Automatic multi-surface welding device for hollow plate box

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of hollow plate box automation multi-face welding device, it is related to automatic welding technical field, including welding table, the upper end of welding table is fixedly installed with protective cover, a plurality of evenly distributed guide posts are fixedly installed between welding table and protective cover, welding assembly is jointly installed on guide post, outer shaping assembly is fixedly installed at the center of the upper end of welding table, inner shaping assembly is fixedly installed at the center of outer shaping assembly, outer shaping assembly and inner shaping assembly are used to position the inside and outside of the side plate of hollow plate box to be welded respectively, magnetostrictive assembly for abutting against the side plate of hollow plate box from inside is slidably installed on the four sides of inner shaping assembly, the present application is positioned by external vacuum suction and internal electromagnetic tensioning, elastic retreat and thermal self-locking cooperation suppress the thermal deformation that can appear in welding process, four laser welding heads synchronous welding improve efficiency, realize the high-precision, low deformation automatic welding of hollow plate box.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automated welding technology, and more specifically, to an automated multi-face welding device for hollow board boxes. Background Technology

[0002] Hollow core panels are box-shaped containers made of hollow structural panels. Due to their light weight, high bending strength, and excellent cushioning and shock absorption performance, they are widely used in industrial packaging, logistics turnover, cold chain transportation, and some lightweight structural components. Hollow core panels are typically made of polypropylene or thin metal sheets through extrusion molding or welding to form panels with internal grating. After being cut into bottom and side panels, these panels need to be welded together to form a complete box. However, the welding process for hollow core panels faces many technical challenges, mainly stemming from the structural characteristics of the hollow core panels themselves and the process requirements for welding the box.

[0003] First, hollow core panels are thin-walled structures, with a panel thickness much smaller than solid panels. They are supported only by sparse internal ribs, resulting in low overall stiffness and heat capacity. During welding, a high-energy heat source acts on the edges and corners of the panel, causing heat to rapidly conduct along the surface, leading to a sharp temperature rise near the weld while areas further away remain at a lower temperature, creating a significant temperature gradient. This non-uniform temperature field causes inconsistent thermal expansion across the panel, generating significant thermal stress. For thin-walled hollow core panels, due to the weak constraint in the thickness direction, thermal stress easily triggers buckling instability, manifesting as outward bulging or inward depression of the panel, compromising the geometric accuracy and appearance of the enclosure. More seriously, the superposition of thermal stress and phase transformation stress generated during welding can lead to weld cracking or permanent plastic deformation of the panel, reducing the yield rate.

[0004] Secondly, traditional welding fixtures for hollow panel boxes generally employ external clamping for positioning. This involves setting multiple pressure plates, jaws, or positioning blocks on the outside of the box to clamp and assemble the scattered side and bottom plates into a box shape before welding. While this external clamping method provides a certain level of positioning accuracy, it has significant drawbacks. External clamps inevitably obstruct the box surface, especially the plate surface near the edge welding area. This interferes with the movement of the welding head, making continuous welding difficult. To complete the welding of the entire edge, long welds often need to be segmented, or the welding torch needs to be routed through the clamp gaps, resulting in more weld joints, uneven weld formation, and reduced weld quality and sealing. Furthermore, since the external clamps are in direct contact with the plate surface, the clamps themselves are heated under the heat effect of welding. If ordinary metal materials are used, the thermal expansion of the clamps will change the clamping force, causing the plate to loosen or become over-pressurized. If heat-resistant materials are used, they are often expensive, and heat conduction problems still exist. Even more problematic is that once the external clamps press down on the plate surface, the heat generated during welding cannot be effectively dissipated from the outer surface, exacerbating localized overheating and deformation.

[0005] Third, welding hollow panel boxes typically requires multiple edge welds between the bottom plate and side plates, as well as between adjacent side plates. If a single welding gun is used for edge-by-edge welding, the welding sequence will inevitably lead to asymmetrical heat input. When the first welded side cools and shrinks, it will exert a tensile force on the unwelded side, causing the box to twist or deviate at an angle. To control deformation, traditional processes often require multiple flipping of the box, alternating welding, and supplemented by hammering or heat treatment. This is not only inefficient but also requires highly skilled operators, making automated mass production difficult.

[0006] Therefore, in order to address the above-mentioned technical problems, it is necessary to provide an automated multi-face welding device for hollow panel boxes. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automated multi-face welding device for hollow board boxes to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solution: An automated multi-sided welding device for hollow board boxes includes a welding table. A protective cover is fixedly installed on the upper end of the welding table. Multiple evenly distributed guide columns are fixedly installed between the welding table and the protective cover. A welding assembly is installed on the guide columns. An outer shaping assembly is fixedly installed at the center of the upper end of the welding table. An inner shaping assembly is fixedly installed at the center of the outer shaping assembly. The outer and inner shaping assemblies are used to position the inner and outer sides of the hollow board box side panel to be welded. Magnetostrictive components for pressing against the hollow board box side panel from the inside are slidably installed on the four sides of the inner shaping assembly.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the welding assembly includes a lifting frame slidably mounted on a guide column. At least two symmetrically distributed hydraulic rods are fixedly installed at the top of the protective cover, and the output end of the hydraulic rods is connected to the upper end of the lifting frame. Four laser welding heads corresponding to the connection points of the hollow board box side panels are fixedly installed at the lower end of the hydraulic rods. The hydraulic rods can drive the lifting frame to rise and fall as a whole, and the laser welding heads can simultaneously weld the four connection points of the hollow board box side panels. This not only improves welding efficiency, but also effectively suppresses thermal deformation caused by uneven local heating.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the outer shaping component includes a base plate, and four outer support plates forming a rectangle are fixedly installed on the upper end of the base plate. Welding gaps are reserved between adjacent outer support plates for welding components to weld. The four side plates to be welded are placed against the outer support plates to form the basic shape of a hollow board box side wall. The laser welding head can move up and down along the welding gap to perform continuous welding.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, at least two symmetrically distributed vacuum chucks are embedded in the inner surface of the outer support plate, and an electromagnet for driving the movement of the magnetostrictive assembly is fixedly installed at the center of the outer surface of the outer support plate. The vacuum chucks can actively attract and fix the side plate to maintain the initial shape of the hollow board box side wall. The electromagnet can use non-contact magnetic force to drive the magnetostrictive assembly to press against the side plate from the inside, so as to achieve synchronous fixation of the inner and outer sides, ensuring stability while suppressing thermal deformation that may occur during the welding process.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the inner shaping component includes an inner core mold, and the four corners of the inner core mold are covered with heat-absorbing sleeves corresponding to the welding gaps. The four sides of the inner core mold are provided with sliding grooves corresponding to the magnetostrictive component. At least two symmetrically distributed guide rails are fixedly installed inside the sliding grooves. In the initial state, the magnetostrictive component can be located inside the sliding groove to make room for the installation of the side plate. After installation, it extends out by magnetic attraction to abut and fix.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the magnetostrictive assembly includes an inner support plate, and a magnetic base block located in a sliding groove is provided at the inner end of the inner support plate. A guide shoe matching the guide rail is fixedly installed at the outer end of the magnetic base block. The inner support plate directly abuts against the inner wall of the side plate for fixation. The magnetic base block and the guide shoe cooperate to slide stably on the guide rail, ensuring that the inner support plate abuts against the side plate in a vertical posture.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the inner support plate is provided with a relief groove at one end near the magnetic base block. A top plate is limited and slidable in the relief groove, and the top plate is fixedly connected to the end of the magnetic base block. An elastic element is connected to the end of the top plate away from the magnetic base block to allow the inner support plate to elastically recoil when the side plate expands thermally. During the welding process, the side plate of the hollow board box will inevitably experience thermal expansion. Since the outer shaping component is fixed and restricts the expansion direction of the side plate, the side plate will expand inward to release internal stress. At this time, a certain degree of elastic recoil can be achieved by compressing the elastic element, thereby preventing the side plate surface from buckling. When the weld cools down after welding, the side plate will return to its initial state. At this time, under the elastic force of the elastic element, it can actively and synchronously follow up, maintain continuous contact with the plate surface, and eliminate the edge gap caused by shrinkage.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, a pressure monitoring element is fixedly installed at the other end of the elastic element to detect the contact pressure between the inner support plate and the side plate. The pressure monitoring element can detect the contact pressure in real time, and thus can actively adjust the magnetic force by means of an electromagnet as needed.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, at least one heat-conducting hole is provided on the inner wall of the sliding groove, and a thermo-locking component for locking the magnetic base is provided in the heat-conducting hole. A locking groove corresponding to the thermo-locking component is provided on the side wall of the magnetic base. The thermo-locking component can autonomously sense the welding heat and trigger the locking action to maintain the position of the magnetic base and always provide positive support force to prevent the side plate from undergoing uncontrollable thermal deformation under heat. When the elasticity of the elastic element alone cannot prevent the deformation, the deformable amount of the side plate is strictly controlled within the compression limit of the elastic element to prevent excessive yielding and failure to suppress severe deformation of the side plate.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the thermally induced self-locking assembly includes a heat-conducting rod that contacts and conducts heat to the heat-absorbing sleeve. A deformable thermal expansion element is fixedly installed at the other end of the heat-conducting rod, and a locking pin is fixedly installed at the other end of the thermal expansion element for locking by inserting into the locking groove. The heat-conducting rod absorbs heat from the heat-absorbing sleeve and conducts it to the thermal expansion element. After reaching the phase change temperature of the thermal expansion element, it extends and pushes the locking pin into the locking groove to complete the locking of the magnetic base block. When the weld cools down after welding, it actively retracts and returns to its original position to unlock the magnetic base block, so that the magnetic base block can move outward and actively follow the side plate for compensation.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are: (1) This invention achieves high-precision, unobstructed fixation of scattered side plates by combining external vacuum adsorption with internal electromagnetic elastic clamping. The external support plate only provides the reference surface and adsorption force, without interfering with the welding edges, so that the laser welding head can continuously weld along the reserved welding gap, the weld is formed in one go, the appearance is beautiful, and the interference and heat accumulation problems caused by traditional external fixtures are avoided.

[0019] (2) This invention effectively suppresses welding thermal deformation by setting up an elastic yielding structure and a thermally induced self-locking structure. During the heating stage, the elastic element allows the side plate to yield within a limited range, releasing thermal expansion stress and preventing buckling of the thin-walled plate surface; at the same time, the locking pin is triggered by the heat conduction of the welding itself, limiting the backward stroke of the telescopic component within the compression limit of the elastic element, thus preventing excessive yielding. During the cooling stage, the locking pin automatically unlocks as the temperature drops, and the elastic element rebounds and follows, actively compensating for weld shrinkage, realizing adaptive support throughout the entire process from heating to cooling without the need for external control intervention.

[0020] (3) The present invention uses four sets of laser welding heads to symmetrically and synchronously weld, so that the heat input is evenly distributed around the box. During the welding process, the heating and cooling of each side plate are basically synchronized, and the overall temperature field of the box is symmetrical. This effectively avoids the distortion and deformation caused by the asymmetry of the welding sequence on one side, improves the welding quality and production efficiency, and simplifies the subsequent straightening process. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the welding assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer shaping component and the inner shaping component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the external shaping component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal shaping component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the internal shaping component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the magnetostrictive component of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermo-induced self-locking component of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Welding table; 2. Protective cover; 3. Guide column; 4. Welding assembly; 401. Lifting frame; 402. Hydraulic rod; 403. Laser welding head; 5. Outer shaping assembly; 501. Base plate; 502. Outer support plate; 503. Welding gap; 504. Vacuum suction cup; 505. Electromagnet; 6. Inner shaping assembly; 601. Inner core mold; 602. Heat-absorbing sleeve; 603. Sliding groove; 604. Guide rail; 7. Magnetostrictive assembly; 701. Inner support plate; 702. Magnetic base block; 703. Guide shoe; 704. Locking groove; 705. Retraction groove; 706. Top plate; 707. Elastic element; 708. Pressure monitoring element; 8. Thermostatic self-locking assembly; 801. Heat-conducting rod; 802. Thermal expansion element; 803. Locking pin. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1: like Figure 1As shown, an automated multi-faceted welding device for hollow panel boxes includes a welding table 1. The welding table 1 serves as the load-bearing foundation of the entire machine and is a box-shaped structure welded from thick steel plates. The upper surface is ground to ensure flatness. Its interior provides space for installing a vacuum pump, an electromagnet power supply, and a controller. A protective cover 2 is fixed to the upper end of the welding table 1 and is constructed from a steel frame and transparent polycarbonate sheets. It serves to prevent arc light, spatter, and welding fumes, while also facilitating operator observation of the welding process. The welding table 1 and the protective cover 2 are connected by four evenly arranged guide columns 3. The guide columns 3 are solid steel columns with a hard chrome-plated surface, providing precise guidance for the lifting and lowering movement of the welding components 4.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown, the welding assembly 4 includes a lifting frame 401 that slides up and down along the guide column 3. The lifting frame 401 is a rectangular steel frame structure, with linear bearing sleeves at its four corners that cooperate with the guide column 3, ensuring smooth and stable movement. Two hydraulic rods 402 are symmetrically installed at the top inside the protective cover 2. The cylinders of the hydraulic rods 402 are fixed to the crossbeam at the top of the protective cover 2, and the piston rod ends are connected to the upper surface of the lifting frame 401 via flanges. The hydraulic rods 402 are supplied with oil by a hydraulic station and their extension and retraction are controlled by an electromagnetic reversing valve, providing a large driving force and controllable position. Four sets of laser welding heads 403 are fixed below the lifting frame 401, corresponding to the four vertical side edges of the hollow panel box. Each set of laser welding heads 403 can move up and down along the preset welding gap 503, achieving continuous welding from bottom to top or from top to bottom. The laser welding heads 403 are connected to a laser generator placed outside the welding table 1 via optical fibers, and their protective gas nozzles are connected to argon or nitrogen gas pipelines. Four sets of laser welding heads 403 weld simultaneously, forming symmetrical heat input and effectively suppressing asymmetrical deformation caused by unilateral welding. The raising and lowering of the hydraulic rod 402 and the starting and stopping of the laser are coordinated by a programmable controller, which pre-stores welding parameters and motion trajectories.

[0026] like Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, the outer shaping component 5 is fixed at the center of the upper end of the welding table 1. The base plate 501 is a rectangular thick steel plate, which is fastened to the worktable with bolts. Four outer support plates 502 are installed on the upper surface of the base plate 501 by positioning pins and screws. The four plates form a rectangular space, and a vertical through welding gap 503 is reserved between adjacent outer support plates 502. The gap width allows the laser welding head 403 to pass through and align with the butt edge of the side plate for welding without interfering with the outer support plate 502. The outer support plates 502 are made of stainless steel, and their inner surfaces are precision-machined flat. Two vacuum suction cups 504 are embedded in the inner surface of each outer support plate 502. The suction cup body is made of high-temperature resistant silicone rubber and is connected to a vacuum generator or vacuum pump through a hose. Before welding, the side plate to be welded is placed against the inner surface of the outer support plate 502. After the vacuum suction cup 504 is evacuated, it firmly adsorbs the side plate from the outside, completing the initial positioning. An electromagnet 505 is fixed at the center of the outer surface of each outer support plate 502. Each electromagnet 505 is a DC solenoid structure with its coil encapsulated within a metal casing. When energized, it generates a strong magnetic field that penetrates the outer support plate 502 and the side plates, exerting a radial attraction on the magnetostrictive component 7 in the inner shaping assembly 6. The electromagnets 505 are powered by an adjustable DC power supply located in the control cabinet. The current can be adjusted by a controller, thereby changing the attraction force on the inner support assembly.

[0027] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the inner shaping component 6 is coaxially positioned within the central area of ​​the outer shaping component 5. The inner core mold 601 is made of cast aluminum alloy or welded steel, and its overall shape is a cuboid, with its four sides corresponding to the inner walls of the four side plates. Heat-absorbing sleeves 602, made of copper alloy, are wrapped around the four corners of the inner core mold 601, providing excellent thermal conductivity. These sleeves correspond precisely to the welding gaps 503. During welding, the heat from the electric arc or laser is conducted to the heat-absorbing sleeves 602 through the corners of the side plates, raising their temperature. Each side of the inner core mold 601 has a rectangular sliding groove 603. Two I-shaped guide rails 604, made of stainless steel and surface-hardened to ensure wear resistance, are fixed to the upper and lower walls of the sliding groove 603. The magnetostrictive component 7 is slidably installed within the sliding groove 603.

[0028] like Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the magnetostrictive assembly 7 includes an inner support plate 701, which is a rectangular steel plate with a high-temperature resistant anti-slip pad layer on its outer surface. This pad directly contacts the inner wall of the side plate, providing support and force transmission. The inner end of the inner support plate 701 has a recessed groove 705 with a T-shaped cross-section. A top plate 706 slides within the groove, allowing it to move radially within a certain range. The outer side of the top plate 706 is fixedly connected to a magnetic base block 702, which is made of pure iron or low-carbon steel. The magnetic base block 702's cross-sectional dimensions match the sliding groove 603. A guide shoe 703 is fixedly installed on its outer end face. The guide shoe 703 is made of copper alloy or cast iron, and its inner hole mates with a guide rail 604 to form a sliding pair, ensuring smooth expansion and contraction of the entire assembly along the guide rail 604. A locking groove 704 is formed on the side wall of the magnetic base block 702. The locking groove 704 is a circular groove used to receive the locking pin 803 of the thermally-induced self-locking assembly 8. An elastic element 707 and a pressure monitoring element 708 are connected sequentially to the inner side of the top plate 706. The elastic element 707 is a spring group composed of multiple stacked disc springs, which has the characteristics of high stiffness and small stroke. When the side plate expands thermally, it can convert the slight backward movement of the inner support plate 701 into elastic compression and release thermal stress. When the side plate cools and contracts, the restoring force of the disc springs pushes the inner support plate 701 outward to follow and maintain contact with the plate surface. The pressure monitoring element 708 is a high-temperature resistant strain gauge pressure sensor. Its exterior is covered with a heat-insulating ceramic fiber gasket and encapsulated with epoxy resin with extremely low thermal conductivity to keep its operating temperature within the allowable range of the sensor. The pressure monitoring element 708 outputs a signal to the controller via a high-temperature shielded wire. The controller adjusts the excitation current of the electromagnet 505 in real time according to the preset pressure threshold, thereby changing the outward thrust of the magnetostrictive component 7 and forming a closed-loop force control system.

[0029] Example 2: like Figure 6 , Figure 8As shown, based on Embodiment 1, a heat-conducting hole is provided on the inner wall of the sliding groove 603 at the position corresponding to the magnetic base block 702, and a thermo-locking component 8 is provided in the heat-conducting hole. The thermo-locking component 8 includes a heat-conducting rod 801, a thermal expansion element 802, and a locking pin 803. One end of the heat-conducting rod 801 is inserted into the heat-absorbing sleeve 602 and fits tightly therewith, while the other end extends to the side wall of the sliding groove 603. The material is pure copper or aluminum bronze to ensure that the heat of the heat-absorbing sleeve 602 is quickly conducted during welding. The thermal expansion element 802 is a spiral column made of a section of shape memory alloy tube or bimetallic sheet. One end of it is fixed to the heat-conducting rod 801, and the other end is connected to the locking pin 803. In this embodiment, a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy is selected, and its austenitic phase transformation end temperature is set slightly higher than the temperature that the inner wall of the side plate can reach during welding, so that after absorbing the heat conducted by welding, when the temperature reaches the phase transformation point, the thermal expansion element 802 elongates axially. The locking pin 803 is a cylindrical pin made of hardened steel, which engages with the locking groove 704 on the magnetic base block 702. When welding begins, the edge of the side plate is heated, and the heat is transferred to the thermal expansion element 802 through the heat-absorbing sleeve 602 and the heat-conducting rod 801. After reaching the phase change temperature, the thermal expansion element 802 elongates, pushing the locking pin 803 into the locking groove 704, locking the magnetic base block 702 in its current position and preventing uncontrollable displacement due to changes in outward thrust caused by the thermal expansion of the side plate. After welding ends and cooling, the thermal expansion element 802 undergoes a reverse phase change due to the decrease in temperature, returning to its original length. The locking pin 803 exits from the locking groove 704 under the action of the return spring or its own elasticity, releasing the lock. At this time, the magnetostrictive assembly 7 can retract under the action of the electromagnet 505 or the external reset mechanism.

[0030] It should be noted that this device is externally connected to a vacuum pump, hydraulic station, laser cooling system, and control cabinet. The control cabinet houses a programmable logic controller (PLC), DC power supply module, relays, and analog input modules. The controller receives analog signals from the pressure monitoring element 708, incorporates a PID algorithm, and outputs a PWM signal to regulate the current of the electromagnet 505. Simultaneously, it controls the electromagnetic directional valve of the hydraulic rod 402 to achieve the lifting and positioning of the lifting frame 401. It also communicates with the laser controller to preset welding parameters and interlock welding start / stop. Furthermore, an operation panel is provided for switching between manual adjustment and automatic welding cycles; the specific control method is existing technology and will not be described further here.

[0031] Working principle: In use, first, place the four pre-cut hollow board boxes onto the inner surface of the outer support plate 502 in sequence. Then, the vacuum suction cup 504 is activated to adsorb the side panels, completing the initial positioning of the side panels. At this time, the magnetostrictive assembly 7 is in the retracted state, and the inner support plate 701 is hidden in the sliding groove 603, leaving space for the installation of the side panels.

[0032] After confirming that the side panels form a rectangle and that the edges are aligned, the controller activates the electromagnet 505, which generates a magnetic field that penetrates the outer support plate 502 and the side panels, creating an outward attraction on the magnetic base block 702. Under the influence of the magnetic force, the magnetic base block 702 drives the entire magnetostrictive assembly 7 to slide outward along the guide rail 604, causing the inner support plate 701 to gradually approach and eventually press against the inner wall of the side panel. The elastic element 707 is pre-compressed, generating an initial tension force. The pressure monitoring element 708 feeds back the real-time pressure value to the controller, which adjusts the current of the electromagnet 505 to ensure that the tension force reaches a preset value and remains stable. At this point, the side panels are secured by the combined action of the outer vacuum suction cup 504 and the inner elastic support force, forming a precise box structure, and the welding gap 503 between the outer support plates 502 is fully exposed to the edges to be welded.

[0033] Subsequently, the controller sends a command, and the hydraulic rod 402 drives the lifting frame 401 to descend, causing the four sets of laser welding heads 403 to enter the working position and align with the upper ends of the four welding seams 503. The laser generator is activated, and protective gas is simultaneously ejected. The four sets of laser welding heads 403 move downward along the welding seams 503, simultaneously welding the four side plate edges. During the welding heating process, the heat from the weld seam is conducted through the side plate corners to the heat-absorbing sleeves 602 at the corners of the inner core mold 601. The temperature of the heat-absorbing sleeves 602 rises rapidly, and the heat is transferred through the heat-conducting rod 801 to the thermal expansion element 802 in the thermo-induced self-locking assembly 8. When the thermal expansion element 802 reaches its phase change temperature, it undergoes axial elongation, pushing the locking pin 803 into the locking groove 704 on the side wall of the magnetic base block 702, locking the position of the magnetic base block 702. At this point, even if the inner support plate 701 is subjected to an inward thrust due to local thermal expansion of the side plate, and the elastic element 707 is further compressed, the magnetic block 702 will not retract as a whole due to the mechanical locking of the locking pin 803. This strictly limits the amount of retraction within the compression limit stroke of the elastic element 707, avoiding side plate instability caused by excessive retraction. Simultaneously, the elastic retraction of the elastic element 707 provides a necessary stress release path for the local thermal expansion of the plate, preventing plate buckling. During welding, the pressure monitoring element 708 continuously senses the contact pressure, and the controller finely adjusts the current of the electromagnet 505 according to pressure fluctuations to ensure that the elastic element 707 operates within a safe compression range.

[0034] When the laser welding head 403 has traversed the entire edge, the arc ends, and the welding heating phase terminates. As the weld gradually cools, the side plate temperature decreases, and there is a tendency for it to contract inward. At this time, the thermal expansion element 802 shortens due to the temperature drop and undergoes a reverse phase transition, causing the locking pin 803 to retract from the locking groove 704, releasing the lock. The elastic potential energy accumulated by the elastic element 707 during the yielding phase is released, pushing the inner support plate 701 outward to actively compensate for the possible concavity of the plate surface caused by weld contraction, maintaining continuous contact between the inner support plate 701 and the inner wall of the side plate, and eliminating the contraction gap. After cooling is complete, the power supply to the electromagnet 505 can be disconnected by the controller. Under the restoring force of the elastic element 707 or the action of the external reset mechanism, the magnetic block 702 retracts into the sliding groove 603, and the vacuum suction cup 504 breaks the vacuum, allowing the welded hollow plate box semi-finished product to be easily removed.

[0035] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0036] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style of the specification is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An automated multi-sided welding device for hollow panel boxes, characterized in that: The assembly includes a welding table (1), a protective cover (2) fixedly installed on the upper end of the welding table (1), a plurality of evenly distributed guide columns (3) fixedly installed between the welding table (1) and the protective cover (2), a welding assembly (4) is installed on the guide columns (3), an outer shaping assembly (5) is fixedly installed at the center of the upper end of the welding table (1), an inner shaping assembly (6) is fixedly installed at the center of the outer shaping assembly (5), the outer shaping assembly (5) and the inner shaping assembly (6) are respectively used to position the hollow board box side panel to be welded on the inner and outer sides, and magnetostrictive assemblies (7) for pressing against the hollow board box side panel from the inside are slidably installed on the four sides of the inner shaping assembly (6).

2. The automated multi-sided welding device for hollow panel boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The welding assembly (4) includes a lifting frame (401) that is slidably mounted on the guide column (3). At least two symmetrically distributed hydraulic rods (402) are fixedly installed on the top of the protective cover (2), and the output end of the hydraulic rod (402) is connected to the upper end of the lifting frame (401). Four laser welding heads (403) corresponding to the connection of the hollow board box side plates are fixedly installed on the lower end of the hydraulic rod (402).

3. The automated multi-sided welding device for hollow panel boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shaping component (5) includes a base plate (501), and four rectangular outer support plates (502) are fixedly installed on the upper end of the base plate (501). Welding gaps (503) are reserved between adjacent outer support plates (502) for welding components (4) to perform welding.

4. The automated multi-sided welding device for hollow panel boxes according to claim 3, characterized in that: At least two symmetrically distributed vacuum chucks (504) are embedded in the inner surface of the outer support plate (502), and an electromagnet (505) for driving the movement of the magnetostrictive assembly (7) is fixedly installed at the center of the outer surface of the outer support plate (502).

5. The automated multi-sided welding device for hollow panel boxes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner shaping component (6) includes an inner core mold (601), and the four corners of the inner core mold (601) are covered with heat-absorbing sleeves (602) corresponding to the welding gaps (503). The four sides of the inner core mold (601) are provided with sliding grooves (603) corresponding to the magnetostrictive component (7). At least two symmetrically distributed guide rails (604) are fixedly installed inside the sliding grooves (603).

6. The automated multi-sided welding device for hollow panel boxes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The magnetostrictive assembly (7) includes an inner support plate (701), with a magnetic base block (702) located in a sliding groove (603) at the inner end of the inner support plate (701), and a guide shoe (703) matching the guide rail (604) fixedly installed at the outer end of the magnetic base block (702).

7. The automated multi-sided welding device for hollow panel boxes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner support plate (701) has a relief groove (705) at one end near the magnetic base block (702). A top plate (706) is slidably limited in the relief groove (705), and the top plate (706) is fixedly connected to the end of the magnetic base block (702). An elastic element (707) is connected to the end of the top plate (706) away from the magnetic base block (702) for the inner support plate (701) to elastically retract when the side plate thermally expands.

8. The automated multi-sided welding device for hollow panel boxes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The other end of the elastic element (707) is fixedly equipped with a pressure monitoring element (708) for detecting the contact pressure between the inner support plate (701) and the side plate.

9. The automated multi-sided welding device for hollow panel boxes according to claim 7, characterized in that: At least one heat-conducting hole is provided on the inner wall of the sliding groove (603), and a thermo-induced self-locking component (8) for locking the magnetic base block (702) is provided in the heat-conducting hole. A locking groove (704) corresponding to the thermo-induced self-locking component (8) is provided on the side wall of the magnetic base block (702).

10. The automated multi-sided welding device for hollow panel boxes according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thermally induced self-locking assembly (8) includes a heat-conducting rod (801) that contacts and conducts heat to the heat-absorbing sleeve (602). A deformable thermal expansion element (802) is fixedly installed at the other end of the heat-conducting rod (801). A locking pin (803) is fixedly installed at the other end of the thermal expansion element (802) and is inserted into the locking groove (704) for locking.

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