A heavy fishtail cutter for shield machine
By designing the interlaced cutting knife and the main rib plate structure with acute angles, combined with the wear-resistant mesh, the problem of short service life of the fishtail knife in the hard formation is solved, and higher structural strength and better Low wear improves the excavation efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN201810542991.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2018-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
- Estimated Expiration
- 2038-05-30
AI Technical Summary
In the harder sand and sand pebbles, the veneer fishtail knives are difficult to meet the soil disturbance and cutting requirements of the central section, and have a short service life in high impact and high wear environments.
Design a heavy-duty fishtail knife for shield machine, including a base, a main fishtail knife plate, a secondary fishtail knife plate, a main reinforcement plate and a secondary reinforcement plate. By setting the interlaced motion trajectory of the first cutting knife and the second cutting knife, Enhance rock breaking ability; the acute angle and cavity structure of the main reinforcement plate improve structural strength and flip ability; the outer surface surfacing wear-resistant grid reduces wear.
It improves the structural strength and rock-breaking ability of the fishtail knife, extends its service life, enhances the cutting and disturbance capabilities in the sand and pebbles formation, reduces wear, and improves the overall excavation efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Smart Images
Figure CN108868794B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction, and in particular relates to a heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine. Background Art
[0002] The shield machine is a special engineering machine for tunnel excavation. The front part of the existing shield machine mainly includes: the cutter disc at the front, the front shield cutting ring behind the cutter disc, and the soil bin behind. The cutter disc is equipped with a variety of cutters such as rollers, scrapers, and leading cutters, and the openings on the cutter disc form a slag inlet. When working, the cutter disc rotates, and the various cutters installed on the cutter disc complete the excavation and cutting of the soil. The cut soil enters the front shield cutting ring and the soil bin behind it through the slag inlet on the cutter disc, and then is transported backwards.
[0003] When the shield machine is excavating in soft soil, the cutter cannot be arranged in the center of the cutterhead. In order to improve the cutting and mixing effect of the soil in the center, the existing shield machine is generally designed with a larger fishtail knife in the center of the cutterhead, and the fishtail knife is about 600mm ahead of the cutterhead.
[0004] The Chinese patent with publication number CN103061775A discloses a fishtail center cutter for a shield machine, and its structural features are: a reinforced leading cutter and a reinforced cutting cutter are welded on the cutter body, the reinforced leading cutter is located on both sides of the cutter body, and the reinforced cutting cutter is distributed on the upper part of the cutter body. The design and arrangement have the following functions: first, the shield machine cuts the soil in two steps, using the fishtail cutter to first cut the small circular cross-section soil in the center, and then expands to cut the soil in the full cross-section, that is, the fishtail cutter and other cutting cutters are designed on different planes, and the fishtail cutter is arranged ahead of the cutting cutter to ensure that the fishtail cutter cuts the soil first; second, the root of the fishtail cutter is designed to be conical, so that when the cutter disc rotates, the soil cut off by the fishtail cutter increases the turning movement while moving tangentially and radially, which can improve the fluidity and stirring effect of the cut soil and improve the overall excavation efficiency of the shield machine.
[0005] However, the above-mentioned fishtail center knife is a single-plate design. In harder sand layers and gravel formations, ordinary single-plate fishtail knives can no longer meet the soil disturbance and cutting requirements of the center section. In order to cope with higher impact and high wear rate, it is necessary to design a heavy-duty fishtail knife with higher rigidity and strength, greater impact resistance and greater wear resistance. Summary of the invention
[0006] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine, which has high structural strength, strong rock breaking ability, and long service life, and can effectively achieve the function of cutting and disturbing soil layers in sand and gravel formations with a particle size of less than 400 mm.
[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:
[0008] A heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine comprises a base, a main fishtail cutter plate and two auxiliary fishtail cutter plates. The main fishtail cutter plate and the two auxiliary fishtail cutter plates are mounted on the upper surface of the base. The two auxiliary fishtail cutter plates are respectively located on both sides of the main fishtail cutter plate. First cutters are arranged at intervals on the main fishtail cutter plate, and second cutters are arranged at intervals on the auxiliary fishtail cutter plate. When the base rotates, the motion trajectories of the top centers of the first cutter and the second cutter are located on the same conical surface, and the accumulated motion trajectories of the first cutter and the second cutter cover the area swept by the main fishtail cutter plate.
[0009] Furthermore, the two auxiliary fishtail blades are perpendicular to the main fishtail blade, the connecting line between the two auxiliary fishtail blades passes through the rotation axis of the main fishtail blade, and the movement trajectories of the first cutter and the second cutter are staggered in the radial direction of a circle with the center of the base as the center.
[0010] Furthermore, several main rib plates are welded to the side wall of the main fishtail blade plate near the base. The bottom of the main rib plate is welded to the base. The main rib plate is formed by welding two relatively inclined triangular steel plates. The angle between the two steel plates is less than 180 degrees. The inner surfaces of the two steel plates are formed at acute angles with the main fishtail blade plate and the base. The main rib plate, the main fishtail blade plate and the base enclose a closed triangular cone-shaped cavity.
[0011] Furthermore, there are four main rib plates, which are evenly distributed on both sides of the main fishtail blade plate.
[0012] Furthermore, auxiliary rib plates are welded on both sides of the auxiliary fishtail blade plate, and the bottom of the auxiliary rib plates is welded to the base.
[0013] Furthermore, the outer surfaces of the base, main fishtail blade plate, auxiliary fishtail blade plate, main rib plate and auxiliary rib plate are all welded with wear-resistant meshes, the size of the wear-resistant meshes is 50mm×50mm, the height of the welded layer of the wear-resistant meshes is 5mm, and the width is 8mm.
[0014] Furthermore, the thickness of the base, the main fishtail blade plate and the auxiliary fishtail blade plate is not less than 50 mm, and the thickness of the main fishtail blade plate and the auxiliary fishtail blade plate is the same, and the thickness of the main rib plate and the auxiliary rib plate is 30-50 mm.
[0015] Furthermore, the base, the main fishtail blade plate, the auxiliary fishtail blade plate, the main rib plate and the auxiliary rib plate are made of Q690 steel plates.
[0016] Furthermore, the first cutter and the second cutter are made of Q690 steel plate, a plurality of blades are arranged on the upper part of the first cutter, a plurality of grooves are arranged on the upper part of the first cutter at intervals along its length direction, the blades are located in the grooves and are copper-welded to the surface of the first cutter, the material of the blades is cemented carbide, and the structure of the second cutter is exactly the same as that of the first cutter.
[0017] Furthermore, a first through hole for installing the foam nozzle is opened at the center of the base, and a second through hole for installing the foam nozzle is opened on the main fishtail blade.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the heavy-duty fishtail cutter for shield machine of the present invention has the following advantages:
[0019] (1) The fishtail knife of the present invention is provided with a first cutting knife on the main fishtail knife plate to enhance the rock breaking ability of the knife plate. The auxiliary fishtail knife plate provided can not only share the force of the main fishtail knife plate, reducing the risk of damage and fracture of the main fishtail knife plate, but also the combination of the main fishtail knife plate and the auxiliary fishtail knife plate can cope with higher impact. The whole device has high structural strength, strong rock breaking ability, long service life, and can effectively cut sand and gravel formations with a particle size of less than 400 mm;
[0020] (2) The main rib plate of the fishtail knife of the present invention not only plays the role of reinforcing ribs, increases the stability of the knife plate, and improves the structural strength of the entire device, but also when the knife disc rotates, the main rib plate can also flip the cut soil, thereby increasing the fluidity of the soil. Since the inner surfaces of the two steel plates of the main rib plate and the main fishtail knife plate and the base are all acute angles, the flipping resistance is small, thereby improving the stress condition of the main fishtail knife plate when cutting the soil. In addition, the main rib plate is provided with a cavity, which not only reduces the weight of the entire device, but also saves steel and has low cost.
[0021] (3) The heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine described in the present invention reduces the wear of the fishtail cutter during construction by setting up a wear-resistant grid, thereby extending the service life of the fishtail cutter and improving the overall excavation performance of the shield machine. The grid-like arrangement not only reduces the amount of solder used, but also reduces welding stress and welding deformation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:
[0023] Figure 1 It is a front view of a heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 2 A top view of a heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 3 A side view of a heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 4 A side view of a cutter of a heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 5 The present invention is a top view of a cutting blade of a heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0028] Description of reference numerals:
[0029] 1. Base; 11. First through hole; 2. Main fishtail blade; 21. Second through hole; 3. Secondary fishtail blade; 4. Blade; 5. Main rib plate; 51. Steel plate; 6. Secondary rib plate; 7. First cutting knife; 71. Groove; 8. Second cutting knife. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.
[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.
[0033] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.
[0034] A heavy fishtail cutter for shield machine, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, it includes a base 1, a main fishtail blade 2, and two auxiliary fishtail blades 3. The base 1 is fixed to the center of the cutter head of the shield machine by bolts, and a first through hole 11 for installing a foam nozzle is opened in the center of the base 1, and a second through hole 21 for installing a foam nozzle is opened on the main fishtail blade 2.
[0035] The main fishtail blade 2 and two auxiliary fishtail blades 3 are installed on the upper surface of the base 1. The two auxiliary fishtail blades 3 are relatively located on both sides of the main fishtail blade 2, with a certain gap between them and perpendicular to the main fishtail blade 2, and the connecting line between the two auxiliary fishtail blades 3 passes through the rotation axis of the main fishtail blade 2. The left and right sides of the main fishtail blade 2 extend beyond the base 1, and the edges of the two auxiliary fishtail blades 3 do not extend beyond the base 1. The main fishtail blade 2 is provided with a first cutting knife 7 at intervals, and the auxiliary fishtail blade 3 is provided with a second cutting knife 8 at intervals. The rock breaking ability of the blade is enhanced by the first cutting knife 7 provided on the main fishtail blade 2 and the second cutting knife 8 provided on the auxiliary fishtail blade 3.
[0036] When the base 1 rotates, the motion trajectories of the top centers of the first cutter 7 and the second cutter 8 are located on the same conical surface, and the accumulated motion trajectories of the first cutter 7 and the second cutter 8 cover the area swept by the main fishtail blade 2. Specifically, the motion trajectories of the first cutter 7 and the second cutter 8 are staggered in the radial direction of a circle with the center of the base 1 as the center, ensuring that no empty cuts are left. The accumulated motion trajectories of the first cutter 7 and the second cutter 8 cover the area swept by the main fishtail blade 2, which specifically includes two situations: ① The accumulated motion trajectory of the first cutter 7 on the main fishtail blade 2 has covered the area swept by the main fishtail blade 2, and the second cutters 8 on the two auxiliary fishtail blades 3 play a role of repeated cutting; ② The accumulated motion trajectory of the first cutter 7 on the main fishtail blade 2 does not cover the area swept by the main fishtail blade 2, and the motion trajectories of the second cutters 8 on the two auxiliary fishtail blades 3 cover the area not swept by the first cutter 7 on the main fishtail blade 2. Such an arrangement not only allows the auxiliary fishtail blade 3 to share the stress of the main fishtail blade 2, reducing the risk of damage and breakage of the main fishtail blade, but also the combination of the main fishtail blade 2 and the auxiliary fishtail blade 3 can cope with higher impacts. The entire device has high structural strength, strong rock breaking ability, and long service life, and can effectively cut sand and gravel formations with a particle size of less than 400 mm.
[0037] In order to further improve the structural strength and improve the fluidity of the cut soil, four main ribs 5 are welded at the side wall of the main fishtail blade 2 near the base 1. The bottom of the main ribs 5 is welded to the base 1, and the four main ribs 5 are evenly distributed on both sides of the main fishtail blade 2. The main ribs 5 are formed by welding two relatively inclined triangular steel plates 51. The angle between the two steel plates 51 is less than 180 degrees. The inner surfaces of the two steel plates 51 and the main fishtail blade 2 and the base 1 are all acute angles. The main ribs 5, the main fishtail blade 2 and the base 1 enclose a closed triangular cone cavity. The main ribs 5 not only play the role of reinforcing ribs, increase the stability of the blade, and improve the structural strength of the entire device, but also when the cutter head rotates, the main ribs 5 can also turn over the cut soil, increasing the fluidity of the soil. Since the angles between the two steel plates 51 of the main ribs 5 and the main fishtail blade 2 and the base 1 are all acute angles, the turning resistance is small, which improves the force of the main fishtail blade when cutting the soil. In addition, the main rib plate 5 is provided with a cavity, which can not only reduce the weight of the entire device, but also save steel and reduce the cost.
[0038] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, auxiliary rib plates 6 are welded on both sides of the auxiliary fishtail blade 3, and the bottom of the auxiliary rib plates 6 is welded to the base 1. The auxiliary rib plates 6 are perpendicular to the auxiliary fishtail blade 3, and the auxiliary rib plates 6 are right-angled triangular plates. The auxiliary rib plates 6 can increase the structural strength of the auxiliary fishtail blade 3, and can also turn over the cut soil, further improving the fluidity of the cut soil.
[0039] In order to reduce the wear of the fishtail knife during construction, extend the service life of the fishtail knife, and improve the overall excavation performance of the shield machine, the outer surfaces of the base 1, the main fishtail knife plate 2, the auxiliary fishtail knife plate 3, the main rib plate 5, and the auxiliary rib plate 6 are all clad with wear-resistant grids. The size of the wear-resistant grid is 50mm×50mm, and the height of the cladding layer of the wear-resistant grid is 5mm and the width is 8mm. The wear-resistant grid is set in a grid shape, which not only reduces the amount of solder used, but also reduces welding stress and deformation.
[0040] The thickness of the base 1, the main fishtail blade 2, and the auxiliary fishtail blade 3 is not less than 50 mm, and the thickness of the main fishtail blade 2 and the auxiliary fishtail blade 3 is the same, and the thickness of the main rib plate 5 and the auxiliary rib plate 6 is 30-50 mm. The base 1, the main fishtail blade 2, the auxiliary fishtail blade 3, the main rib plate 5, and the auxiliary rib plate 6 are made of Q690 steel plate 51. Q690 steel plate 51 has high yield strength and tensile strength, and is widely used in coal mining machinery and engineering machinery.
[0041] The first cutter 7 and the second cutter 8 are heavy cutters made separately, and the material of the first cutter 7 and the second cutter 8 is Q690 steel plate. Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, a plurality of blades 4 are arranged on the upper part of the first cutter 7. A plurality of grooves 71 are arranged on the upper part of the first cutter 7 along its length direction, and the blades 4 are located in the grooves 71 and are brazed to the surface of the first cutter 7. The material of the blade 4 is cemented carbide, and the structure of the second cutter 8 is exactly the same as that of the first cutter 7. With such arrangement, the blade 4 plays a cutting role and has a strong rock breaking ability, and the blade 4 can protect the blade body and prevent the blade body 4 from being damaged. The surfaces of the first cutter 7, the second cutter 8 and the blade 4 are sprayed with a wear-resistant layer to enhance the wear resistance of the first cutter 7, the second cutter 8 and the blade 4.
[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A heavy fishtail cutter for a shield machine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (1), a main fishtail blade (2), and two auxiliary fishtail blades (3); the main fishtail blade (2) and the two auxiliary fishtail blades (3) are mounted on the upper surface of the base (1); the two auxiliary fishtail blades (3) are respectively located on both sides of the main fishtail blade (2); first cutting knives (7) are arranged at intervals on the main fishtail blade (2); and second cutting knives (8) are arranged at intervals on the auxiliary fishtail blade (3); when the base (1) rotates, the movement trajectories of the top centers of the first cutting knife (7) and the second cutting knife (8) are located on the same conical surface, and the accumulated movement trajectories of the first cutting knife (7) and the second cutting knife (8) cover the area swept by the main fishtail blade (2); The two auxiliary fishtail blades (3) are perpendicular to the main fishtail blade (2), and a line connecting the two auxiliary fishtail blades (3) passes through the rotation axis of the main fishtail blade (2), and the movement trajectories of the first cutting knife (7) and the second cutting knife (8) are alternately arranged in a radial direction of a circle with the center of the base (1) as the center; A plurality of main rib plates (5) are welded to the side wall of the main fishtail blade plate (2) near the base (1); the bottom of the main rib plate (5) is welded to the base (1); the main rib plate (5) is formed by welding two triangular steel plates (51) arranged relatively tilted; the angle between the two steel plates (51) is less than 180 degrees; the angles between the inner surfaces of the two steel plates (51) and the main fishtail blade plate (2) and the base (1) are all acute angles; the main rib plate (5), the main fishtail blade plate (2) and the base (1) enclose a closed triangular cone-shaped cavity; Auxiliary rib plates (6) are welded on both sides of the auxiliary fishtail blade plate (3), and the bottom of the auxiliary rib plates (6) is welded to the base (1); The base (1), the main fishtail blade plate (2), the auxiliary fishtail blade plate (3), the main rib plate (5) and the auxiliary rib plate (6) are made of Q690 steel plates; The first cutter (7) and the second cutter (8) are made of Q690 steel plate. A plurality of blades (4) are arranged on the upper part of the first cutter (7). A plurality of grooves (71) are arranged at intervals on the upper part of the first cutter (7) along its length direction. The blades (4) are located in the grooves (71) and are brazed to the surface of the first cutter (7). The blades (4) are made of hard alloy. The structure of the second cutter (8) is completely the same as that of the first cutter (7).
2. The heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are four main rib plates (5) in total, and the four main rib plates (5) are evenly distributed on both sides of the main fishtail knife plate (2).
3. The heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surfaces of the base (1), the main fishtail blade plate (2), the auxiliary fishtail blade plate (3), the main rib plate (5) and the auxiliary rib plate (6) are all clad with wear-resistant meshes, the size of the wear-resistant meshes is 50 mm×50 mm, the height of the cladding layer of the wear-resistant meshes is 5 mm, and the width is 8 mm.
4. The heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the base (1), the main fishtail blade (2) and the auxiliary fishtail blade (3) is not less than 50 mm, and the thickness of the main fishtail blade (2) and the auxiliary fishtail blade (3) are the same, and the thickness of the main rib plate (5) and the auxiliary rib plate (6) is 30-50 mm.
5. The heavy-duty fishtail cutter for a shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first through hole (11) for installing a foam nozzle is provided at the center of the base (1), and a second through hole (21) for installing the foam nozzle is provided on the main fishtail blade plate (2).