A medical external fixator

Abstract

The invention discloses a medical external fixator, which solves the problems of the loss of femoral neck-shaft angle and anteversion angle and the occurrence of hip varus deformity caused by the instability of the previous hip external fixator, and solves the problem of elastic pressurization, improves the fracture healing rate and reduces the possibility of complications caused by long-term bed rest; a long through hole is arranged on the first bracket, two columnar adjustment blocks are arranged in the long through hole, two ends of the columnar adjustment blocks pass through the long through hole, one end of the two columnar adjustment blocks are respectively provided with fasteners, the other ends of the two columnar adjustment blocks are respectively provided with pinholes, and the pinholes pass through the columnar adjustment blocks; a sliding frame is movably arranged on the second bracket, that is, the sliding frame is correspondingly sleeved on the guide shaft and the screw rod, and an internal thread is arranged in the hole sleeved with the screw rod, so that the sliding frame can move back and forth laterally along the guide shaft when the screw rod rotates, and two second fixing pins are fixedly arranged on the sliding frame. The invention is widely used in the field of medical device technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses a medical external fixator, which belongs to the technical field of medical instruments and is specifically used for external fixation of adult femoral trochanter and external fixation of femoral neck of children and adolescents. Background Art

[0002] Currently, patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures are treated with open surgery, but it is prone to bleeding, traumatic multi-organ interference, etc. The hip external fixator is unstable, which can easily cause the loss of femoral neck-shaft angle and anteversion angle, and hip varus deformity. In addition, patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures used to have only rigid fixation after fixation due to osteoporosis in the elderly, but no elastic compression effect, resulting in a low fracture healing rate and prolonged bed rest time, and even complications. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a medical external fixator, which solves the problem of the loss of femoral neck-shaft angle and anteversion angle caused by the instability of previous hip external fixators, thereby causing hip varus deformity, and solves the problem of elastic pressurization, thereby improving the fracture healing rate and reducing the possibility of complications caused by long-term bed rest.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a medical external fixator, comprising a first bracket and a second bracket, one end of the first bracket is fixedly connected to the second bracket, and the angle between the first bracket and the second bracket is 3 to 10 degrees, the first bracket is provided with a long through hole, the center line of the long through hole is perpendicular to the plane formed by the intersection of the first bracket and the second bracket, at least two cylindrical adjustment blocks are arranged in the long through hole, the cylindrical adjustment block is convex and passes through the long through hole, the cylindrical adjustment block can slide back and forth horizontally along the long through hole, and can also rotate freely around its own central axis, the thinner end of the cylindrical adjustment block is provided with a fastener, the fastener is used to fix the cylindrical adjustment block on the first bracket, the other end of the cylindrical adjustment block is provided with a pinhole, the pinhole passes through the cylindrical adjustment block, and the central axis of the pinhole is perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical adjustment block, and the pinhole is used to insert a first fixing pin;

[0005] The structure of the second bracket is as follows: it includes a fixed block, a guide shaft, a screw rod and a support block, the guide shaft and the screw rod are arranged in parallel, the fixed block is fixedly arranged at one end of the guide shaft, the other end of the guide shaft is fixedly arranged with a support block, one end of the screw rod is movably arranged on the fixed block, the other end of the screw rod is arranged through the support block, and a screw nut is arranged at the end extending out of the support block, the screw nut is fixedly arranged together with the screw rod, and the screw rod is driven to rotate by rotating the screw nut;

[0006] A sliding frame is movably provided on the second bracket, that is, the sliding frame is correspondingly mounted on the guide shaft and the screw rod, and an internal thread is provided in the hole mounted on the screw rod, so that the sliding frame can move back and forth laterally along the guide shaft when the screw rod rotates, and two second fixing needles are fixedly provided on the sliding frame, and the two second fixing needles are arranged parallel to each other.

[0007] The first fixing needle is fixed by a fastening screw arranged at the end of the cylindrical adjustment block.

[0008] The angle between the first bracket and the second bracket is 6.5°.

[0009] The cylindrical adjustment block is provided with an anti-rotation clamp block, which is a nut with gear teeth on one side. The anti-rotation clamp block is arranged on the cylindrical adjustment block on the side away from the fastener, and meshes with the gear teeth arranged on the cylindrical adjustment block for self-locking of the cylindrical adjustment block.

[0010] The sliding frame has a convex structure, and the thicker end of the sliding frame is mounted on the second bracket, and the other end of the sliding frame is sequentially mounted with a lower clamping plate and an upper clamping plate, and two semicircular guide grooves are arranged on the opposite sides of the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate, and the corresponding two semicircular guide grooves on the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate cooperate to form a circular clamping hole, and the clamping hole is used to clamp the second fixing needle, and the upper clamping plate fixes the second fixing needle to the lower clamping plate by bolts.

[0011] The sliding frame is a columnar structure, and gear teeth are arranged on the contact surface between the lower clamping plate and the sliding frame, and the gear teeth are used for self-locking between the lower clamping plate and the sliding frame.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the fixation of the distal universal clamp block of the present invention is not only convenient for medical personnel to operate, but also can greatly shorten the operation time and fracture healing time, reduce the patient's trauma, bleeding and other risks, and enable the patient to get out of bed earlier; the distal pressure screw can generate an elastic prying force for the proximal fixation pin to move upward and outward, and the two proximal fixation pins and the femoral shaft form a triangular stability, combined with the protruding rectangular embedded groove of the clamp block, the position of the fixation pin and the external fixation rod is more stable, which can reduce the occurrence of hip deformity and improve the patient's survival rate and fracture healing rate; in addition, this fixation method can be operated under local anesthesia, reducing the risk of general anesthesia or epidural anesthesia, which is good news for elderly patients with femoral trochanteric fractures and multiple underlying diseases. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0014] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a stereogram of the present invention.

[0016] In the figure: 1 is a first bracket, 2 is a second bracket, 21 is a fixed block, 22 is a guide shaft, 23 is a screw rod, 24 is a support block, 25 is a screw nut, 3 is a long through hole, 4 is a cylindrical adjustment block, 5 is a pinhole, 6 is a first fixed needle, 7 is a fastening screw, 8 is a sliding frame, 9 is a second fixed needle, 10 is a semicircular guide groove, 11 is a lower clamp, 12 is a bolt, 13 is an anti-rotation clamp block, 14 is a fastener, and 15 is an upper clamp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a medical external fixator of the present invention comprises a first bracket 1 and a second bracket 2, one end of the first bracket 1 and the second bracket 2 are fixedly connected together, and the angle between the first bracket 1 and the second bracket 2 is 3-10°, a long through hole 3 is arranged on the first bracket 1, the center line of the long through hole 3 is perpendicular to the plane formed by the intersection of the first bracket 1 and the second bracket 2, at least two columnar adjustment blocks 4 are arranged in the long through hole 3, the columnar adjustment block 4 is convex and is arranged through the long through hole 3, the columnar adjustment block 4 can slide back and forth laterally along the long through hole 3, and can also rotate freely around its own central axis, a fastener 14 is arranged at a thinner end of the columnar adjustment block 4, the fastener 14 is used to fix the columnar adjustment block 4 on the first bracket 1, and a pinhole 5 is arranged at the other end of the columnar adjustment block 4, the pinhole 5 is arranged through the columnar adjustment block 4, and the central axis of the pinhole 5 is perpendicular to the central axis of the columnar adjustment block 4, and the pinhole 5 is used to insert a first fixing pin 6;

[0018] The structure of the second bracket 2 is as follows: it includes a fixed block 21, a guide shaft 22, a screw rod 23 and a support block 24, the guide shaft 22 and the screw rod 23 are arranged in parallel, the fixed block 21 is fixedly arranged at one end of the guide shaft 22, the other end of the guide shaft 22 is fixedly arranged with a support block 24, one end of the screw rod 23 is movably arranged on the fixed block 21, the other end of the screw rod 23 is arranged through the support block 24, and a screw nut 25 is arranged at the end extending out of the support block 24, the screw nut 25 is fixedly arranged together with the screw rod 23, and the screw rod 23 is driven to rotate by rotating the screw nut 25;

[0019] A sliding frame 8 is movably provided on the second bracket 2, that is, the sliding frame 8 is correspondingly mounted on the guide shaft 22 and the screw rod 23, and an internal thread is provided in the hole mounted on the screw rod 23, so that the sliding frame 8 can move back and forth laterally along the guide shaft 22 when the screw rod 23 rotates, and two second fixing needles 9 are fixedly provided on the sliding frame 8, and the two second fixing needles 9 are arranged parallel to each other.

[0020] The first fixing needle 6 is fixed by a fastening screw 7 arranged at the end of the cylindrical adjustment block 4 .

[0021] The angle between the first bracket 1 and the second bracket 2 is 6.5°.

[0022] The cylindrical adjustment block 4 is provided with an anti-rotation clamp block 13, which is a nut with gear teeth on one side. The anti-rotation clamp block 13 is arranged on the cylindrical adjustment block 4 on the side away from the fastener 14, and meshes with the gear teeth arranged on the cylindrical adjustment block 4, for self-locking of the cylindrical adjustment block 4.

[0023] The sliding frame 8 has a convex structure, and the thicker end of the sliding frame 8 is mounted on the second bracket 2, and the other end of the sliding frame 8 is mounted with a lower clamping plate 11 and an upper clamping plate 15 in sequence. Two semicircular guide grooves 10 are arranged on the opposite sides of the lower clamping plate 11 and the upper clamping plate 15, and the corresponding two semicircular guide grooves 10 on the lower clamping plate 11 and the upper clamping plate 15 cooperate to form a circular clamping hole, which is used to clamp the second fixing needle 9. The upper clamping plate 15 fixes the second fixing needle 9 to the lower clamping plate 11 through a bolt 12.

[0024] The sliding frame 8 is a columnar structure, and gear teeth are provided on the contact surface between the lower clamping plate 11 and the sliding frame 8 , and the gear teeth are used for self-locking between the lower clamping plate 11 and the sliding frame 8 .

[0025] In the present invention, the fixing block 21 and the supporting block 24 are fixed to the guide shaft 22 by screws. The guide shaft 22 is integrally formed with the first bracket 1 , and a scale is set on the guide shaft 22 , which is used to accurately control the moving position of the sliding frame 8 on the screw rod 23 .

[0026] The present invention aims at patients with femoral intertrochanteric (intertrochanteric) fractures, which are prone to bleeding, traumatic multi-organ interference and the like by open surgery. The present invention adopts minimally invasive treatment with Chinese medicine characteristics, relying on gradient elastic fixation theory, triangular stability theory, anti-rotation fixation principle, and adjustable length of the bracket to maintain the tension principle of the external bracket, thereby solving the problems of loss of femoral neck-shaft angle and anteversion angle, and hip varus deformity caused by instability of previous hip external fixation brackets. In addition, the present invention aims at the problem that patients with femoral intertrochanteric (intertrochanteric) fractures in the past had only rigid fixation but no elastic pressurization effect after fixation due to osteoporosis in the elderly. The present invention not only solves the problem of elastic pressurization, but also improves the fracture healing rate and reduces the possibility of complications caused by long-term bed rest.

[0027] The present invention proposes the "two precisions, two parallels" theory, namely:

[0028] Two precisions: precise anatomical location and precise needle insertion (the needle is inserted at a 120° angle at the proximal femoral neck).

[0029] Two parallels: the proximal slide groove (i.e. the long through hole) is parallel to the lateral side of the thigh, and after the proximal fixation, the distal pressure adjustment part (i.e. the screw rod) is parallel to the middle and lower thigh.

[0030] The present invention has the following characteristics:

[0031] ① The second bracket 2 is designed to be 6.5° everted relative to the first bracket 1 to continuously maintain the compression tension on the lateral side of the femur and dynamically maintain the femoral neck-shaft angle;

[0032] ② The design is adjustable (screw rod), and the method of first extending and then pressurizing is adopted. The adjustment length is determined according to the actual treatment needs, which increases the adjustable capacity of the sliding frame 8, and the scale is convenient for precise size adjustment.

[0033] ③ The design of the anti-rotation clamp (i.e., gear design) can stabilize the distal and proximal bone fixation pins, thereby limiting the fatigue micro-motion of the fixation pins in the treatment plane;

[0034] ④ The outer fixing rod adopts an integrated molding design at the 6.5-degree running part (where stress is concentrated, i.e., the connection part between the first bracket 1 and the guide shaft 22), which effectively prevents breakage at this part during use;

[0035] ⑤ The thickness of the fixing needle should be Φ4mm or Φ5mm to produce the elasticity of the fixing needle. The product material should have high flexibility and large elastic film. The front end of the fixing needle should adopt a one-way thread design to effectively prevent the needle from retreating.

[0036] ⑥ The needle tip has a sharp triangular design, which can quickly enter the bone cortex, reduce the damage of the periosteum, and prevent slippage on the bone surface. Needle insertion angle requirements: two needles at the proximal end, one is inserted parallel to the tension line of the femoral neck, and the other is inserted parallel to the pressure line of the femur, so that the two needle bodies and the outer side of the femur form a "triangle" stable fixed structure, which can prevent the needle from slipping back or entering deep into the abdomen. After the elastic pressure is applied in the later stage, it can produce continuous elastic fixation of the proximal end of the fracture upward and outward to prevent hip varus;

[0037] ⑦ The two needles at the distal end enter the distal femur bone in parallel. The bone quality here is good and the holding force is strong, laying the foundation for elastic fixation.

[0038] The present invention utilizes a minimally invasive external fixator to elastically treat femoral trochanteric fractures and external fixation of the femoral neck in children and adolescents, thereby reducing trauma, bleeding and other risks to patients, reducing the incidence of hip varus deformity and venous thrombosis, improving the fracture healing rate, allowing patients to get out of bed earlier, and is simple to operate and easy to promote and apply.

[0039] The fixation of the distal universal clamp block (i.e., the support block 24) of the present invention is not only convenient for medical personnel to operate, but also can greatly shorten the operation time and fracture healing time, reduce the patient's trauma, bleeding and other risks, and enable the patient to get out of bed earlier; the distal pressure screw (by rotating the screw 23 to generate relative displacement between the sliding frame 8 and the screw 23, because the sliding frame 8 is fixed to the bone with the second fixing pin 9, the effect of setting the movement of the screw 23 is produced at this time, and the first bracket 1 is pulled or pressed by the movement of the screw 23, and pressure is generated on the first fixing pin 6 fixed on the first bracket 1) can generate an elastic prying force upward and outward for the proximal fixing pin, and the two proximal fixing pins form a triangular stability with the femoral shaft. Combined with the protruding rectangular embedded groove of the clamp block, the position of the fixing pin and the external fixing rod is more stable, which can reduce the occurrence of hip deformity and improve the patient's survival rate and fracture healing rate; in addition, this fixation method can be operated under local anesthesia, reducing the risk of general anesthesia or epidural anesthesia, which is good news for elderly patients with femoral trochanteric fractures with multiple underlying diseases.

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A medical external fixator, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first bracket (1) and a second bracket (2), wherein one end of the first bracket (1) is fixedly connected to the second bracket (2), and the angle between the first bracket (1) and the second bracket (2) is 3 to 10 degrees. The first bracket (1) is provided with a long through hole (3), and the center line of the long through hole (3) is perpendicular to a plane formed by the intersection of the first bracket (1) and the second bracket (2). At least two columnar adjustment blocks (4) are provided in the long through hole (3), and the columnar adjustment blocks (4) are convex and penetrate the long through hole (3). The cylindrical adjustment block (4) can slide back and forth laterally along the long through hole (3) and can also rotate freely around its own central axis. A fastener (14) is provided at a thinner end of the cylindrical adjustment block (4). The fastener (14) is used to fix the cylindrical adjustment block (4) on the first bracket (1). A pinhole (5) is provided at the other end of the cylindrical adjustment block (4). The pinhole (5) passes through the cylindrical adjustment block (4), and the central axis of the pinhole (5) is perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical adjustment block (4). The pinhole (5) is used to insert a first fixing pin (6). The structure of the second bracket (2) is as follows: it comprises a fixed block (21), a guide shaft (22), a screw rod (23) and a support block (24); the guide shaft (22) and the screw rod (23) are arranged in parallel; the fixed block (21) is fixedly arranged on one end of the guide shaft (22); the other end of the guide shaft (22) is fixedly arranged with a support block (24); one end of the screw rod (23) is movably arranged on the fixed block (21); the other end of the screw rod (23) passes through the support block (24); and a screw nut (25) is arranged at the end extending out of the support block (24); the screw nut (25) is fixedly arranged together with the screw rod (23); and the screw rod (23) is driven to rotate by rotating the screw nut (25); A sliding frame (8) is movably arranged on the second bracket (2), that is, the sliding frame (8) is correspondingly mounted on the guide shaft (22) and the screw rod (23), and an internal thread is arranged in the hole mounted on the screw rod (23), so that the sliding frame (8) can reciprocate laterally along the guide shaft (22) when the screw rod (23) rotates, and two second fixing needles (9) are fixedly arranged on the sliding frame (8), and the two second fixing needles (9) are arranged parallel to each other; The columnar adjustment block (4) is provided with an anti-rotation clamp block (13), the anti-rotation clamp block (13) being a nut with gear teeth on one side, the anti-rotation clamp block (13) being arranged on the columnar adjustment block (4) on the side away from the fastener (14), meshing with the gear teeth arranged on the columnar adjustment block (4), and being used for self-locking of the columnar adjustment block (4); The sliding frame (8) is of a convex structure, and the thicker end of the sliding frame (8) is mounted on the second bracket (2), and the other end of the sliding frame (8) is sequentially mounted with a lower clamping plate (11) and an upper clamping plate (15), and two semicircular guide grooves (10) are arranged on opposite sides of the lower clamping plate (11) and the upper clamping plate (15), and the two corresponding semicircular guide grooves (10) on the lower clamping plate (11) and the upper clamping plate (15) cooperate to form a circular clamping hole, and the clamping hole is used to clamp the second fixing needle (9), and the upper clamping plate (15) fixes the second fixing needle (9) to the lower clamping plate (11) by means of a bolt (12).

2. A medical external fixator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fixing needle (6) is fixed by a fixing screw (7) arranged at the end of the cylindrical adjustment block (4).

3. A medical external fixator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angle between the first bracket (1) and the second bracket (2) is 6.5°.

4. The medical external fixator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding frame (8) is a columnar structure, and gear teeth are provided on the contact surface between the lower clamping plate (11) and the sliding frame (8), and the gear teeth are used for self-locking between the lower clamping plate (11) and the sliding frame (8).

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