A soil sampling barrel, a soil sampler and a soil sampling method

Abstract

This invention discloses a soil sampling cylinder, a soil sampler, and a soil sampling method, relating to the field of geological exploration technology. The invention includes a cutting blade, which is a hollow cylinder with a straight inner and outwardly inclined circular cutting edge at the front end, and a threaded connection at the rear end to a steel cylinder. The inner wall of the steel cylinder is stacked with ring cutters whose inner diameter matches that of the cutting blade. An anchor rod is fixedly installed on the lower surface of a pad, and the upper surface is fixedly connected to a horizontal adjustment component. The horizontal adjustment component is fixedly connected to an equipment box, and a guide sleeve is installed at the center of the equipment box. Guide grooves are evenly spaced around the guide sleeve, and a guide limiting component is slidably installed within the guide grooves. The equipment box is threadedly connected to the steel cylinder via a vertical pressure component. This invention provides a soil sampling cylinder, a soil sampler, and a soil sampling method, featuring automatic horizontal calibration, guide limiting, static pressure undisturbed sampling, and digital traceability of samples. It also significantly reduces the cost and material requirements of the cutting blade, laying the foundation for cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological exploration and geological disaster prevention technology, and in particular to a soil sampling tube, soil sampler and soil sampling method with natural stress state. Background Technology

[0002] The testing of soil mechanical properties is significantly affected by sample quality. Like a spring, its load-bearing capacity differs greatly depending on whether it is stressed or unstressed. Due to limitations in sampling and encapsulation techniques, natural soil samples used in laboratory testing no longer possess natural stress; only the forces connecting soil particles remain. Furthermore, in engineering operations such as pollution surveys, farmland soil fertility testing, roadbed geotechnical investigations, and site geological exploration, undisturbed soil samples are required for subsequent physicochemical index testing. The integrity and undisturbed nature of undisturbed soil samples directly determine the accuracy of soil testing data. Currently, mainstream soil sampling equipment on the market still suffers from numerous structural defects, making it difficult to meet the high-standard requirements for undisturbed soil sampling.

[0003] First, conventional sampling equipment has a simple bottom support structure, which cannot automatically level itself when placed on uneven outdoor ground. The sampling blade is prone to tilting and shifting during the downward sampling process, which not only crushes and destroys the original soil structure, causing soil sample stratification, cracking, and deformation, but also leads to deviations in sampling depth, making it impossible to guarantee the verticality of deep soil sampling. Second, most traditional sampling equipment relies on manual knocking, manual pressing, or a single hydraulic direct pressure method, which has a large impact force and will severely disturb the surrounding soil layers, completely destroying the physical structure of the original soil. At the same time, the lack of a circumferential guide and limiting structure during the sampling process makes it easy for the cutting blade to wobble radially when descending, further aggravating soil sample disturbance. Finally, the encapsulation technology of removing the sample from the sampler and then sealing it with a flexible sample box, or the rigid encapsulation but the indoor method of directly pushing the soil sample, both cause serious disturbance to the soil sample.

[0004] Furthermore, after sampling is completed, information such as sampling location, sampling depth, sampling time, and soil type is recorded manually by handwritten labels. This manual recording is inefficient and prone to problems such as illegible handwriting, incorrect information, and lost labels. In addition, data from the laboratory testing end and the field sampling end cannot be synchronized in real time, resulting in data delays and data incompatibility. This increases the workload of the entire soil testing process and makes it impossible to achieve full traceability and control of soil samples.

[0005] Finally, the existing sampling knife measurement results have large errors and are costly in the measurement process.

[0006] In addition, traditional hydraulic sampling devices have a simple pressurization structure, and the cutting blade is prone to torque during the pressing process. The blade body is subjected to uneven force, and long-term use can easily lead to failures such as blade body deformation and breakage at threaded connections, resulting in a short service life of the equipment.

[0007] Developing a specialized soil sampler that can automatically level, guide and limit, perform static pressure sampling without disturbance, and is equipped with digital traceability of samples, while matching standardized sampling processes, to improve the overall quality and efficiency of field soil sampling, has become a technical challenge that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a soil sampling tube, a soil sampler, and a soil sampling method to solve the problems listed in the background art.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a soil sampling tube, including a cutting blade, which is a hollow cylinder. The front end of the cutting blade has a circular cutting edge that is straight inside and inclined outside, and the cutting edge thickness is less than 1 mm. The rear end of the cutting blade is threadedly connected to a steel cylinder. The inner wall of the steel cylinder is stacked with ring cutters, and the outer wall of the ring cutters is engraved with a QR code, which is used in conjunction with a handheld terminal. The inner diameter of the cutting blade is the same as the inner diameter of the ring blade.

[0010] A soil sampler includes a pad, on the lower surface of which an anchor rod is fixedly mounted; The upper surface of the pad is fixedly connected to the leveling component, the upper surface of the leveling component is fixedly connected to the equipment box, and a guide sleeve is installed at the center of the upper surface of the equipment box; Guide grooves are arranged at equal intervals around the guide sleeve, and the guide grooves are arranged on the upper surface of the equipment box. A guide limiting component is slidably installed in the guide groove; A vertical pressurization assembly is installed on the upper surface of the equipment box, and the vertical pressurization assembly is threadedly connected to the steel cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, the leveling assembly includes a first hydraulic rod, the non-working ends of the first hydraulic rod are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the upper surface of the pad, the working end of the first hydraulic rod is equipped with a movable ball, the movable ball is hinged to the opening of the ball joint support, and the non-working end of the ball joint support is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the equipment box. The first hydraulic rod is connected to the hydraulic station.

[0012] Preferably, a motor is installed inside the equipment box, the working end of the motor is fixedly connected to a screw, the screw is arranged inside the guide groove, and the screw is threadedly connected to the guide limiting assembly; The equipment box contains a level, which is electrically connected to a controller, and the controller is electrically connected to the hydraulic station.

[0013] Preferably, the guide limiting assembly includes a guide frame, the lower end of which is threadedly connected to the screw, and the guide frame is slidably connected to the guide groove; Guide wheels are installed between the opposite faces of the guide frame.

[0014] Preferably, the vertical pressurization assembly includes a second hydraulic rod, the non-working end of which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the equipment box, and the working end of which is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the pressure plate; A connecting column is installed in the middle of the lower surface of the pressure plate, and a turntable is installed on the lower surface of the connecting column. The turntable is rotatably connected to the pressure cover. The pressure-bearing cover is threaded to the steel cylinder.

[0015] A soil sampling method includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the base plate. After cleaning the ground to be sampled, drive the anchor rod into the ground to further fix the base plate. Step 2: Leveling the equipment box. The level inside the equipment box works and transmits the collected data to the controller. The controller controls the first hydraulic rod to work based on the collected data to level the equipment box. Step 3: Assemble and debug the soil sampling tube and guide structure. Connect the cutting blade to the steel tube with threads, and stack the ring blades on the inner wall of the steel tube in sequence. Connect the non-working end of the steel tube to the pressure cover with threads. Further, pass the cutting blade and steel tube through the guide tube so that the guide wheel is slidably connected to the outer wall of the steel tube. Step 4: Sampling. The second hydraulic rod retracts, causing the pressure plate to move downwards. Furthermore, static pressure is applied to the cutting blade through the pressure plate, connecting column, turntable, and pressure cover, allowing the cutting blade to penetrate deep into the sand or soil layer for sampling. Step 5: Sample preservation. The second hydraulic rod rises, causing the pressure plate to move upward. This further causes the connecting column, turntable, and pressure cover to move the cutting blade upward, separating the ring blade containing the sample from the cutting blade for preservation. After separation, a handheld terminal is used to scan the QR code on the ring blade to edit the ring blade sampling information, ensuring that sampling and testing work share unified data and reducing repetitive operations and information delays.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention relates to a soil sampling tube, a soil sampler, and a soil sampling method. It can automatically perform closed-loop horizontal calibration, is suitable for complex field operation sites, and uses a level, a PLC controller, and multiple sets of independent hydraulic rods to form a closed-loop automatic leveling system. With the help of a spherical pair adaptive hinge structure, it can autonomously compensate for the equipment tilt angle deviation caused by ground slope and uneven surface, without the need for manual calibration. It can be adapted to unconventional sampling sites such as mountain slopes and uneven bare ground, and always ensures that the cutting blade is in a vertical working posture. It relies on the top center guide sleeve and the outer circumferential guide wheel to form a double limiting structure. At the same time, the guide wheel spacing can be adaptively adjusted by the motor to accommodate multiple specifications of cutting blades, and the horizontal offset of the blade is limited throughout the process, further ensuring the integrity of the original soil sample. Furthermore, abandoning the traditional crude sampling methods of knocking and impacting, a hydraulic constant static pressure soil entry mode is adopted, which is combined with a rotating turntable to dynamically release the soil entry torque. There is no vibration or squeezing disturbance, and the soil pore structure and soil layer structure are completely preserved, effectively improving the accuracy of soil test results. A unique QR code is laser-engraved to identify the ring knife independently. On-site scanning of the code allows for one-click uploading of all dimensions of sampling information, enabling real-time sharing of field sampling and laboratory testing data. This replaces manual paper records, avoids problems such as manual data entry errors and lost ledgers, and standardizes the entire process of soil sampling data management system to achieve one item, one code, and digital traceability, breaking down data barriers throughout the entire process. Meanwhile, the parameters are highly adjustable and adaptable, covering all types of soil sampling scenarios. The equipment's pressing speed, output hydraulic pressure, and guide clamping distance can all be electrically controlled and steplessly adjusted. It can adapt to various soil types such as silty soil, loam, sandy soil, and hard clay, covering all scenarios of shallow farmland sampling, mid-level roadbed exploration, and deep geological exploration. It is a multi-purpose machine that reduces equipment procurement costs. Furthermore, the cutting edge thickness is less than 1mm, which facilitates the separation of soil samples from the strata at the cutting edge. The sample for testing is then guided into the ring cutter inside the steel cylinder through the cutting edge. The extremely thin cutting edge allows the soil sample to enter the inner side of the cutting edge with minimal compression and disturbance. The less soil particles are compressed into the inner soil sample, the less disturbance is caused to the soil sample inside the cutting edge. By using special quenching to ensure rigidity of the cutting edge and increasing the thickness of the rear part of the cutting edge to ensure rigidity, the technology of achieving extremely low disturbance with a thin edge and high stability with a thick wall significantly reduces the cost and material requirements of the cutting edge, laying the foundation for cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of a soil sampler according to the present invention; Figure 2This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a soil sampler according to the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a soil sampler according to the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of soil sampling using the soil sampling tube of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Anchor bolt; 2-Plate; 3-First hydraulic rod; 4-Equipment box; 5-Guide frame; 6-Second hydraulic rod; 7-Pressure plate; 8-Connecting column; 9-Turntable; 10-Pressure cover; 11-Guide wheel; 12-Guide sleeve; 13-Cutter; 14-Guide groove; 15-Spherical hinge support; 16-Soil layer to be sampled; 161-Waste soil; 162-Sample to be tested; 163-Soil sample from the straight section of the cutting edge; 17-Ring cutter; 18-Steel cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a soil sampling tube includes a cutting blade 13, which is a hollow cylinder. The front end of the cutting blade 13 has a circular cutting edge that is straight inside and inclined outside, and the cutting edge thickness is less than 1 mm. The rear end of the cutting blade 13 is threadedly connected to a steel cylinder 18. The inner wall of the steel cylinder 18 is stacked with ring cutters 17, and the outer wall of the ring cutter 17 is engraved with a QR code, which is used in conjunction with a handheld terminal. The inner diameter of the cutting blade 13 is the same as that of the ring blade 17, which facilitates the cutting of the soil sample at the cutting edge of the cutting blade 13 and the introduction of the sample for testing into the ring blade 17. The thinner the cutting edge of the cutting blade 13, the less the soil sample is squeezed and disturbed when it enters the inner side of the cutting blade. The rigidity is ensured by special quenching of the cutting edge and by increasing the thickness of the rear part of the cutting blade. This greatly reduces the cost and material requirements of the cutting blade and lays the foundation for cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Meanwhile, each ring cutter 17 has a unique QR code processed by laser engraving on its outer side wall. Unlike conventional adhesive QR code labels, the laser engraved pattern is resistant to soil friction, rain erosion, and impact from outdoor machinery. It will not fall off or become blurred during long-term outdoor use. The QR code can be wirelessly scanned and matched with a handheld terminal in the field to achieve unique coding binding for each ring cutter, meeting the standardized requirements for full life cycle traceability of soil test samples. During sampling, under vertical pressure, the cutting blade 13 is pressed into the soil layer 16 to be sampled. The soil sample taken is introduced through the cutting blade 13 and stored in the ring cutter 17. The soil layer 16 to be sampled includes waste soil 161, test sample 162, and soil sample 163 diverted from the straight section of the cutting edge. The quality of the test sample 162 directly determines the reliability of the test data. Although the waste soil 161 has no direct impact on the test sample, it has a significant impact on the stability of the cutting blade and the steel cylinder. The soil sample 163 diverted from the straight section of the cutting edge directly affects the quality of the test sample 162. Based on the principles of probability, during the process of the cutting blade 13 pressing into the soil layer, the soil particles at the point where the soil sample 163 is diverted in the straight section of the blade have a 50% probability of moving outward from the cutting blade and a 50% probability of moving inward from the cutting blade, thus creating radial compression on the test sample 162. The stronger this compression, the greater the disturbance to the test soil sample. To significantly reduce or eliminate this disturbance, traditional technology uses thin-walled samplers as a solution. However, in production practice, the stress stability, material strength, and manufacturing cost of thin-walled structures greatly restrict development. Currently, a sampler with a wall thickness of 4mm costs approximately 25,000 to 36,000 yuan. Furthermore, through the above mechanical analysis, it can be seen that once the soil particles diverted to the outside of the cutting blade 13 at the point where the soil sample 163 is diverted in the straight section of the blade, provided that the cutting blade and steel cylinder have sufficient stability, they will not have any impact on the test sample 162. Therefore, an extremely thin cutting edge (d < 1 mm) is designed to solve the disturbance problem, while a thicker wall of 5-8 mm is used. Maintaining overall stability by using mm is the preferred measure to achieve "three benefits in one" of low sample disturbance, controllable manufacturing cost, and high equipment stability. The cost of such a sampler is less than 5,000 yuan.

[0022] A soil sampler includes a base plate 2, which is integrally cut from a high-strength carbon structural steel plate. The base plate is a square flat plate with excellent overall bending stiffness and no elastic deformation during pressure bearing, providing a stable installation benchmark for the entire machine. Multiple sets of anchor rods 1 are fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the base plate 2. The anchor rods 1 adopt an integral conical pointed pile structure, and the surface of the pile body is treated with anti-rust hardening. The multiple sets of anchor rods are evenly arranged in an array at the four corners of the base plate, which can quickly penetrate into the original soil layer in the field. Through mechanical anchoring, the horizontal displacement and vertical warping of the entire machine are restrained, eliminating the equipment offset problem caused by sampling reaction force and ensuring the stability of the overall machine's operating benchmark. The upper surface of the pad 2 is fixedly connected to the horizontal adjustment component, and the top of the horizontal adjustment component is rigidly connected to the bottom surface of the equipment box 4. The equipment box 4 adopts a fully sealed waterproof and dustproof sheet metal box with an IP65 protection level, which can be adapted to complex outdoor working conditions such as rain, dust, and high and low temperature alternation, and isolates external environmental impurities and moisture, protecting the stable operation of electrical control components and hydraulic transmission components inside the box. The guide sleeve 12 is fixedly installed at the center of the upper surface of the equipment box 4. The guide sleeve 12 is made of high chromium wear-resistant alloy. Its inner hole size is clearance-fitted with the outer diameter of the cutting blade 13, which can provide central vertical primary guidance for the cutting blade and limit the initial horizontal offset of the cutting blade. The guide sleeve 12 has multiple guide grooves 14 at equal angles along its outer periphery. Each guide groove 14 is a closed elongated slide groove with a wear-resistant liner welded to its inner wall. This allows for radial limiting of the guide limiting components, preventing derailment or jamming during operation. Guide limiting components are slidably assembled inside each guide groove 14. The central guide sleeve and multiple sets of circumferential guide limiting components form a double limiting structure, which can constrain the vertical movement of the cutting blade throughout its entire stroke, completely avoiding radial sway and angular deviation during the entire process of the cutting blade pressing down and lifting. The upper surface of the equipment box 4 is equipped with a vertical pressurization component. The power output end of the vertical pressurization component is detachably connected to the non-cutting end of the steel cylinder 18 by a thread. It can adopt a constant static pressure output mode, with no impact load or instantaneous vibration throughout the process, thus preserving the original layered structure of the soil to the greatest extent and reducing soil disturbance from the power source.

[0023] Specifically, the leveling component includes three or more sets of first hydraulic rods 3. The bottom end of the cylinder of the first hydraulic rod 3 is fixedly installed at an equal angle on the upper surface of the pad 2, which can realize the height adjustment of the equipment. The piston rod of the first hydraulic rod 3 is equipped with a movable ball. The movable ball is spherically hinged to the open end of the ball joint support 15. The spherical pair can realize multi-degree-of-freedom adaptive deflection, compensate for the angular deviation between the equipment box and the hydraulic rod during the leveling process, eliminate the additional mechanical stress generated by the rigid connection, and avoid structural damage such as rod bending and box bottom plate cracking. The top of the ball joint support 15 is welded and fixed to the lower surface of the equipment box 4. All the first hydraulic rods are connected to an external hydraulic station, which centrally supplies hydraulic power to ensure that the action response of each group of hydraulic rods is synchronized and the output pressure is stable and consistent.

[0024] Specifically, a stepper motor is fixedly installed inside the equipment box 4. The motor is a low-speed, high-torque closed-loop stepper motor, which can start and stop smoothly, control the speed, and has no running shock. The output shaft of the motor is coaxially fixedly connected to the transmission screw. The transmission screw is horizontally arranged along the length of the guide groove 14, and the screw body passes through the guide limit assembly to form a threaded transmission pair. The motor can rotate in both directions to drive the screw to rotate bidirectionally, thereby driving the guide and limit components to make horizontal radial feed motion along the guide groove. It can be adapted to cutting blades with different outer diameter specifications, improving the equipment's versatility and adaptability. The equipment box 4 integrates a high-precision dual-axis electronic level, which can collect simulated horizontal and vertical tilt angle signals of the equipment box in real time. The signal output terminal of the level is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the PLC controller, and the control terminal of the controller is electrically connected to the electromagnetic proportional valve of the hydraulic station, thus constructing a fully automatic closed-loop control system of signal acquisition-calculation feedback-execution adjustment. It can automatically complete the horizontal attitude calibration of the whole machine without manual visual observation and adjustment.

[0025] Specifically, the guide and limiting assembly includes an integrated bent triangular guide frame 5. The guide frame 5 is made of alloy steel plate and has high structural strength and is not easily deformed under stress. The lower end of the guide frame 5 is threadedly connected to the transmission screw, and the side wall of the guide frame 5 is slidably fitted with the guide groove 14. The guide frame 5 is rotatably equipped with guide wheels 11. The guide wheels 11 are made of high elasticity and wear-resistant rubber material, which can both conform to the outer wall of the cutting blade to achieve low-friction vertical sliding guidance and avoid scratching the outer wall of the cutting blade by hard metal wheels. Multiple sets of guide wheels 11 are arranged around the outer periphery of the cutting blade and cooperate with the central guide sleeve 12 to ensure that the steel cylinder 18 always maintains a vertical posture to complete the up and down reciprocating motion.

[0026] Specifically, the vertical pressurization assembly includes a second hydraulic rod 6, the bottom end of which is rigidly fixed to the upper surface of the equipment box 4, and the top end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic rod 6 is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the pressure plate 7; the pressure plate 7 is made of thickened pressure-bearing steel plate, which can evenly distribute the hydraulic output pressure and avoid the problem of pressure plate deformation and uneven local stress caused by single-point stress concentration; The lower surface of the pressure plate 7 is vertically fixed to the center of the connecting column 8. The bottom end of the connecting column 8 is equipped with a thrust turntable 9. The turntable 9 is rotatably connected to the pressure cover 10. The two can achieve 360° unobstructed relative rotation. The rotating structure can release the circumferential reverse torque generated by the soil layer during the cutting process of the cutting blade, avoid the torque from being transmitted to the hydraulic rod and the threaded connection position, and prevent the connecting parts from fatigue fracture and the blade body from torsional deformation. The lower end of the pressure-bearing cover 10 is detachably connected to the upper end of the steel cylinder 18 by threads, and the threaded connection structure is easy to assemble and disassemble.

[0027] This invention also discloses an undisturbed soil sampling method based on the aforementioned soil sampling tube and soil sampler. This method relies on the equipment's automated control logic and employs a fully automated leveling, constant static pressure sampling, and digital traceability and archiving integrated process. It minimizes soil disturbance, standardizes the operation process, and allows for full data traceability. The specific process steps are as follows: Step 1: Mounting and Installation. In the early stage of sampling, the surface of the pre-set sampling point is pre-treated to thoroughly remove weeds, gravel, construction waste, and surface loose soil, ensuring that there are no hard protrusions or soft interlayers on the sampling reference surface. Place the mounting plate 2 above the pre-treated sampling point and use a hydraulic tamper to vertically tamp the bottom anchor rod 1 into the original soil layer, ensuring that the anchor rod is completely detached from the surface loose soil layer, so that the bottom surface of the mounting plate is tightly attached to the original ground surface, completing the anchoring and fixing of the entire machine base, preventing problems such as sinking, slippage, and warping of the base during subsequent pressure sampling, and providing a stable reference for vertical sampling. Step 2: The equipment box is automatically leveled. After the base is anchored, the entire machine control system is powered on. The dual-axis level inside the equipment box collects the bidirectional tilt angle data of the box in real time and transmits the analog signal to the PLC controller in real time. The controller compares the real-time tilt angle data with the built-in standard level threshold, and outputs multiple independent control signals through calculation and analysis to drive the hydraulic station to regulate the independent extension and retraction of each group of first hydraulic rods. Under the adaptive compensation of the spherical hinge structure, the height of each position of the equipment box is precisely fine-tuned until the bidirectional tilt angle meets the allowable horizontal error range. The controller automatically locks the stroke of each group of hydraulic rods to lock the horizontal posture of the equipment, thus avoiding the soil compression and damage caused by tilted sampling from the source. Step 3: Assemble and debug the soil sampling tube and guide structure. On-site operators, based on the soil layer type and target sampling depth, match the corresponding specifications of the cutting blade 13 and standard ring cutter. Tighten the lower end of the steel tube to the cutting blade thread. Multiple sets of ring cutters are tightly stacked inside the steel tube from bottom to top, ensuring a seamless fit between the ring cutter ends to prevent soil sample leakage and layer misalignment. The upper end of the steel cylinder is threaded and locked to the pressure cover 10. Then, the stepper motor inside the box is started. The motor drives the transmission screw to rotate, driving multiple sets of circumferential guide frames to feed radially synchronously, so that the guide wheels fit tightly against the outer wall of the cutting blade. At the same time, the cutting blade and the steel cylinder are vertically passed through the top guide sleeve to complete the double limiting assembly of center guidance and circumferential encirclement. After the assembly is completed, the motor position is locked to ensure that the guide structure does not shift during the entire sampling process. Step 4: Static pressure undisturbed soil sampling. After the assembly process is completed, the control system starts the vertical pressurization process, controlling the second hydraulic rod to retract the piston rod at a preset constant speed, driving the pressure plate to descend smoothly and vertically. During the descent, the hydraulic pressure is transmitted sequentially through the pressure plate, connecting column, and thrust turntable to the pressure cover and cutting blade. The entire process outputs static pressure, without impact or vibration. During the cutting process, the reverse torque of the soil layer can be dynamically released through the free rotation of the thrust turntable, avoiding torsional damage to the transmission structure. The cutting blade maintains an absolutely vertical posture and cuts into the soil layer under the constraint of the bidirectional limiting structure. The internal ring blade completely accommodates the undisturbed soil, with no squeezing or disturbance throughout the process, completely preserving the original profile structure and physical properties of the soil. Step 5: Sample Separation, Preservation, and Digital Information Entry. After the cutting blade reaches the preset sampling depth, the system automatically executes a 3-second pressure holding process to eliminate the adsorption force between the outer wall of the blade and the surrounding soil, preventing surface soil from adhering to and entering the cutting blade during the lifting process. This ensures that the soil sample profile corresponds one-to-one with the original soil layer. After pressure holding is completed, the second hydraulic rod resets at a low and uniform speed, driving the cutting blade to rise vertically and detach from the soil layer. This avoids soil sample detachment and stratification damage caused by blade lifting and shaking. The staff disassembles the threaded connection between the cutting blade and the pressure cover, vertically removes the built-in ring blade, and quickly assembles the upper and lower sealing covers to isolate air and prevent soil moisture loss and organic matter oxidation and deterioration. Subsequently, the laser QR code on the outer wall of the ring blade is scanned using a handheld terminal in the field to batch enter traceability data such as sampling coordinates, sampling depth, soil layer type, environmental parameters, and personnel information. The data is uploaded to the cloud server in real time, realizing interconnection and interoperability of data between the field sampling end, the on-site quality control end, and the laboratory testing end. This eliminates industry pain points such as manual ledger errors, data lag, and data loss, and builds a full-process traceability and control system for soil samples.

[0028] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0029] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil sampling tube, characterized in that: Includes a cutting blade (13), which is a hollow cylinder. The front end of the cutting blade (13) has a circular cutting edge that is straight inside and inclined outside. The cutting edge thickness of the cutting blade (13) is less than 1 mm. The rear end of the cutting blade (13) is threadedly connected to the steel cylinder (18). The inner sidewall of the steel cylinder (18) is stacked with ring cutters (17), and the outer sidewall of the ring cutters (17) is engraved with a QR code, which is used in conjunction with a handheld terminal. The inner diameter of the cutting blade (13) is the same as the inner diameter of the ring blade (17).

2. A soil sampler, connected to a soil sampling tube as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes a pad (2), on the lower surface of which an anchor rod (1) is fixedly installed; The upper surface of the pad (2) is fixedly connected to the horizontal adjustment component, the upper surface of the horizontal adjustment component is fixedly connected to the equipment box (4), and a guide sleeve (12) is installed at the center of the upper surface of the equipment box (4). Guide grooves (14) are arranged at equal intervals around the guide sleeve (12), and the guide grooves (14) are arranged on the upper surface of the equipment box (4). A guide limiting component is slidably installed in the guide groove (14); A vertical pressurization assembly is installed on the upper surface of the equipment box (4), and the vertical pressurization assembly is threadedly connected to the steel cylinder (18).

3. A soil sampler according to claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal adjustment assembly includes a first hydraulic rod (3), the non-working ends of the first hydraulic rod (3) are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the upper surface of the pad (2), the working end of the first hydraulic rod (3) is equipped with a movable ball, the movable ball is hinged to the opening of the ball hinge support (15), and the non-working end of the ball hinge support (15) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the equipment box (4). The first hydraulic rod (3) is connected to the hydraulic station.

4. A soil sampler according to claim 3, characterized in that: A motor is installed inside the equipment box (4). The working end of the motor is fixedly connected to the screw. The screw is arranged inside the guide groove (14). The screw is threadedly connected to the guide limiting assembly. A level is installed inside the equipment box (4). The level is electrically connected to the controller, and the controller is electrically connected to the hydraulic station.

5. A soil sampler according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide limiting assembly includes a guide frame (5), the lower end of which is threadedly connected to the screw, and the guide frame (5) is slidably connected to the guide groove (14). Guide wheels (11) are installed between the opposite faces of the guide frame (5).

6. A soil sampler according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vertical pressurization assembly includes a second hydraulic rod (6), the non-working end of which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the equipment box (4), and the working end of which is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the pressure plate (7). A connecting column (8) is installed in the middle of the lower surface of the pressure plate (7), and a turntable (9) is installed on the lower surface of the connecting column (8). The turntable (9) is rotatably connected to the pressure cover (10). The pressure cover (10) is threaded to the steel cylinder (18).

7. A soil sampling method, performed using a soil sampler according to claim 6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the base plate. After cleaning the ground to be sampled, drive the anchor rod into the ground to further fix the base plate. Step 2: Leveling the equipment box. The level inside the equipment box works and transmits the collected data to the controller. The controller controls the first hydraulic rod to work based on the collected data to level the equipment box. Step 3: Assemble and debug the soil sampling tube and guide structure. Connect the cutting blade to the steel tube with threads, and stack the ring blades on the inner wall of the steel tube in sequence. Connect the non-working end of the steel tube to the pressure cover with threads. Further, pass the cutting blade and steel tube through the guide tube so that the guide wheel is slidably connected to the outer wall of the steel tube. Step 4: Sampling. The second hydraulic rod retracts, causing the pressure plate to move downwards. Furthermore, static pressure is applied to the cutting blade through the pressure plate, connecting column, turntable, and pressure cover, allowing the cutting blade to penetrate deep into the sand or soil layer for sampling. Step 5: Sample preservation. The second hydraulic rod rises, causing the pressure plate to move upward. This further causes the connecting column, turntable, and pressure cover to move the cutting blade upward, separating the ring blade containing the sample from the cutting blade for preservation. After separation, a handheld terminal is used to scan the QR code on the ring blade to edit the ring blade sampling information, ensuring that sampling and testing work share unified data and reducing repetitive operations and information delays.

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