and the later operation and maintenance costs are high.

[0003] For example, the concrete grid-based reservoir bank drawdown zone slope protection system disclosed in prior art CN202510292157.4 uses a combination structure of rigid concrete grids and precast bricks. This system is only suitable for conventional bank slopes with small water level fluctuations. When faced with large-scale periodic water level rises and falls in the reservoir drawdown zone, its fixed and unadjustable structure is difficult to adapt to alternating wet and dry environments. Furthermore, it lacks a water regulation and supply mechanism linked to water level, which is detrimental to the natural establishment of vegetation communities and the sustainability of ecological processes. Similarly, the ecological restoration method for mountainous river channels disclosed in prior art CN201820203768.2 uses an ecological bag laminate paving and slotted planting structure. This method is only suitable for riverbank slopes with gentle slopes and weak water erosion. However, it is not suitable for riverbanks with rapid water level rises and falls and strong currents in the reservoir. Under scouring conditions, there are risks of insufficient unit connection strength, poor overall scouring stability, and susceptibility to erosion and slippage. Moreover, relying solely on natural infiltration and soil water storage, without an internal water storage structure linked to water level changes, it is impossible to guarantee the survival and recovery of plants in the alternating wet and dry cycles. In contrast, the reservoir drawdown zone slope protection system disclosed in document CN202010673273.8 adopts a rigid anchored casting structure of foundation piles, steel ropes, and concrete slope protection nets. The construction process causes significant disturbance to the in-situ soil, and the use of a large amount of concrete hinders the exchange of water and biological channels in the slope, which is not conducive to the natural restoration of the drawdown zone ecosystem. Furthermore, the structural function is only focused on rigid protection and soil and water conservation, without its own water storage and supply capacity. It relies entirely on the plants to adapt to the environment, making it difficult to guarantee the efficiency and quality of ecological restoration.

[0004] To address the adaptability deficiencies of static structures, some existing technologies have attempted to incorporate dynamic design concepts, but significant technical limitations remain, failing to adapt to the complex conditions of the reservoir's drawdown zone: Firstly, the anchoring system lacks stability. Existing floating vegetation units and floating island designs often employ simple weights and cables for anchoring, which, under complex water flow, wind, waves, and rapid water level changes in the reservoir, exhibit insufficient pull-out and overturning resistance, posing a risk of overall instability. Furthermore, the installation process cannot trigger or optimize the anchoring force, resulting in a disconnect between construction procedures and anchoring functions. Firstly, there is a lack of an adaptive water regulation mechanism linked to water level rhythms. Existing technologies mostly rely on external irrigation or simple water storage structures, lacking a built-in "water storage-supply" self-circulation system. This makes it impossible to achieve stable and long-term autonomous water replenishment during the dry season in the drawdown zone, resulting in a low vegetation survival rate. Secondly, the system integration is low. Existing technologies often design and construct functional modules such as anchoring, planting, and water supply separately. This leads to cumbersome procedures, poor coordination between modules, and an inability to meet the needs of large-scale engineering applications in reservoir areas, thus limiting the practicality and reliability of the projects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system and method suitable for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system suitable for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes includes an anchoring system installed on the slope, a lifting vegetation trough, an integrated water collection system, and a linkage water supply device. The anchoring system includes a hollow sleeve structure anchor rod with an integrated spearhead at the lower end of the anchor rod. The spearhead has a pressure-triggered pop-out locking mechanism inside. The upper end of the anchor rod has a socket base for connecting with a lifting vegetation trough. The weight of the lifting vegetation trough can trigger the pressure-triggered pop-out locking mechanism to achieve self-locking of the anchor rod in the slope soil and rock. The bottom of the lifting vegetation trough is equipped with a connecting component that fits and snaps into the socket base. The lifting vegetation trough cooperates with the anchor rod through the connecting component and can be freely raised and lowered along the anchor rod with the water level of the reservoir bank. The top of the lifting vegetation trough is equipped with a buoyancy component to provide buoyancy for the vegetation trough to float with the water level. The lifting vegetation trough has a double-layer nested structure, and its inner cavity is divided into an upper soil filling layer and a lower water storage layer. The integrated water collection system includes a water collection trough located in the interlayer of the double-layer nested structure of the lifting vegetation trough. The water collection trough is equipped with a float valve control mechanism and is connected to the water storage layer through the float valve control mechanism to realize automatic water collection and water diversion under water level control. The linkage water supply device is arranged in the water storage layer, including a water storage sponge layer and an elastic telescopic mechanism. The elastic telescopic mechanism is linked with the lifting type vegetation trough, and can带动 the water storage sponge layer to complete the compression - stretching action along with the lifting of the lifting type vegetation trough, realizing the adaptive water storage - water supply cycle linked with the rhythm of the reservoir bank water level.

[0007] Preferably, the connecting member of the lifting type vegetation trough is a bottom - foot plug, with a protrusion provided at the end of the bottom - foot plug, and a groove adapted for snap - connection with the protrusion provided at the upper end of the socket base; the soil filling layer and the water storage layer are separated by a partition board, with holes evenly distributed on the partition board, and a capillary water - guiding core communicating with the water storage sponge layer is provided above each hole. The lifting type vegetation trough is made of lightweight materials, and in a top - view, it has a double - rectangle nested structure in a shape of a Chinese character 'hui', with the outer trough and the inner trough concentrically arranged, and the interlayer between the two is the water collection trough; the buoyancy member at the top of the lifting type vegetation trough is a floating plate, which is fixed to the peripheral circle at the upper end of the vegetation trough, and its surface has an inclined surface for guiding rainwater, and the top of the water collection trough is covered with a wire mesh for blocking sundries.

[0008] Preferably, the float valve control mechanism includes a float valve body, a float and a water inlet; the float valve body is fixedly connected with the float, with a limiting protrusion provided at its lower end and a hollow pipe inside; the float can带动 the float valve body to move along with the rise and fall of the water level in the water collection trough to control the opening and closing of the water inlet, realizing the connection and disconnection between the water collection trough and the water storage sponge layer.

[0009] Preferably, the pressure - triggered pop - out locking mechanism inside the spearhead includes a pair of barbs, a torsion spring and a round - head plunger; the pair of barbs are symmetrically hinged on both sides of the spearhead, and the torsion spring is connected between the pair of barbs, used to provide an elastic force for the barbs to converge towards the central axis of the spearhead; the round - head plunger is arranged inside the anchor rod and above the spearhead, and can move downward when subjected to the pressure from top to bottom brought by the self - weight of the lifting type vegetation trough, and its lower end is stuck into the concave card slot between the pair of barbs, forcing the barbs to pop out to both sides and lock against the elastic force of the torsion spring.

[0010] Preferably, a return spring and an inner sleeve are further arranged inside the anchor rod; the upper end of the return spring is connected to the outer wall of the lower end of the inner sleeve, and the lower end is connected to the bottom of the anchor rod; when the lifting type vegetation trough is installed in place, its self - weight acts on the anchor rod through the connecting member, causing the round - head plunger to be pressed down to trigger the barbs to pop out and lock, and at the same time, the return spring is compressed to store energy; the inner sleeve can伸长 synchronously with the floating of the lifting type vegetation trough to provide lifting guidance for the vegetation trough.

[0011] Preferably, the elastic telescopic mechanism of the linkage water supply device includes a support spring and a telescopic sleeve; the telescopic sleeve is sleeved around the periphery of the support spring, with open sides to provide boundary constraints and protection for the support spring; the support spring and the telescopic sleeve can be compressed synchronously as the lifting vegetation trough descends, squeezing the water-storing sponge layer to discharge stored water; and can be extended synchronously as the lifting vegetation trough rises, causing the water-storing sponge layer to expand and absorb water.

[0012] Preferably, the interior of the capillary water-conducting core is made of a sponge-like material, and the outer shell is made of a hydrophilic material; the partition is integrated with the lifting vegetation trough, and a support plate is provided at the bottom of the water-storing sponge layer. The support plate is integrated with the water-storing sponge layer to provide boundary constraints and support for the water-storing sponge layer.

[0013] Preferably, a drainage ditch is excavated at the top of the slope, and a water guide pipe is installed in the drainage ditch. The water guide pipe is connected to the inlet of the lifting vegetation trough through a water guide hose. A protective net is laid on the surface of the slope for initial slope protection and soil restraint. The inlets and outlets of the corresponding lifting vegetation troughs are connected to each other through water guide hoses to form a series slope water collection network. The soil filling layer is filled with an ecological substrate, the components of which, by weight, are: 5-7 parts loam, 1-2 parts organic fertilizer, 1-2 parts fine gravel, and 1-2 parts slow-release fertilizer; the ecological substrate contains plant seeds, and the sowing amount of plant seeds is 20-50g per square meter.

[0014] In addition, this invention also discloses a dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection method suitable for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes, implemented using the aforementioned dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system suitable for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes, including the following steps: Step 1: Clean the slope, level the slope surface, remove large debris, protrusions and depressions on the slope surface, use the cleaned loose soil to improve the gradation and mix in additives and organic materials, and evenly mix local plant seeds into the improved soil to prepare ecological substrate for later use. Step 2: Excavate a drainage ditch along the contour line on the outer side of the top of the slope, and lay a flexible protective net from the top of the slope downwards, so that the netting is close to the slope surface and the overlap width of adjacent netting is reserved. Step 3: Drill holes and install anchor bolts in sequence from top to bottom according to the predetermined point markings. In the initial installation state, the barbs of the spearhead are in the retracted state. Step 4: Install the lifting vegetation troughs from bottom to top. First, install the bottom row of lifting vegetation troughs. Align and snap the connecting components at the bottom of the lifting vegetation troughs with the socket base at the top of the anchor rods. Use the weight of the lifting vegetation troughs to trigger the pressure-triggered pop-out locking mechanism of the spearheads to complete the final locking of the anchor rods. Step 5: Connect the inlet and outlet of the adjacent upper and lower lifting vegetation troughs through the water guide hose, and connect the top lifting vegetation trough to the water guide pipe of the slope top intercepting ditch through the water guide hose to form a complete water collection network. Step 6: Evenly fill the prepared ecological substrate into the soil filling layer of all the lifting vegetation troughs, and lightly compact it to ensure that the ecological substrate is in full contact with the capillary water-conducting core. Step 7: During the land formation period of the reservoir bank drawdown zone, the water level drops, and the lifting vegetation trough descends to the bottom limit of the anchor rod's built-in sleeve under the action of gravity. The water-storing sponge layer is squeezed by the gravity of the trough and the ecological substrate, releasing the stored water. The water is continuously transported upward to the soil filling layer through the capillary water-conducting core, providing drought-resistant water supply for plant growth. Step 8: During the flooding period of the reservoir bank drawdown zone, the water level rises. Under the action of the buoyancy component, the lifting vegetation trough floats up along the anchor rod with the water level. After the water flows into the water collection trough, it is automatically opened by the float valve control mechanism and introduced into the water storage sponge layer. The elastic telescopic mechanism releases elastic potential energy to drive the water storage sponge layer to expand and absorb water, thus completing the water storage. At the same time, the capillary water-conducting core continuously supplies water to the soil filling layer.

[0015] Furthermore, in step four, when installing the upper-level lifting vegetation trough, the buoyancy component floating plate at the top of the already installed lower-level lifting vegetation trough is used as the construction operation platform, eliminating the need for additional high-altitude operation facilities.

[0016] Beneficial effects of this invention: 1. This invention employs a gravity-triggered self-locking anchor structure, integrating the installation process of the lifting vegetation trough with the final locking of the anchor. The self-weight of the vegetation trough triggers the internal hooks of the anchor to pop out, forming a secondary mechanical self-locking within the soil and rock mass. This improves the anchor's pull-out and overturning resistance, alleviating the instability problem of existing floating anchor systems under the impact of water flow and waves. Simultaneously, the vegetation trough structure, which can freely rise and fall along the anchor with the reservoir bank water level, can adapt to the large and periodic water level fluctuations and alternating wet and dry environments of the drawdown zone, improving the problem of traditional static slope protection structures failing easily under dynamic hydrological rhythms over long-term use.

[0017] 2. This invention constructs a self-circulating water storage-supply system linked to changes in the drawdown zone water level through the coordinated operation of a water collection system and a linked water supply device. A float valve control mechanism enables the collection trough to automatically collect rainwater or reservoir water and introduce it into the system. Combined with an elastic expansion mechanism linked to the vegetation trough, a water-storing sponge layer, and a capillary core, based on capillary action and the compression-expansion mechanism of the sponge layer, the system automatically expands to absorb and store water as it rises with the vegetation trough during the flooding period, and automatically squeezes to drain and supply water as it sinks with the vegetation trough during the land formation period. This achieves adaptive matching to the inverse seasonal hydrological rhythm of the drawdown zone, which is characterized by low summer temperatures and high winter temperatures. This mechanism provides continuous water supply to vegetation during the summer dry season, reducing reliance on external irrigation or artificial intervention. It helps alleviate the problem of vegetation mortality in alternating wet and dry environments caused by the lack of a long-term self-sustaining water supply mechanism in existing technologies, thereby improving the survival rate and community stability of vegetation in the drawdown zone.

[0018] 3. This invention employs a modular snap-fit ​​structure and a bottom-up installation process. The floating plate atop the already installed lower-level vegetation trough can serve as an operating platform for the upper-level construction, reducing reliance on additional large-scale scaffolding, suspended platforms, and other temporary facilities. This simplifies construction procedures on steep, slippery drawdown slopes, lowers construction costs, and improves the safety of high-altitude operations. The vegetation trough and anchor bolts are connected via a socket-and-click connection. The installation process simultaneously triggers the anchor bolts' self-locking mechanism, eliminating the need for additional anchoring and locking procedures. This achieves integrated construction of anchoring and vegetation unit installation, improving construction efficiency and meeting the needs of large-scale engineering applications in reservoir drawdown zones.

[0019] 4. The entire process of lifting, collecting, storing, and supplying water in this invention relies primarily on natural physical principles such as gravity, buoyancy, capillary force, and spring force. This reduces reliance on external power supply, automated control equipment, or continuous manual intervention, forming a low-maintenance, highly reliable closed-loop adaptive system. This system can autonomously cope with the periodic environmental changes in the drawdown zone over a long period, which helps to improve the problems of frequent maintenance, high maintenance costs, and insufficient sustainability in existing technologies.

[0020] 5. The core components of this invention, such as anchor bolts, lifting vegetation trenches, and water guiding systems, adopt a standard modular design. They can be flexibly spliced, adjusted in quantity, and expanded in layout according to the slope length, slope, water level variation range, and geological conditions of different reservoir drawdown zones. They have good adaptability to terrain and working conditions, which helps to improve the problem that the existing technology has a narrow range of applicability and is difficult to adapt to different types of drawdown zone slopes. It has certain engineering promotion value.

[0021] 6. This invention, by rapidly constructing stable slope vegetation cover, helps to suppress soil erosion on the drawdown zone slopes and enhances the long-term ecological stability of reservoir bank slopes. Simultaneously, it reduces the use of rigid protective materials such as concrete, helping to maintain water exchange and biological channels between the slope and the water body, keeping disturbance to the native ecosystem of the drawdown zone at a low level, thereby promoting the natural restoration and positive succession of the drawdown zone ecosystem. Furthermore, this method can create an evergreen ecological shoreline throughout the year, improving the landscape of the reservoir area, and, through vegetation and substrate, plays a certain role in purifying the water flowing into the reservoir, demonstrating significant ecological and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 is an overall view of the slope surface of the dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system of the present invention; Figure 2 is an overall view of the lifting vegetation trough of the present invention; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the lifting vegetation trough of the present invention; Figure 4 is an internal view of the self-locking anchor rod of the present invention; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view and structural diagram of the support spring of the present invention; Figure 6 is a detailed view of the connecting member and the socket base of the present invention; Figure 7 is a detailed view of the float valve control mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 is an exploded view of the lifting vegetation trough structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Example 1: A dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system suitable for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes This embodiment is a specific implementation of the dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system, applied to the drawdown zone slope of a reservoir in a mountainous area of ​​southern my country. The maximum annual water level fluctuation in this drawdown zone is 12m, the slope gradient is 1:1.5, and the slope body is composed of silty clay mixed with gravel. It faces an off-season hydrological rhythm of "low in summer and high in winter". During the summer exposure period, it is prone to drought and sun exposure and heavy rain erosion. During the winter flooding period, it needs to withstand 6 to 8 months of long-term deep water immersion and water flow disturbance. Conventional static slope protection structures are prone to failure, and the survival rate of native vegetation is less than 30%.

[0025] The dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes described in this embodiment includes an anchoring system installed on the slope 1, a lifting vegetation trough 2, an integrated water collection system, and a linked water supply device. The specific structure is as follows: 1. Anchoring system The described anchoring system includes multiple groups of hollow sleeve structure anchor rods 3 arranged in a rectangular array along the slope surface. The anchor rods 3 are made of Q235 steel hollow sleeves with an outer diameter of 89 mm, a wall thickness of 4 mm, a single root length of 2.5 m, an in - soil anchoring depth of 2.2 m, and a length of 0.3 m for the exposed section on the slope surface. The lower end of the anchor rod 3 is integrally connected with a steel spearhead 3.1, and a pressure - triggered pop - up locking mechanism is arranged inside the spearhead 3.1. The upper end of the anchor rod 3 is welded and fixed with a socket base 4.3 for connecting with the lifting vegetation trough 2. The self - weight of the lifting vegetation trough 2 can trigger the pressure - triggered pop - up locking mechanism to achieve secondary self - locking of the anchor rod 3 in the slope rock soil.

[0026] The pressure - triggered pop - up locking mechanism includes a pair of steel barbs 3.3 symmetrically hinged on both sides of the spearhead 3.1, a torsion spring 3.2 connecting the pair of barbs 3.3, and a round - head plunger 3.4 arranged in the inner cavity of the anchor rod 3 and above the spearhead 3.1. The torsion spring 3.2 provides an elastic force for the barbs 3.3 to converge towards the central axis of the spearhead 3.1. In the initial installation state, the barbs 3.3 are in a converged state. When the round - head plunger 3.4 is subjected to a pressure from top to bottom, it can move downward along the inner cavity of the anchor rod, and its lower end is stuck into the concave card slot between the pair of barbs 3.3, forcing the barbs 3.3 to pop out to both sides against the elastic force of the torsion spring 3.2 and embed into the surrounding rock and soil to achieve locking.

[0027] A return spring 3.5 and an inner sleeve 3.6 are also arranged in the inner cavity of the anchor rod 3. The upper end of the return spring 3.5 is connected to the outer wall of the lower end of the inner sleeve 3.6, and the lower end is connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the anchor rod 3. When the lifting vegetation trough 2 is installed in place, its self - weight presses down the round - head plunger 3.4 through the connecting member to trigger the self - locking of the barbs 3.3, and at the same time, the return spring 3.5 is compressed to store energy. The inner sleeve 3.6 can extend synchronously with the floating of the lifting vegetation trough 2 to provide full - process lifting guidance for the vegetation trough and prevent the vegetation trough from overturning under the impact of water flow.

[0028] 2. Lifting vegetation trough The lifting vegetation trough 2 is integrally formed with high - density polyethylene (HDPE) lightweight material. When viewed from above, it has a double - rectangular nested structure in a zigzag shape. The outer frame size of a single - group vegetation trough is 1200 mm×1200 mm, and the inner trough size is 800 mm×800 mm. The inner and outer troughs are concentrically arranged, and the interlayer between them is a water - collecting trough. The total height of the vegetation trough is 500 mm. The inner cavity of the vegetation trough is divided into an upper soil - filling layer with a height of 300 mm and a lower water - storage layer with a height of 200 mm.

[0029] The bottom of the lifting vegetation trough 2 is integrally formed with a base plug 4.2 as a connecting component 4.2. The end of the base plug 4.2 is provided with an annular protrusion, which is adapted to and snapped into the groove at the upper end of the socket base 4.3, so that the lifting vegetation trough 2 can be freely raised and lowered along the anchor rod 3 with the water level of the reservoir bank. The upper circumference of the vegetation trough is fixed with a buoyancy component 2.1 by bolts. The buoyancy component 2.1 is a high-density polyethylene foam float plate with a thickness of 50mm and a width of 150mm. The surface of the float plate is provided with a 5° inclined guide surface for guiding rainwater into the water collection trough.

[0030] The soil filling layer and the water storage layer are separated by a PP material partition 4.5. The partition 4.5 is integrated with the vegetation trough. There are 9 through holes with a diameter of 22mm evenly distributed on the partition 4.5. Each through hole is equipped with a capillary water-conducting core 2.9. The capillary water-conducting core 2.9 has a diameter of 20mm and a length of 150mm. The inside is filled with sponge-like water-absorbing fibers, and the outer shell is made of non-woven hydrophilic material. Its lower end passes through the through hole and communicates with the water storage sponge layer 2.4, and its upper end extends into the soil filling layer.

[0031] 3. Integrated water collection system The integrated water collection system has a water collection trough located in the interlayer between the inner and outer troughs of the lifting vegetation trough 2. The top of the water collection trough is covered with a 10-mesh galvanized iron wire mesh 2.8 to prevent fallen leaves, mud, sand and other debris from entering and to avoid pipe blockage. A float valve control mechanism 2.6 is installed at the bottom of the water collection trough. The water collection trough is connected to the water storage layer through the float valve control mechanism 2.6 to realize automatic water collection and guidance under water level control.

[0032] The float valve control mechanism 2.6 includes a float valve body, a float cylinder 2.7, and a water inlet 4.4. The float valve body is fixedly connected to the float cylinder 2.7, and a limiting protrusion is provided at the lower end of the valve body. The interior is a hollow water passage pipe. When the water level in the collection tank rises to a preset height, the float cylinder 2.7 drives the float valve body upward, and the water inlet 4.4 is exposed and opened, allowing the water in the collection tank to enter the water storage sponge layer 2.4 through the water inlet 4.4. When the water level in the collection tank drops, the float cylinder 2.7 drives the valve body downward to close the water inlet 4.4, locking in the water in the water storage layer.

[0033] 4. Interlocking water supply device The linked water supply device is installed inside the water storage layer and includes a water storage sponge layer 2.4 and an elastic telescopic mechanism. The water storage sponge layer 2.4 is made of highly absorbent polyurethane sponge with a normal thickness of 200mm and a maximum water absorption ratio of up to 15 times its own weight. The elastic telescopic mechanism is linked with the lifting vegetation trough 2 and can drive the water storage sponge layer 2.4 to complete the compression-expansion action as the vegetation trough rises and falls, realizing an adaptive water storage-supply cycle that is linked to the rhythm of the reservoir bank water level.

[0034] The elastic telescopic mechanism includes a 304 stainless steel support spring 2.5 and a PVC folding telescopic sleeve 4.1. The telescopic sleeve 4.1 is fitted around the support spring 2.5, with open sides to provide boundary constraints and protection for the support spring 2.5, while not obstructing water from entering the water storage layer. When the water level drops and the lifting vegetation trough 2 sinks due to gravity, the support spring 2.5 is compressed by the weight of the trough, and the telescopic sleeve 4.1 shortens simultaneously, squeezing the water storage sponge layer 2.4 to discharge the stored water. When the water level rises and the lifting vegetation trough 2 floats under buoyancy, the support spring 2.5 releases its elastic potential energy to reset, and the telescopic sleeve 4.1 extends simultaneously, stretching the water storage sponge layer 2.4 to expand the water storage space and complete water absorption and storage.

[0035] 5. Slope surface supporting structure A drainage ditch 1.1 is excavated along the contour line at the top of slope 1. The drainage ditch has a cross-sectional dimension of 400mm × 400mm and is finished with M7.5 cement mortar. The bottom slope ratio of the ditch is 0.3%. A PVC water pipe 1.3 is installed every 3m along the side wall of the drainage ditch 1.1. The water pipe 1.3 is connected to the inlet 2.2 of the uppermost lifting vegetation trough 2 through a flexible water pipe 1.4. Between adjacent upper and lower lifting vegetation troughs 2, the inlet 2.2 and outlet 2.3 of the corresponding vegetation trough are connected through the water pipe 1.4, forming a water collection network connected throughout the entire slope. The entire surface of slope 1 is covered with galvanized machine-woven double-twisted protective netting 1.2 with a wire diameter of 2mm and a mesh size of 60mm × 60mm. The overlap width of adjacent mesh panels is not less than 200mm. It is fixed to the slope surface with U-shaped anchor nails for initial slope protection and soil restraint.

[0036] The soil filling layer is filled with an ecological substrate, the components of which are as follows by weight: 6 parts loam, 1.5 parts organic fertilizer, 1 part fine gravel, and 1.5 parts slow-release fertilizer; the ecological substrate is mixed with native suitable plant seeds, including bermudagrass, bahiagrass and vetiver, with a sowing rate of 35g / ㎡.

[0037] The working process of this embodiment During the flooding period at high water levels: As the reservoir water level rises, the lifting vegetation trough 2, under the buoyancy of the floating plate 2.1, floats synchronously with the water level along the built-in sleeve 3.6 of the anchor rod 3, preventing the vegetation from dying from prolonged deep immersion in water; water flows into the collection tank, and when the water level reaches the preset height, the float valve control mechanism 2.6 automatically opens, and the water enters the water storage sponge layer 2.4. The support spring 2.5 releases its elastic potential energy to cause the sponge layer to expand, completing water absorption and storage. At the same time, the capillary water-conducting core 2.9 continuously supplies water to the soil filling layer, ensuring the survival of the vegetation.

[0038] Low water level during land formation: As the reservoir water level drops, the lifting vegetation trough 2 descends along the anchor rod 3 under its own weight to the bottom limit of the built-in sleeve 3.6. The water-storing sponge layer 2.4 is squeezed by the gravity of the trough and the ecological substrate, releasing the stored water. The water is continuously transported upward to the soil filling layer through the capillary water-conducting core 2.9, providing drought-resistant water supply for the vegetation without the need for external artificial irrigation.

[0039] This embodiment perfectly adapts to the off-season hydrological rhythm of the drawdown zone through the adaptive linkage of the entire system. On-site monitoring shows that the erosion of the slope soil is reduced by 92%, the annual survival rate of vegetation is increased to more than 90%, and there is no need for external power or frequent manual maintenance. It has excellent long-term operational stability.

[0040] Example 2: A dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection method suitable for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes This embodiment describes the construction and operation method of the dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system described in Embodiment 1, and is implemented strictly in accordance with the steps defined in the claims, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Slope Pretreatment and Ecological Substrate Preparation The entire slope 1 was cleaned, removing weeds, boulders, debris, and loose soil. Protruding parts of the slope were leveled and the sunken parts were backfilled and compacted with in-situ soil to control the slope flatness error within ±50mm, thus preventing the installation of the vegetation trough from getting stuck due to unevenness. The cleaned and screened in-situ loose soil was used to improve the soil gradation and was mixed with organic fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, and other organic materials. At the same time, local flood-resistant and drought-resistant plant seeds from the reservoir area were mixed in according to the ratio, and the mixture was stirred evenly to prepare an ecological substrate, which was then sealed and kept moist for later use.

[0041] Step 2: Excavation of intercepting ditch and laying of protective netting At the top outer side of slope 1, 2m above the upper boundary of the drawdown zone, dig a drainage ditch 1.1 along the contour line. After the excavation is completed, apply cement mortar to the ditch walls and bottom. Embed water pipes 1.3 at the designed intervals. Lay a flexible protective net 1.2 across the entire slope from the top to the bottom. When laying the net, ensure that it is tightly attached to the slope surface without any gaps or wrinkles. Leave an overlap width of not less than 200mm between adjacent nets. Fix the nets with U-shaped anchor nails at 1m intervals to complete the initial slope protection and soil constraint.

[0042] Step 3: Anchor Drilling and Installation According to the designed 2m×2m array spacing, the anchor installation points were marked on the slope. Drilling, hole cleaning, and anchor installation were carried out in a top-down sequence. The hole diameter was 100mm and the hole depth was 2.3m. After drilling, high-pressure air was used to clean the hole and remove dust and residue. The anchor rod 3 with the barb 3.3 retracted in the initial state was inserted into the drilled hole and anchored in the hole with cement mortar to ensure that the verticality deviation of the anchor rod was not greater than 1%. The top of the anchor rod was inserted into the base 4.3 and exposed 300mm on the slope surface to reserve space for the subsequent installation of the vegetation trench.

[0043] Step 4: Installation and Anchoring Triggering of Lift-Type Vegetation Trench The lifting vegetation troughs 2 are installed in a bottom-up sequence. First, the lowest row of vegetation troughs at the slope toe is installed. The bottom plug 4.2 of the vegetation trough is aligned with the socket base 4.3 at the top of the corresponding anchor rod 3, and then pressed down vertically to complete the snap-fit ​​fixation. The self-weight of the vegetation trough is transferred to the inner cavity of the anchor rod through the connecting component. The round-headed plunger 3.4 is pressed down and moves downward, triggering the barb 3.3 in the spearhead 3.1 to pop out to both sides, completing the final self-locking of the anchor rod. When installing the upper row of vegetation troughs, the construction personnel stand on the floating plate 2.1 on the top of the lower layer of vegetation troughs that has been installed. There is no need to build additional scaffolding, high-altitude baskets or other working facilities to complete the installation of vegetation troughs on the entire slope.

[0044] Step 5: Connecting the water collection network pipes Using prefabricated flexible water-conducting hoses 1.4, the pipeline connection is completed according to the design path: the inlets 2.2 and outlets 2.3 of the adjacent upper and lower lifting vegetation troughs 2 are connected in series through the water-conducting hoses 1.4, and the inlet of the top vegetation trough is connected to the water-conducting pipe 1.3 in the slope intercepting ditch 1.1 through the water-conducting hoses 1.4. The pipe joints are locked and sealed with hose clamps to form a complete water collection network on the entire slope, realizing the automatic collection and diversion of rainwater and slope runoff.

[0045] Step Six: Filling with Eco-friendly Substrate The ecological substrate with premixed plant seeds prepared in step one is evenly filled into the soil filling layer of the inner groove of all the lifting plant troughs 2, with a filling thickness of 300mm. During the filling process, it is slightly compacted to ensure that the ecological substrate is in full contact with the upper end of the capillary water-conducting core 2.9 to ensure smooth water conduction. After filling, the surface of the substrate is moistened with water to promote seed germination.

[0046] Step 7: Adaptive Operation During Land Formation After the drawdown zone on the reservoir bank enters the land formation period, the reservoir water level continues to drop. Under its own weight, the lifting vegetation trough 2 descends synchronously to the bottom limit along the built-in sleeve 3.6 of the anchor rod 3. During this process, the water-storing sponge layer 2.4 is continuously squeezed by the gravity of the trough and the ecological substrate, which slowly releases the water stored during the flooding period. The released water is continuously transported upward to the soil filling layer through the capillary water-conducting core 2.9 to resist the evaporation of high temperature in summer and provide a stable drought-resistant water supply for seed germination and vegetation growth.

[0047] Step 8: Adaptive Operation During Flooding After the reservoir bank drawdown zone enters the flooding period, the reservoir water level continues to rise. Under the buoyancy of the top floating plate 2.1, the lifting vegetation trough 2 floats synchronously with the water level along the built-in sleeve 3.6 of the anchor rod 3, preventing the vegetation from dying from long-term deep water immersion. During this process, water flows into the water collection tank through the water inlet holes on the side wall of the vegetation trough. When the water level in the water collection tank reaches the preset height, the float valve control mechanism 2.6 automatically opens, and the water flows into the water storage sponge layer 2.4. The support spring 2.5 releases elastic potential energy to drive the telescopic sleeve 4.1 to extend, and the water storage sponge layer 2.4 expands to absorb water, storing water for the subsequent land formation period. Even under deep water flooding conditions, the capillary core 2.9 can still continuously supply water to the soil filling layer through capillary action, ensuring the survival of vegetation.

[0048] Supplementary construction requirements: In this embodiment, the installation of anchor bolts, the connection of planting trenches, and the connection of pipelines are all modularly assembled. All components are prefabricated in the factory. Only splicing and installation need to be completed on site. There is no need for complex processes such as on-site pouring and welding. The construction efficiency is improved by more than 60% compared with conventional slope protection technology. After the construction is completed, only 1 to 2 auxiliary waterings are needed during the seed germination period. No manual intervention is required in the subsequent entire cycle. The system can operate completely adaptively.

[0049] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system applicable to the slope of the drawdown zone of a reservoir bank, comprising an anchoring system, a lifting vegetation trough (2), an integrated water collection system and a linkage water supply device provided on a slope body (1); characterized in that, The anchoring system includes a bolt (3) with a hollow sleeve structure. A spearhead (3.1) is integrally connected to the lower end of the bolt (3), and a compression-triggered pop-up locking mechanism is arranged inside the spearhead (3.1); a socket base (4.3) for connecting with the lifting vegetation trough (2) is arranged at the upper end of the bolt (3). The self-weight of the lifting vegetation trough (2) can trigger the compression-triggered pop-up locking mechanism to realize the self-locking of the bolt (3) in the slope rock and soil. A connecting member (4.2) adapted to be snap-connected with the socket base (4.3) is arranged at the bottom of the lifting vegetation trough (2). The lifting vegetation trough (2) cooperates with the bolt (3) through the connecting member (4.2) and can freely rise and fall along the bolt (3) with the reservoir bank water level; a buoyancy member (2.1) is arranged at the top of the lifting vegetation trough (2) for providing buoyancy for the vegetation trough to float with the water level; the lifting vegetation trough (2) is of a double-layer nested structure, and its inner cavity is divided into an upper soil filling layer and a lower water storage layer. The integrated water collection system includes a water collection trough opened in the interlayer of the double-layer nested structure of the lifting vegetation trough (2). The water collection trough is provided with a float valve control mechanism (2.6). The water collection trough is communicated with the water storage layer through the float valve control mechanism (2.6) to realize automatic water collection and water diversion under water level control. The linkage water supply device is arranged in the water storage layer and includes a water storage sponge layer (2.4) and an elastic telescopic mechanism. The elastic telescopic mechanism is linked with the lifting vegetation trough (2) and can带动 the water storage sponge layer (2.4) to complete compression - stretching actions with the rise and fall of the lifting vegetation trough (2), realizing an adaptive water storage - water supply cycle linked with the rhythm of the reservoir bank water level.

2. The dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system suitable for the bank recession belt slope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting member (4.2) of the lifting vegetation trough (2) is a bottom plug. A protrusion is arranged at the end of the bottom plug, and a groove adapted to be snap-connected with the protrusion is arranged at the upper end of the socket base (4.3); the soil filling layer and the water storage layer are separated by a partition plate (4.5). The partition plate (4.5) is uniformly distributed with holes, and a capillary water conducting core (2.9) communicated with the water storage sponge layer (2.4) is arranged above each hole. The lifting vegetation trough (2) is made of lightweight materials and has a double-rectangle nested structure in a square shape when viewed from above. The outer trough and the inner trough are concentrically arranged, and the interlayer between them is the water collection trough; the buoyancy member (2.1) at the top of the lifting vegetation trough (2) is a floating plate. The floating plate is fixed on the periphery of the upper end of the vegetation trough, and its surface is provided with an inclined surface for guiding rainwater. The top of the water collection trough is covered with a wire mesh (2.8) for blocking sundries.

3. The dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system suitable for the bank recession belt slope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The float valve control mechanism (2.6) includes a float valve body, a float (2.7), and a water inlet (4.4); the float valve body is fixedly connected to the float (2.7), and its lower end is provided with a limiting protrusion, and the inside is a hollow pipe; the float (2.7) can move the float valve body as the water level in the water collection tank rises and falls, so as to control the opening and closing of the water inlet (4.4) and realize the connection and disconnection between the water collection tank and the water storage sponge layer (2.4).

4. The dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure-triggered pop-out locking mechanism inside the spearhead (3.1) includes a pair of barbs (3.3), a torsion spring (3.2), and a round-headed plunger (3.4). The pair of barbs (3.3) are symmetrically hinged to both sides of the spearhead (3.1), and the torsion spring (3.2) is connected between the pair of barbs (3.3) to provide elastic force for the barbs (3.3) to retract toward the central axis of the spearhead (3.1). The round-headed plunger (3.4) is located inside the anchor rod (3) and above the spearhead (3.1). It can move downward under the pressure from the top and bottom brought by the weight of the lifting vegetation trough (2). Its lower end is inserted into the recessed groove between the pair of barbs (3.3), forcing the barbs (3.3) to pop out to both sides and lock against the elastic force of the torsion spring (3.2).

5. The dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The anchor rod (3) is also equipped with a return spring (3.5) and an inner sleeve (3.6); the upper end of the return spring (3.5) is connected to the lower outer wall of the inner sleeve (3.6), and the lower end is connected to the bottom of the anchor rod (3); when the lifting vegetation trough (2) is installed in place, its own weight acts on the anchor rod (3) through the connecting component (4.2), causing the round-headed plunger (3.4) to be pressed down to trigger the barb (3.3) to pop out and lock itself, while the return spring (3.5) is compressed and stored energy; the inner sleeve (3.6) can extend synchronously with the upward floating of the lifting vegetation trough (2) to provide lifting guidance for the vegetation trough.

6. The dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic telescopic mechanism of the linkage water supply device includes a support spring (2.5) and a telescopic sleeve (4.1); the telescopic sleeve (4.1) is sleeved around the support spring (2.5), with open sides to provide boundary constraints and protection for the support spring (2.5); the support spring (2.5) and the telescopic sleeve (4.1) can be compressed synchronously with the descent of the lifting vegetation trough (2), squeezing the water storage sponge layer (2.4) to discharge the stored water; and can be extended synchronously with the rise of the lifting vegetation trough (2), causing the water storage sponge layer (2.4) to expand and absorb water.

7. The dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The capillary water-conducting core (2.9) is made of sponge-like material inside and hydrophilic material outside; the partition (4.5) is integrated with the lifting vegetation trough (2); a support plate (4.6) is provided at the bottom of the water-storing sponge layer (2.4); the support plate (4.6) is integrated with the water-storing sponge layer (2.4) to provide boundary constraints and support for the water-storing sponge layer (2.4).

8. The dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, A water interception ditch (1.1) is excavated at the top of the slope (1), and a water guide pipe (1.3) is installed in the water interception ditch (1.1). The water guide pipe (1.3) is connected to the inlet (2.2) of the lifting vegetation trough (2) through a water guide hose (1.4). A protective net (1.2) is laid on the surface of the slope (1) for initial slope protection and soil constraint. The adjacent upper and lower layers of lifting vegetation troughs (2) are connected to the inlet (2.2) and outlet (2.3) of the corresponding lifting vegetation trough (2) through a water guide hose (1.4) to form a series slope water collection network. The soil filling layer is filled with an ecological substrate, the components of which, by weight, are: 5-7 parts loam, 1-2 parts organic fertilizer, 1-2 parts fine gravel, and 1-2 parts slow-release fertilizer; the ecological substrate contains plant seeds, and the sowing amount of plant seeds is 20-50g per square meter.

9. A dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection method suitable for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes, characterized in that, The implementation of the dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection system for reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 includes the following steps: Step 1: Clean the slope (1), level the slope surface, remove large debris, protrusions and depressions on the slope surface, use the cleaned loose soil to improve the gradation and mix in additives and organic materials, and evenly mix local plant seeds into the improved soil to prepare ecological substrate for later use. Step 2: Excavate a drainage ditch (1.1) along the contour line on the outer side of the top of the slope (1), and lay a flexible protective net (1.2) from the top of the slope downwards, so that the net is close to the slope surface and the overlap width of adjacent nets is reserved. Step 3: Drill holes and install anchor rods (3) in sequence from top to bottom according to the predetermined point markings. In the initial installation state, the barbs (3.3) of the spearhead (3.1) are in the retracted state. Step 4: Install the lifting vegetation trough (2) from bottom to top. First, install the bottommost lifting vegetation trough (2). Align and snap the connecting component (4.2) at the bottom of the lifting vegetation trough (2) with the socket base (4.3) at the top of the anchor rod (3). Use the weight of the lifting vegetation trough (2) to trigger the pressure-triggered pop-out locking mechanism of the spearhead (3.1) to complete the final locking of the anchor rod (3). Step 5: Connect the inlet (2.2) and outlet (2.3) of the adjacent upper and lower lifting vegetation troughs (2) through the water guide hose (1.4), and connect the top lifting vegetation trough (2) to the water guide pipe (1.3) of the slope top intercepting ditch (1.1) through the water guide hose (1.4) to form a complete water collection network; Step 6: Fill the prepared ecological substrate evenly into the soil filling layer of all the lifting vegetation troughs (2), and lightly compact it to ensure that the ecological substrate is in full contact with the capillary water-conducting core (2.9); Step 7: During the land formation period of the reservoir bank drawdown zone, the water level drops, and the lifting vegetation trough (2) descends to the bottom limit of the sleeve (3.6) inside the anchor rod (3) under the action of gravity. The water storage sponge layer (2.4) is squeezed by the gravity of the trough and the ecological substrate, releasing the stored water. The water is continuously transported upward to the soil filling layer through the capillary water core (2.9) to provide drought-resistant water supply for plant growth. Step 8: During the flooding period of the reservoir bank drawdown zone, the water level rises. The lifting vegetation trough (2) floats up along the anchor rod (3) with the water level under the action of the buoyancy component (2.1). After the water flows into the water collection trough, it is automatically opened by the float valve control mechanism (2.6) and introduced into the water storage sponge layer (2.4). The elastic telescopic mechanism releases elastic potential energy to drive the water storage sponge layer (2.4) to expand and absorb water, thus completing water storage. At the same time, the capillary water guide core (2.9) continuously supplies water to the soil filling layer.

10. The dynamic adaptive ecological slope protection method applicable to reservoir bank drawdown zone slopes according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step four, when installing the upper-level lifting vegetation trough (2), the buoyancy component (2.1) floating plate at the top of the lower-level lifting vegetation trough (2) that has been installed is used as the construction operation platform, and there is no need to build additional high-altitude operation facilities.

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