Perimeter protection system for construction sites and bracket for said protection system

Abstract

Perimeter protection system for a building under construction with a lower slab and an upper slab, the system comprising at least four masts and means for removably fastening the masts to the slab and perimeter protection elements which are fastened to the masts, the protection element comprising at least one horizontal bar and a sheet-like protection element hanging from said horizontal bar, the masts being located in pairs, two masts being fastened to the slab and another two masts being fastened to the upper slab, a first mast of the upper slab being located above a first mast of the lower slab, and a second mast of the upper slab being located above a second mast of the lower slab, and the first and second masts of each of the slabs being located parallel to one another.

Description

[0001] PERIMETER PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR WORKS AND MODULE AND SIGN FOR SAID PROTECTION SYSTEM

[0002] DESCRIPTION

[0003] The present invention relates to a perimeter protection system for construction works, and more particularly for building construction works.

[0004] Perimeter protection systems are well-known and are installed around construction sites or buildings under construction. Their main purpose is to prevent objects and people from falling. In addition to railings, various systems are common, such as tray-type systems, in which a net is placed between two horizontally positioned swing arms, usually attached to the floor slab. Another common system is the gallows-type system, which uses two swing arms or inverted L-shaped elements, like a gallows, from which a net bag is suspended to catch any falling people or materials. The bag is attached at its upper end to the L-shaped elements and at its lower end directly to the floor slab.

[0005] Also known are screen systems that offer a screen that provides protection to more than one floor of the building.

[0006] US Patent No. 4129197 discloses a perimeter security system comprising a series of vertical tubes covering two floors of a building and part of a third. These tubes support rigid rectangular structures in the form of square frames with protective netting. The rectangular structures cover one and a half floors of the building and can be raised and lowered along the tubes using guide rails located on the tubes. The vertical tubes are simultaneously fixed to the lower portions of three floors of the building. The system does not allow for the modular installation of a similar system and must therefore be assembled and disassembled as the building expands. Due to the length of the tubes and the connection system, disassembly and assembly require the use of a crane.

[0007] Document EP2325416 discloses a screen-type perimeter protection system that allows for the incremental addition of protection to new floors. The system comprises vertical guides shaped like a ladder, to which the protective nets and support elements are attached. The guides are stacked one on top of the other, allowing for vertical progression of the system by adding one guide on top of the other. The support elements are L-shaped and comprise a horizontal element configured to be anchored to a floor slab and a vertical element at the end of the horizontal element, which cantilevers out. The vertical element includes two connectors to receive crossbars from the guides. Therefore, the guides rest on the lower guides and on the L-shaped support element via the connectors. The system comprises at least two columns of guides.Between each pair of guides are placed at least three protection panels, each consisting of two horizontal bars and a net, so that the first and third protection panels form the railings of two adjacent slabs.

[0008] Document ES1284934 discloses another screen-type perimeter protection system that allows for its extension as the building grows. The system comprises horizontal elements that are fixed to the floor and cantilevered. At their free cantilevered end, the horizontal elements include a connector to which vertical elements or uprights with sliding capability are attached. The system also includes means for independently raising the uprights between two floor slabs located at different levels. The system also includes railings that are attached to the uprights and move with them.

[0009] A common problem with the systems described in documents ES1284934 and US4129197 is that they are climbing or sliding systems, and therefore not designed to adapt to changes in the building's facade line. Furthermore, these sliding systems do not allow the formwork beams to extend beyond the protective system, as this would interfere with the raising of the protective screens, complicating the layout and assembly of the formwork.

[0010] The problem with EP2325416 is that it requires a large number of parts, as the system grows with the building, demanding increasingly more material. Furthermore, with this system of guides stacked one on top of the other, if the height between floor slabs differs from the length of the guides, a height error accumulates as the building grows.

[0011] It is an objective of the present invention to disclose a perimeter protection system that provides a solution to the problems of the prior art raised above.

[0012] The present invention is based on a bracket (comprising in its simplest form a vertical element and means for fixing it to the floor slab) that functions as a repeatable basic element allowing the installation of perimeter protection for a floor. This perimeter protection extends to the floor above, such that the protection system of the lower floor can function as the initial protection system for the upper floor (for example, forming a guardrail). Characteristically, in the system of the present invention, the brackets of a floor and the floor immediately above are vertically offset from each other, preventing interference between them. Because the brackets of the upper floor do not rest on those of the lower floor, it is possible to dismantle the lower floor and reinstall it on a higher floor. Furthermore, the system does not accumulate height discrepancies due to differences in floor slab height.The system also allows for modification of the facade plan floor by floor. Two brackets and at least one perimeter protection element form a module that can be repeated to surround a floor of the building. Specific solutions for corners are disclosed in the present invention.

[0013] More specifically, the present invention discloses a perimeter protection system for a building under construction with at least one lower floor and one upper floor, the system comprising at least four masts and detachable fixing means for the masts to the floor and perimeter protection elements that are fixed to the masts, the protection element comprising at least one horizontal bar and a sheet of protection that hangs from said horizontal bar, the masts being arranged in pairs, two masts being fixed to the floor and two other masts fixed to the upper floor, a first mast of the upper floor being above a first mast of the lower floor, and a second mast of the upper floor being above a second mast of the lower floor, and the first and second masts of each of the floor slabs being situated parallel to each other.in which each of the masts is fixed to its corresponding slab by means of fixing means, the first mast of the upper slab is horizontally displaced with respect to the first mast of the lower slab, and the second mast of the upper slab is horizontally displaced with respect to the second mast of the lower slab, both displacements taking place in the plane of the facade and preferably both first masts and both second masts being in contact, or adjacent to each other, the first and second masts of the lower slab protrude above the upper slab, the first and second masts of the lower slab each have means of fixing a perimeter safety element on the part of the mast that protrudes above the upper slab,with a protective element simultaneously attached to the first and second masts of the lower floor slab in such a way that the horizontal bar of said perimeter safety element is located above the upper floor slab, such that the first and second masts of the lower floor slab and the said safety element attached to said masts of the lower floor slab form a first module that can be disassembled without disassembling the first and second masts of the upper floor.

[0014] Preferably, the protective element comprises a net and two bars, upper and lower.

[0015] In the present invention, the term "forged" should be interpreted in a broad sense, also including floors that rest on the ground.

[0016] The system of the present invention solves the aforementioned problems by horizontally displacing (preferably along the facade) the vertical masts that are aligned vertically. This allows for the simultaneous coverage of multiple floors or slabs without requiring the lower vertical elements to support the upper ones. This, in turn, allows the lower elements to be dismantled and placed on a slab above the upper elements, enabling a multi-story building to be constructed with a fixed number of safety elements (for example, enough for three floors). Furthermore, since it requires neither vertical lifting elements between floors nor are the elements of an upper floor connected to the lower floor, the system can be adapted to changes in the building's facade.

[0017] Preferably, the system comprises a third mast on the lower floor slab, positioned parallel to the first and second masts of the lower floor slab. An additional perimeter safety element is placed between the second and third masts of the lower floor slab, such that the horizontal bar of this additional perimeter safety element is located above the upper floor slab. Both perimeter safety elements can be overlapped. In this way, it is possible to modularly expand the protection on the same floor or slab.

[0018] Each mast can support more than one perimeter security element, in order to offer better protection.

[0019] Preferably, the bar of the perimeter protection element that protrudes from the upper floor slab to which the masts are attached is located at a height such that it acts as a railing of the upper floor slab.

[0020] Preferably, the detachable means for fixing the masts to the floor slab comprise a fixing base, the fixing base being fixed to a respective floor slab, and the mast resting on said base. More preferably, the fixing base comprises an elongated element which may be formed, for example, by a single profile, or by a double profile joined by clamps.

[0021] Preferably, the base also comprises a set of through-holes for receiving fixing elements to the slab at various points. The set of holes may consist, for example, of a set of equidistant holes. The holes can receive a fixing stud, washer, and nut assembly, where the stud is screwed into the floor or slab. Preferably, the fixing means to the slab, particularly the base, comprise a housing for the mast. This housing is cantilevered from the slab. This location of the housing facilitates the vertical placement of the masts outside the building's facade line. To facilitate insertion into the housing, the lower end of the masts is preferably a truncated pyramid-shaped end cap to facilitate insertion of the mast into the base. The truncated pyramid shape also improves impact resistance.

[0022] Preferably, at the outermost end of the fixing means, cantilevered with respect to the slab, the fixing means comprise an anchor to receive a diagonal element or elements located in the facade plane or parallel to it, and preferably externally with respect to the masts.

[0023] Preferably, the system also includes diagonal braces that connect to the base and the mast. These braces allow the masts to be supported, providing a second connection point between the fixing means and the mast, preferably perpendicular to the facade plane. These braces also facilitate the mast and base being separate elements that are connected on-site, which in turn makes the system components easy to install without requiring a crane. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the base includes an anchor for receiving one end of the aforementioned diagonal brace. This anchor may include, for example, a pin, preferably with a trigger, positioned diagonally with respect to the base.Similarly, and preferably, each mast comprises an anchor for receiving the diagonal reinforcement, said anchor being located at an intermediate height between floor slabs. The anchor may consist of a trigger pin for securing a terminal or connector of the diagonal reinforcement or another type of connection that allows for remote disassembly.

[0024] The mast, preferably, may have a main body formed from a tubular profile. This allows the masts to be lightweight and manageable by a single operator. Preferably, each mast includes lifting means arranged for hoisting perimeter protection elements from the floor slab to which the mast is attached. More preferably, the lifting means comprise at least a pulley and a rope for raising a perimeter protection element comprising at least a bar and a sheet-like protective element (e.g., a net). In a preferred embodiment, the mast has at least two of these lifting means.

[0025] Preferably, each mast has at least one adjustable stop to adjust the height of the aforementioned safety element. This adjustable stop is preferably located at the top of the mast and serves to regulate the height of the upper protection module. By being able to adjust the height of the upper protection module, the top bar of the upper protection module can properly function as a railing for the floor above the floor to which the mast is fixed.

[0026] The mast may also include additional stops for additional perimeter safety elements. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the masts are fitted with three perimeter safety elements.

[0027] As previously stated, the masts preferably include an anchor for diagonal reinforcement between the fixing means to the slab / base and the mast. This anchor is located, with respect to the base or slab, at a height equal to or less than the clear height between slabs. This anchor is located on the inner face of the masts.

[0028] Masts may also include, on their outermost face, anchors for diagonalization, that is, the addition of diagonal reinforcements, on the facade plane.

[0029] To facilitate safe assembly, the masts can be equipped with a pivot point relative to the railing of the lower protection module. This same element can be used to secure the ends of the lifting ropes for the upper protection modules.

[0030] The diagonal reinforcements preferably consist of a tubular profile with terminals at both ends for connection to the base and mast, respectively. As can be seen, in particularly preferred embodiments, the present invention discloses a novel gusset plate on which the system of the present invention is based. More specifically, the present invention discloses a gusset plate for a perimeter protection system comprising:

[0031] - a fixing base with means for fixing to the slab

[0032] - a mast for supporting perimeter protection elements

[0033] - a diagonal reinforcement diagonally connecting the base to the mast, wherein the mast is detachably housed in a housing in the base, the mast and reinforcement forming a right angle, and wherein the mast comprises at least one stop for receiving a horizontal bar of a perimeter protection element, and means for lifting a perimeter protection element comprising a bar and a sheet perimeter protection element.

[0034] Preferred embodiments of the bracket correspond to preferred embodiments of the system that is the subject of the present invention.

[0035] Also preferably, the mast protrudes from the fixing base by at least 3.5 meters.

[0036] Preferably, the base comprises a hollow projection at one end that acts as a mast housing. The hollow projection may be located on the upper face of the base and may provide access to the hollow interior of the base. The lower face of the base, in the area where the hollow projection extends, may have grooves designed to receive matching projections from the lower end of the mast to improve its fit.

[0037] The base can be an elongated element. Preferably, it is a single profile, hollow or solid, or a double profile joined by clips.

[0038] The means for attaching the base to the slab may include one or more through holes intended to receive studs for fixing it to the slab. Using these holes, the base can be fixed to the slab by means of a threaded stud, washer, and nut assembly. To receive the diagonal reinforcement, the base may include an anchor located at the end opposite the end of the mast housing. This end may be angled with respect to the main body of the base, such that the anchor projects diagonally from this end relative to the base.

[0039] At the end of the mast housing, the base may include an anchor for receiving diagonal elements of the facade.

[0040] The mast preferably comprises an elongated main body, preferably formed from a tubular profile for weight reduction. It also preferably features a lower end in the shape of a truncated cone or truncated pyramid to facilitate its insertion into the base housing during construction. The lower portion may have projections shaped to match cuts or slots in the base, in order to further reinforce the connection between the base and the mast.

[0041] At mid-height, the mast may have an anchor point for diagonal bracing. The anchor point may be located on a projection. The anchor point may protrude diagonally from the main direction of the mast to facilitate the insertion of a terminal of the diagonal bracing.

[0042] The lifting equipment preferably comprises at least one pulley. The pulley, in combination with a rope, can be used to hoist a perimeter safety element. The perimeter safety element is hoisted to the desired height, or to the height determined by a stop projecting from the outer face of the mast. Preferably, the mast has at least two pulleys, one located at the top and another at an intermediate height. The two pulleys can be used to hoist two or more perimeter safety elements.

[0043] The mast also includes at least one stop for a perimeter protection element. In a particularly preferred embodiment, it includes an adjustable stop at the top. Thanks to the adjustable stop, it is possible to adjust the height of the perimeter protection element relative to the slab above the slab to which the gusset plate is attached, allowing the upper perimeter protection element to function as a railing for the slab above. The adjustable stop may include a series of holes in the mast, spaced at different heights, for the insertion of a stop, thus enabling the stop to be positioned at different heights. Preferably, the mast includes at least two stops at different heights, one at the top and one in an intermediate position on the mast, allowing at least two perimeter protection elements to be positioned at different heights.

[0044] Preferably, the mast has a support projection that allows it to pivot relative to a railing or a horizontal bar of a protective element attached to another mast. This projection can also, if desired, act as a stop for a perimeter protective element. The support projection is preferably curved and, also preferably, located on the outer face of the mast. The projection provides a pivot point that allows the mast to pivot on a horizontal bar (such as a railing, or the upper perimeter protective element of a gusset plate fixed to the lower floor slab) during the operation of placing the mast into the housing of a base that is already fixed to the floor slab, thus leaving the housing, at least partially, cantilevered.

[0045] The diagonal brace is preferably a tubular profile with terminals at both ends for connection to the base and mast, respectively. The terminals may consist of a flat area with a hole that receives the base and / or mast connectors.

[0046] The system that is the subject of the present invention may comprise any of the preferred embodiments of the bracket that is the subject of the present invention.

[0047] Two brackets according to the present invention and at least one perimeter protection element according to the present invention form a modular protection element that is repeated along the perimeter of a building. The present invention and its components are not limited to buildings of a specific number of stories. If necessary, they can be used on one- or two-story buildings. For a better understanding of the description and characteristics of the present invention, drawings of an exemplary, but not limiting, embodiment of the present invention are attached. Figure 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a bracket belonging to a perimeter protection system according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 shows two perspective views, from top and bottom viewpoints, of a base belonging to the cartouche in the previous figure.

[0049] Figure 3 shows two perspective views, from top and bottom viewpoints, of another alternative base to the one shown in Figures 1 and 2, which has special application in corners.

[0050] Figure 4 is a perspective view of two bases like the one shown in Figure 3 in a crossed arrangement, as can occur at the corners of a perimeter protection system according to the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5 shows two perspective views of a third basic embodiment, also of special application in corners.

[0052] Figure 6 shows two bases like the one in Figure 5, in a crossed position.

[0053] Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a mast according to the present invention.

[0054] Figure 8 shows a detail of the mast position, where an adjustable stop and a pulley can be seen.

[0055] Figure 9 shows a section of a perimeter protection system composed of three brackets like the one shown in Figure 1 and six perimeter security elements.

[0056] Figure 10 shows a detail of the external diagonal connection of the section shown in Figure 9.

[0057] Figure 11 shows another detail of the external diagonal connection of the section shown in Figure 9. Figure 12 shows an example of the embodiment of a corner section according to the present invention.

[0058] Figure 13 shows, installed on a slab, a section like the one shown in Figure 9, and three gusset plates located on the upper slab, showing the displacement between the gusset plates of the lower floor and the upper floor.

[0059] Figure 14 shows an example of a perimeter protection system according to the present invention, placed on two floor slabs, the perimeter protection elements of the lower floor slab not being shown for clarity.

[0060] Figure 15 schematically shows a facade of a four-story building.

[0061] Figure 16 shows an assembly process of a perimeter protection system according to the present invention in which the building is added to new floors.

[0062] Figure 1 shows an example of a gusset plate 1000 for a perimeter protection system according to the present invention. The gusset plate 1000 comprises a horizontal base element 1, configured to be fixed to a floor slab; a vertical element or mast 2, which rests on the horizontal element 1 and is configured to support the perimeter protection elements (nets or similar); and a diagonal reinforcement element 3, which diagonally connects the vertical element 2 and the horizontal element 1, acting as a brace, and is intended to mechanically reinforce the gusset plate. In the example shown, both the base 1 and the mast 2 are hollow profiles, while the diagonal reinforcement element 3 is a hollow round bar with lug-shaped connectors with holes fitted with pins located on both the base 1 and the mast 2.

[0063] Figure 2 shows the base 1 depicted in the previous figure. The figure includes two perspective views from top and bottom, allowing observation of the top, bottom, and side faces of the base 1. The horizontal base 1 consists of a hollow main body 10 (formed, for example, from sheet metal, a single profile, or by joining two profiles, for example, using clamps) which has, at one end, a housing 12 designed to receive a mast or vertical element (not shown in the figure). The housing 12 comprises a prismatic receiving area that provides access to the interior of the main body 10. The housing protrudes from the top face of the base 1. On the bottom face of the base 1, in the area corresponding to the housing 12, there are holes and / or slots for receiving the lower end portions of a mast already inserted into the housing 12 (not shown in the figures).The purpose of these holes and / or slots is to improve the fit of the mast inserted into the housing and prevent it from slipping against the inner wall of the lower face of the base 1. However, the mast can be secured to the base by other means, for example, by a combination of projections and recesses, such as a projection or projections on the mast (not shown in Figures 2 and 3) that fit into notches or recesses 121 in the base 1. The main body 10 has a series of through holes 11 arranged along its length. The holes 11 on the lower and upper faces are aligned to allow the passage of a fixing element to the slab, such as a threaded rod or similar. The presence of a series of holes 11 allows the base to be fixed at different points as needed, or even at different points simultaneously.In the example shown, the holes 11 are slotted holes, which facilitates the placement of fasteners. At the end intended to be positioned further inward from the slab, the main body has a connecting element for the diagonal member 3. More specifically, in the case shown, the connecting element is a pin 13. The end of the main body 10 where the pin 13 is located has a beveled shape, such that the pin 13 protrudes diagonally from the main axis of the main body 10, which facilitates the fastening of the diagonal member.

[0064] Figures 3 and 4 show an example of a corner base 1. In the figures, elements identical or equivalent to those shown in the example in Figure 2 have been identified with the same numerals. For this reason, these elements will not be explained in detail. Since the protection system of the present invention comprises a series of brackets arranged in parallel and surrounding the entire building, it is possible for the bases of the brackets closest to a corner of the building to intersect. To avoid this interference due to crossing, bases such as those shown in Figures 3 and 4 can be used. In base 1 of Figure 3, the main body 10 is raised by protrusions 14, which extend from the main body 10. In the example shown, the corner base 1 has a protrusion 14 in an intermediate position.Furthermore, the beveled end features an additional rise 14 where the connector 13 is located for diagonal reinforcement (not shown in the figures). The rise 14 located below the access to the housing 12 is part of it. As can be seen, the access to the housing 12 does not protrude from the main body, as the latter is already supported by rises. The rise 14 located in the middle of the main body 10 coincides with one of the holes 11, and therefore also has a hole to allow the passage of a fastener. The raised portion of the beveled end is beveled in the same direction as the beveled end of the main body 10, continuing from it.

[0065] Figure 4 shows a crossing, in which a base like the one in Figure 4 and another base like the one in Figure 2 are used. As can be seen, the main body 10 of the base with risers 14 passes over the standard base without risers, facilitating the crossing between bases 1.

[0066] Figures 5 and 6 show another example of a corner embodiment, in which both intersecting bases have risers 14. Elements identical or equivalent to those shown in previous figures have been identified with the same numerals. In this case, the risers 14 located at the beveled ends of the base form an angle with the beveled end of the main body 10. In this embodiment, both the beveled end and the riser 14 located on it each have connecting pins 13 for the diagonal element, so that the base can be used in two different positions. Preferably, the angle with respect to the vertical formed by both a beveled end and the riser 14 located on the beveled end is the same, so that the horizontal corner elements can be used on both sides, as shown in Figure 6.Figure 6 shows the intersection of the bases, with one base flipped relative to the other, such that the main body 10 is raised, while the other is not. In this embodiment, it is necessary that the housing 12 be accessible from both the top and bottom.

[0067] Figure 7 shows a perspective view of mast 2 of the bracket shown in Figure 1, and Figure 8 shows a detail of the upper section. Mast 2 comprises an elongated main body 20 formed by a square profile, or a combination of profiles. The main body includes several elements for securing and lifting perimeter protection elements, bracing with a base fixed to a floor slab, connection to said base, and elements to facilitate its manual installation. The mast 2 in the example includes, at its lower end 25, a truncated pyramidal end to facilitate insertion of the mast 2 into a corresponding housing of a horizontal element or base. It also includes a projection 27 with a through-hole 26 to receive one end of a diagonal element that will connect the vertical element to a horizontal element. It also includes stops 24, 22 for the upper bars of the perimeter protection elements.The upper stop is adjustable, while the lower stop also assists in positioning the mast on a base. On the face intended to be positioned furthest from the building, the vertical element may have connectors 23 for diagonal bracing of the vertical elements. The embodiment also includes pulleys 21 to assist in hoisting the perimeter protection elements (safety nets) by sliding them along the vertical element. In this embodiment, the vertical element can accommodate three perimeter protection elements or nets, positioned at three different heights. The uppermost net is hoisted from the upper pulley 21, while the middle one can be hoisted from the pulley 21 located at an intermediate point on the vertical element. For hoisting, ropes 28 attached to the perimeter protection elements 4 and passing over the pulleys 21 can be used.The upper stop is insertable, while the middle one (and, where applicable, the lower one 24) can be permanently attached to the main body 20 of the mast.

[0068] Figure 8 shows a detail of the height adjustment system for the upper stop 22 of the vertical element. It consists of a series of holes 29 located at various heights, which allow adjustment of the height at which the stop 22 is positioned. This stop limits the maximum height that the upper horizontal bar of a net element 4 can reach when it is hoisted by cables or ropes 28 using the pulley 21. The stops 22, 24 are all hook-shaped, formed by a bent rod with a forward and a reverse stroke.

[0069] Figures 9, 10, and 11 show part of a protection system composed of three parallel brackets 1001, 1002, and 1003, each consisting of a fixing base 1, a mast 2, and a diagonal brace 3. Every two brackets support three net elements 4. The figures show the use of diagonal bracing anchors 15 and 23, located at the outermost end of the bases 1 and the masts 2, respectively, for attaching diagonal bracing bars 5 external to the structure. Additional clamp-shaped anchors 15 can also be used at intermediate positions to connect reinforcing elements, such as connecting different diagonal bracing bars 5, as shown in Figure 11, which details an intermediate point of the device.Figure 10 also shows how the recess 121 of the base housing 1 receives a protrusion 221 of the mast 2, limiting the degree of insertion of the mast 2 into the housing.

[0070] Figure 12 shows a corner solution where the bases of the gusset plates 1010 and 1011 do not intersect. Elements identical or equivalent to those shown in other figures have been identified with the same numbers and will not be explained in detail. The figure shows a screw 16 used to fix the fixing base 1 to the slab. It also shows how the perimeter protection elements 4 are arranged at different heights on the masts and how they interact with the stops. The upper part of the masts 2' corresponding to gusset plates fixed to the lower slab (not shown in the figures) and their corresponding upper stop 22' are also shown.

[0071] Figures 13 and 14 show an example of the implementation of a protection system, and a detail of the same.

[0072] Figure 13 shows a detail of the perimeter protection system. For the lower floor 6, the system is shown with the nets in place, while, for clarity, the system on the upper floor 106 is shown without the nets, which would be installed as they are for the lower floor 6. The section shown comprises three brackets 1001, 1002, and 1003 on the lower floor 6 and three brackets 2001, 2002, and 2003 on the upper floor 106. The masts 102 on the upper floor 106 are offset from the masts 2 on the lower floor 6, allowing for independent assembly and disassembly of the system on both floors 6 and 106.The figure also shows how, when the height of the masts 2 exceeds the height of the upper floor slab 106, the uppermost bar of the perimeter protection element 4 acts as a railing for the upper floor 106 until the complete installation of the perimeter protection system fixed to the upper floor 106. Precisely, this upper bar can be used as a support point to tilt the masts using the mast projection 24, to facilitate its insertion into the housing of a corresponding base previously fixed to the upper floor slab 106.

[0073] It can also be observed how the masts 2 of the lower floor are not fixed by bases to the upper floor 106, nor to the brackets of said upper floor, which allows their removal without affecting the perimeter protection of the upper floor 106. A perimeter protection system from a lower floor 6, once installed, can be used on an even higher floor (not shown in the figures). Furthermore, since the brackets between floors are independent, the system can be adapted to variations in the facade plane. The diagonal bracing bars 5 and 105 of the facade of the lower floor 6 and upper floor 106, respectively, are also not connected in this example.

[0074] Figure 13 also shows how some perimeter protection elements go from the first bracket 2001 to the second bracket 2002, while others go from the second bracket 2002 to the third bracket, with overlap between them.

[0075] Figure 14 shows a perimeter protection system surrounding two floors 6, 106 of a building. On the lower floor 6, the system comprises brackets placed parallel to and encircling the building, each bracket consisting of a base 1, a mast 2, and a diagonal brace 3. Externally, diagonal bracing bars 5 are also provided. For clarity, the perimeter protection elements 4 (protective netting) of the lower floor 6 are not shown. Similar to the lower floor 6, the system comprises a series of parallel brackets surrounding the upper floor 106. The bases 1, 101 of the brackets are fixed to the floor slab of the corresponding floor 6, 106 and support corresponding masts 2, 102. Diagonal braces 3, 103 connect the bases 1, 101 and masts 2, 102 to provide additional rigidity to the system.Masts 2, 102 support a series of perimeter protection elements 104 (protective nets) which have been shown in this case. As with the lower floor, additional external reinforcements are provided, including diagonal reinforcements 105.

[0076] Figure 15 schematically shows the facade of a four-story building (6, 106, 206, 306) with a perimeter protection system according to the present invention. For clarity, the perimeter protection elements (nets) are not shown, while the brackets are shown schematically, without detail, with only the mast portions visible. As can be seen, the four stories (6, 106, 206, 306) are protected by three stories of brackets. The first story has four brackets (1001, 1002, 1003, 1004) arranged in parallel, which support the perimeter protection elements (not shown in the figures). The second story (106) also has four brackets (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004).As can be seen, the cartouches 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 of the upper floor 106 are displaced laterally, in a plane parallel to the facade plane, with respect to their counterparts of the lower floor 6, in such a way that the part of the mast of the cartouches 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004 of the lower floor 6 that protrudes above the upper floor 106 does not interfere with the corresponding cartouche of the upper floor 106.

[0077] On the third floor 206, the corresponding brackets 3001, 3002, 3003 are arranged displaced in a plane parallel to the facade plane with respect to the brackets 2001, 2002, 2003 of the floor immediately below by a distance equal to, but in the opposite direction to, the displacement of said brackets 2001, 2002, 2003 of the floor immediately below with respect to the brackets 1001, 1002, 1003 of the floor below 6 to said floor immediately below. As a result, brackets 3001, 3002, 3003 coincide vertically with brackets 1001, 1002, 1003 of the lower floor 6. Finally, it is observed how the higher brackets 3001, 3002, 3003, 3004 provide protection for the fourth floor 306 immediately above the third floor 206.

[0078] Figure 16 shows the assembly process of a perimeter protection system according to the present invention, in which the building is progressively adding new floors 6, 106, 206, 306, and 406. Again, only the brackets of the perimeter protection system are shown, and only schematically. Starting with an initial floor 6, a row of perimeter protection is initially installed and fixed to this floor 6. Subsequently, the formwork for the slab of the upper floor 106 is erected. Since brackets 1001, 1002, 1003, and 1004 of the initial floor 6 protrude above the slab of the upper floor 106, the corresponding perimeter protection elements (not shown) act as a perimeter protection railing for the upper floor 106. With the upper 106 floor slab consolidated, a new layer of gusset plates 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 can be placed on the upper floor and subsequently the formwork for the third floor 206 can be put in place.The operation is repeated once more, with a new group of brackets 3001, 3002, 3003, and 3004 that will support perimeter protection elements (not shown in the figures). After the construction of the fourth floor 306, and assuming that the progress of the work allows it under safe conditions, brackets 1001, 1002, 1003, and 1004 from the lower 6th floor are removed and reinstalled on the fourth floor 306. This is possible because brackets 1001, 1002, 1003, and 1004 from the lower 6th floor do not support any of the brackets on the upper floors. After repositioning the gusset plates at 1001, 1002, 1003, and 1004 on the fourth floor (306), the formwork for the new floor (406) can be poured, with the protection system to which gusset plates 1001, 1002, 1003, and 1004 belong acting as a railing-type protection for said floor. In this example, materials for perimeter protection are required simultaneously on three floors.It could be done similarly with just two floors, or with more floors, depending on the circumstances, for example, depending on the pace of construction and when other types of protections are installed (railings, nets stapled to concrete structure).

[0079] In the examples, the perimeter protection elements shown consist of two horizontal bars (upper and lower) between which a net is located.

[0080] In any case, the system according to the present invention allows a reduction in the materials needed to obtain effective perimeter protection.

[0081] Although the invention has been described with respect to examples of preferred embodiments, these should not be considered limiting to the invention, which will be defined by the broadest interpretation of the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Perimeter protection system for a building under construction with at least one lower floor and one upper floor, the system comprising at least four masts and detachable fixing means for the masts to the floor and perimeter protection elements that are fixed to the masts, the protection element comprising at least one horizontal bar and a sheet protection element that hangs from said horizontal bar, the masts being arranged in pairs, two masts being fixed to the lower floor and two other masts fixed to the upper floor, a first mast of the upper floor being above a first mast of the lower floor, and a second mast of the upper floor being located above a second mast of the lower floor,and the first and second masts of each of the floor slabs being situated parallel to each other, characterized in that each of the masts is fixed to its corresponding floor slab by means of fixing means, the first mast of the upper floor slab is horizontally displaced with respect to the first mast of the lower floor slab, and the second mast of the upper floor slab is horizontally displaced with respect to the second mast of the lower floor slab, both displacements taking place in the plane of the facade, the first and second masts of the lower floor slab protrude above the upper floor slab, the first and second masts of the lower floor slab each have means of fixing a perimeter safety element on the part of the mast that protrudes above the upper floor slab,with a protective element simultaneously attached to the first and second masts of the lower floor slab in such a way that the horizontal bar of said perimeter safety element is located above the upper floor slab, such that the first and second masts of the lower floor slab and the said safety element attached to said masts of the lower floor slab form a first module that can be disassembled without disassembling the first and second masts of the floor, upper section, where diagonal reinforcements are located, the mast and reinforcement forming a right angle, and in which the mast comprises at least one stop to receive a horizontal bar of a perimeter protection element, in which the mast is detachably housed in a housing in the base, and means for lifting a perimeter protection element comprising a bar and a sheet element of perimeter protection.

2. System, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the system comprises a third mast of the lower floor slab located parallel to the first and second masts of the lower floor slab, an additional perimeter safety element being arranged between the second mast of the lower floor slab and the third mast of the lower floor slab, such that the horizontal bar of said additional perimeter safety element is located above the upper floor slab.

3. System, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said bar of the perimeter protection element that protrudes from the upper floor slab to the floor slab on which the masts are attached is located at such a height that it acts as a railing of the upper floor slab.

4. System, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means of fixing to the slab comprise a housing for the mast, said housing being cantilevered with respect to the slab.

5. System, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the outermost end of the fixing means, located cantilevered with respect to the slab, the fixing means comprise an anchor to receive a diagonalizing element located in the facade plane.

6. System, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for fixing the mast to the floor slab further comprise a diagonal reinforcement that connects to the fixing means and to the mast in a direction perpendicular to the facade plane.

7. System, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the lifting means comprise at least one pulley and one rope.

8. System, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each mast has an adjustable stop to adjust the height of the aforementioned safety element.

9. Sign for perimeter protection system, characterized in that it comprises: - a fixing base with means for fixing to the slab - a mast for supporting perimeter protection elements - a diagonal reinforcement diagonally connecting the base to the mast, wherein the mast is detachably housed in a housing in the base and which protrudes from the fixing base by at least 3.5 meters, the mast and reinforcement forming a right angle, and wherein the mast comprises at least one stop for receiving a horizontal bar of a perimeter protection element, and means for hoisting a perimeter protection element comprising a bar and a sheet perimeter protection element.

10. Carton, according to claim 9, characterized in that the base comprises a hollow projection located at one end to accommodate the mast.

11. Carton, according to any of claims 9 to 10, characterized in that the base comprises a series of through holes for receiving fixing screws or studs.

12. Cartouche, according to any of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the base comprises an elongated main body, formed by a single profile or a double profile joined by clips.

13. Bracket, according to any of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the base comprises an anchor for receiving the diagonal reinforcement, located at the opposite end to the end where the mast is connected to the base.

14. Carriage, according to any of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the mast comprises a lower terminal in the shape of a truncated pyramid to facilitate the insertion of the mast into the base.

15. Cartouche, according to any of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the mast has a main body formed by a tubular profile.

16. Gusset plate, according to any of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that the mast comprises an anchor for receiving the diagonal reinforcement, said anchor being located at an intermediate height between floor slabs.

17. Sign, according to any of claims 9 to 16, characterized in that the mast comprises lifting means arranged for hoisting perimeter protection elements from the floor to which the mast is attached.

18. Carriage, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the lifting means comprise at least one pulley and one rope.

19. Carriage, according to the previous claim, characterized in that the mast comprises two pulleys located at different heights.

20. Carriage, according to any of claims 9 to 19, characterized in that the mast has an adjustable stop to adjust the height of said safety element.

21. Carriage, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the mast comprises at least one additional stop for adjusting the height of safety elements.

22. Carriage, according to any of claims 9 to 21, characterized in that the mast has a support projection that allows the mast to pivot with respect to a horizontal bar of a protection element fixed to other masts.

23. Gusset plate, according to the previous claim, characterized in that said support projection is configured as a stop to adjust the height of a safety element.

24. Module for perimeter protection system, consisting of two brackets according to any of claims 9 to 23, wherein the mast stops of each of the brackets receive a horizontal bar from a perimeter protection element.

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