Ultrasonic air film shielding micro electrolytic machining device
Through the ultrasonic gas film shielding micro electrolytic processing device, combined with ultrasonic vibration and gas film shielding technology, the problems of unstable processing and poor accuracy in micro electrolytic processing technology are solved, and efficient and high-precision micro-texture processing of metal surfaces are achieved, which improves the Processing accuracy and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN201910039523.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2019-01-16
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2039-01-16
AI Technical Summary
The existing fine electrolytic processing technology has problems of unstable processing and poor accuracy, making it difficult to achieve stable, efficient and high-precision processing of the microtexture of metal surfaces.
The ultrasonic air film shielding fine electrolytic processing device is adopted, and the ultrasonic vibration is combined with the gas film shielding technology to remove the material, improve processing localization and efficiency, and control the injection range of the electrolyte through the gas film shielding to achieve High-precision metal surface microtextured processing.
It improves processing accuracy and efficiency within the micron scale range, improves processing accuracy, reduces stray corrosion and surface roughness, and achieves efficient and high-precision microtexture processing of metal surfaces.
Smart Images
Figure CN109794659B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The patent of this invention relates to the technical field of micro-texturing micro-electrolytic machining of surfaces of difficult-to-machine materials such as high-temperature alloys, stainless steels, and nickel-based alloys, and in particular to an ultrasonic air film shielded micro-electrolytic machining device. Background Art
[0002] Microtexture is a microstructure with micro patterns on the surface. Studies have shown that the application of some microtextures in certain products can improve product performance. At present, microtextures still have disadvantages such as high cost and low efficiency in the field of contemporary processing technology. Therefore, the use and processing technology of microtexture on the inner surface of metals has gradually become a hot topic of concern in the domestic and foreign industrial and academic circles, and micro-electrolytic processing technology is focused on the processing of microtextures.
[0003] Micro-electrolytic machining is based on the principle of electrochemical dissolution of metals, and its basic principle is electrochemical anodic dissolution. In micro-electrolytic machining, the machining gap is tens to hundreds of microns, and the reaction process is anodic metal dissolution (M-ne - →M n+ ), hydrogen (2H + +2e - →H2↑). Electrochemical machining has the advantages of no loss of machining tools, the erosion speed is not affected by the hardness and strength of the machining material, and the machining deformation is small. Therefore, many scholars have carried out research on micro-electrochemical machining technology and have made certain progress. Micro-electrochemical machining technology has great development potential in the field of micro-texture machining. Therefore, how to use micro-electrochemical machining technology to achieve stable, efficient and high-precision machining of micro-textures has attracted more and more attention. Summary of the invention
[0004] In order to overcome the defects of unstable processing and poor precision in the existing micro-electrolytic machining technology, the present invention provides an ultrasonic air film shielding micro-electrolytic machining device, which can realize efficient and high-precision metal surface micro-texturing processing.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:
[0006] An ultrasonic air film shielded micro-electrolytic machining device comprises a nozzle, an ultrasonic vibration device, an electrode, a fixed disk, a fixing pin, a rubber gasket and a bolt and nut. The nozzle is connected to the fixed disk and then sleeved on the ultrasonic vibration device. A cavity reserved for the ultrasonic vibration head is provided at the center of the upper end of the nozzle. An electrolyte chamber and a gas chamber are also provided in the nozzle. The electrolyte chamber is provided with a liquid inlet connected to it. The gas chamber is also provided with an air inlet connected to it and is externally connected to an air compressor through an air supply pipe. The nozzle gas chamber is located below the electrolyte chamber. An external thread is provided at the upper end of the nozzle, and the connection and electrode centering are achieved with the fixed disk through the external thread. A certain gap is left between the end of the ultrasonic vibration device supporting the electrode and the nozzle. The rubber gasket is arranged at the connection between the ultrasonic vibration device and the fixed disk.
[0007] Furthermore, the upper end of the fixed plate is fastened to the ultrasonic vibration head by four hexagonal bolts and nuts evenly distributed in a circular array, and the lower end is processed with threads inside to achieve threaded connection with the nozzle. The center part is transparent to allow the ultrasonic vibration device to pass through it, and the fixed plate and the nozzle are symmetrically provided with pin holes at the connection position. After the connection, a fixing pin is inserted to prevent relative sliding during processing.
[0008] Furthermore, there are two symmetrical but non-transparent pin hole electrodes at the upper end of the nozzle. The electrodes are supported on the ultrasonic vibration device and extend from the small hole in the center of the nozzle. During processing, the electrolyte flows out from the small hole at the lower end of the nozzle through the electrolyte cavity, and the gas flows out from the annular outlet at the lower end of the nozzle through the gas cavity. Reinforcing ribs are arranged inside the electrolyte cavity and the gas cavity of the nozzle.
[0009] Furthermore, the vibration parameters and ultrasonic power supply of the ultrasonic vibration device are controlled and adjusted by its controller; the ultrasonic vibration device is connected to the machine tool through the part extending outside the middle flange, and the lower end is clamped and fixed with a supporting electrode by two metal blocks; when the workpiece is processed, it is located below the nozzle and connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the supporting electrode of the ultrasonic vibration device is connected to the negative pole of the power supply.
[0010] Preferably, the air inlet and liquid inlet are circular and have internal threads, and are arranged horizontally. The central small hole of the nozzle and the electrode are distributed vertically, and the annular outlet discharges gas at a certain angle.
[0011] The central small hole of the nozzle, the annular outlet and the threaded connection part between the nozzle and the fixed disk are all arranged coaxially with the electrode.
[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in:
[0013] 1. Combine ultrasonic machining with gas film shielding electrolytic machining, and use the principle of ultrasound + gas film shielding + micro electrolytic machining to process the metal surface, that is, while a layer of high-pressure gas is coated outside the electrode outlet, the electrode is acted on by an ultrasonic vibration device. This not only takes advantage of the gas film shielding effect to limit the spray range of the electrolyte, but also utilizes the cavitation effect of ultrasonic vibration on material removal, improves machining localization and machining efficiency, and improves the machining accuracy of micro electrolytic machining within the micron scale range.
[0014] 2. This device adopts a threaded connection alignment method. After the ultrasonic vibration device is tightly connected to the fixed plate, the nozzle is connected to the fixed plate through threads. During the connection process, the electrode is always aligned with the center of the nozzle, which solves the problem of the electrode passing through the center outlet of the nozzle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 This is the general assembly drawing of this device.
[0016] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of point I.
[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the nozzle and the fixed disk.
[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the fixed disk structure.
[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the nozzle.
[0020] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 II enlarged view.
[0021] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the appearance of an ultrasonic vibration device.
[0022] Figure 8 This is the appearance of the entire tool. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0024] Reference Figure 1-Figure 8, an ultrasonic air film shielding micro electrolytic machining device, comprising a nozzle 1, an ultrasonic vibration device 4, an electrode 8, a fixed disk 3, a fixed pin 2, a rubber gasket 6, and a bolt and nut 5. The nozzle 1 is connected to the fixed disk 3 and then sleeved on the ultrasonic vibration device 4. A cavity 18 reserved for the ultrasonic vibration head is provided at the center of the upper end of the nozzle. An electrolyte cavity 19 and a gas cavity 21 are also provided in the nozzle. A liquid inlet 23 connected to the electrolyte cavity is provided on the electrolyte cavity. The gas cavity is also provided with an air inlet 20 connected to the electrolyte cavity and is connected to an air compressor through an air supply pipe. The nozzle gas cavity 21 is located below the electrolyte cavity 19. An external thread is provided at the upper end 17 of the nozzle, and the external thread is used to connect and center the electrode with the fixed disk 3. A certain gap is left between the end of the ultrasonic vibration device supporting the electrode and the nozzle at the joint 7 to prevent the nozzle 1 from affecting the vibration of the ultrasonic vibration device 4. The rubber gasket 6 is arranged at the connection between the ultrasonic vibration device 4 and the fixed disk 3 to prevent the electrolyte in the internal cavity from leaking out.
[0025] The upper end of the fixing plate 3 is fastened to the ultrasonic vibration device 4 by four hexagonal bolts and nuts 5 evenly distributed in a circular array. The lower end is processed with a thread 15 inside to achieve a threaded connection with the nozzle 1. The central part 14 is transparent to allow the ultrasonic vibration device 4 to pass through it. The fixing plate 3 and the nozzle 1 are symmetrically provided with pin holes 10 at the connecting part 11. After the connection, the fixing pin 2 is inserted to prevent relative sliding during processing.
[0026] The upper end of the nozzle has two symmetrical but non-transparent pin hole electrodes 8, which are supported on the ultrasonic vibration device 4 and extend out from the small hole 25 in the center of the nozzle. During processing, the electrolyte flows out from the small hole 25 through the electrolyte cavity 19, and the gas flows out from the annular outlet 24 through the gas cavity 21. Reinforcing ribs 22 are arranged inside the nozzle electrolyte cavity 19 and the gas cavity 21 to ensure the strength of the tool.
[0027] The ultrasonic vibration device 4 is directly customized from the manufacturer, and is connected to the machine tool through the part 26 extending from the middle flange, and the lower end is clamped and fixed to the supporting electrode by two metal blocks 27; when the workpiece is processed, it is located below the nozzle 1 and connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the ultrasonic vibration device 4 is connected to the negative pole of the power supply.
[0028] Preferably, the air inlet 20 and the liquid inlet 23 are circular and have internal threads, and are arranged horizontally. The central small hole 25 of the nozzle and the electrode 8 are distributed vertically, and the annular outlet 24 discharges gas at a certain angle.
[0029] The nozzle center hole 25 , the annular outlet 24 , and the threaded connection portion between the nozzle 1 and the fixing plate 3 are all coaxially arranged with the electrode 8 .
[0030] The device is connected to the machine tool platform, and the gap between the electrode 8 and the workpiece and the processing position are adjusted by the feeding movement of the machine tool spindle. The movement of the tool electrode is controlled by controlling the radial and axial movement of the machine tool, so as to process the required hole or groove morphology.
[0031] The processing method adopted by the present invention is as follows: the electrode 8 is supported on the ultrasonic vibration device 4. At the same time, the electrode supported by the ultrasonic vibration device is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, and the workpiece is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply. The electrolyte flows through the electrolyte cavity 19 through the liquid inlet 23 and then flows out of the liquid with a certain pressure at the central hole 25 of the nozzle. At the same time, the high-pressure gas flows through the gas cavity 21 through the gas inlet 20 and sprays out the gas with a certain pressure at the annular outlet 24. The gas is wrapped around the liquid beam outside the electrode 8, and the lateral spray range of the electrolyte is controlled to reduce the effective area of the electrolyte sprayed on the workpiece. At the same time, under the action of the ultrasonic vibration device 4, the electrode 8 begins to vibrate. Under the action of ultrasonic vibration, the bubble rate in the processing area is reduced, and the material removal speed is increased. Ultrasonic vibration and air film shielding complement each other, so that the processing accuracy and processing speed are improved, and the stray corrosion is reduced, so that the surface roughness of the processed workpiece is reduced; at the same time, the machine tool spindle drives the entire tool electrode to move, and the material on the surface of the workpiece is removed on the basis of maintaining a certain processing gap, so that the processing of planar microstructures and three-dimensional microstructures can be realized.
Claims
1. An ultrasonic air film shielding micro electrolytic machining device, characterized in that: The processing device comprises a nozzle, an ultrasonic vibration device, an electrode, a fixed disk, a fixing pin, a rubber gasket and a bolt and nut. The nozzle is connected to the fixed disk and then sleeved on the ultrasonic vibration device. A cavity reserved for the ultrasonic vibration head is provided at the center of the upper end of the nozzle. An electrolyte cavity and a gas cavity are also provided in the nozzle. The electrolyte cavity is provided with a liquid inlet connected thereto. The gas cavity is also provided with an air inlet connected thereto and is externally connected to an air compressor through an air supply pipe. The nozzle gas cavity is located below the electrolyte cavity. An external thread is provided at the upper end of the nozzle, and the connection and electrode centering are achieved with the fixed disk through the external thread. A certain gap is left between the end of the ultrasonic vibration device supporting the electrode and the nozzle at the junction. The rubber gasket is arranged at the junction of the ultrasonic vibration device and the fixed disk. The upper end of the fixed plate is fastened to the ultrasonic vibration head by four hexagonal bolts and nuts evenly distributed in an annular array, and the lower end is processed with threads inside to achieve threaded connection with the nozzle. The central part is transparent so that the ultrasonic vibration device can pass through it. The fixed plate and the nozzle are symmetrically provided with pin holes at the connection part, and a fixing pin is inserted after the connection to prevent relative sliding during processing; The upper end of the nozzle has two symmetrical but non-transparent pin hole electrodes, which are supported on the ultrasonic vibration device and extend from the small hole in the center of the nozzle. During processing, the electrolyte flows out from the small hole at the lower end of the nozzle through the electrolyte cavity, and the gas flows out from the annular outlet at the lower end of the nozzle through the gas cavity. Reinforcement ribs are arranged inside the electrolyte cavity and the gas cavity of the nozzle; The vibration parameters and ultrasonic power supply of the ultrasonic vibration device are controlled and adjusted by a controller. The ultrasonic vibration device is connected to the machine tool through the part extending outside the middle flange, and the lower end is clamped and fixed with a supporting electrode by two metal blocks. When the workpiece is processed, it is located below the nozzle and connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the supporting electrode of the ultrasonic vibration device is connected to the negative pole of the power supply.
2. The ultrasonic air film shielding micro-electrolytic machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet and liquid inlet are circular and have internal threads, and are arranged horizontally. The central small hole of the nozzle and the electrode are distributed vertically, and the annular outlet discharges gas at a certain angle.
3. The ultrasonic air film shielding micro-electrolytic machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central small hole of the nozzle, the annular outlet and the threaded connection part between the nozzle and the fixed disk are all arranged coaxially with the electrode.