Method and apparatus for beam tracking on basis of PSS transmitted via multiple arrays

Abstract

A method according to one embodiment of the present specification comprises the steps of: receiving control information from a base station; receiving a primary synchronization signal (PSS) from the base station; and receiving a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) from the base station. The PSS is based on one or more sequences. One or more cyclic shift values associated with the one or more sequences are determined on the basis of the control information.

Description

Method and apparatus for beam tracking based on PSS transmitted as multiple arrays

[0001] This specification relates to a method and apparatus for beam tracking based on PSS transmitted in a multiple array.

[0002] Mobile communication systems were developed to provide voice services while ensuring user mobility. However, mobile communication systems have expanded their scope to include data services as well as voice. Currently, due to the explosive increase in traffic leading to resource shortages and users demanding higher-speed services, more advanced mobile communication systems are required.

[0003] The requirements for next-generation mobile communication systems largely include the ability to accommodate explosive data traffic, a dramatic increase in transmission rates per user, a significantly increased number of connected devices, very low end-to-end latency, and high energy efficiency. To achieve this, various technologies are being researched, such as dual connectivity, massive multiple input multiple output (MMIMO), in-band full duplex, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), super wideband support, and device networking.

[0004] Meanwhile, during the initial synchronization process between the base station and the terminal, a process of finding a transmit / receive beam pair is performed. Even after the initial synchronization process, a beam tracking process needs to be performed. Specifically, even after the initial synchronization process, the beam tracking procedure must be continuously performed to update the optimal beam pair, and the beam pair must be operated according to a cycle that takes into account the mobility of the terminal in order to maintain the quality and stability of the link.

[0005] In this case, as the frequency band increases, the beam width narrows, and the time required for the terminal to beam track becomes longer. In other words, if beams are allocated by time-division based solely on time resources, as the number of beams increases, the time resources also increase, eventually leading to a problem where the beam measurement cycle becomes longer. Furthermore, since the location and direction of signal reception constantly change due to the terminal's mobility, the optimal beam pair between the base station and the terminal can change rapidly.

[0006] The purpose of this specification is to propose a signal transmission and reception method for minimizing the time required for beam search / beam update after initial connection.

[0007] The technical problems to be solved in this specification are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs from the description below.

[0008] A method according to one embodiment of the present specification includes the steps of receiving control information from a base station, receiving a primary synchronization signal (PSS) from the base station, and receiving a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) from the base station.

[0009] The above PSS is based on one or more sequences.

[0010] It is characterized by determining one or more cyclic shift values ​​associated with one or more sequences based on the above control information.

[0011] The above one or more sequences may be associated with one or more beams.

[0012] The above control information may include information regarding one or more ports associated with the PSS. The one or more cyclic shift values ​​may be determined by cyclic shift values ​​defined for the one or more ports.

[0013] One of the patterns may be indicated based on the above control information. The one or more cyclic shift values ​​may be determined based on the indicated pattern.

[0014] The above control information may include information on at least one of i) the first port among one or more ports associated with the PSS, ii) the last port among the one or more ports, iii) the first cyclic shift value associated with the first port and / or iv) the step size.

[0015] The cyclic shift value associated with each of the above one or more ports can be determined by adding the step size to the cyclic shift value associated with the previous port.

[0016] The above method may further include the step of transmitting a measurement report related to mobility. The number of one or more ports related to the PSS may be determined based on the measurement report.

[0017] The above measurement report may include information indicating one of the ranges related to the speed of the terminal. The ranges may be related to different numbers of ports.

[0018] One or more of the above ranges can be mapped for each number of ports.

[0019] A terminal according to another embodiment of the present specification includes one or more transceivers, one or more processors for controlling the one or more transceivers, and one or more memories connected to the one or more processors for storing instructions.

[0020] The above instructions are characterized by setting the one or more processors to perform all steps of any one of the above methods based on execution by the one or more processors.

[0021] An apparatus according to another embodiment of the present specification comprises one or more memories and one or more processors functionally connected to the one or more memories. The one or more memories are characterized by storing instructions that set the one or more processors to perform all steps of any one of the methods based on execution by the one or more processors.

[0022] One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media according to another embodiment of the present specification store instructions. The instructions, executable by one or more processors, are characterized by setting the one or more processors to perform all steps of any one of the methods.

[0023] A method according to another embodiment of the present specification includes the steps of transmitting control information to a terminal, transmitting a primary synchronization signal (PSS) to the terminal, and transmitting a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) to the terminal.

[0024] The above PSS is based on one or more sequences.

[0025] It is characterized by determining one or more cyclic shift values ​​associated with one or more sequences based on the above control information.

[0026] A base station according to another embodiment of the present specification includes one or more transceivers, one or more processors for controlling the one or more transceivers, and one or more memories connected to the one or more processors for storing instructions.

[0027] The above instructions are characterized by setting the one or more processors to perform all steps of the method based on execution by the one or more processors.

[0028] According to the embodiments of the present specification, the time required for beam tracking can be reduced compared to conventional operations where the PSS is transmitted based on a single sequence. In addition, the time required to update the beam to the optimal beam pair again can be reduced even when the optimal beam pair is changed due to the mobility of the terminal.

[0029] The effects obtainable in this specification are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which this specification belongs from the description below.

[0030] FIG. 1 is a drawing illustrating an example of a communication system applicable to the present specification.

[0031] FIG. 2 is a drawing illustrating an example of a wireless device that can be applied to the present specification.

[0032] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a method for processing a transmission signal applicable to the present specification.

[0033] FIG. 4 is a drawing illustrating another example of a wireless device to which the present specification applies.

[0034] FIG. 5 is a drawing illustrating an example of a portable device to which the present specification applies.

[0035] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applicable to the present specification and a signal transmission method using them.

[0036] Figure 7 is a figure showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0037] Figure 8 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0038] Figure 9 is a figure showing an example of a THz communication application.

[0039] Figure 10 is a figure showing an example of an electronic device-based THz wireless communication transceiver.

[0040] FIG. 11 is a figure showing an example of an LNA circuit for implementing an electronic device-based THz wireless communication transceiver.

[0041] FIG. 12 is a figure showing an example of an active mixer for implementing an electronic device-based THz wireless communication transceiver.

[0042] Figure 13 is a figure showing an example of a method for generating a THz signal based on an optical element.

[0043] Figure 14 is a figure showing an example of a THz wireless communication transceiver based on an optical element.

[0044] Figure 15 illustrates the structure of a photonic source-based transmitter.

[0045] Figure 16 illustrates the structure of an optical modulator.

[0046] Figure 17 illustrates a situation in which the receiving beam of a terminal is searched using PSS.

[0047] FIG. 18 illustrates a PSS signal transmission structure using multiple arrays.

[0048] FIG. 19 illustrates a procedure for PSS beam tracking transmitted in multiple arrays.

[0049] FIG. 20 illustrates a PSS beam sweeping operation using a single transmitting antenna array.

[0050] FIG. 21 illustrates a PSS beam sweeping operation using a plurality of transmitting antenna arrays.

[0051] FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating a method according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0052] FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating a method according to another embodiment of the present specification.

[0053] The following embodiments are combinations of the components and features of this specification in a specific form. Each component or feature may be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly stated. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. Additionally, some components and / or features may be combined to constitute the embodiments of this specification. The order of operations described in the embodiments of this specification may be changed. Some components or features of any embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment.

[0054] In the description of the drawings, procedures or steps that could obscure the gist of the specification have not been described, nor have procedures or steps that are understandable to those skilled in the art been described.

[0055] Throughout the specification, when a part is described as "comprising" or "including" a component, this means that, unless specifically stated otherwise, it does not exclude other components but may include additional components. Furthermore, terms such as "...part," "...unit," and "module" as used in the specification refer to a unit that performs at least one function or operation, and this may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Additionally, "one (a or an)," "one," "the," and similar related terms may be used in the context describing this specification (particularly in the context of the following claims) to include both singular and plural forms, unless otherwise indicated in this specification or clearly contradicted by the context.

[0056] The embodiments of this specification have been described with a focus on the data transmission and reception relationship between a base station and a mobile station. Here, the base station refers to a terminal node of a network that communicates directly with a mobile station. Specific operations described herein as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by an upper node of the base station.

[0057] That is, in a network consisting of multiple network nodes including a base station, various operations performed for communication with a mobile station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. In this case, 'base station' may be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNB (eNode B), gNB (gNode B), ng-eNB, advanced base station (ABS), or access point.

[0058] Additionally, in the embodiments of this specification, the term terminal may be replaced with terms such as user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), subscriber station (SS), mobile subscriber station (MSS), mobile terminal, or advanced mobile station (AMS).

[0059] Furthermore, the transmitting end refers to a fixed and / or mobile node that provides data or voice services, and the receiving end refers to a fixed and / or mobile node that receives data or voice services. Therefore, in the case of the uplink, a mobile station can be the transmitting end and a base station can be the receiving end. Similarly, in the case of the downlink, a mobile station can be the receiving end and a base station can be the transmitting end.

[0060] The embodiments of this specification may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of the wireless access systems, such as IEEE 802.xx systems, 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) systems, 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) systems, 3GPP 5G (5th generation) NR (New Radio) systems and 3GPP2 systems, and in particular, the embodiments of this specification may be supported by the documents 3GPP TS (technical specification) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331.

[0061] In addition, the embodiments of this specification may be applied to other wireless access systems and are not limited to the systems described above. For example, they may be applicable to systems applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system and are not limited to specific systems.

[0062] That is, obvious steps or parts not described in the embodiments of this specification may be described by referring to the aforementioned documents. Additionally, all terms disclosed in this specification may be explained by the aforementioned standard documents.

[0063] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present specification will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description disclosed below, together with the accompanying drawings, is intended to describe exemplary embodiments of the present specification and is not intended to represent the only embodiment in which the technical configuration of the present specification can be implemented.

[0064] Additionally, specific terms used in the embodiments of this specification are provided to aid in understanding this specification, and the use of such specific terms may be modified in other forms without departing from the technical spirit of this specification.

[0065] The following technology can be applied to various wireless access systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access).

[0066] For the sake of clarity in the following description, the explanation is based on 3GPP communication systems (e.g., LTE, NR, etc.), but the technical concept of the present invention is not limited thereto. LTE may refer to technology from 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8 onwards. Specifically, LTE technology from 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 onwards is referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology from 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 onwards may be referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR may refer to technology from TS 38.xxx Release 15 onwards. 3GPP 6G may refer to technology from TS Release 17 and / or Release 18 onwards. "xxx" indicates a standard document detail number. LTE / NR / 6G may be collectively referred to as 3GPP systems.

[0067] Regarding the background technology, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in this specification, reference may be made to matters described in standard documents published prior to the present invention. For example, reference may be made to standard documents 36.xxx and 38.xxx.

[0068] Communication systems applicable to the present specification

[0069] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this specification may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0070] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0071] FIG. 1 is a drawing illustrating an example of a communication system to which the present specification applies. Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system (100) to which the present specification applies includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR, LTE) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, a wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (extended reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI (artificial intelligence) device / server (100g). For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2) may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device (100c) includes an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device (100d) may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance (100e) may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device (100f) may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc.For example, the base station (120) and network (130) may also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (120a) may act as a base station / network node for other wireless devices.

[0072] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (130) through a base station (120). AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (100g) through the network (130). The network (130) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (120) / network (130), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station (120) / network (130). For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2X (vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (100f) (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0073] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (120) and between base station (120) / base station (120). Here, wireless communication / connection can be established through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on the various proposals of this specification, at least some of the following may be performed: a process for setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, a process for various signal processing (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), a resource allocation process, etc.

[0074] Communication systems applicable to the present specification

[0075] FIG. 2 is a drawing illustrating an example of a wireless device that can be applied to the present specification.

[0076] Referring to FIG. 2, the first wireless device (200a) and the second wireless device (200b) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (200a), the second wireless device (200b)} may correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (120)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 1.

[0077] The first wireless device (200a) includes one or more processors (202a) and one or more memories (204a), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206a) and / or one or more antennas (208a). The processor (202a) controls the memory (204a) and / or transceivers (206a) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed herein. For example, the processor (202a) may process information within the memory (204a) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (206a). Additionally, the processor (202a) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (206a) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (204a). Memory (204a) may be connected to the processor (202a) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202a). For example, memory (204a) may store software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202a) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this specification. Here, the processor (202a) and memory (204a) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206a) may be connected to the processor (202a) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208a). The transceiver (206a) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206a) may be combined with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In this specification, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0078] The second wireless device (200b) includes one or more processors (202b) and one or more memories (204b), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206b) and / or one or more antennas (208b). The processor (202b) controls the memory (204b) and / or transceivers (206b) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed herein. For example, the processor (202b) may process information within the memory (204b) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206b). Additionally, the processor (202b) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206b) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204b). The memory (204b) may be connected to the processor (202b) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202b). For example, the memory (204b) may store software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202b) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequence diagrams of operation disclosed in this specification. Here, the processor (202b) and the memory (204b) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206b) may be connected to the processor (202b) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208b). The transceiver (206b) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206b) may be used in combination with an RF unit. In this specification, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0079] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (200a, 200b) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (202a, 202b). For example, one or more processors (202a, 202b) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource control), and SDAP (service data adaptation protocol). One or more processors (202a, 202b) may generate one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or one or more SDUs (service data units) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed herein. One or more processors (202a, 202b) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (202a, 202b) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification and provide it to one or more transceivers (206a, 206b). One or more processors (202a, 202b) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this specification.

[0080] One or more processors (202a, 202b) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (202a, 202b) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (202a, 202b). Descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this specification may be included in one or more processors (202a, 202b) or stored in one or more memories (204a, 204b) and driven by one or more processors (202a, 202b). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this specification may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0081] One or more memories (204a, 204b) may be connected to one or more processors (202a, 202b) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (204a, 204b) may be composed of ROM (read-only memory), RAM (random access memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (204a, 204b) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (202a, 202b). Additionally, one or more memories (204a, 204b) may be connected to one or more processors (202a, 202b) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0082] One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this specification to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this specification from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may be connected to one or more processors (202a, 202b) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (202a, 202b) may control one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (202a, 202b) may control one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may be connected to one or more antennas (208a, 208b), and one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed herein through one or more antennas (208a, 208b). In this specification, one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (202a, 202b).One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (202a, 202b) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0083] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a method for processing a transmission signal applicable to the present specification. For example, the transmission signal may be processed by a signal processing circuit. In this case, the signal processing circuit (300) may include a scrambler (310), a modulator (320), a layer mapper (330), a precoder (340), a resource mapper (350), and a signal generator (360). In this case, for example, the operation / function of FIG. 3 may be performed in the processor (202a, 202b) and / or transceiver (206a, 206b) of FIG. 2. Also, for example, the hardware element of FIG. 3 may be implemented in the processor (202a, 202b) and / or transceiver (206a, 206b) of FIG. 2. For example, blocks 310 to 350 may be implemented in the processor (202a, 202b) of FIG. 2, and block 360 may be implemented in the transceiver (206a, 206b) of FIG. 2, but are not limited to the above-described embodiment.

[0084] A codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (300) of FIG. 3. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH) of FIG. 6. Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (310). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence may be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (320). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-binary phase shift keying), m-PSK (m-phase shift keying), m-QAM (m-quadrature amplitude modulation), etc.

[0085] A complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (330). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (340) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (340) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (330) by an N*M precoding matrix W, where N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (340) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., a discrete Fourier transform (DFT)) on the complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder (340) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0086] A resource mapper (350) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (360) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (360) may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0087] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (310–360) of FIG. 3. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 200a, 200b of FIG. 2) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0088] Wireless device structure applicable to the present specification

[0089] FIG. 4 is a drawing illustrating another example of a wireless device to which the present specification applies.

[0090] Referring to FIG. 4, the wireless device (400) corresponds to the wireless device (200a, 200b) of FIG. 2 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (400) may include a communication unit (410), a control unit (420), a memory unit (430), and additional elements (440). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (412) and transceiver(s) (414). For example, the communication circuit (412) may include one or more processors (202a, 202b) and / or one or more memories (204a, 204b) of FIG. 2. For example, the transceiver(s) (414) may include one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) and / or one or more antennas (208a, 208b) of FIG. 2. The control unit (420) is electrically connected to the communication unit (410), the memory unit (430), and additional elements (440) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (420) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (430). Additionally, the control unit (420) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (430) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (410), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (410) in the memory unit (430).

[0091] The additional element (440) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (440) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device (400) may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 1, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 1, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 1, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 1, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 1, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 1, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 1, 140), a base station (Fig. 1, 120), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0092] In FIG. 4, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (400) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (410). For example, within the wireless device (400), the control unit (420) and the communication unit (410) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (420) and the first unit (e.g., 430, 440) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (410). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (400) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (420) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (420) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (430) may be composed of RAM, DRAM (dynamic RAM), ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0093] Mobile devices to which this specification applies

[0094] FIG. 5 is a drawing illustrating an example of a portable device to which the present specification applies.

[0095] FIG. 5 illustrates a portable device to which the present specification applies. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as an MS (mobile station), UT (user terminal), MSS (mobile subscriber station), SS (subscriber station), AMS (advanced mobile station), or WT (wireless terminal).

[0096] Referring to FIG. 5, the portable device (500) may include an antenna unit (508), a communication unit (510), a control unit (520), a memory unit (530), a power supply unit (540a), an interface unit (540b), and an input / output unit (540c). The antenna unit (508) may be configured as part of the communication unit (510). Blocks 510 to 530 / 540a to 540c correspond to blocks 410 to 430 / 440 of FIG. 4, respectively.

[0097] The communication unit (510) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (520) can control the components of the portable device (500) to perform various operations. The control unit (520) may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit (530) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (500). Additionally, the memory unit (530) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (540a) supplies power to the portable device (500) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (540b) can support the connection between the portable device (500) and other external devices. The interface unit (540b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (540c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (540c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (540d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0098] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (540c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (530). The communication unit (510) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (510) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals are stored in the memory unit (530) and then can be output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (540c).

[0099] Physical channels and general signal transmission

[0100] In a wireless access system, a terminal can receive information from a base station via a downlink (DL) and transmit information to a base station via an uplink (UL). The information transmitted and received by the base station and the terminal includes general data information and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type and purpose of the information they transmit and receive.

[0101] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applicable to the present specification and a signal transmission method using them.

[0102] When a terminal is turned on again after being turned off, or when it newly enters a cell, it performs initial cell search operations, such as synchronizing with the base station, in step S611. To do this, the terminal receives the primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) and secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as the cell ID.

[0103] Subsequently, the terminal can obtain in-cell broadcast information by receiving a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal from the base station. Meanwhile, during the initial cell search phase, the terminal can check the downlink channel status by receiving a Downlink Reference Signal (DL RS). After completing the initial cell search, the terminal can obtain more specific system information by receiving the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) based on the physical downlink control channel information in step S612.

[0104] Subsequently, the terminal may perform a random access procedure, such as steps S613 through S616, to complete the connection to the base station. To this end, the terminal transmits a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S613) and receives a random access response (RAR) for the preamble through a physical downlink control channel and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel (S614). The terminal transmits a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) using scheduling information within the RAR (S615) and performs a contention resolution procedure, such as receiving a physical downlink control channel signal and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel signal (S616).

[0105] A terminal that has performed the procedure described above may subsequently perform the reception of a physical downlink control channel signal and / or a physical downlink shared channel signal (S617) and the transmission of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal and / or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal (S618) as a general uplink / downlink signal transmission procedure.

[0106] Control information transmitted by a terminal to a base station is collectively referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI includes HARQ-ACK / NACK (hybrid automatic repeat and request acknowledgment / negative-ACK), SR (scheduling request), CQI (channel quality indication), PMI (precoding matrix indication), RI (rank indication), BI (beam indication) information, etc. In this case, UCI is generally transmitted periodically via PUCCH, but depending on the embodiment (e.g., when control information and traffic data need to be transmitted simultaneously), it may be transmitted via PUSCH. Additionally, the terminal may transmit UCI non-periodically via PUSCH in response to a request or instruction from the network.

[0107] Figure 7 is a figure showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0108] 6G systems are expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless connectivity than 5G wireless communication systems. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, will become an even more dominant technology in 6G communication by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1ms. Unlike the frequently used area spectrum efficiency, 6G systems will exhibit significantly superior volume spectrum efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting, meaning mobile devices in 6G systems will not require separate charging. New network characteristics in 6G may include the following.

[0109] - Satellite Integrated Network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to provide a global mobile population. Integrating terrestrial, satellite, and airborne networks into a single wireless communication system is crucial for 6G.

[0110] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and will update wireless evolution from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at each stage of the communication process (or at each step of the signal processing described below).

[0111] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0112] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connectivity to the network and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create Super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0113] Some general requirements regarding the new network characteristics of 6G mentioned above may be as follows.

[0114] - Small cell networks: The idea of ​​small cell networks was introduced to improve the quality of received signals in cellular systems as a result of increased throughput, energy efficiency, and spectrum efficiency. Consequently, small cell networks are an essential feature of communication systems for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB). Therefore, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0115] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0116] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized as high-capacity backhaul networks to support high-volume traffic. High-speed fiber optics and free-space optics (FSO) systems can be possible solutions to this problem.

[0117] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0118] - Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important features that form the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. Additionally, billions of devices can be shared across a shared physical infrastructure.

[0119] THz (Terahertz) communication

[0120] Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. Figure 8 shows an example of the electromagnetic spectrum. Referring to Figure 8, THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally represent a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths in the range of 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300 GHz to 3 THz band is part of the broadband but lies at the boundary of the broadband, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0121] Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0122] Terahertz (THz) wireless communication general

[0123] THz wireless communication utilizes THz waves with a frequency of approximately 0.1 to 10 THz (1 THz = 10¹² Hz) for wireless communication, and can refer to terahertz (THz) band wireless communication using very high carrier frequencies of 100 GHz or higher. THz waves are located between the RF (Radio Frequency) / millimeter (mm) and infrared bands, and (i) they penetrate non-metallic / non-polar materials well compared to visible light / infrared light, and because their wavelengths are shorter than RF / millimeter waves, they have high directivity and can be beam focused. In addition, since the photon energy of THz waves is only a few meV, they have the characteristic of being harmless to the human body. The frequency bands expected to be used for THz wireless communication may be the D-band (110 GHz–170 GHz) or H-band (220 GHz–325 GHz) bands, which have low propagation loss due to molecular absorption in the air. Standardization discussions regarding THz wireless communication are being conducted primarily by the IEEE 802.15 THz working group in addition to 3GPP, and standard documents published by the IEEE 802.15 Task Group (TG3d, TG3e) may elaborate on or supplement the contents described in this specification. THz wireless communication can be applied to wireless cognition, sensing, imaging, wireless communication, THz navigation, etc.

[0124] Figure 9 is a figure showing an example of a THz communication application.

[0125] As illustrated in Fig. 9, THz wireless communication scenarios can be classified into macro networks, micro networks, and nanoscale networks. In macro networks, THz wireless communication can be applied to vehicle-to-vehicle connections and backhaul / fronthaul connections. In micro networks, THz wireless communication can be applied to fixed point-to-point or multi-point connections, such as indoor small cells and wireless connections in data centers, and near-field communication, such as kiosk downloading.

[0126] Table 1 below shows an example of a technology that can be used in THz waves.

[0127]

[0128] THz wireless communication can be classified based on the methods for generating and receiving THz. THz generation methods can be classified into optical or electronic device-based technologies.

[0129] Figure 10 is a figure showing an example of an electronic device-based THz wireless communication transceiver.

[0130] Methods for generating THz using electronic components include using semiconductor devices such as resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs), using local oscillators and multipliers, using MMICs (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits) based on compound semiconductor HEMTs (High Electron Mobility Transistors), and using Si-CMOS-based integrated circuits.

[0131] The core of electronic component-based technology depends on the development of Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) technology, which consists of active components such as Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs), Mixers, Local Oscillators (LOs), and Power Amplifiers (PAs) that constitute the RF Front-end, as well as passive component technology, including antennas, filters, and connection parts. The critical parameters for active components used in RF MMIC fabrication are the cutoff frequency and the maximum resonant frequency.

[0132] In the case of Fig. 10, a doubler (tripler, multiplier) is applied to increase the frequency, and the signal passes through a subharmonic mixer and is radiated by the antenna. Since the THz band forms high frequencies, a doubler is essential. Here, the doubler is a circuit that produces an output frequency N times the input, matches it to the desired harmonic frequency, and filters out all other frequencies. Additionally, beamforming may be implemented by applying an array antenna or similar to the antenna in Fig. 10. In Fig. 10, IF represents the intermediate frequency, tripler and multipler represent the doubler, PA represents the power amplifier, LNA represents the low noise amplifier, and PLL represents the phase-locked loop.

[0133] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an LNA circuit for implementing an electronic device-based THz wireless communication transceiver. Specifically, FIG. 11 illustrates a circuit configuration of a 210 GHz single-stage common source amplifier using metamorphic HEMT technology with a gate length of 50 nm. FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an active mixer for implementing an electronic device-based THz wireless communication transceiver. Specifically, FIG. 12 illustrates a circuit configuration of an active mixer MMIC with a dual-gate structure using 100 nm mHEMT technology.

[0134] FIG. 13 is a figure showing an example of a method for generating a THz signal based on an optical element, and FIG. 14 is a figure showing an example of a THz wireless communication transceiver based on an optical element.

[0135] Optical device-based THz wireless communication technology refers to a method of generating and modulating THz signals using optical devices. Optical device-based THz signal generation technology is a technique that generates ultra-high-speed optical signals using lasers and optical modulators, and converts them into THz signals using ultra-high-speed photodetectors. Compared to technology that uses only electronic devices, this technology makes it easier to increase the frequency, enables the generation of high-power signals, and allows for flat response characteristics over a wide frequency band. To generate optical device-based THz signals, a laser diode, a broadband optical modulator, and an ultra-high-speed photodetector are required, as shown in Fig. 13. In the case of Fig. 13, light signals from two lasers with different wavelengths are combined to generate a THz signal corresponding to the wavelength difference between the lasers. In FIG. 13, an optical coupler refers to a semiconductor device that uses light waves to transmit electrical signals in order to provide coupling with electrical isolation between circuits or systems, and a Uni-Travelling Carrier Photo-Detector (UTC-PD) is a type of photodetector that uses electrons as active carriers and reduces the electron travel time through bandgap grading. The UTC-PD is capable of photodetect at 150 GHz or higher. In FIG. 14, an Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) represents an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a Photo Detector (PD) represents a semiconductor device capable of converting optical signals into electrical signals, an Optical Sub Assembly (OSA) represents an optical module that modularizes various optical communication functions (photoelectric conversion, electro-optical conversion, etc.) into a single component, and a Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) represents a digital storage oscilloscope.

[0136] The structure of a photoelectric converter (or photoelectric converter) is described with reference to FIGS. 15 and FIGS. 16. FIGS. 15 illustrates the structure of a photonic source-based transmitter, and FIGS. 16 illustrates the structure of an optical modulator.

[0137] Generally, the phase of a signal can be changed by passing an optical source of a laser through an optical wave guide. At this time, data is carried by changing electrical characteristics through a microwave contact, etc. Therefore, the optical modulator output is formed as a modulated waveform. An O / E converter can generate THz pulses based on optical rectification by a nonlinear crystal, O / E conversion by a photoconductive antenna, and emission from a bundle of relativistic electrons. Terahertz pulses generated in the above manner can have lengths ranging from femtoseconds to picoseconds. The photoelectric converter (O / E converter) performs down-conversion by utilizing the non-linearity of the device.

[0138] When considering the usage of the terahertz spectrum, it is highly likely that multiple contiguous GHz bands will be used for fixed or mobile service applications for terahertz systems. According to outdoor scenario criteria, available bandwidth can be classified based on an oxygen attenuation of 10^2 dB / km in the spectrum up to 1 THz. Accordingly, a framework in which the available bandwidth is composed of multiple band chunks can be considered. As an example of the above framework, if the length of a terahertz pulse (THz pulse) for a single carrier is set to 50 ps, ​​the bandwidth (BW) becomes approximately 20 GHz.

[0139] Effective down-conversion from the infrared (IR) band to the terahertz (THz) band depends on how the nonlinearity of the photoelectric converter (O / E converter) is utilized. In other words, to achieve down-conversion to the desired terahertz band, it is required to design an O / E converter with the most ideal nonlinearity for transferring to that specific band. If an O / E converter that does not match the target frequency band is used, there is a high probability of errors occurring regarding the amplitude and phase of the corresponding pulse.

[0140] In a single-carrier system, a terahertz transceiver system can be implemented using a single photoelectric converter. Depending on the channel environment, in a multi-carrier system, as many photoelectric converters as there are carriers may be required. This phenomenon will be particularly pronounced in multi-carrier systems utilizing multiple broadbands according to the plans related to the aforementioned spectrum applications. In this regard, a frame structure for the multi-carrier system may be considered. A signal down-frequency converted based on a photoelectric converter can be transmitted in a specific resource region (e.g., a specific frame). The frequency domain of the specific resource region may include multiple chunks. Each chunk may consist of at least one component carrier (CC).

[0141] Beam-Forming and beam tracking technologies can be classified as follows. The above-mentioned beam-Forming and beam tracking technologies can be classified into i) a prediction-based beam operation technology that predicts the next information using measured information and utilizes this, and ii) a channel measurement-based beam operation technology that measures channel status (quality indicator values ​​such as RSRP) and finds the current optimal beam conditions based on the measured values ​​to control them.

[0142] Prediction-based beam operation technology utilizes inertial sensors to measure and predict movement direction, distance, and speed. Therefore, prediction-based beam operation technology enables relatively faster beam control and minimizes channel resource consumption compared to channel measurement-based beam operation technology. Prediction-based beam operation technology is a more effective beam operation technology for implementing 6G technology for ultra-high-speed / ultra-broadband signal transmission using THz.

[0143] The embodiments described below can be implemented in combination with prediction-based beam operation technology. Specifically, in the operation of prediction algorithms such as the Kalman Filter and EKF (Extended Kalman Filter), which are utilized as prediction and estimation algorithms, the embodiments described below can be applied to improve the accuracy of prediction results and to operate beam control more precisely.

[0144] In performing initialization between the existing terminal and the core system and updating terminal location information, the following steps may be performed to ensure fast and accurate beam-forming and beam tracking. Specifically, based on the terminal's capability information regarding beam operation, the method of the prediction algorithm and the type of sensors used may be identified, and additional information may be provided to minimize the covariance error of the prediction algorithm.

[0145] The contents examined above may be applied in combination with the embodiments proposed in this specification described below, or may be supplemented to clarify the technical features of the embodiments proposed in this specification. The embodiments described below are distinguished merely for convenience of explanation, and it is understood that parts of any one embodiment may be substituted with parts of another embodiment or combined with one another.

[0146] The problems with existing technology are explained in detail below.

[0147] Communication using mmWave or higher frequency bands presupposes the operation of beamforming techniques capable of overcoming short propagation ranges. In this case, since signals do not propagate in all directions but rather possess directivity by being transmitted and received only in a specific direction, communication is only possible after going through a process of finding beam pairs with good link quality between the transmitting and receiving ends. In 5G NR, an SSB candidate structure is configured to allocate up to 64 base station beams (i.e., 64 SSB indices) within 5ms using an SSB Burst Set (5ms) structure. Using this structure, it is necessary to find transmitting and receiving beam pairs during the initial synchronization process between the base station and the terminal, and to track beam pairs to continuously maintain link quality.

[0148] In this specification, 'SSB' may mean a Synchronization Signal Block or a Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH, block).

[0149] One approach to tracking transmit / receive beam pairs is to consider measuring signal quality for every transmitted beam being swept. In 5G NR, if sweeping all beams takes 5ms—equivalent to one SSB Burst Set—the period of the beam signal received by the terminal becomes 5ms. Assuming the number of received beams at the terminal is N, it takes 5*N ms to measure every transmit / receive beam once to find the optimal beam pair. However, if the SSB period exceeds 5ms, such as 10 / 20 / 40 / 80 / 160 ms, the signal period required for beam measurement becomes even longer. Furthermore, as the frequency band increases, the beams become sharper, requiring a larger number of beams to be swept to cover the entire area. Consequently, a problem arises where the signal reception period for beam tracking at the terminal becomes even longer.

[0150] In mobile communication, since the location and direction of signal reception constantly change due to the mobility of the terminal, the optimal beam pair between the base station and the terminal can change rapidly. Therefore, in order to maintain the quality and stability of the link, the optimal beam pair must be updated by continuously performing the beam tracking process even after the initial synchronization process, and the beam signal cycle must be operated considering the mobility of the terminal. At this time, the following technical issues may be considered.

[0151] In the beam tracking procedure, the terminal must perform iterative and continuous measurements on all swept beams. If the beams for the measurements are allocated only through time division of time resources, the time resources required for reference signals / beam switching to be allocated increase as the number of beams increases. Consequently, a problem may arise where the beam measurement cycle becomes long.

[0152] This specification proposes a synchronization signal structure and method that can reduce the beam tracking time of a terminal.

[0153] In 5G NR, the SSB Burst Set structure is configured to transmit beams by allocating base station beams to each SSB. Furthermore, the SSB Burst Set structure is not a method that assigns synchronization signals fixedly, but rather a structure that allows for dynamic allocation by setting SSB transmission cycles of 5 / 10 / 20 / 40 / 80 / 160 ms. The aforementioned SSB Burst Set structure represents an improved method designed for flexible application in terms of terminal power, data processing, and base station operation. The SSB Burst Set represents a structure that allows for sweeping by sequentially allocating base station beams. Using this structure, in DL, the terminal's receiving beam must be fixed as a single beam for a duration of at least one cycle of the base station's transmitting beam in order to search for all base station transmitting beams. In other words, as the number of receiving beams from the terminal increases, the base station beams must be received for multiple cycles; additionally, as the base station beam cycle lengthens, the time required to fix the terminal's beam also increases, causing the beam cycle to gradually lengthen.

[0154] The SSB structure is always configured with a set of PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal), SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal), and PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel). If the individual signals of PSS, SSS, and PBCH can be operated differently within this existing structure, it may be possible to achieve more advantageous operation during the initial beam and cell search process.

[0155] - During the synchronization process, the terminal's receiving beam can be found using only PSS. After first finding the terminal's receiving beam using PSS, the synchronization process can be performed by fixing on that beam and obtaining base station transmitting beam and system information from the received SSS / PBCH. Therefore, if PSS is operated to transmit more frequently separately than SSS / PBCH signals, the terminal's receiving beam search time can be reduced, thereby reducing the time required to find beam pairs and ultimately reducing the time required for the synchronization process.

[0156] - To transmit a large number of PSS within a fixed time interval, a method utilizing multiple arrays may be considered. To transmit PSS via multiple arrays without additional time resources being allocated, the following embodiment may be considered. A method may be considered in which the PSS sequence patterns mapped to each array are designed to be orthogonal so that they can be transmitted simultaneously and distinguished by the terminal. A new PSS sequence pattern design is required to allocate PSS that are orthogonal to multiple arrays.

[0157] - 5G NR PSS consists of M sequences and possesses excellent autocorrelation characteristics. If a cyclically shifted PSS is used differently for each antenna array, orthogonal PSS can be assigned to multiple arrays without the need for a new sequence design process. Since the terminal can measure multiple beams based on a single symbol, the beam search time can be reduced.

[0158] Even after the initial synchronization process, the terminal must perform the process of tracking the optimal beam pair to maintain link quality and stability with the base station. During the beam tracking process, the terminal is already synchronized and connected to a specific NB (base station). Based on signaling messages regarding control information with the corresponding NB, the terminal can receive / acquire information on the number of arrays used for PSS beam transmission. This allows the beam tracking speed to be adjusted quickly. Additionally, for terminals that do not require rapid beam tracking, only some arrays can be used for beam tracking, allowing the PSS beams of the remaining arrays to be used for other purposes. By utilizing multiple arrays of PSS beams in this way, an opportunity can be provided to flexibly manage the beam tracking process with the terminal.

[0159] This specification describes a method for generating a synchronization signal and mapping the said synchronization signal to each Tx port, and a procedure for tracking a beam, when using a multi-antenna array in a scenario where a base station and a terminal operate a beam based on a high frequency band of 5G NR FR2 (25250 MHz - 52600 MHz) or higher. However, the scope of application of the embodiments of this specification is not limited to the frequency bands described above. For example, the embodiments of this specification may also be applied to other frequency bands (e.g., FR1, 410 MHz - 7125 MHz).

[0160] During the initial synchronization process, the terminal first calculates the PSS correlation to fix the beam based on the nearest base station signal, and then performs the initial synchronization process by receiving system information from the SSS / PBCH. Therefore, since the terminal does not require system information while performing the beam search operation, the beam sweep time can be reduced by allocating more symbols using only signals related to the beam.

[0161] When a terminal performs a receive beam search, it can perform the beam search using a PSS signal instead of using a new beam sequence. During the initial cell search, the terminal prioritizes calculating the PSS correlation and performs an initial synchronization process based on the nearest base station signal. The terminal can perform a beam search using only the PSS. The PSS is operated by applying different N_ID_2 (0–2) values ​​to three adjacent base station cells. The PSS can be used to quickly identify adjacent base station cells from their respective correlations. Furthermore, the PSS has the advantage of quickly finding not only the N_ID_2 information of adjacent base station cells but also the optimal transmit beam of the corresponding base station. This will be explained below with reference to Fig. 17.

[0162] FIG. 17 illustrates a situation in which a terminal's receiving beam is searched using PSS. Specifically, FIG. 17 illustrates an operation of searching for a terminal's receiving beam (UE Beam) based on the beams (NB beams) of base stations adjacent to the terminal.

[0163] In each of the three cells adjacent to the terminal, a PSS sequence with different N_ID_2 (0~2) values ​​is applied and operated. The three cells may correspond to three base stations. At this time, the adjacent base station cells can be quickly identified using only three correlations. That is, there is an advantage in that the computational load and complexity of the terminal are reduced during the initial synchronization phase, allowing not only the N_ID_2 information of the adjacent base station cells but also the optimal transmission beam of the corresponding base station to be found quickly.

[0164] Even during the beam tracking phase, the terminal can perform a beam search operation by measuring signal strength according to the period associated with the PSS (e.g., the period associated with the SSB). Based on beam information with the connected base station during the initial synchronization process, the terminal can perform the following operations. While receiving periodic signals for beam measurement, the terminal can update synchronization information based on the terminal's received beam and the base station's transmitted beam information.

[0165] In mobile communications, the period of a beam signal is directly linked to the stability of link quality due to the mobility of the terminal. In this specification, "beam signal" refers to a signal transmitted based on a beam or a spatial domain filter. For example, a beam signal may refer to a PSS. For highly mobile terminals, link stability can be maintained only by lowering the period of the beam signal transmitted from the base station to deliver the beam signal more quickly. To lower the period of the beam signal, methods such as allocating more beam signals for transmission may be considered. Specific examples include allocating a large number of beam signals to time-frequency resources or transmitting them simultaneously multiple times using a multi-antenna array.

[0166] When using a method to simultaneously transmit beam signals via a multi-antenna array, it must be possible to distinguish and measure the beam signals simultaneously received by the terminal. To this end, a method utilizing orthogonal beam signals may be considered. With reference to FIGS. 18 and 19, the procedure for the PSS signal transmission structure using a multi-array and the PSS beam tracking operation method at the receiving end will be explained in detail below.

[0167] FIG. 18 illustrates a PSS signal transmission structure using multiple arrays.

[0168] Referring to FIG. 18, the following operations are performed based on a PSS transmitter equipped with multiple antenna arrays (Tx array 0 to Tx array N-1).

[0169] The number of ports (No. of TX Ports) is determined based on control information. As a specific example, the number of ports may be determined based on the terminal speed range index (UE Velocity Range Index). As an example, the terminal speed range index may be defined per terminal. As an example, the terminal speed range index may be reported by the terminal.

[0170] Multiple PSS sequences are generated based on the number of ports (e.g., N) mentioned above.

[0171] Different cyclic shift values ​​(cyclic shift 0 to cyclic shift N-1) are applied to multiple PSS sequences so that multiple PSS sequences are orthogonal to each other. After resources are allocated to multiple PSS sequences, the PSS is transmitted through RF-FrontEnd (Tx port 0 to Tx port N-1).

[0172] FIG. 19 illustrates a procedure for PSS beam tracking transmitted in multiple arrays.

[0173] Referring to FIG. 19, the terminal performs the following operations.

[0174] In S1910, the terminal performs initial access. Through initial access, beam pairs (e.g., terminal receiving beam (UE_RX Beam) and base station transmitting beam (NB_TX Beam)) can be determined. Specifically, the following operations are performed according to the Initial Access procedure. During the initial synchronization process, the terminal receives the SSB to obtain basic system information. The terminal exchanges control information and messages with base stations to establish a link between the terminal and the base station. An initial beam search procedure is performed between the base station and the terminal to receive the SSB. This beam search procedure is performed to locate the base station's transmit / receive beam and the terminal's transmit / receive beam.

[0175] Once the link between the base station and the terminal is established, the terminal continues to perform the beam measurement process to track the beam. That is, the terminal performs beam tracking based on the PSS (S1920~S1950).

[0176] In S1920, the terminal receives control information from the base station. The control information may include information related to the PSS. For example, the control information may include information on at least one of the number of ports (e.g., No. of NB Tx Array) and / or a cyclic shift value pattern.

[0177] The fact that a link is connected means that an environment has been established where the base station and the terminal can periodically transmit and receive control information. Therefore, the base station and the terminal can participate in beam tracking operations by transmitting and receiving information necessary for the beam tracking process. For example, the base station can provide the terminal with information regarding the number of antenna arrays used to transmit the PSS, which is a beam measurement signal. Through this information, the terminal can determine how many beams can be measured within a single symbol. When the terminal performs beam tracking based on this information, the base station can flexibly adjust and operate the terminal's beam tracking speed.

[0178] For example, a base station can transmit a PSS based on a large number of beams to a terminal moving at high speed. The base station can set or instruct the terminal regarding information related to the PSS through control information. Through these operations, the terminal can track beams at a faster rate. For example, the terminal can transmit or report speed-related information to the base station in advance before moving quickly. Upon receiving such information, the base station can prepare an environment to respond in advance of the fast movement. Specifically, the base station can transmit the PSS based on a greater number of beams than the number of beams used to transmit the PSS. If control information (e.g., number of PSS-related ports, terminal speed-related information) is defined and transmitted between the base station and the terminal as described above, the beam tracking procedure can be performed more adaptively to the terminal's mobility.

[0179] In S1930, the terminal performs PSS measurement. Specifically, the terminal receives PSS from the base station. At this time, the PSS may be transmitted based on a multi-antenna array (e.g., Tx port 0 to Tx port N-1) as described in FIG. 18. The PSS signals transmitted to the multi-antenna array must be orthogonal to each other when correlated at the terminal. To this end, PSS signals (PSS sequences) with different Cyclic Shift Values ​​applied are mapped for each transmission array (each Tx port). Examples of methods for mapping Cyclic Shift Values ​​are described in detail below.

[0180] For example, when the number of arrays M used for transmission is defined as port number 0 to M-1, the Cyclic Shift Value can also be predefined to be applied as 0 to M-1, just like the port number.

[0181] For example, a pattern of cyclic shift values ​​can be defined. The base station can transmit information representing the pattern to the terminal through control information. Table 2 below is a table illustrating the pattern of cyclic shift values.

[0182]

[0183] Specifically, according to Table 2, the pattern of the Cyclic Shift Value is defined for each PSS beam operation Tx port. For example, according to Cyclic Shift Value Pattern 0, Cyclic shift values ​​0 through 3 are applied to Tx ports 0 through 3. For example, according to Cyclic Shift Value Pattern 2, Cyclic shift values ​​0, 2, 4, and 6 are applied to Tx ports 0 through 3. The base station can transmit pattern information to the terminal representing one of the values ​​indicating the pattern (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3 in Table 2) as shown in Table 2. In this case, the number of bits associated with the pattern information may vary depending on the use case. That is, the range of patterns that can be indicated through the pattern information may vary depending on the use case (or terminal / base station configuration). As a specific example, the number of bits in the pattern information based on a specific configuration / specific use case may be 4. In this case, one of 16 patterns may be indicated based on the pattern information.

[0184] For example, a base station may transmit the start port and end port of a transmitting port related to PSS to a terminal. At this time, the base station may transmit to the terminal together i) the Cyclic Shift Value applied to the start port and ii) the Step Size, which is the increase in the Cyclic Shift Value according to the increase in the port.

[0185] Table 3 below provides examples of control information for transmitting Cyclic Shift Values ​​per Tx port.

[0186]

[0187] In addition to the examples mentioned above, Cyclic Shift Value mapping for each port can be performed based on various methods.

[0188] The following Table 4 illustrates speed-related control information that a terminal can transmit to a base station.

[0189]

[0190] Table 4 illustrates information indexing the speed of a UE by range. The speed ranges defined in Table 4 are arbitrarily set, and specific range values ​​may vary depending on the terminal implementation method or terminal mobility. The terminal is equipped with various sensors, enabling both hardware-based mechanical control and software processing. Therefore, based on real-time sensor information such as speed and acceleration, control information expressing the expected speed (e.g., UE Velocity Range Index in Table 4) can be transmitted to the base station by predicting that the terminal will move at a high speed. The base station can pre-transmit multiple PSS beams considering the speed range of the terminal. Accordingly, the link stability of the beam tracking procedure can be improved.

[0191] Table 5 illustrates the number of base station Tx Arrays mapped to the terminal's speed range (e.g., UE Velocity Range Index in Table 4).

[0192]

[0193] In S1940, the terminal collects PSS correlations for all TX-RX beam pairs.

[0194] In S1950, the terminal detects all beams and then updates the tracking beam. As a specific example, the terminal can update the beam pair determined in S1910 (e.g., terminal receiving beam (UE_RX Beam) and base station transmitting beam (NB_TX Beam)).

[0195] In addition to the Cyclic Shift Value mapping method, the beam phase transmitted for each Tx Port must also be applied differently. This will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 20 and 21.

[0196] FIG. 20 illustrates a PSS beam sweeping operation using a single transmitting antenna array.

[0197] In FIG. 20, it is assumed that the number of beams operated by the base station is 8 and the number of antenna arrays is 1. In order for the terminal to search for all Tx beams of the base station, it must receive all PSSs (PSS 0 to PSS 7) within the SSB Burst Set. That is, the time required for beam search is the same as the time (5 ms) according to the SSB Burst Set.

[0198] FIG. 21 illustrates a PSS beam sweeping operation using a plurality of transmitting antenna arrays.

[0199] In FIG. 21, it is assumed that the number of beams operated by the base station is 8 and the number of antenna arrays is 4. In order for the terminal to search for all Tx beams of the base station, it must receive PSS 0 and PSS 1 among the PSSs (PSS 0 to PSS 7) in the SSB Burst Set. That is, beam search takes 1.25 (= 5 / 4) ms. In other words, the beam search speed increases fourfold compared to the case where only one antenna array is used.

[0200] Referring to Fig. 21, the phase for sweeping the beam is set differently for each Tx port so that each Tx port is configured to transmit different beams simultaneously.

[0201] For example, the value obtained by dividing the number of beams (8) by the number of Tx Ports (4) can be set as the phase shift unit. As the number of Tx Ports increases, the beam phase can be mapped with a difference of the shift unit. That is, when 4 antenna arrays are operated for 8 beams, the phase shift unit becomes 2. In the time interval corresponding to PSS 0, 4 beams (0 / 2 / 4 / 6) can be mapped with a difference of 2, the shift unit, for Tx Ports 0 / 1 / 2 / 3. In the time interval corresponding to PSS 1, 4 beams (1 / 3 / 5 / 7) can be mapped with a difference of 2, the shift unit, for Tx Ports 0 / 1 / 2 / 3.

[0202] According to the existing method, a terminal must receive all 8 beam symbols (e.g., PSS 0 to PSS 7 within the SS Burst set) to measure all beams (8 beams) of the base station and perform beam tracking. Through the mapping method per Tx Port described above, the time required for beam tracking can be reduced compared to the existing method. Specifically, when a 4-antenna array is in operation, the terminal can measure all beams of the base station even if it receives only 2 beam symbols (e.g., PSS 0 to PSS 1 within the SS Burst set).

[0203] When all beam measurement operations between the base station and the terminal are performed, the terminal performs a beam tracking operation by applying optimal beam information based on the measurement values. Subsequently, the terminal receives beam symbols based on newly received control information from the base station and performs a beam measurement operation, and repeatedly performs the procedure of applying optimal beam information based on this.

[0204] In terms of implementation, the operations of the base station / terminal according to the embodiments described above can be processed by the device of FIGS. 1 to 5 described above (e.g., the processor (202a, 202b) of FIG. 2).

[0205] In addition, the operations of the base station / terminal according to the above-described embodiment may be stored in memory (e.g., 204a, 204b of FIG. 2) in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable code) for driving at least one processor (e.g., processor (202a, 202b) of FIG. 2).

[0206] The embodiments described above will be explained in detail below with reference to FIG. 22 regarding the operation of the terminal. The methods described below are distinguished only for the convenience of explanation, and it is obvious that a part of one method may be substituted with a part of another method or combined with one another and applied.

[0207] FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating a method according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0208] Referring to FIG. 22, a method according to one embodiment of the present specification includes a control information receiving step (S2210), a PSS receiving step (S2220), and an SSS receiving step (S2230).

[0209] In S2210, the terminal receives control information from the base station.

[0210] In S2220, the terminal receives a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) from the base station.

[0211] In S2230, the terminal receives a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) from the base station.

[0212] The above PSS may be received based on the embodiments described above. Specifically, the PSS may be based on one or more sequences. Based on the control information, one or more cyclic shift values ​​associated with the one or more sequences may be determined.

[0213] According to one embodiment, the one or more sequences may be associated with one or more beams. For example, the one or more beams may be mapped to one or more ports (see FIG. 21). The one or more beams may be based on a portion of the total beams. Within a burst window associated with the total SS / PBCH blocks (SSBs), the transmission of the PSS based on the total beams may be performed multiple times. This will be explained in detail below with reference to FIG. 21. Referring to FIG. 21, the number of total beams is 8 (e.g., total SSB indxes 0 to 7). The one or more beams may be 4 beams out of the 8 beams (e.g., SSB indexes 0, 2, 4, 6). Within a burst window (5ms) associated with the total SS / PBCH blocks, the transmission of the PSS based on the total beams may be performed 4 times. In the conventional operation, the transmission of PSS based on all beams within the burst window is performed only once, whereas according to the present embodiment, the transmission of PSS based on all beams within the burst window can be performed a number of times (4) according to the number of one or more beams (one or more ports).

[0214] For example, the burst window may be 5ms.

[0215] For example, the period associated with the burst window may be 5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms, or 160ms.

[0216] According to one embodiment, the control information may include information regarding one or more ports associated with the PSS. The one or more cyclic shift values ​​may be determined by cyclic shift values ​​defined for the one or more ports.

[0217] According to one embodiment, one of the patterns may be indicated based on the control information. The one or more cyclic shift values ​​may be determined based on the indicated pattern. As a specific example, one of the patterns (0, 1, 2...) according to Table 2 may be indicated based on the control information.

[0218] According to one embodiment, the control information may include information on at least one of i) a first port among one or more ports associated with the PSS, ii) a last port among the one or more ports, iii) a first cyclic shift value associated with the first port, and / or iv) a step size. The control information may be based on Table 3.

[0219] The cyclic shift value associated with each of the above one or more ports can be determined by adding the step size to the cyclic shift value associated with the previous port.

[0220] According to one embodiment, the method may further include a measurement report transmission step. The measurement report transmission step may be performed prior to S2210. Specifically, the terminal may transmit a measurement report related to mobility to a base station. The number of one or more ports related to the PSS may be determined based on the measurement report. For example, the measurement report may be transmitted based on an L1 / L2 Triggered Mobility (LTM) procedure.

[0221] For example, the measurement report may include information indicating one of the ranges related to the speed of the terminal. As a specific example, the measurement report may include information indicating one of the indices based on Table 4.

[0222] For example, the above ranges may be associated with different numbers of ports. Specifically, for each number of ports (e.g., No. of Tx Array 1 in Table 5), one or more of the above ranges (e.g., UE Velocity Range Index 0, 1, 2 in Table 5) may be mapped.

[0223] The operation based on the above-described S2210 to S2230 and the measurement report transmission step can be implemented by the device of FIG. 2. For example, a terminal (200a or 200b) can control one or more transceivers (206a or 206b) and / or one or more memories (204a or 204b) to perform the operation based on S2210 to S2230 and the measurement report transmission step.

[0224] The embodiments described above will be explained in detail below with reference to FIG. 23 in terms of the operation of a base station. The methods described below are distinguished only for the convenience of explanation, and it is obvious that a part of one method may be substituted with a part of another method or combined with one another and applied.

[0225] FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating a method according to another embodiment of the present specification.

[0226] Referring to FIG. 23, a method according to another embodiment of the present specification includes a control information transmission step (S2310), a PSS transmission step (S2320), and an SSS transmission step (S2330).

[0227] In S2310, the base station transmits control information to the terminal.

[0228] In S2320, the base station transmits a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) to the terminal.

[0229] In S2330, the base station transmits a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) to the terminal.

[0230] The above PSS may be transmitted based on the embodiments described above. Specifically, the PSS may be based on one or more sequences. Based on the control information, one or more cyclic shift values ​​associated with the one or more sequences may be determined.

[0231] According to one embodiment, the method may further include a step of receiving a measurement report. The step of receiving a measurement report may be performed prior to S2310. Specifically, the base station may receive a measurement report related to mobility from the terminal. The number of one or more ports related to the PSS may be determined based on the measurement report.

[0232] The operation based on S2310 to S2330 and the measurement report reception step corresponds to the operation based on S2210 to S2230 and the measurement report transmission step described in FIG. 22. Considering the above correspondence, redundant descriptions are omitted. That is, a specific description of the base station operation can be replaced with the description / embodiment of FIG. 22 corresponding to the operation.

[0233] The operation based on the above-described S2310 to S2330 and the measurement report reception step can be implemented by the device of FIG. 2. For example, a base station (200a or 200b) can control one or more transceivers (206a or 206b) and / or one or more memories (204a or 204b) to perform the operation based on S2310 to S2330 and the measurement report reception step.

[0234] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (200a, 200b) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (200a, 200b) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (200a, 200b) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0235] The embodiments described above are combinations of the components and features of this specification in a specific form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly stated. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. Additionally, it is possible to construct embodiments of this specification by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of this specification may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is obvious that embodiments may be constructed by combining claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the claims, or that they may be included as new claims through amendments made after filing.

[0236] Embodiments according to the present specification may be implemented by various means, e.g., hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of implementation by hardware, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by one or more ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

[0237] In the case of implementation by firmware or software, an embodiment of the present specification may be implemented in the form of a module, procedure, function, etc., that performs the functions or operations described above. The software code may be stored in memory and executed by a processor. The memory may be located inside or outside the processor and may exchange data with the processor by various known means.

[0238] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that this specification may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential features of this specification. Accordingly, the detailed description set forth above should not be interpreted restrictively in all respects but should be considered illustrative. The scope of this specification shall be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of this specification are included within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. Regarding the method, A step of receiving control information from a base station; A step of receiving a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) from the base station; and The method includes the step of receiving a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) from the base station; The above PSS is based on one or more sequences, and A method characterized by determining one or more cyclic shift values ​​associated with one or more sequences based on the above control information.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method characterized in that the above one or more sequences are associated with one or more beams.

3. In Paragraph 1, The above control information includes information regarding one or more ports associated with the PSS, and A method characterized in that the above one or more cyclic shift values ​​are determined by the cyclic shift values ​​defined for the above one or more ports.

4. In Paragraph 1, Based on the above control information, one of the patterns is indicated, and A method characterized in that one or more of the above-mentioned cyclic shift values ​​are determined based on the indicated pattern.

5. In Paragraph 1, A method characterized in that the control information comprises information on at least one of i) the first port among one or more ports associated with the PSS, ii) the last port among the one or more ports, iii) the first cyclic shift value associated with the first port and / or iv) the step size.

6. In Paragraph 5, A method characterized in that the cyclic shift value associated with each port among the above one or more ports is determined by adding the step size to the cyclic shift value associated with the previous port.

7. In Paragraph 1, It further includes a step of transmitting a measurement report related to mobility, and A method characterized in that the number of one or more ports associated with the above PSS is determined based on the above measurement report.

8. In Paragraph 7, The above measurement report includes information indicating one of the ranges related to the speed of the terminal, and A method characterized by the above ranges being related to different numbers of ports.

9. In Paragraph 8, A method characterized by mapping one or more of the above ranges for each number of ports.

10. In the terminal, One or more transmitters / receivers; One or more processors controlling the above one or more transceivers; and It includes one or more memories connected to the above one or more processors and storing instructions, A terminal characterized by the above instructions being set so that the one or more processors perform all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, based on execution by the one or more processors.

11. An apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors functionally connected to the one or more memories, An apparatus characterized in that the above one or more memories store instructions that set the one or more processors to perform all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, based on execution by the above one or more processors.

12. In one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing instructions, One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media characterized by instructions executable by one or more processors, wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

13. Regarding the method, A step of transmitting control information to a terminal; A step of transmitting a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) to the above terminal; and The method includes the step of transmitting a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) to the terminal; The above PSS is based on one or more sequences, and A method characterized by determining one or more cyclic shift values ​​associated with one or more sequences based on the above control information.

14. Regarding base stations, One or more transmitters / receivers; One or more processors controlling the above one or more transceivers; and It includes one or more memories connected to the above one or more processors and storing instructions, A base station characterized by the above instructions being set so that the one or more processors perform all steps of the method according to claim 13, based on execution by the one or more processors.

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