A measurement system for measuring rail displacement

Abstract

The present invention discloses a measuring system for measuring rail displacement, comprising an observation pile, a marker, a railside support, a displacement measuring instrument and a monitoring center, wherein the observation pile is provided with a position marker and a reference marker; the displacement measuring instrument comprises a housing, a camera, a liquid crystal display, a controller, a position positioning module, an outdoor temperature sensor and a communication module, wherein the position positioning module and the outdoor temperature sensor are both electrically connected to the input end of the controller, the liquid crystal display and the camera are bidirectionally connected to the controller, and the controller is wirelessly connected to the monitoring center via the communication module. Compared with the prior art, one-key measurement can be achieved, the measurement efficiency is fast, the operation is simple, and the measurement of the entire line only requires a portable displacement measuring instrument, which is highly practical, has a low measurement cost, will not be exposed to wind and sun, has a long service life, and is maintenance-free.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a measuring system, in particular to a measuring system for measuring the longitudinal displacement of a rail. Background Art

[0002] In the process of high-speed railway track construction, in order to reduce vibration and cancel the rail joints, seamless track lines are widely used. However, due to the disappearance of the rail joints, the rails cannot expand and contract freely when the temperature changes, thus generating a large temperature stress inside the rails. When the fastener pressure is not enough to offset the temperature stress, the rails will move. When the temperature continues to rise, it will cause expansion of the rail runway. When the temperature is low, it is easy to break the rails, which seriously affects the driving safety. Therefore, observing the displacement of the rails is an indispensable task for railway safety production. The traditional observation method is to pre-set displacement observation points during the construction process, and then use a triangle ruler or a wire pulling method to measure the displacement changes before and after stretching. The data of multiple observation points are manually counted and summarized to determine the longitudinal displacement of the rails. However, this method has low measurement accuracy, cumbersome work, low efficiency and high human error. With the advancement of science and technology, the railway department at that time promoted the collimator to measure the displacement of the rails, but each observation must be completed by 3 people, which takes 20 minutes, and there are still problems of low efficiency and cumbersome work.

[0003] Therefore, on April 2, 2019, North China University of Technology, with publication number CN109556521A, disclosed a railway rail displacement detection device and detection method based on drones, including drones, cameras, observation piles, servers and markers. The observation piles are installed on one side of the railway rails, the drones hover on the same side of the observation piles, the cameras are installed below the drones, the drones include a processor for analyzing images, the processors and cameras are electrically connected, and connected to the server through a wireless transmission module, and the markers are installed in three places on two railway rails and the observation piles. This intelligent measurement method solves the problems of large measurement errors and low measurement accuracy of the human eye. However, a drone is set up for each observation pile, which undoubtedly increases the detection cost, and the drones are always placed outdoors and cannot withstand long-term wind and sun, which greatly shortens the service life and has weak practicality.

[0004] In view of this, the inventor conducted in-depth research on the above-mentioned issues, which resulted in the present case. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a measurement system for measuring rail displacement, so as to solve the problems of high detection cost, short service life and poor practicality in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the solution of the present invention is: a measurement system for measuring the displacement of a rail, including an observation pile and a marker, wherein the observation pile is erected outside one side of a railway rail and is arranged opposite to the waist of the railway rail, and also includes a rail side support, a displacement measuring instrument and a monitoring center, wherein the rail side support has a vertical portion and a horizontal portion arranged perpendicular to each other, and the vertical portion and the horizontal portion form an L shape, and the vertical portion is fixedly arranged on the waist of the railway rail and is arranged opposite to the observation pile, with the opposite surface of the vertical portion and the observation pile being the detection surface, and the marker having a position marker that can be identified to obtain the installation position information of the observation pile and a reference marker for comparing the displacement offset reference; the reference marker is arranged on the detection surface of the observation pile, and the position marker is arranged on the observation pile or the rail side support;

[0007] The displacement measuring instrument is detachably mounted on the rail side support, and the bottom surface and one side surface of the displacement measuring instrument are correspondingly fitted with the horizontal portion and the vertical portion. A rail temperature sensor is mounted on the rail side support, the detection end of which is fitted with the waist of the railway rail and is used to detect the temperature of the rail. A first electrical contact is electrically connected to the output end of the rail temperature sensor, and the first electrical contact is exposed at the contact portion where the rail side support and the displacement measuring instrument are in contact. The displacement measuring instrument comprises a housing and a camera, a liquid crystal display, a controller, a position positioning module, an outdoor temperature sensor and a communication module installed in the housing. The shooting end of the camera faces the detection surface of the observation pile, and the housing is provided with working windows for respectively exposing the shooting ends of the camera to face the reference markers.

[0008] The output end of the position positioning module and the output end of the outdoor temperature sensor are both electrically connected to the input end of the controller, the LCD screen and the camera are bidirectionally connected to the controller, the output end of the controller is electrically connected to the communication module, and the communication module is wirelessly connected to the monitoring center for data transmission between the controller and the monitoring center; the input end of the controller is electrically connected to a second electrical contact that can be in relative position contact with the first electrical contact, and the shell is provided with an exposed window for exposing the second electrical contact.

[0009] The above-mentioned reference marker is a cross-shaped marker, and the above-mentioned position marker is a position two-dimensional code containing the current observation pile code and position information. The above-mentioned position marker and the above-mentioned reference marker are located on the above-mentioned track side support.

[0010] The above-mentioned marker also has a positioning marker, which is fixed on the above-mentioned vertical portion, and the above-mentioned positioning marker is a cross-shaped scale marker, and the cross midpoint origin of the above-mentioned cross-shaped scale marker coincides with the center point of the above-mentioned cross-shaped marker.

[0011] A beam emitter is also installed in the shell. The beam emitter is a cross laser whose light is in a cross shape. The emission end of the cross laser coincides with the center point of the cross-shaped scale mark. The control end of the controller is electrically connected to the input end of the cross laser for controlling the operation of the cross laser. An emission window for the light of the cross laser to be emitted is provided on one side of the shell facing the vertical portion.

[0012] A magnet is fixedly installed on a side facing the vertical part in the above-mentioned shell, with the side of the horizontal part facing the observation pile as the front, a limiting support plate that can fit with the left side of the shell is fixedly provided on the left side of the top surface of the horizontal part, and a supporting plate that is aligned with the limiting support plate on the left and right sides of the top surface of the above-mentioned horizontal part is provided on the right side of the top surface of the above-mentioned horizontal part. The supporting plate is installed on the above-mentioned horizontal part in a left-right translation manner, and the minimum spacing between the supporting plate and the limiting support plate is equal to the width of the shell in the left-right direction.

[0013] The first electrical contact is arranged on the bottom surface of the horizontal part, and the second electrical contact is provided with a positioning bump passing through the outside of the horizontal part from bottom to top. The first electrical contact is correspondingly arranged on the bottom surface of the shell, and the first electrical contact is provided with a positioning groove for the positioning bump to be embedded in.

[0014] The shell is a rectangular shell extending in the front-to-back direction, and a display window for exposing the liquid crystal display screen is provided on the front side of the shell. The cross laser and the camera are arranged side by side, and the working window is located below the display window.

[0015] The above-mentioned position two-dimensional code and the above-mentioned cross-shaped mark are arranged vertically, and the above-mentioned observation pile is located at all parts of the position two-dimensional code and the cross-shaped mark to form a shooting area, and the shooting range of the above-mentioned camera coincides with this reported shooting area.

[0016] The above-mentioned location positioning module is a Beidou / GPS locator.

[0017] A measuring system for measuring rail displacement, wherein the measuring method is implemented by the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Installation before measurement: the rail side supports are installed at intervals on the rail waist of the rail along the railway line, and the observation piles are installed at intervals on the outer side of the rail along the railway line. Each rail side support is aligned with each observation pile, and a collimator is used to make the center point of the cross-shaped scale mark on each rail side support coincide with the center point of the cross-shaped mark on the observation pile corresponding to the rail side support;

[0019] Step 2: Placement of the displacement measuring instrument. The displacement measuring instrument is carried by the rail inspector. When the rail inspector reaches a rail side support, he / she places the displacement measuring instrument on the rail side support, and makes the rear side of the displacement measuring instrument fit with the vertical part. The displacement measuring instrument is clamped between the limit top support plate and the support plate, and the first electrical contact is in contact with the second electrical contact.

[0020] Step 3: Detection, turn on the displacement measuring instrument, the rail temperature sensor is electrically connected to the controller, the cross laser emits a cross-shaped light and shines it on the detection surface of the observation pile, the camera takes a picture of the observation column in the shooting area, and the temperature data detected by the rail temperature sensor and the outdoor temperature sensor and the position information detected by the position positioning module are sent to the controller;

[0021] Step 4: Data processing: The image captured by the camera is transmitted to the controller, which performs calculations on the received image. The center point of the cross-shaped mark of the observation pile is used as the coordinate origin (0, 0), and the center point of the cross-shaped light of the cross laser in the image is used as the coordinate point (X, Y). According to the basic formula of coordinates, the distance from the center point of the cross-shaped light of the laser light to the center point of the cross-shaped mark of the observation pile is calculated, that is, the displacement, and the information of the identity QR code and the positioning QR code in the image is decoded to obtain the decoded information;

[0022] Step 5: Data transmission and display. The displacement and decoding information calculated in step 3 and the temperature data and confidence information in step 2 are displayed on the LCD screen. At the same time, the controller packages the displacement, decoding information, position data and temperature data together and sends them to the monitoring center through the communication module for storage and viewing.

[0023] After adopting the above technical scheme, a measuring system for measuring the displacement of rails of the present invention can measure the displacement of rails of the entire line by only placing a displacement measuring instrument carried by rail inspection workers on different railside supports, thereby measuring the displacement of rails at different positions, realizing one-key measurement, high measurement efficiency, and a single person can complete the measurement within 2 minutes at a time. The operation is simple, and only one displacement measuring instrument is needed for the entire line. The system has strong practicality, low measurement cost, will not be exposed to wind and sun, and has a long service life. At the same time, there are no electrical components on the rails and observation piles of the entire line, so the system can be installed once and is easy to implement, thereby achieving maintenance-free of the entire line and further extending the service life of the entire measuring system. The system has good application value for ensuring safe operation of railways, and provides comprehensive and scientific data for the research and development, design and construction of seamless rails. The system is of great significance and can be easily promoted and applied widely. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a block diagram of the working principle of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a display schematic diagram of a liquid display screen;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the back side of the displacement measuring instrument;

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the first marker on the measuring pile;

[0029] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the second marker in the vertical portion;

[0030] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of displacement calculation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] A measuring system for measuring rail displacement of the present invention, such as Figure 1-6 As shown, it includes an observation pile 1 and a marker. The observation pile 1 is erected on one side of the railway rail 100. There are several observation piles 1, and each observation pile 1 is arranged at intervals along the length direction of the railway rail 100. The structure and installation method of this observation pile 1 are well-known technologies.

[0032] The measuring system of the present invention also includes a rail side support 2, a displacement measuring instrument and a monitoring center. The rail side support 2 has a vertical portion 21 and a horizontal portion 22 which are arranged perpendicular to each other. The vertical portion 21 and the horizontal portion 22 form an L shape. The vertical portion 21 is attached to the waist of the railway rail 100 and is fixed with an adhesive, and is arranged directly opposite to the observation pile 1. The opposite surface of the vertical portion 21 and the observation pile 1 is used as the detection surface. The marker has a reference marker 31 for comparing the displacement offset reference, a position marker 32 and an alignment marker 33 which can be identified to obtain the installation position information of the observation pile 1. Preferably, the reference marker 31 and the position marker 32 are all printed on the detection surface of the observation pile 1, the reference marker 31 is a cross-shaped marker, and the position marker 32 is a position two-dimensional code containing the current observation pile code and position information, that is, this position two-dimensional code can display the current observation pile code (that is, the test point, longitude, latitude and measurement line information, that is, the identity ID of the observation pile, such as 010101 represents the position of XX line XX kilometers XX meters), this two-dimensional code generation is well known, the alignment marker 33 is printed on the detection surface of the vertical part, and the alignment marker 33 is a cross-shaped scale marker, and the midpoint origin of the cross of the cross-shaped scale marker coincides with the center point of the cross-shaped marker.

[0033] The rail side support 2 is equipped with a rail temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the rail. The detection end of the rail temperature sensor is in contact with the waist of the rail, and the output end of the rail temperature sensor is electrically connected to a first electrical contact (not shown in the figure). Preferably, the rail temperature sensor is installed on the horizontal part, and the detection end of the rail temperature sensor passes through the vertical part and is in contact with the waist of the rail. A metal sheet exposed on the horizontal part is installed on the wiring terminal of the rail temperature sensor, and this metal sheet is the first electrical contact.

[0034] The displacement measuring instrument is detachably mounted on a railside support, and comprises a shell 4 and a light beam transmitter, a camera, a liquid crystal display, a controller, a position positioning module, an outdoor temperature sensor and a communication module installed in the shell. Preferably, the shell 4 is in a rectangular structure, and the length direction of the shell 4 is perpendicular to the length direction of the railway rail 100. With the side of the horizontal portion 22 facing the observation pile 1 as the front, the shell 4 is in a strip structure extending in the front-to-back direction, and the shell 4 is positioned and mounted on the horizontal portion 22. Specifically, a magnet is fixedly mounted on the side of the shell 4 facing the vertical portion 21, and a limit top support plate (not shown in the figure) that can fit with the left side of the shell is fixedly provided on the left side of the top surface of the horizontal portion 22. The limit top support plate is integrally processed with the horizontal portion, and a support plate (not shown in the figure) that is aligned with the limit top support plate on the left side of the top surface of the horizontal portion is provided on the right side of the top surface of the horizontal portion. The support plate is installed on the horizontal part in a left-right translational manner, and the minimum spacing between the support plate and the limit top support plate is equal to the width of the shell 4 in the left-right direction. The left-right translational manner of the support plate is a well-known technology. For example, a strip-shaped tenon extending along the left-right direction of the horizontal part is recessed on the bottom surface of the horizontal part, and the right end of the strip tenon groove extends to the outside of the right side of the horizontal part. The top surface of the support plate is convexly provided with a tenon that slides into the strip tenon groove, and a tensioning spring is tensioned between the tenon and the left inner groove wall of the strip tenon groove. In this way, during installation, the support plate moves to the right, and then the shell is placed on the horizontal part, and the left side wall of the shell is in contact with the limit top support plate, and the rear side surface is close to the vertical part. Then the support plate is released, and the restoring force of the tensioning spring is used to clamp the shell between the support plate and the limit top support plate, so as to realize the positioning and installation of the shell, ensure the stable installation of the level measuring instrument, and make the measurement of the level measuring instrument more accurate.

[0035] The light beam emitter is a cross laser whose light beam is in a cross shape, and the center origin of the cross light beam of the cross laser coincides with the center point of the cross scale mark, the camera and the cross laser are arranged side by side in a horizontal manner, and a working window for exposing the emitting end of the cross laser and the shooting end of the camera respectively is opened at the lower front part of the shell 4, the reference marker 31 and the position marker 32 are arranged in upper and lower positions, and all parts of the observation pile 1 located between the reference marker 31 and the position marker 32 constitute a shooting area, that is, preferably, the distance between the part of the observation pile 1 located 5 cm above the reference marker 31 and the part 5 cm below the position marker 32 is the height of the shooting area, the width of the observation pile 1 in the left and right directions is the width of the shooting area, the shooting range of the camera coincides with this shooting area, the LCD screen is installed on the front side of the shell 4, and a display window for exposing the LCD screen is opened at the upper part of the front side of the shell 4, and the display window is located above the working window.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the controller is electrically connected to the control end of the cross laser to control the operation of the cross laser; the output end of the position positioning module and the output end of the outdoor temperature sensor are electrically connected to the input end of the controller, the LCD screen and the camera are bidirectionally connected to the controller, the output end of the controller is electrically connected to the communication module, the communication module is wirelessly connected to the monitoring center for data transmission between the controller and the monitoring center, the position positioning module is preferably a Beidou / GPS locator, and the communication module is a wireless communication module; the input end of the controller is electrically connected to a second electrical contact in contact with the first electrical contact, and a bare window is provided on the back of the housing 4 for exposing the second electrical contact. The control principle of the controller adopts a known technology, which is a relatively common control technology in the current control field. It only needs to be appropriately modified in the original control program, which is not the protection technology of the present invention.

[0037] The liquid crystal display screen has a display area for displaying rail temperature, positioning information, displacement, outdoor temperature, test points, and equipment information. The front side surface of the shell is located below the liquid crystal display screen and is equipped with a focus control key for controlling the focus of the camera, which is electrically connected to the input end of the controller, an installation control key for adjusting the camera installation and positioning, and a distance measurement control key for controlling the system to measure distance. The working principles of this liquid crystal display screen and each control key are well known.

[0038] A measuring system for measuring rail displacement of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. Rail inspectors only need to carry a displacement meter with them during patrol inspections. When they arrive at a railside support, they place the displacement meter on the railside support. Then, they turn on the displacement meter to measure the displacement of the rail at that location. This allows one-button measurement, high measurement efficiency, and a single person can complete the measurement within 2 minutes at a time. It is easy to operate.

[0040] Second, each rail support of the entire line shares a displacement measuring instrument. There is no need to set up multiple displacement measuring instruments. One worker can complete the displacement measurement of the entire line with one displacement measuring instrument, which is highly practical and has low measurement cost.

[0041] 3. The displacement measuring instrument is placed at the workers' place and is only taken out when needed. It will not be exposed to wind and sun, has a long service life, and there are no electrical components that are always powered on in the entire line, so it is maintenance-free and can be installed once;

[0042] Fourth, the location positioning module using the position marker and the displacement measuring instrument can detect whether the worker has reached the corresponding position, which plays a supervisory role in the worker's work and avoids the problem of workers being lazy and missing inspections;

[0043] 5. Through the monitoring center, the railway supervision center can know the status of the rails at any time, with a high safety factor and easy to monitor the information of each rail;

[0044] 6. The magnet, the positioning plate and the limit top supporting plate are used to ensure reliable positioning and installation of the displacement measuring instrument, thus ensuring the stability of the measurement. The translation of the positioning plate can facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the displacement measuring instrument.

[0045] 7. The entire system has good application value in ensuring the safe operation of railways, and provides comprehensive and scientific data for the research and development, design and construction of seamless rails. It is of great significance and can be easily promoted and applied widely.

[0046] In the present invention, Figure 4 As shown, the second electrical contact is provided with a positioning protrusion extending out of the exposed window, and the first electrical contact is provided with a positioning groove for the positioning protrusion to be embedded in; the cooperation between the positioning protrusion and the positioning groove makes the contact between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact better, and also plays a certain role in positioning and guiding installation.

[0047] In the present invention, in order to facilitate the initial positioning and installation of the displacement detector, a triangular zero displacement mark is provided on the axis of the alignment marker 33, and a triangular mark is provided on the outer side of the shell 4 corresponding to the triangular zero displacement mark. In this way, the vertices of the two triangular marks can be overlapped during alignment, which facilitates zero-position alignment.

[0048] In the present invention, the reference marker 31 may also be in the form of three points. In this way, there is no need to set a beam laser in the shell. The displacement can be obtained by comparing the image of the current reference marker taken by the camera with the image of the reference marker initially stored in the controller.

[0049] The measuring method of the measuring system for measuring rail displacement of the present invention is implemented by the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Installation before measurement: a number of railside supports 2 are installed at intervals on the rail waist of the railway rail 100 along the entire line, and observation piles 1 are installed at intervals on one side of the railway rail 100 along the direction of the entire line. Each railside support is aligned with each observation pile, and a collimator is used to make the center point of the cross-shaped scale mark on each railside support coincide with the center point of the cross-shaped mark on the observation pile. This step is performed together when the railway rail 100 is laid;

[0051] Step 2: Placement of the displacement measuring instrument. Railway workers carry the displacement measuring instrument with them when inspecting along the entire line. At each stop, the positioning plate is moved to the right, the displacement measuring instrument is placed on the horizontal part, and the back of the displacement measuring instrument is in contact with the vertical part. The left side of the displacement measuring instrument is in contact with the limit top supporting plate, the positioning plate is moved to the left, and the displacement measuring instrument is clamped between the positioning plate and the limit top supporting plate to achieve the positioning installation of the displacement measuring instrument. At the same time, the first electrical contact is in contact with the second electrical contact;

[0052] Step 3: Detection, turn on the displacement measuring instrument, the rail temperature sensor is electrically connected to the controller, the cross laser emits a cross-shaped light and shines it on the detection surface of the observation pile, the camera takes a picture of the observation column in the shooting area, and the temperature data detected by the rail temperature sensor and the outdoor temperature sensor and the position information detected by the position positioning module are sent to the controller;

[0053] Step 4: Data processing: The pictures taken by the camera are sent to the controller, which processes the received pictures. Figure 7 As shown, the center point of the cross-shaped mark of the observation pile is used as the coordinate origin (0, 0) during calculation, and the center point of the cross-shaped light of the cross laser in the picture is the coordinate point (X, Y). According to the basic formula of coordinates, the distance from the center point of the cross-shaped light of the laser light to the center point of the cross-shaped mark of the observation pile is calculated, that is, the displacement. This calculation method is a well-known technology, and the information of the identity QR code and the positioning QR code in the picture is decoded to obtain the decoded information;

[0054] Step 5: Data transmission and display. The displacement and decoding information calculated in step 3 and the temperature data and confidence information in step 2 are displayed on the LCD screen. At the same time, the controller packages the displacement, decoding information, position data and temperature data together and sends them to the monitoring center through the communication module for storage and viewing.

[0055] The measuring method of the present invention can obtain the displacement by utilizing the offset between the laser light on the photographed picture and the center origin of the cross-shaped mark of the observation pile, which is more than 25 times higher than the existing rail displacement measurement method, with a measurement resolution of 0.1 mm and an accuracy of ±1 mm. The measured structure can be conveniently displayed to workers immediately and clearly on a liquid crystal display screen, and the monitoring center can also monitor in real time. The position data of the observation pile and the position data of the locator of the displacement measuring instrument can be used to obtain whether the workers monitor each observation pile, thereby supervising the workers' work and ensuring that each monitoring position of the rail is monitored.

[0056] The above embodiments and drawings do not limit the product form and style of the present invention. Any appropriate changes or modifications made thereto by ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field should be deemed to be within the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A measuring system for measuring rail displacement, comprising an observation pile and a marker, wherein the observation pile is erected outside one side of a railway rail and arranged opposite to the waist of the railway rail, and characterized in that: It also includes a rail side support, a displacement measuring instrument and a monitoring center. The rail side support has a vertical part and a horizontal part that are perpendicular to each other, and the vertical part and the horizontal part form an L shape. The vertical part is fixedly arranged on the waist of the railway rail and is arranged directly opposite to the observation pile, with the opposite surface of the vertical part and the observation pile being the detection surface. The marker has a position marker that can be identified to obtain the installation position information of the observation pile and a reference marker for comparing the displacement offset reference; the reference marker is arranged on the detection surface of the observation pile, and the position marker is arranged on the observation pile or the rail side support; The displacement measuring instrument is detachably mounted on the rail side support, and the bottom surface and one side surface of the displacement measuring instrument are correspondingly fitted with the horizontal portion and the vertical portion. A rail temperature sensor is mounted on the rail side support, the detection end of which is fitted with the waist of the railway rail and is used to detect the temperature of the rail. A first electrical contact is electrically connected to the output end of the rail temperature sensor, and the first electrical contact is exposed at the contact portion where the rail side support and the displacement measuring instrument are in contact. The displacement measuring instrument comprises a housing and a camera, a liquid crystal display, a controller, a position positioning module, an outdoor temperature sensor and a communication module installed in the housing. The shooting end of the camera faces the detection surface of the observation pile, and the housing is provided with working windows for respectively exposing the shooting ends of the camera to face the reference markers. The output end of the position positioning module and the output end of the outdoor temperature sensor are both electrically connected to the input end of the controller, the liquid crystal display screen and the camera are bidirectionally connected to the controller, the output end of the controller is electrically connected to the communication module, and the communication module is wirelessly connected to the monitoring center for data transmission between the controller and the monitoring center; the input end of the controller is electrically connected to a second electrical contact that can be in relative position contact with the first electrical contact, and the shell is provided with an exposed window for exposing the second electrical contact; the reference marker is a cross-shaped marker, the position marker is a position two-dimensional code containing the current observation pile code and position information, and the position marker and the reference marker are co-located on the trackside support; The above-mentioned marker also has a positioning marker, which is fixed on the above-mentioned vertical portion. The above-mentioned positioning marker is a cross-shaped scale marker, and the cross midpoint origin of the above-mentioned cross-shaped scale marker coincides with the center point of the above-mentioned cross-shaped marker; A beam emitter is also installed in the shell. The beam emitter is a cross laser whose light is in a cross shape. The emission end of the cross laser coincides with the center point of the cross scale mark. The control end of the controller is electrically connected to the input end of the cross laser for controlling the operation of the cross laser. An emission window for the light of the cross laser to be emitted is provided on one side of the shell facing the vertical portion. The above-mentioned position two-dimensional code and the above-mentioned cross-shaped mark are arranged vertically, and the above-mentioned observation pile is located at all parts of the position two-dimensional code and the cross-shaped mark to form a shooting area, and the shooting range of the above-mentioned camera coincides with this reported shooting area.

2. A rail displacement measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A magnet is fixedly installed on a side facing the vertical part in the above-mentioned shell, with the side of the horizontal part facing the observation pile as the front, a limiting support plate that can fit with the left side of the shell is fixedly provided on the left side of the top surface of the horizontal part, and a supporting plate that is aligned with the limiting support plate on the left and right sides of the top surface of the above-mentioned horizontal part is provided on the right side of the top surface of the above-mentioned horizontal part. The supporting plate is installed on the above-mentioned horizontal part in a left-right translation manner, and the minimum spacing between the supporting plate and the limiting support plate is equal to the width of the shell in the left-right direction.

3. A rail displacement measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electrical contact is arranged on the bottom surface of the horizontal part, and the second electrical contact is provided with a positioning bump passing through the outside of the horizontal part from bottom to top. The first electrical contact is correspondingly arranged on the bottom surface of the shell, and the first electrical contact is provided with a positioning groove for the positioning bump to be embedded in.

4. A rail displacement measurement system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shell is a rectangular shell extending in the front-to-back direction, and a display window for exposing the liquid crystal display screen is provided on the front side of the shell. The cross laser and the camera are arranged side by side, and the working window is located below the display window.

5. The rail displacement measuring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The above-mentioned location positioning module is a Beidou / GPS locator.

6. A rail displacement measurement system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The measurement method is implemented through the following steps: Step 1: Installation before measurement: the rail side supports are installed at intervals on the rail waist of the rail along the railway line, and the observation piles are installed at intervals on the outer side of the rail along the railway line. Each rail side support is aligned with each observation pile, and a collimator is used to make the center point of the cross-shaped scale mark on each rail side support coincide with the center point of the cross-shaped mark on the observation pile corresponding to the rail side support; Step 2: Placement of the displacement measuring instrument. The displacement measuring instrument is carried by the rail inspector. When the rail inspector reaches a rail side support, he / she places the displacement measuring instrument on the rail side support, and makes the rear side of the displacement measuring instrument fit with the vertical part. The displacement measuring instrument is clamped between the limit top support plate and the support plate, and the first electrical contact is in contact with the second electrical contact. Step 3: Detection, turn on the displacement measuring instrument, the rail temperature sensor is electrically connected to the controller, the cross laser emits a cross-shaped light and shines it on the detection surface of the observation pile, the camera takes a picture of the observation column in the shooting area, and the temperature data detected by the rail temperature sensor and the outdoor temperature sensor and the position information detected by the position positioning module are sent to the controller; Step 4: Data processing: The image captured by the camera is transmitted to the controller, which performs calculations on the received image. The center point of the cross-shaped mark of the observation pile is used as the coordinate origin (0, 0), and the center point of the cross-shaped light of the cross laser in the image is used as the coordinate point (X, Y). According to the basic formula of coordinates, the distance from the center point of the cross-shaped light of the laser light to the center point of the cross-shaped mark of the observation pile is calculated, that is, the displacement, and the information of the identity QR code and the positioning QR code in the image is decoded to obtain the decoded information; Step 5: Data transmission and display. The displacement and decoding information calculated in step 3 and the temperature data and confidence information in step 2 are displayed on the LCD screen. At the same time, the controller packages the displacement, decoding information, position data and temperature data together and sends them to the monitoring center through the communication module for storage and viewing.

Images