Facility for producing a cryogenic fluid

Abstract

The invention relates to a facility (1) for producing a cryogenic fluid, the facility comprising: - a first cryogenic fluid storage element (10); - a circuit (2) for gas to be cooled; - a set of heat exchangers (5, 6) in heat exchange with the circuit (2); - a pre-cooling device (8) in heat exchange with at least one first portion (5) of the set of heat exchangers (5, 6); - a cryogenic cooling device (9) in heat exchange with at least one second portion (6) of the set of heat exchangers (5, 6); - a cryogenic purification device (3) arranged in the circuit (2); wherein the pre-cooling device (8) comprises a thermosiphon (48) that is fluidically connected to a second pre-cooling fluid storage element (4), and is configured to receive fluid from the second storage element (4) in order to allow a given level of pre-cooling fluid to be maintained in the thermosiphon (48).

Description

Cryogenic fluid production facility

[0001] The present invention relates to an installation for producing a cryogenic fluid and a method for controlling such an installation.

[0002] In a manner known per se, an installation for producing a cryogenic fluid comprises a circuit of gas to be cooled having an upstream end intended to be connected to a gas source and a downstream end for delivering the cryogenic fluid, for example a liquefied gas.

[0003] The gas source can be produced from renewable energy sources, particularly renewable energy sources powered by the sun and / or wind. For example, electrolyzers are known that are powered by electricity generated by wind or solar energy.

[0004] When the gas source is produced at least partially from renewable energy sources, the flow rate of the gas source varies frequently and significantly. It is therefore essential that such an installation can adapt to such variations. In certain cases, particularly when the flow rate of the gas source is too low, the installation must be shut down. As soon as the flow rate of the gas source becomes acceptable again, the installation must be able to restart quickly.

[0005] One problem is that to restart quickly, particularly to be able to perform a cold restart, it is necessary to keep certain components of the installation at sufficiently low temperatures. This problem is particularly impactful in the case of a high-flow cryogenic fluid production installation, i.e. one with a nominal flow rate of at least 3 tpd (3 tonnes per day).

[0006] There is therefore a need for a cryogenic fluid production facility capable of adjusting its operating mode according to the flow rate of the gas source, in particular to maintain, in all circumstances, certain components at sufficiently low temperatures.

[0007] The present invention aims to effectively overcome these drawbacks by proposing an installation for producing a cryogenic fluid, for example liquefied hydrogen, comprising: a first storage to allow the storage of the cryogenic fluid; a gas circuit to be cooled having an upstream end intended to be connected to a gas source and a downstream end to deliver the cryogenic fluid, for example a liquefied gas, the downstream end being connected to the first storage for the storage of the cryogenic fluid; a set of heat exchangers in heat exchange with the gas circuit to be cooled;a pre-cooling device in heat exchange with at least a first part of the set of heat exchangers and configured to pre-cool the gas circuit to be cooled to a first determined temperature, the pre-cooling device comprising a refrigerator with a refrigeration cycle of a pre-cooling fluid in a pre-cooling circuit, the pre-cooling circuit comprising a member for compressing the pre-cooling fluid; a cryogenic cooling device in heat exchange with at least a second part of the set of heat exchangers and configured to cool the gas circuit to be cooled to a second determined temperature lower than the first temperature, the cryogenic cooling device comprising a refrigerator with a refrigeration cycle of a cycle gas in a cycle circuit, the cycle circuit comprising a member for compressing the cycle gas;a cryogenic purification device arranged in the gas circuit to be cooled, in particular upstream of the second part of the set of exchangers; the pre-cooling device comprising a first thermosiphon of the pre-cooling fluid comprising a first inlet and a first outlet connected to a loop of the pre-cooling circuit, the first thermosiphon being fluidically connected, by a second inlet, to a second storage of pre-cooling fluid and being configured to receive pre-cooling fluid from the second storage, in particular in liquid form, to allow a determined level of pre-cooling fluid to be maintained in the first thermosiphon.;

[0008] According to one embodiment, the pre-cooling circuit comprises a device for cooling the compressed pre-cooling fluid, a device for expanding the compressed and cooled pre-cooling fluid and a device for heating the expanded pre-cooling fluid.

[0009] Such an arrangement makes it possible to maintain the fluid leaving the cryogenic purification device at a temperature less than or equal to 100 K, for example less than or equal to 90 K, even when the flow rate of gas to be liquefied becomes too low, i.e. when the liquefier is no longer able to produce liquefied gas.

[0010] This makes it possible to compensate for a shutdown of the pre-cooling fluid compression unit due to a flow rate of gas to be liquefied being too low, by allowing certain components of the installation to be kept at sufficiently low temperatures during the period when the flow rate of gas to be liquefied is too low. This allows a cold restart, which reduces the restart time of a cryogenic fluid production installation.

[0011] According to one embodiment, the first temperature determined is between 100 K and 70 K.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the second determined temperature is between 48 K and 18 K.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the pre-cooling fluid compression member comprises a compressor and / or a pump.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the cycle gas compression member comprises a compressor and / or a pump.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the cryogenic purification device comprises at least one temperature-modulated adsorption unit.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the second storage is configured to be mobile and / or removable relative to the installation, for example by being integrated into a truck or a trailer.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the first thermosiphon is fluidically connected to the pre-cooling circuit, in particular by its first inlet, downstream of the device for expanding the compressed and cooled pre-cooling fluid, in particular to allow the pre-cooling fluid circulating in the pre-cooling circuit to enter, for example in liquid form, the first thermosiphon.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the first thermosiphon is fluidically connected to the pre-cooling circuit, in particular by its first outlet, upstream of the pre-cooling fluid compression member, in particular to allow the pre-cooling fluid to exit the first thermosiphon in gaseous form and to be heated by the first part of the heat exchanger assembly.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the first thermosiphon is fluidically connected by a third inlet and a second outlet to a first thermosiphon circuit, said circuit being in heat exchange with the first part of the set of heat exchangers, in particular to allow pre-cooling fluid stored in liquid form in the first thermosiphon to exit the first thermosiphon to be heated by the first part of the set of heat exchangers and then to enter the first thermosiphon, in particular in gaseous form.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the installation comprises a first vent valve, in particular mounted upstream of the pre-cooling fluid compression member, to allow the pre-cooling fluid to be evacuated, in particular when the pre-cooling fluid compression member is stopped.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the installation is configured so that the pre-cooling fluid stored in the second storage can enter directly into the first thermosiphon, in particular in liquid form, without passing through the pre-cooling circuit.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the installation comprises a valve for controlling the determined level of pre-cooling fluid in the first thermosiphon, in particular being fluidically interposed between the first thermosiphon and the second pre-cooling fluid storage.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the installation is configured so that the pre-cooling fluid stored in the second storage can enter the first thermosiphon when the pre-cooling fluid compression member is stopped.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the cooling device comprises a second thermosiphon of the cycle gas comprising a first inlet and a first outlet connected to a loop of the cycle circuit, the second thermosiphon being fluidically connected, by a second inlet, to the first storage and configured to receive cryogenic fluid from the first storage to allow a determined level of cryogenic fluid to be maintained in the second thermosiphon.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the second thermosiphon is fluidically connected by a third inlet and a second outlet, to a second thermosiphon circuit, said circuit being in heat exchange with the second part of the set of heat exchangers, in particular to allow fluid stored in liquid form in the second thermosiphon, to be heated by the second part of the set of heat exchangers then to enter the second thermosiphon, in particular in gaseous form.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the installation comprises a second vent valve, in particular mounted upstream of the cycle gas compression member, to allow the cycle gas to be evacuated, in particular when the cycle gas compression member is stopped.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the determined level of cryogenic fluid is greater than 10% of the total capacity of the second thermosiphon, in particular greater than 30%.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the determined level of pre-cooling fluid is greater than 10% of the total capacity of the first thermosiphon, for example greater than 30%.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the cryogenic purification device is arranged between the first part of the set of heat exchangers and the second part of the set of heat exchangers, in particular being configured to be supplied with a gas having a temperature between 20°C and -250°C, for example between -100°C and -250°C.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the cryogenic purification device is configured so that the gas to be cooled circulating in the gas circuit to be cooled passes through at least part of the first part of the set of exchangers before entering the cryogenic purification device.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the first part of the set of exchangers is arranged in a first cold box, the first thermosiphon being in particular arranged in the first cold box.

[0032] According to one embodiment, the cryogenic purification device is arranged in the first cold box.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the cryogenic purification device is arranged upstream of the second thermosiphon.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the second part of the exchanger assembly is arranged in a second cold box, the second thermosiphon being in particular arranged in the second cold box.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the device for cooling the pre-cooling fluid and / or the device for heating the pre-cooling fluid comprises at least the first part of the set of heat exchangers.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the device for cooling the pre-cooling fluid comprises the first part of the set of heat exchangers and the device for heating the pre-cooling fluid comprises the first part of the set of heat exchangers.

[0037] Such a configuration allows the same first part of the set of heat exchangers to be in heat exchange with the pre-cooling circuit when the pre-cooling fluid passes through the first part of the set of heat exchangers, in particular in one direction for its heating and in the opposite direction for its cooling.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the cycle circuit comprises a cooling member for the compressed cycle gas, a member for expanding the compressed and cooled cycle gas and a member for reheating the expanded cycle gas.

[0039] According to one embodiment, the cycle gas cooling member and / or the cycle gas heating member comprises at least the first part and / or the second part of the heat exchanger assembly.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the cycle gas comprises at least one of: hydrogen, helium, neon.

[0041] According to one embodiment, the gas to be liquefied and the cycle gas each comprise hydrogen and / or each comprise helium and / or each comprise neon.

[0042] According to one embodiment, the pre-cooling fluid comprises at least one of: nitrogen, a mixture of refrigerants also called “MR”.

[0043] According to one embodiment, the gas circuit to be cooled is provided with a first valve downstream of the downstream end, being configured to regulate the pressure in the first storage, the first valve comprising for example an expansion valve, in particular a Joule-Thomson expansion valve.

[0044] According to one embodiment, the gas circuit to be cooled is fluidically connected to the second thermosiphon, in particular via a bypass downstream of the downstream end.

[0045] According to one embodiment, the gas circuit to be cooled is fluidically connected to the second thermosiphon via a bypass downstream of the first valve.

[0046] This allows the cryogenic fluid to be redirected into the gas phase.

[0047] According to one embodiment, the installation comprises a source of pre-cooling fluid, in particular mobile, to allow the filling of the first thermosiphon.

[0048] According to one embodiment, the installation comprises a withdrawal pipe fluidically connecting the first thermosiphon with the pre-cooling circuit, to allow the transfer of pre-cooling fluid into the first thermosiphon.

[0049] The invention further relates to a method for controlling an installation as described above, the installation being configured to operate in a first nominal mode in which the installation delivers liquefied gas and / or in which the flow rate of the gas source is between a threshold value and a determined nominal flow rate and / or in which the cycle gas compression member is in operation and / or in which the pre-cooling fluid compression member is in operation, the installation being further configured to operate in a second standby mode in which the flow rate of the gas source is lower than the threshold value and / or in which the cycle gas compression member is stopped and / or in which the pre-cooling fluid compression member is stopped, when the installation is in the second mode,the method comprises a step of maintaining the determined level of pre-cooling fluid in the first thermosiphon by drawing pre-cooling fluid from the second pre-cooling fluid storage.,

[0050] Such a method makes it possible to maintain the cryogenic purification device at a temperature less than or equal to 100 K, for example less than or equal to 90 K, while the installation operates in the second mode.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the determined nominal flow rate is between 3 tpd and 300 tpd.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the threshold value is between 10% and 70% of the determined nominal flow rate, in particular between 20% and 60% of the determined nominal flow rate.

[0053] According to one embodiment, when the installation is in the second mode, the method comprises a step of maintaining the predetermined level of cryogenic fluid in the second thermosiphon by drawing cryogenic fluid from the first storage.

[0054] This makes it possible to maintain the gradients in the set of exchangers and to provide cold to maintain a determined temperature in the set of exchangers, in a catalyst of the installation, and in the cryogenic purification device. This also makes it possible to maintain a sufficient level in the first and / or the second thermosiphon to allow a faster restart. Such a step of maintaining the predetermined level of cryogenic fluid in the second thermosiphon, in combination with the step of maintaining the predetermined level of pre-cooling fluid in the first thermosiphon, makes it possible to maintain the pre-cooling temperature as well as the temperature of the cryogenic fluid at the downstream end.

[0055] According to one embodiment, when the installation is in the second mode, the method comprises a step of withdrawing fluid from the downstream end of the gas circuit to be cooled, before it enters the first storage, to maintain a predetermined level of cryogenic fluid in the second thermosiphon.

[0056] The invention further relates to a method for controlling an installation as described above, the installation being configured to operate in a first nominal mode in which the flow rate of the gas source is between a threshold value and a determined nominal flow rate and in which the pre-cooling fluid compression member is in operation, the installation being further configured to operate in a second standby mode in which the flow rate of the gas source is lower than the threshold value and in which the pre-cooling fluid compression member is stopped, when the installation is in the first nominal mode, the method comprises a step of fluidically isolating the first thermosiphon from the second storage, to prevent any transfer of pre-cooling fluid from the second storage into the first thermosiphon, when the installation is in the second standby mode,the method comprises a step of transferring pre-cooling fluid from the second storage into the first thermosiphon, to maintain a determined level of pre-cooling fluid in the first thermosiphon.,

[0057] Such a process allows the installation to be very efficient when the gas source flow rate is high, while maintaining some of its components at low temperatures, even when the gas source flow rate is low or zero.

[0058] According to one embodiment, when the installation is in the second standby mode, the method comprises a step of measuring the level of pre-cooling fluid in the first thermosiphon, a step of comparing the measured level with a determined level and a step of transferring pre-cooling fluid from the second storage into the first thermosiphon, as long as the measured level is lower than the determined level.

[0059] According to one embodiment, when the installation is in the second standby mode, the method comprises a step of opening the first vent valve and a step of fluid isolation of the pre-cooling fluid compression member, to allow circulation of the pre-cooling fluid from the first thermosiphon to the pre-cooling circuit and its evacuation through the first vent valve before it can enter the pre-cooling fluid compression member.

[0060] According to one embodiment, when the installation is in the first nominal mode, the cycle gas compression member is in operation.

[0061] According to one embodiment, when the installation is in the second standby mode, the cycle gas compression member is stopped.

[0062] According to one embodiment, when the installation is in the first nominal mode, the method comprises a step of fluidly isolating the second thermosiphon from the first storage and / or from the gas circuit to be cooled, to prevent any transfer of cryogenic fluid from the first storage or from the gas circuit to be cooled, into the second thermosiphon.

[0063] According to one embodiment, when the installation is in the second standby mode, the method comprises a step of transferring cryogenic fluid from the first storage and / or from the gas circuit to be cooled, into the second thermosiphon, to maintain a determined level of cryogenic fluid in the second thermosiphon.

[0064] The invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above or below features.

[0065] The invention will be better understood by reading the following description and examining the accompanying figures. These figures are given only for illustrative purposes but in no way limit the invention.

[0066] is a schematic representation of an installation according to the invention;

[0067] is a schematic representation of the steps of a method according to the invention; and

[0068] is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the installation according to the invention.

[0069] Identical, similar, or analogous elements retain the same reference from one figure to another.

[0070] It represents an installation 1 for producing a cryogenic fluid, for example liquefied hydrogen.

[0071] Installation 1 includes a first storage 10 to allow the storage of the cryogenic fluid.

[0072] The installation 1 comprises a circuit 2 of gas to be cooled having an upstream end 21 intended to be connected to a gas source and a downstream end 22 for delivering the cryogenic fluid, for example a liquefied gas, the downstream end 22 being connected to the first storage 10 for the storage of the cryogenic fluid.

[0073] Installation 1 also includes a set of heat exchangers 5, 6 in thermal exchange with circuit 2 of gas to be cooled.

[0074] The installation 1 comprises a pre-cooling device 8 in heat exchange with at least a first part 5 of the set of heat exchangers 5, 6 and configured to pre-cool the circuit 2 of gas to be cooled to a first determined temperature, the pre-cooling device 8 comprising a refrigerator with a refrigeration cycle of a pre-cooling fluid in a pre-cooling circuit 18, the pre-cooling circuit 18 comprising a member 28 for compressing the pre-cooling fluid.

[0075] In the example of the, the first temperature determined is between 100 K and 70 K.

[0076] The installation 1 comprises a cryogenic cooling device 9 in heat exchange with at least a second part 6 of the set of heat exchangers 5, 6 and configured to cool the circuit 2 of gas to be cooled to a second determined temperature lower than the first temperature, the cryogenic cooling device 9 comprising a refrigerator with a cycle for refrigerating a cycle gas in a cycle circuit 19, the cycle circuit 19 comprising a member 29 for compressing the cycle gas.

[0077] In the example of the, the second determined temperature is between 48 K and 18 K.

[0078] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the installation 1 comprises a cryogenic purification device 3 arranged in the circuit 2 of gas to be cooled, in particular upstream of the second part 6 of the set of exchangers 5, 6; the pre-cooling device 8 comprising a first thermosiphon 48 of the pre-cooling fluid comprising a first inlet 41 and a first outlet 42 connected to a loop of the pre-cooling circuit 18, the first thermosiphon 48 being fluidically connected by a second inlet 43, to a second storage 4 of pre-cooling fluid and being configured to receive pre-cooling fluid from the second storage 4, in particular in liquid form, to allow a determined level of pre-cooling fluid to be maintained in the first thermosiphon 48.

[0079] In the example shown, the cryogenic purification device comprises at least one temperature-modulated adsorption unit, otherwise known as a TSA unit for “Temperature Swing Adsorption” in English.

[0080] In the example shown, the second storage 4 is configured to be fixed relative to the installation. Alternatively, the second storage 4 is configured to be mobile and / or removable relative to the installation, for example by being integrated into a truck or a trailer or a semi-trailer.

[0081] The cooling device 9 comprises a second thermosiphon 49 of the cycle gas comprising a first inlet and a first outlet connected to a loop of the cycle circuit 19, the second thermosiphon 49 being fluidically connected, by a second inlet, to the first storage 10 and configured to receive cryogenic fluid from the first storage 10 to enable a determined level of cryogenic fluid to be maintained in the second thermosiphon 49, the determined level of cryogenic fluid being for example greater than 10% of the total capacity of the second thermosiphon 49, in particular greater than 30%.

[0082] The determined level of pre-cooling fluid is greater than 10% of the total capacity of the first thermosiphon 48, for example greater than 30%.

[0083] The cryogenic purification device 3 is arranged between the first part 5 of the set of heat exchangers 5, 6 and the second part 6 of the set of heat exchangers 5, 6, in particular being configured to be supplied with a gas having a temperature between 20°C and -250°C, for example between -100°C and -250°C.

[0084] As shown, the cryogenic purification device is configured so that the gas to be cooled circulating in the gas circuit to be cooled passes through at least a portion of the first portion of the exchanger assembly before entering the cryogenic purification device.

[0085] The first part 5 of the set of exchangers 5, 6 is arranged in a first cold box (not shown), the first thermosiphon 48 being arranged in the first cold box.

[0086] The cryogenic purification device is placed in the first cold box.

[0087] As shown, the cryogenic purification device 3 is arranged upstream of the second thermosiphon 49.

[0088] The second part 6 of the set of exchangers 5, 6 is arranged in a second cold box (not shown), the second thermosiphon being in particular arranged in the second cold box.

[0089] The pre-cooling circuit 18 comprises a device for cooling the compressed pre-cooling fluid, a device 38 for expanding the compressed and cooled pre-cooling fluid and a device for heating the expanded pre-cooling fluid.

[0090] The circuit 2 of gas to be cooled is provided with a first valve 11 downstream of the downstream end 22, being configured to regulate the pressure in the first storage 10, the first valve 11 comprising for example an expansion valve, in particular a Joule-Thomson expansion valve.

[0091] The circuit 2 of gas to be cooled is fluidically connected to the second thermosiphon 49, in particular via a bypass downstream of the downstream end 22.

[0092] In the example shown, the circuit 2 of gas to be cooled is furthermore fluidically connected to the second thermosiphon 49 via a bypass downstream of the first valve 11.

[0093] The installation comprises a withdrawal pipe fluidically connecting the first thermosiphon 48 with the pre-cooling circuit 18, to allow the transfer of pre-cooling fluid into the first thermosiphon 48.

[0094] La represents the same type of installation as in the, the first thermosiphon 48 being shown in detail. As visible in the, the first thermosiphon 48 is fluidically connected by a third inlet 44 and a second outlet 45, to a first thermosiphon circuit 46. The first thermosiphon circuit 46 is in heat exchange with the first part 5 of the set of heat exchangers 5, 6, to allow pre-cooling fluid stored in liquid form in the first thermosiphon 48, to exit the first thermosiphon 48 to be heated by the first part 5 of the set of heat exchangers and then to enter the first thermosiphon 48 in gaseous form.

[0095] La represents the steps of a method for controlling an installation 1 as described above, the installation 1 being configured to operate in a first nominal mode in which the installation 1 delivers liquefied gas and / or in which the flow rate of the gas source is between a threshold value and a determined nominal flow rate and / or in which the cycle gas compression member 29 is in operation and / or in which the pre-cooling fluid compression member 28 is in operation, the installation 1 being further configured to operate in a second standby mode M2 ​​in which the flow rate of the gas source is lower than the threshold value and / or in which the cycle gas compression member 29 is stopped and / or in which the pre-cooling fluid compression member 28 is stopped.

[0096] In the example considered, the determined nominal flow rate is between 3 tpd and 300 tpd.

[0097] The threshold value is between 10% and 70% of the determined nominal flow rate, in particular between 20% and 60% of the determined nominal flow rate.

[0098] When the installation 1 is in the second mode M2, the method comprises a step E1 of maintaining the determined level of pre-cooling fluid in the first thermosiphon 48 by drawing pre-cooling fluid from the second storage 4 of pre-cooling fluid.

[0099] By this method, the cryogenic purification device is maintained at a temperature less than or equal to 100 K, for example less than or equal to 90 K, when the installation operates in the second mode.

[0100] When the installation 1 is in the second mode M2, the method comprises a step E2 of maintaining the predetermined level of cryogenic fluid in the second thermosiphon 49 by drawing cryogenic fluid from the first storage 10.

[0101] When the installation 1 is in the second mode, the method comprises a step E3 of withdrawing fluid from the downstream end 22 of the circuit 2 of gas to be cooled, before it enters the first storage 10, to maintain a predetermined level of cryogenic fluid in the second thermosiphon 49.

[0102] Such a step of maintaining the predetermined level of cryogenic fluid in the second thermosiphon, in combination with the step of maintaining the predetermined level of pre-cooling fluid in the first thermosiphon, makes it possible to maintain the pre-cooling temperature as well as the temperature of the cryogenic fluid at the downstream end.

Claims

Installation (1) for producing a cryogenic fluid, for example liquefied hydrogen, comprising:a first storage (10) for allowing the storage of the cryogenic fluid;a circuit (2) of gas to be cooled having an upstream end (21) intended to be connected to a gas source and a downstream end (22) for delivering the cryogenic fluid, for example a liquefied gas, the downstream end (22) being connected to the first storage (10) for the storage of the cryogenic fluid;a set of heat exchangers (5, 6) in heat exchange with the circuit (2) of gas to be cooled;a pre-cooling device (8) in heat exchange with at least a first part (5) of the set of heat exchangers (5, 6) and configured to pre-cool the circuit (2) of gas to be cooled to a first determined temperature, the pre-cooling device (8) comprising a refrigerator with a refrigeration cycle of a pre-cooling fluid in a pre-cooling circuit (18), the pre-cooling circuit (18) comprising a member (28) for compressing the pre-cooling fluid, a device for cooling the compressed pre-cooling fluid, a device for expanding (38) the compressed and cooled pre-cooling fluid and a device for reheating the expanded pre-cooling fluid;a cryogenic cooling device (9) in heat exchange with at least a second part (6) of the set of heat exchangers (5, 6) and configured to cool the circuit (2) of gas to be cooled to a second determined temperature lower than the first temperature, the cryogenic cooling device (9) comprising a refrigerator with a cycle for refrigerating a cycle gas in a cycle circuit (19), the cycle circuit (19) comprising a member (29) for compressing the cycle gas; a cryogenic purification device (3) arranged in the circuit (2) of gas to be cooled, in particular upstream of the second part (6) of the set of exchangers (5, 6);the pre-cooling device (8) comprising a first thermosiphon (48) of the pre-cooling fluid comprising a first inlet (41) and a first outlet (42) connected to a loop of the pre-cooling circuit (18), the first thermosiphon (48) being fluidically connected, by a second inlet (43), to a second storage (4) of pre-cooling fluid and being configured to receive pre-cooling fluid from the second storage (4), in particular in liquid form, to allow a determined level of pre-cooling fluid to be maintained in the first thermosiphon (48).; Installation (1) according to the preceding claim, the first thermosiphon (48) being fluidically connected to the pre-cooling circuit (18), in particular by its first inlet, downstream of the expansion device (38) for the compressed and cooled pre-cooling fluid, in particular to allow the pre-cooling fluid circulating in the pre-cooling circuit (18) to enter, for example in liquid form, into the first thermosiphon (48). Installation (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the device for cooling the pre-cooling fluid and / or the device for heating the pre-cooling fluid comprises at least the first part (5) of the set of heat exchangers (5, 6). Installation (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the cooling device (9) comprising a second thermosiphon (49) of the cycle gas comprising a first inlet and a first outlet connected to a loop of the cycle circuit (19), the second thermosiphon (49) being fluidically connected, by a second inlet, to the first storage (10) and configured to receive cryogenic fluid from the first storage (10) to enable a determined level of cryogenic fluid to be maintained in the second thermosiphon (49), the determined level of cryogenic fluid being for example greater than 10% of the total capacity of the second thermosiphon (49), in particular greater than 30%. Installation (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the determined level of pre-cooling fluid being greater than 10% of the total capacity of the first thermosiphon (48), for example greater than 30%. Installation (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the cryogenic purification device (3) being arranged between the first part (5) of the set of heat exchangers (5, 6) and the second part (6) of the set of heat exchangers (5, 6), in particular being configured to be supplied with a gas having a temperature between 20°C and -250°C, for example between -100°C and -250°C. Installation (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the first part (5) of the set of exchangers (5, 6) being arranged in a first cold box, the first thermosiphon (48) being in particular arranged in the first cold box. Installation (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the cycle circuit (19) comprising a cooling member for the compressed cycle gas, an expansion member (39) for the compressed and cooled cycle gas and a heating member for the expanded cycle gas. Installation (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the circuit (2) of gas to be cooled being fluidically connected to the second thermosiphon (49), in particular via a bypass downstream of the downstream end (22). Method for controlling an installation (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the installation (1) being configured to operate in a first nominal mode in which the flow rate of the gas source is between a threshold value and a determined nominal flow rate and in which the pre-cooling fluid compression member (28) is in operation, the installation (1) being further configured to operate in a second standby mode (M2) in which the flow rate of the gas source is lower than the threshold value and in which the pre-cooling fluid compression member (28) is stopped, when the installation (1) is in the first nominal mode, the method comprises a step of fluidically isolating the first thermosiphon (48) from the second storage (4), to prevent any transfer of pre-cooling fluid from the second storage (4) into the first thermosiphon (48),when the installation (1) is in the second standby mode (M2), the method comprises a step of transferring pre-cooling fluid from the second storage (4) into the first thermosiphon (48), to maintain a determined level of pre-cooling fluid in the first thermosiphon (48)., Method according to the preceding claim, when the installation (1) is in the second standby mode (M2), the method comprises a step of measuring the level of pre-cooling fluid in the first thermosiphon (48), a step of comparing the measured level with a determined level and a step of transferring pre-cooling fluid from the second storage (4) into the first thermosiphon (48), as long as the measured level is lower than the determined level.

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