A tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The present invention proposes a tunnel boring machine, including a cutter disc and a shield body, wherein the shield body forms a soil bin through a shield body partition, a detachable scraper plate is provided on the back of the cutter disc, a detachable soil bin partition is provided in the soil bin, a connecting device is provided on the shield body partition, and a slag discharge device with an advance and retreat function is located at the connecting device. The beneficial effect of the present invention is that it provides a tunnel boring machine with three integrated modes, and the switching between modes can be completed without disassembling large components. On the one hand, it expands the geological adaptability of the tunnel boring machine to different strata, and on the other hand, it can quickly switch in time to improve construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to tunnel construction equipment, in particular to a tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] As an advanced tunnel construction equipment, shield machine is widely used in the construction of urban subway tunnels. At present, the most widely used shield machine types are earth pressure balance shield machine, slurry balance shield machine and shield TBM. It is generally believed that strata with high water pressure, large permeability coefficient and high precision of surface settlement control are suitable for slurry balance shield machine; strata with low water pressure, small permeability coefficient and general requirements of surface settlement control precision are suitable for earth pressure balance shield machine; full-section hard rock strata (with good self-stability) are suitable for shield TBM. Various models have different stratum adaptability ranges, but with the large-scale expansion of urban subways, the strata traversed by urban subway tunnels have become more and more complex. In the same tunnel section, various strata such as full-section hard rock and full-section soft soil may be encountered. The complexity of the strata poses a greater challenge to the stratum adaptability of shield machines. Therefore, multi-mode shield machines are a development trend, and a three-mode shield machine of earth pressure + slurry + shield TBM is needed to adapt to more complex geological conditions.

[0003] There are already various combinations of modes of shield machines currently in use, such as earth pressure + slurry water dual-mode shield machines, earth pressure + shield TBM dual-mode shield machines and slurry water + shield TBM dual-mode shield machines. However, a three-mode shield machine that integrates the three modes has not yet appeared in China. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a tunnel boring machine, which solves the problem that there is no three-mode shield machine in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: a tunnel boring machine includes a cutter disc and a shield body, the shield body forms a soil bin through a shield body partition, a detachable scraper plate is provided on the back of the cutter disc, a detachable soil bin partition is provided in the soil bin, a connecting device is provided on the shield body partition, and a slag discharge device with advance and retreat functions is located at the connecting device.

[0006] It also includes a mud and water circulation system, which is connected with the soil bin.

[0007] The mud-water circulation system comprises a slurry inlet pipeline and a slurry discharge pipeline. The slurry inlet pipeline is communicated with the soil bin slurry inlet pipe. The soil bin slurry inlet pipe and the slurry discharge pipeline extend into the soil bin.

[0008] The slurry inlet pipeline is communicated with the bypass pipe inside the machine, the bypass pipe inside the machine is communicated with the slurry discharge pipeline, the slurry inlet pipeline is communicated with the bypass pipe outside the machine, and the bypass pipe outside the machine is communicated with the slurry discharge pipeline.

[0009] The slurry inlet pipeline is connected to the backwashing pipe, and the backwashing pipe is connected to the slurry discharge pipeline.

[0010] The slurry discharge pipeline is provided with a diverter box, the diverter box is connected with a return pipeline, the return pipeline is connected with a soil bin, and a return pump is provided on the return pipeline.

[0011] The slurry inlet pipeline is connected to the regulating pipeline, and the regulating pipeline is communicated with the slurry discharge pipeline.

[0012] The slag discharging device is a screw conveyor.

[0013] A belt conveyor is provided at the rear end of the slag discharging device.

[0014] The connecting device is a front gate.

[0015] The functions or purposes achieved by the present invention are as follows: a three-mode shield machine of earth pressure + mud water + shield TBM is provided, which can better adapt to geological complexity; the switching between earth pressure balance mode and shield TBM mode can be achieved without disassembling or moving the screw machine; the shield machine in mud water balance mode adopts direct discharge slag, and the slag discharge efficiency is high; the shield TBM mode adopts a screw conveyor to discharge slag, and when the soil bin is unstable or water gushing inside, the rear gate of the screw conveyor can be closed in time to isolate it from the outside, so as to ensure the safety of the site.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: it provides a tunnel boring machine with three integrated modes, which can switch between modes without disassembling large components. On the one hand, it expands the geological adaptability of the tunnel boring machine to different strata, and on the other hand, it can quickly switch between modes to improve construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the front gate structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the soil bin partition structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the shield TBM excavation of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the front gate structure.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of earth pressure balance excavation according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the front gate structure.

[0025] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of mud-water balance excavation according to the present invention.

[0026] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the front gate structure.

[0027] In the figure: cutter disc-1, shield body-2, screw conveyor-3, belt conveyor-4, scraper plate-5, soil bin partition-6, shield body partition-7, front gate-8, slurry inlet pipeline-9, slurry discharge pipeline-10, soil bin slurry inlet pipe-11, internal bypass pipe-12, external bypass pipe-13, backwash pipe-14, reflux pump-15, diverter box-16, regulating pipeline-17, front bin-18, rear bin-19. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a tunnel boring machine comprises a cutter disc 1, a shield body 2, a screw conveyor 3, a belt conveyor 4, a scraper plate 5, a soil bin partition 6, a shield body partition 7, a front gate 8, a slurry inlet pipeline 9, a slurry discharge pipeline 10, a soil bin slurry inlet pipe 11, an internal bypass pipe 12, an external bypass pipe 13, a backwashing pipe 14, a reflux pump 15, a diversion box 16 and an adjustment pipeline 17. The shield body partition 7 divides the front end of the shield body 2 into a soil bin, the cutter disc 1 is located in the soil bin for excavation, a detachable scraper plate 5 is installed on the back of the cutter disc 1, a detachable soil bin partition 6 is installed in the soil bin, the soil bin partition 6 divides the soil bin into a front bin 18 and a rear bin 19, and the shield body A front gate 8 is provided at the lower end of the partition 7, and a screw conveyor 3 is provided at the front gate 8. The screw conveyor 3 can move forward and backward according to different modes. A belt conveyor 4 is provided at the rear end of the screw conveyor 3. The slurry inlet pipeline 9 is connected with the soil bin slurry inlet pipe 11, the soil bin slurry inlet pipe 11 extends into the soil bin, and the slurry discharge pipeline 10 extends to the bottom of the soil bin. An internal bypass pipe 12, an external bypass pipe 13, a backwashing pipe 14 and an adjusting pipeline 17 are provided between the slurry inlet pipeline 9 and the slurry discharge pipeline 10. A diverter box 16 is provided on the slurry discharge pipeline 10, and the diverter box 16 is connected with the return pipeline, and the diverter pipeline extends into the soil bin, and a diverter pump 15 is provided on the diverter pipeline.

[0030] Shield TBM excavation mode:

[0031] like Figure 4 and 5 As shown, before switching from other modes to the shield TBM excavation mode, the scraper plate 5 is first connected to the back of the cutter head 1 (it can be connected by bolts or by welding), the scraper plate 5 has a certain inclination angle, and the soil bin partition 6 is connected to the inside of the shield body 2 (it can be connected by bolts or by welding). The soil bin partition 6 is guaranteed to cover the slag outlet of the screw conveyor 3, the front gate 8 is in the open state, the screw conveyor 3 is in the state of extending into the soil bin, the slurry inlet pipeline 11 and the slurry discharge pipe 10 are in the closed state, and the inside of the soil bin is in a pressure-free state.

[0032] The soil bin partition 6 inside the shield body divides the soil bin into a front bin 18 and a rear bin 19. The cutter disc 1 rotates to transport the cut soil to the front bin 18 through the cutter disc opening, and then the scraper plate 5 on the back of the cutter disc scrapes the soil at the bottom of the front bin 18 to the top of the front bin 18. After the soil reaches the top, it slides to the rear bin 19 of the soil bin along the scraper plate 5 with an inclined angle by its own gravity. The scraper plate 5 scrapes the soil at the bottom of the front bin 18 to the top through the continuous rotation of the cutter disc 1, so that the front bin 18 is always in a low-slag state, ensuring that the cutter disc 1 can rotate at a high speed to achieve the excavation effect of the shield TBM. The rear bin 19 is filled with soil, and the screw conveyor 3 extending into the bottom of the rear bin transports the soil in the soil bin to the rear matching belt conveyor 4.

[0033] Earth pressure balance excavation mode:

[0034] like Figure 6 and 7 As shown, the front gate 8 is in an open state, the screw conveyor 3 is in a state of extending into the soil bin, there is no scraper plate 5 and soil bin partition 6 on the back of the cutter disc, and the soil bin is in a pressurized state.

[0035] The slag cut by the cutter disc 1 is transported to the soil bin through the cutter disc opening. The interior of the soil bin is filled with slag. The screw conveyor 3 extending into the bottom of the soil bin transports the slag in the soil bin to the rear supporting belt conveyor 4.

[0036] Mud-water balance excavation mode:

[0037] like Figure 8 and 9 As shown, the screw conveyor 3 is in the state of exiting the soil bin, the front gate 8 is in the closed state, there is no scraper plate 5 and soil bin partition 6 on the back of the cutter disc, and the soil bin is in a pressurized state.

[0038] Before other modes switch to mud-water balance excavation mode, the slurry inlet pipeline 9 and the slurry discharge pipeline 10 of the mud circulation system are in a closed state, the bypass pipeline 12 in the machine is opened, the slurry inlet and discharge pumps are started, and the bypass mode in the machine is performed. When the conditions such as the pressure in the mud pipeline is greater than the soil bin pressure are met, the slurry inlet pipeline 9, several soil bin slurry inlet pipes 11 and the slurry discharge pipeline 10 are opened at the same time. The soil bin is designed with a slag pressure sensor for collecting the slag pressure in the soil bin and feeding it back to the regulating pipeline 17 of the circulation system. The valve is automatically controlled on the interlocking pipeline to adjust the valve opening to control the slurry inlet and discharge volume to balance the soil bin pressure, so that the mud enters the soil bin for mud balance circulation. During the excavation process, when the slag discharge at the bottom of the soil bin is not smooth, a diverter box 16 is installed on the slurry discharge pipeline, and a reflux pump 15 is connected to the diverter box 16. The reflux pump 15 is started to pump part of the slurry back into the soil bin to flush the stagnant slag at the bottom of the soil bin, and at the same time increase the slag carrying capacity of the main machine section slurry discharge pipeline to make the excavation reach a balanced state. When the above-mentioned flushing function still cannot discharge the bottom slag, it can be switched to the backwashing mode, and the backwashing pipe 14 on the trailer is opened to allow the slurry in the slurry inlet pipe to flush into the slurry discharge pipe at the bottom of the soil bin to discharge the stagnant slag at the bottom of the soil bin until normal excavation.

[0039] When the slurry balance excavation mode needs to be shut down and switched to other modes, first circulate the mud in the soil bin in the excavation mode. When the soil bin pressure is stable, close the slurry inlet pipeline 9 and the slurry discharge pipeline 10, open the internal bypass pipeline 12, and switch to the internal bypass mode. The rear supporting trailer is designed with an external bypass pipe 13 that connects the slurry inlet pipeline and the slurry discharge pipeline together. By switching from the internal bypass mode to the external bypass mode, the shield can be converted to other modes (earth pressure balance mode or shield TBM mode).

[0040] There are 6 types of mode switching according to usage: switching from slurry balance tunneling mode to earth pressure balance tunneling mode, switching from slurry balance tunneling mode to shield TBM tunneling mode, switching from earth pressure balance tunneling mode to slurry balance tunneling mode, switching from earth pressure balance tunneling mode to shield TBM tunneling mode, switching from shield TBM tunneling mode to earth pressure balance tunneling mode, and switching from shield TBM tunneling mode to slurry balance tunneling mode. Please refer to the above specific operation process description for the 6 mode switching methods.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine, comprising a cutterhead (1) and a shield (2), wherein the shield (2) forms a soil bin through a shield partition (7), characterized in that: The back of the cutter disc (1) is provided with a detachable scraper plate (5), the soil bin is provided with a detachable soil bin partition (6), a connecting device is provided on the shield body partition (7), and a slag discharge device with an advance and retreat function is located at the connecting device; the connecting device is a front gate (8); and the slag discharge device is a screw conveyor (3); It also includes a mud and water circulation system, which is connected to the soil bin; the mud and water circulation system includes a slurry inlet pipeline (9) and a slurry discharge pipeline (10), the slurry inlet pipeline (9) is connected to the soil bin slurry inlet pipe (11), and the soil bin slurry inlet pipe (11) and the slurry discharge pipeline (10) extend into the soil bin; Shield TBM excavation mode: the scraper plate (5) is connected to the back of the cutterhead (1) with a certain inclination angle, the soil bin partition plate (6) is connected to the inside of the shield body (2), the soil bin partition plate (6) is guaranteed to cover the slag outlet of the screw conveyor (3), the front gate (8) is in an open state, the screw conveyor (3) is in a state of extending into the soil bin, the soil bin slurry inlet pipe (11) and the slurry discharge pipe (10) are in a closed state, and the soil bin is in a pressure-free state; Earth pressure balance excavation mode: the front gate (8) is in an open state, the screw conveyor (3) is in a state of extending into the soil bin, there is no scraper plate (5) and soil bin partition (6) on the back of the cutter head, and the soil bin is in a pressurized state; Mud-water balance excavation mode: the screw conveyor (3) is in the state of exiting the soil bin, the front gate (8) is in the closed state, there is no scraper plate (5) and soil bin partition (6) on the back of the cutter head, and the soil bin is in a pressurized state.

2. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slurry inlet pipeline (9) is in communication with an internal bypass pipe (12), the internal bypass pipe (12) is in communication with a slurry discharge pipeline (10), the slurry inlet pipeline (9) is in communication with an external bypass pipe (13), and the external bypass pipe (13) is in communication with the slurry discharge pipeline (10).

3. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slurry inlet pipeline (9) is connected to the backwashing pipe (14), and the backwashing pipe (14) is connected to the slurry discharge pipeline (10).

4. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slurry discharge pipeline (10) is provided with a diverter box (16), the diverter box (16) is connected to a return pipeline, the return pipeline is connected to a soil bin, and a return pump (15) is provided on the return pipeline.

5. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slurry inlet pipeline (9) is connected to the regulating pipeline (17), and the regulating pipeline (17) is communicated with the slurry discharge pipeline (10).

6. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A belt conveyor (4) is provided at the rear end of the slag discharging device.

Images