Method for machining a marine shaft sleeve and marine shaft sleeve
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611004981.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-18
AI Technical Summary
显然，采用上述加工方法进行船用轴套的加工，需要使用两台加工设备，不仅加工成本较高，而且需要反复装卸轴套工件，增加了加工工序、工作人员的劳动量和人工成本，同时降低了轴套加工的工作效率
本发明提供一种船用轴套的加工方法及船用轴套，在切削轴套原件时，加工刀具以递减的进给量和吃刀深度对轴套原件分两次进行切削，即先对轴套原件进行粗加工，采用较大的吃刀量和进给量，可以快速去除轴套原件的待切削余量，此时加工刀具的切削速度较低，可以避免切削速度过大造成加工刀具磨损；之后降低加工刀具的吃刀量和进给量，再对轴套原件进行初步精加工，此时轴套内孔的待切削余量减少，通过降低吃刀量和进给量，可以避免加工刀具切削过量而影响轴套内孔的精度，同时配合较大的切削速度，可以提高切削工作的工作效率；然后加工刀具在二次加工的基础上，在降低吃刀深度和切削速度后对轴套内孔进行三次切削，此时轴套内孔的待切削余量再次减少，且轴套原件的壁厚较小，通过调整加工刀具的吃刀深度和切削速度，一方面可以实现对轴套内孔的二次精加工，避免切削过量，另一方面可以避免切削加工参数过大造成轴套原件变形；最后对轴套内孔进行打磨加工，从而制得船用轴套。
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Figure CN122583906A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of bushing processing technology, and in particular to a processing method for marine bushings and a marine bushing. Background Technology
[0002] Marine bushings are key fundamental components in ship propulsion shafting systems. They are fixedly fitted onto the outer circumference of the stern shaft or intermediate shaft, forming a sliding friction pair with the bearing housing or stern tube. Their main functions include radial support, load transmission, and vibration and noise reduction. The performance of marine bushings directly determines the stability and reliability of the shafting system and the overall service life of the ship, making them one of the core safety components of the ship's propulsion system. Marine bushings are mostly thin-walled, high length-to-diameter ratio cylindrical structures, characterized by thin walls and poor overall rigidity. Therefore, marine bushings are prone to deformation during machining.
[0003] In existing technology, when machining marine bushings, the inner hole of the bushing is first rough-machined on a lathe, while the support position is machined on the outer wall of the bushing. After the inner hole is machined to the set size, the bushing is removed and moved to a boring machine. The bushing is then aligned by clamping and fixing the support position. Finally, the inner hole is finished on the boring machine until the bushing is machined to the design size and accuracy. Obviously, the above machining method for marine bushings requires two machining machines, which not only increases the machining cost but also requires repeated loading and unloading of the bushing workpiece, increasing the machining process, the workload of workers, and labor costs, while reducing the efficiency of bushing machining. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for processing marine bushings and a marine bushing, which can reduce the workload of workers, reduce processing and labor costs, and improve the efficiency of marine bushing processing.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, a method for machining marine bushings is provided, configured to form a marine bushing by cutting a bushing component, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Install the bushing component onto the processing equipment and align the central axis of the bushing component with the processing tool of the processing equipment; S2. First machining stage: According to the design scheme of the marine bushing, control the bushing component to rotate at a first preset speed, adjust the machining angle of the machining tool to a first angle scheme, and control the machining tool to cut the central area of the bushing component at a first cutting speed, a first feed rate and a first depth of cut, so that the bushing component forms a bushing inner hole, until the difference between the diameter of the bushing inner hole and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is a first preset value; S3. Second machining stage: Control the bushing component to rotate at a second preset speed, adjust the machining angle of the machining tool to a second angle scheme, and control the machining tool to cut the hole wall of the bushing inner hole at a second cutting speed, a second feed rate, and a second depth of cut until the difference between the hole diameter of the bushing inner hole and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is a second preset value. S4. Third machining stage: Control the bushing component to rotate at the second preset speed, maintain the machining angle of the machining tool at the second angle scheme, and control the machining tool to cut the hole wall of the bushing inner hole at the third cutting speed, the second feed rate and the third depth of cut until the difference between the hole diameter of the bushing inner hole and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is the third preset value. S5, Fourth processing stage: Control the bushing component to rotate at the second preset speed, and control the grinding equipment to grind the hole wall of the bushing inner hole according to the preset processing scheme until the hole diameter of the bushing inner hole is equal to the inner diameter of the marine bushing, and the roughness of the hole wall of the bushing inner hole is the preset roughness, so that the bushing component is formed into the marine bushing. Wherein, the first cutting speed is less than the second cutting speed and the third cutting speed, and the second cutting speed is greater than the third cutting speed; the first feed rate is greater than the second feed rate; the first depth of cut, the second depth of cut and the third depth of cut decrease sequentially; the first preset rotational speed is less than the second preset rotational speed; the first preset value, the second preset value and the third preset value decrease sequentially.
[0006] Optionally, step S5 specifically includes the following steps: S51. Install a grinding component with a first roughness on a grinding equipment, control the bushing component to rotate at a second preset speed, and control the grinding component with the first roughness to grind the hole wall of the inner hole of the bushing at a preset grinding speed and a preset grinding feed until the difference between the hole diameter of the inner hole of the bushing and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is a fourth preset value. S52. Install a grinding element with a second roughness on the grinding equipment, and control the grinding element with the second roughness to grind the inner wall of the bushing at the preset grinding speed and the preset grinding feed, until the diameter of the inner hole of the bushing is equal to the inner diameter of the marine bushing. S53. Install a grinding component with a third roughness on the grinding equipment, spray polishing liquid on the hole wall of the inner hole of the bushing, and control the grinding component with the third roughness to grind the hole wall of the inner hole of the bushing until the roughness of the hole wall of the inner hole of the bushing is the preset roughness, so that the bushing component is formed into the marine bushing. The fourth preset value is less than the third preset value, and the first roughness, the second roughness, and the third roughness decrease sequentially.
[0007] Optionally, the polishing part having the first roughness is 80-mesh sandpaper, the polishing part having the second roughness is 120-mesh sandpaper, and the polishing part having the third roughness is 180-mesh sandpaper. The preset grinding speed is 40r / min to 45r / min, the preset grinding feed is 3mm / r to 5mm / r, and the fourth preset value is 0.03mm to 0.05mm.
[0008] Optionally, after performing step S2 and before performing step S3, step S30 is performed, which specifically includes the following steps: S301. Disassemble the bushing component and place it vertically for a preset time; S302. Install the bushing component onto the tooling fixture, and hoist the tooling fixture and the bushing component onto the processing equipment; S303. Clamp and fix the tooling fixture on the processing equipment, and align the central axis of the inner hole of the bushing with the processing tool.
[0009] Optionally, the tooling fixture includes a mounting plate, a clamping member, multiple connecting plugs, and multiple fasteners. The mounting plate can be fixed on the processing equipment. One end face of the bushing component is in contact with the clamping surface of the mounting plate, and the central axis of the bushing component coincides with the central axis of the mounting plate. The clamping member is stacked on the side end face of the bushing component facing away from the mounting plate. Multiple connecting plugs are arranged circumferentially around the outside of the bushing component. Both ends of each connecting plug penetrate the mounting plate and the clamping member, and both ends of each connecting plug are threadedly connected to the fasteners.
[0010] Optionally, the first cutting speed is 40 m / min to 60 m / min, the second cutting speed is 70 m / min to 90 m / min, and the third cutting speed is 50 m / min to 70 m / min; The first feed rate is 0.3 mm / r to 0.5 m / r, and the second feed rate is 0.2 mm / r to 0.3 m / r; The first cutting depth is 3mm, the second cutting depth is 2mm, and the third cutting depth is 0.9mm; The first preset rotational speed is 30 r / min, and the second preset rotational speed is 40 r / min.
[0011] Optionally, when the machining tool is adjusted to the first angle scheme, the rake angle of the machining tool is 8° to 12°, the clearance angle is 6° to 8°, and the cutting edge inclination angle is -3° to -5°. When the machining tool is adjusted to the second angle scheme, the front angle of the machining tool is 10° to 12°, the back angle is 8° to 10°, and the cutting edge inclination angle is 0° to 3°.
[0012] Optionally, when performing steps S2, S3, and S4, the cutting fluid needs to be sprayed onto the wall of the inner hole of the bushing.
[0013] Optionally, the first preset value is 3.0mm to 3.2mm, the second preset value is 0.8mm to 1.0mm, and the third preset value is 0.1mm to 0.15mm.
[0014] Secondly, a marine bushing is provided, which is manufactured using the marine bushing processing method described above.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a machining method for marine bushings and the marine bushing itself. When machining the bushing component, the machining tool performs two cuts with decreasing feed rate and depth of cut. First, the bushing component is rough-machined using a larger depth of cut and feed rate to quickly remove the remaining material. At this stage, the cutting speed of the machining tool is low, preventing excessive tool wear. Then, the depth of cut and feed rate are reduced, and the bushing component is preliminarily finished. At this stage, the remaining material in the bushing's inner hole is reduced. By reducing the depth of cut and feed rate, the machining tool's wear is minimized. Excessive cutting can affect the accuracy of the bushing's inner hole. However, using a higher cutting speed can improve the efficiency of the cutting process. Then, based on the secondary machining, the cutting tool performs a third cut on the bushing's inner hole with a reduced depth of cut and cutting speed. At this point, the remaining material to be cut in the bushing's inner hole is reduced again, and the wall thickness of the bushing is relatively small. By adjusting the depth of cut and cutting speed of the cutting tool, a second finishing process can be achieved on the one hand, avoiding excessive cutting, and on the other hand, avoiding deformation of the bushing caused by excessive cutting parameters. Finally, the inner hole of the bushing is ground to obtain the marine bushing.
[0016] The above-described processing method uses only one machining equipment for cutting the bushing component. By adjusting the cutting parameters of the machining tool multiple times and simultaneously rotating the bushing component at different speeds, rapid cutting of the bushing component is achieved. Finally, a grinding machine is used for fine grinding to form the marine bushing. This eliminates the need for repeated disassembly and reassembly of the bushing component, avoiding additional processing steps, reducing labor load, lowering processing and labor costs, and improving the efficiency of marine bushing processing. Furthermore, the closer the boundary line of the bushing's inner hole is to the inner diameter of the marine bushing, the smaller the feed rate and depth of cut of the machining tool, resulting in smoother cutting, reduced cutting vibration, significantly lower surface roughness of the mold's inner hole, reduced subsequent polishing work, lower cutting resistance, and prevention of deformation of the machining tool and bushing component, ensuring the processing quality and manufacturing precision of the marine bushing. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the machining method for marine bushings provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tooling fixture provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] In the picture: 1. Processing equipment; 2. Bushing components; 3. Installation disk; 4. Clamping components; 5. Connecting plugins; 6. Fasteners. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.
[0020] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0021] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0022] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.
[0023] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for processing marine bushings, configured to form a marine bushing by cutting a bushing component 2. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, using this processing method to process marine bushings can reduce the workload of workers, lower processing and labor costs, and improve the efficiency of marine bushing processing.
[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the machining method for marine bushings includes the following steps: S1. Install the bushing 2 onto the processing equipment 1, and align the central axis of the bushing 2 with the processing tool of the processing equipment 1; S2, First machining stage: According to the design scheme of the marine bushing, control the bushing component 2 to rotate at the first preset speed, adjust the machining angle of the machining tool to the first angle scheme, and control the machining tool to cut the central area of the bushing component 2 at the first cutting speed, the first feed rate and the first depth of cut, so that the bushing component 2 forms the bushing inner hole, until the difference between the diameter of the bushing inner hole and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is the first preset value; S3, Second machining stage: Control the bushing component 2 to rotate at the second preset speed, adjust the machining angle of the machining tool to the second angle scheme, and control the machining tool to cut the hole wall of the bushing inner hole at the second cutting speed, the second feed rate and the second depth of cut until the difference between the hole diameter of the bushing inner hole and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is the second preset value. S4. Third machining stage: Control the bushing component 2 to rotate at the second preset speed, maintain the machining angle of the machining tool at the second angle scheme, and control the machining tool to cut the hole wall of the bushing inner hole at the third cutting speed, the second feed rate and the third depth of cut until the difference between the hole diameter of the bushing inner hole and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is the third preset value. S5. Fourth processing stage: Control the bushing component 2 to rotate at the second preset speed, and control the grinding equipment to grind the hole wall of the bushing inner hole according to the preset processing plan until the hole diameter of the bushing inner hole is equal to the inner diameter of the marine bushing, and the roughness of the hole wall of the bushing inner hole is the preset roughness, so that the bushing component 2 is formed into a marine bushing. Among them, the first cutting speed is less than the second and third cutting speeds, and the second cutting speed is greater than the third cutting speed; the first feed rate is greater than the second feed rate; the first depth of cut, the second depth of cut, and the third depth of cut decrease sequentially; the first preset rotational speed is less than the second preset rotational speed; and the first preset value, the second preset value, and the third preset value decrease sequentially.
[0025] When machining the marine bushing, firstly, the bushing component 2 is installed on the machining equipment 1, and the central axis of the machining tool and the bushing component 2 is calibrated to ensure that the machining tool is aligned with the central area of the bushing component 2. Then, the machining tool is adjusted to different angle schemes, and the bushing component 2 is rotated at different speeds. The machining tool is controlled to cut the bushing component 2 three times with different cutting speeds, feed rates, and depths of cut, thereby forming the inner hole of the bushing. The difference between the diameter of the inner hole of the bushing and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is made to a third preset value. Then, the hole wall of the inner hole of the bushing is ground with a grinding equipment until the diameter of the inner hole of the bushing is equal to the inner diameter of the marine bushing, and the roughness of the hole wall is the preset roughness, thereby forming the bushing component 2 into a marine bushing.
[0026] When machining the bushing component 2, the cutting tool performs two cuts with decreasing feed rate and depth of cut. First, the bushing component 2 is rough-machined using a larger depth of cut and feed rate to quickly remove the remaining material. At this stage, the cutting speed of the tool is relatively low to avoid excessive tool wear. Then, the depth of cut and feed rate are reduced for a preliminary finish machining of the bushing component 2. This reduces the remaining material in the bushing's inner hole. By reducing the depth of cut and feed rate, excessive cutting by the tool can be avoided, which could affect the inner hole of the bushing. The precision of the hole, combined with a larger cutting speed, can improve the efficiency of the cutting work. Then, based on the secondary machining, the machining tool performs a third cut on the inner hole of the bushing after reducing the depth of cut and the cutting speed. At this time, the amount of material to be cut in the inner hole of the bushing is reduced again, and the wall thickness of the bushing component 2 is small. By adjusting the depth of cut and the cutting speed of the machining tool, on the one hand, the secondary finishing of the inner hole of the bushing can be achieved, avoiding excessive cutting, and on the other hand, the deformation of the bushing component 2 caused by excessive cutting parameters can be avoided. Finally, the inner hole of the bushing is ground to obtain the marine bushing.
[0027] The above processing method uses only one processing machine 1 to cut the bushing component 2. By adjusting the cutting parameters of the processing tool multiple times, and simultaneously rotating the bushing component 2 at different speeds, rapid cutting of the bushing component 2 is achieved. Finally, a grinding machine is used for fine grinding to form the marine bushing. This eliminates the need for repeated disassembly and reassembly of the bushing component 2, avoiding additional processing steps, reducing labor load, lowering processing and labor costs, and improving the efficiency of marine bushing processing. Furthermore, the closer the boundary line of the bushing's inner hole is to the inner diameter of the marine bushing, the smaller the feed rate and depth of cut of the processing tool, resulting in smoother cutting, reduced cutting vibration, significantly reduced surface roughness of the mold's inner hole, reduced subsequent polishing work, and reduced cutting resistance. This also prevents deformation of the processing tool and the bushing component 2, ensuring the processing quality and manufacturing precision of the marine bushing.
[0028] In this embodiment, the first preset value is 3.0mm to 3.2mm, the second preset value is 0.8mm to 1.0mm, and the third preset value is 0.1mm to 0.15mm.
[0029] For example, the first preset value is 3.0mm, the second preset value is 1.0mm, and the third preset value is 0.1mm.
[0030] Optionally, step S5 specifically includes the following steps: S51. Install a grinding part with a first roughness on the grinding equipment, control the bushing component 2 to rotate at a second preset speed, and control the grinding part with the first roughness to grind the inner wall of the bushing at a preset grinding speed and a preset grinding feed until the difference between the inner diameter of the bushing and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is a fourth preset value. S52. Install a grinding part with a second roughness on the grinding equipment, and control the grinding part with the second roughness to grind the inner wall of the bushing with a preset grinding speed and a preset grinding feed until the inner diameter of the bushing is equal to the inner diameter of the marine bushing. S53. Install a grinding part with a third roughness on the grinding equipment, spray polishing liquid on the hole wall of the inner hole of the bushing, and control the grinding part with the third roughness to grind the hole wall of the inner hole of the bushing until the roughness of the hole wall of the inner hole of the bushing is the preset roughness, so that the bushing original 2 is formed into a marine bushing. The fourth preset value is less than the third preset value, and the first roughness, the second roughness, and the third roughness decrease in sequence.
[0031] During the initial grinding of the inner wall of the bushing, the grinding tool has a relatively high roughness, allowing for quick and stable removal of the grinding allowance. In the second grinding, the grinding allowance decreases, so a grinding tool with a lower roughness is used to avoid over-grinding. Finally, the roughness of the grinding tool is further reduced, and polishing fluid is applied to polish the inner hole of the bushing, achieving a preset roughness for the inner hole wall. This allows the bushing component 2 to be formed into a marine bushing. By using three grinding tools with progressively decreasing roughness, the inner hole wall of the bushing is ground in three stages. This allows for multi-stage grinding of the inner hole, gradually reducing its surface roughness. This enables precise control over the machining accuracy and smoothness of the inner hole surface, preventing errors and deviations caused by excessively fast processing. This ensures that the bushing component 2 can be formed into a marine bushing, guaranteeing the machining effect and product quality of the marine bushing.
[0032] In this embodiment, the fourth preset value is 0.03mm to 0.05mm.
[0033] For example, the fourth preset value is 0.03 mm, and the polishing fluid includes diesel oil.
[0034] Optionally, the grinding material with the first roughness is 80-grit sandpaper, the grinding material with the second roughness is 120-grit sandpaper, and the grinding material with the third roughness is 180-grit sandpaper. By selecting sandpaper with gradually increasing grinding precision as the grinding material, the inner wall of the bushing hole gradually becomes smooth and flat, and the roughness grades gradually decrease, making it easier to control the machining accuracy of the marine bushing. In addition, sandpaper is readily available and inexpensive, and selecting suitable sandpaper makes it easier to control the grinding time and improve grinding efficiency.
[0035] In this embodiment, the preset grinding speed is 40r / min to 45r / min, and the preset grinding feed rate is 3mm / r to 5mm / r.
[0036] For example, the preset grinding speed is 40 r / min and the preset grinding feed rate is 3 mm / r.
[0037] Optionally, step S30 is performed after step S2 and before step S3. Step S30 specifically includes the following steps: S301. Remove the bushing component 2 and place the bushing component 2 vertically for a preset time; S302. Install the bushing 2 onto the tooling fixture, and hoist the tooling fixture and the bushing 2 onto the processing equipment 1. S303. Clamp and fix the tooling fixture on the processing equipment 1, and align the center axis of the inner hole of the bushing with the processing tool.
[0038] By disassembling the bushing component 2 and placing it vertically for a preset time, the internal stress generated during the first machining process of the bushing component 2 can be released, thus releasing stress rebound deformation in advance and preventing continuous deformation of the bushing component 2 during subsequent machining. This effectively ensures the long-term stability of the machining accuracy of the bushing inner hole and helps guarantee the machining quality of marine bushings.
[0039] For example, the preset time is 3 days.
[0040] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, the tooling fixture includes a mounting plate 3, clamping components 4, multiple connecting plugs 5, and multiple fasteners 6. The mounting plate 3 can be fixed to the processing equipment 1. One end face of the bushing component 2 is in contact with the clamping surface of the mounting plate 3, and the central axis of the bushing component 2 coincides with the central axis of the mounting plate 3. The clamping components 4 are stacked on the end face of the bushing component 2 facing away from the mounting plate 3. Multiple connecting plugs 5 are arranged circumferentially around the outside of the bushing component 2. Both ends of each connecting plug 5 pass through the mounting plate 3 and the clamping components 4, and both ends of each connecting plug 5 are threadedly connected to the fasteners 6. By setting the clamping components 4, connecting plugs 5, and fasteners 6, the bushing component 2 can be clamped and installed on the mounting plate 3, and the multiple connecting plugs 5 arranged circumferentially can effectively ensure the stability of the bushing component 2 during installation.
[0041] For example, the connecting plug 5 includes a screw, and the fastener 6 includes a fastening nut.
[0042] In this embodiment, four connecting plugs 5 and four fasteners 6 are provided. In other embodiments, other numbers of connecting plugs 5 and fasteners 6 may be provided as needed, and this is not limited here. It should be noted that pads can be placed between the bushing original 2 and the mounting plate 3, and between the fasteners 6 and the clamping parts 4, to avoid wear on the bushing original 2 and the clamping parts 4, and also to compensate for machining errors.
[0043] Optionally, the first cutting speed is 40 m / min to 60 m / min, the second cutting speed is 70 m / min to 90 m / min, and the third cutting speed is 50 m / min to 70 m / min. The first feed rate is 0.3 mm / r to 0.5 m / r, and the second feed rate is 0.2 mm / r to 0.3 m / r. The first depth of cut is 3 mm, the second depth of cut is 2 mm, and the third depth of cut is 0.9 mm. The first preset rotational speed is 30 r / min, and the second preset rotational speed is 40 r / min. The cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and rotational speed of the bushing component 2 are gradually adjusted according to actual machining needs, ensuring a smooth transition between different machining stages. As the diameter of the bushing's inner bore gradually approaches the inner diameter of the marine bushing, the depth of cut becomes smaller, which helps control cutting precision, resulting in smoother cutting, reduced cutting vibration, and significantly lower surface roughness of the bushing's inner bore. This reduces subsequent polishing work, lowers cutting resistance, prevents deformation of the cutting tool and bushing component 2, and ensures the machining quality and manufacturing precision of the marine bushing. Furthermore, adjusting machining parameters multiple times ensures operational safety and adapts to different machining requirements, thus better controlling the product quality of the marine bushing.
[0044] For example, the first cutting speed is 40 m / min, the second cutting speed is 70 m / min, and the third cutting speed is 50 m / min; the first feed rate is 0.3 mm / r, and the second feed rate is 0.2 mm / r.
[0045] In this embodiment, when the machining tool is adjusted to the first angle scheme, the rake angle of the machining tool is 8° to 12°, the clearance angle is 6° to 8°, and the cutting edge inclination angle is -3° to -5°. When the machining tool is adjusted to the second angle scheme, the rake angle of the machining tool is 10° to 12°, the clearance angle is 8° to 10°, and the cutting edge inclination angle is 0° to 3°.
[0046] For example, when the machining tool is adjusted to the first angle scheme, the rake angle of the machining tool is 8°, the clearance angle is 6°, and the inclination angle is -3°. When the machining tool is adjusted to the second angle scheme, the rake angle of the machining tool is 10°, the clearance angle is 8°, and the inclination angle is 0°.
[0047] Optionally, cutting fluid must be sprayed onto the inner wall of the bushing bore during steps S2, S3, and S4. Spraying cutting fluid onto the inner wall of the bushing bore washes away surface impurities and cutting debris, preventing debris accumulation in the machining area and avoiding its impact on the machining accuracy of the marine bushing. Simultaneously, the cutting fluid absorbs heat generated during machining and carries it away through its fluidity, preventing the bushing component 2 from deforming or burning due to overheating. Furthermore, the cutting fluid reduces the impact of the machining tool on the bushing component 2, improving machining quality, significantly enhancing the surface finish and machining accuracy of the marine bushing bore, and reducing the scrap rate.
[0048] Example 2 This embodiment provides a marine bushing, which is manufactured using the same machining method as described in Embodiment 1. The marine bushing manufactured using this method has high machining quality and manufacturing precision, and a high surface flatness.
[0049] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for machining a marine bushing, configured to form a marine bushing by cutting a bushing element (2), characterized in that, The machining method for the marine bushing includes the following steps: S1. Install the bushing original (2) on the processing equipment (1) and align the central axis of the bushing original (2) with the processing tool of the processing equipment (1); S2, First processing stage: According to the design scheme of the marine bushing, control the bushing component (2) to rotate at a first preset speed, adjust the processing angle of the processing tool to a first angle scheme, and control the processing tool to cut the central area of the bushing component (2) at a first cutting speed, a first feed rate and a first depth of cut, so that the bushing component (2) forms a bushing inner hole until the difference between the diameter of the bushing inner hole and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is a first preset value; S3, Second processing stage: Control the bushing component (2) to rotate at a second preset speed, adjust the processing angle of the processing tool to a second angle scheme, and control the processing tool to cut the hole wall of the bushing inner hole at a second cutting speed, a second feed rate and a second depth of cut until the difference between the hole diameter of the bushing inner hole and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is a second preset value. S4, Third processing stage: Control the bushing component (2) to rotate at the second preset speed, maintain the processing angle of the processing tool at the second angle scheme, and control the processing tool to cut the hole wall of the bushing inner hole at the third cutting speed, the second feed rate and the third depth of cut until the difference between the hole diameter of the bushing inner hole and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is the third preset value. S5, Fourth processing stage: Control the bushing component (2) to rotate at the second preset speed, and control the grinding equipment to grind the hole wall of the bushing inner hole with a preset processing scheme until the hole diameter of the bushing inner hole is equal to the inner diameter of the marine bushing, and the roughness of the hole wall of the bushing inner hole is a preset roughness, so that the bushing component (2) is formed into the marine bushing; Wherein, the first cutting speed is less than the second cutting speed and the third cutting speed, and the second cutting speed is greater than the third cutting speed; the first feed rate is greater than the second feed rate; the first depth of cut, the second depth of cut and the third depth of cut decrease sequentially; the first preset rotational speed is less than the second preset rotational speed; the first preset value, the second preset value and the third preset value decrease sequentially.
2. The machining method for marine bushings according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 specifically includes the following steps: S51. Install a grinding component with a first roughness on a grinding equipment, control the bushing component (2) to rotate at the second preset speed, and control the grinding component with the first roughness to grind the hole wall of the bushing inner hole at a preset grinding speed and a preset grinding feed until the difference between the hole diameter of the bushing inner hole and the inner diameter of the marine bushing is a fourth preset value. S52. Install a grinding element with a second roughness on the grinding equipment, and control the grinding element with the second roughness to grind the inner wall of the bushing at the preset grinding speed and the preset grinding feed, until the diameter of the inner hole of the bushing is equal to the inner diameter of the marine bushing. S53. Install a grinding component with a third roughness on the grinding equipment, spray polishing liquid on the hole wall of the inner hole of the bushing, and control the grinding component with the third roughness to grind the hole wall of the inner hole of the bushing until the roughness of the hole wall of the inner hole of the bushing is the preset roughness, so that the bushing component (2) is formed into the marine bushing. The fourth preset value is less than the third preset value, and the first roughness, the second roughness, and the third roughness decrease sequentially.
3. The machining method for marine bushings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The grinding part with the first roughness is 80-grit sandpaper, the grinding part with the second roughness is 120-grit sandpaper, and the grinding part with the third roughness is 180-grit sandpaper. The preset grinding speed is 40r / min to 45r / min, the preset grinding feed is 3mm / r to 5mm / r, and the fourth preset value is 0.03mm to 0.05mm.
4. The machining method for marine bushings according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step S2 is executed and before step S3 is executed, step S30 is executed, which specifically includes the following steps: S301. Disassemble the bushing component (2) and place the bushing component (2) vertically for a preset time; S302. Install the bushing original (2) on the tooling fixture, and hoist the tooling fixture and the bushing original (2) to the processing equipment (1); S303. Clamp and fix the tooling fixture on the processing equipment (1), and align the central axis of the inner hole of the bushing with the processing tool.
5. The machining method for marine bushings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tooling fixture includes a mounting plate (3), a clamping member (4), multiple connecting plugs (5) and multiple fasteners (6). The mounting plate (3) can be fixed on the processing equipment (1). One side end face of the bushing (2) is in contact with the clamping surface of the mounting plate (3), and the central axis of the bushing (2) coincides with the central axis of the mounting plate (3). The clamping member (4) is stacked on the side end face of the bushing (2) away from the mounting plate (3). Multiple connecting plugs (5) are arranged in a circumferential ring around the bushing (2) on the outside of the bushing (2). The two ends of each connecting plug (5) pass through the mounting plate (3) and the clamping member (4), and the two ends of each connecting plug (5) are threadedly connected to the fasteners (6).
6. The method for machining marine bushings according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first cutting speed is 40 m / min to 60 m / min, the second cutting speed is 70 m / min to 90 m / min, and the third cutting speed is 50 m / min to 70 m / min; The first feed rate is 0.3 mm / r to 0.5 m / r, and the second feed rate is 0.2 mm / r to 0.3 m / r; The first cutting depth is 3mm, the second cutting depth is 2mm, and the third cutting depth is 0.9mm; The first preset rotational speed is 30 r / min, and the second preset rotational speed is 40 r / min.
7. The method for machining marine bushings according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, When the machining tool is adjusted to the first angle scheme, the rake angle of the machining tool is 8° to 12°, the clearance angle is 6° to 8°, and the cutting edge inclination angle is -3° to -5°. When the machining tool is adjusted to the second angle scheme, the front angle of the machining tool is 10° to 12°, the back angle is 8° to 10°, and the cutting edge inclination angle is 0° to 3°.
8. The method for machining marine bushings according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, When performing steps S2, S3, and S4, the cutting fluid must be sprayed onto the wall of the inner hole of the bushing.
9. The method for machining marine bushings according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first preset value is 3.0mm to 3.2mm, the second preset value is 0.8mm to 1.0mm, and the third preset value is 0.1mm to 0.15mm.
10. A marine bushing, characterized in that, It is manufactured using the machining method for marine bushings as described in any one of claims 1-9.