A double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace

Abstract

The present invention provides a double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace, comprising: a furnace body, a feeding device, a distribution vehicle, a distribution grate, a slag removal grate and a slag discharge port; wherein the feeding device arranged on the top of the furnace body is a hydraulic feeding device, and a distribution vehicle is arranged at the discharge port of the hydraulic feeding device, the distribution vehicle moves horizontally in the furnace body to spread the garbage on the distribution grate, the distribution grate rotates to make the pyrolyzed garbage evenly fall onto the slag removal grate for carbonization treatment, the slag removal grate rotates to break the ash and slag and transfer the broken slag to the slag discharge port for discharge. The double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace of the present invention adopts a double grate design to separate the garbage drying layer and the pyrolysis layer from the carbonization layer and the burning layer, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of coking and burning through that is easy to occur in the stacking pyrolysis furnace; at the same time, when the burning deviation occurs, the lower grate can creep locally, and through the adjustment of the air supply system, the oxidation process of the entire furnace bed is consistent, with high efficiency and strong stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage incineration, and in particular relates to a double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace. Background Art

[0002] People are constantly generating garbage in their daily work and life. There are many types of garbage, including domestic garbage, plastic products, rubber products, dead branches and leaves, floating objects in rivers and streams, etc. At present, the treatment of domestic garbage is mainly centralized storage and then centralized landfill. This treatment method has many disadvantages. Another common treatment method is to incinerate the garbage, but the traditional incineration method will produce a lot of smoke and dust, which has a bad impact on the environment; the use of traditional garbage incinerators will also produce smoke, and the traditional garbage incinerator has the problem of incomplete combustion, and the incineration effect is not ideal; another problem is that the incineration of garbage requires long-term continuous burning. Increased energy consumption. At present, there is no design that combines the efficiency and environmental protection of the incinerator.

[0003] Through the above understanding of the relevant background technology, it can be known that the art is in urgent need of developing an effective incineration system for domestic waste, and the waste incineration system should have the advantages of cleanliness, high efficiency, reliability and long service life. Incinerators are a kind of harmless treatment equipment commonly used in medical and domestic waste and animal harmless treatment. Its principle is to use the combustion of fuels such as coal, oil, and gas to burn and carbonize the objects to be treated at high temperature to achieve the purpose of disinfection and elimination. With the rapid development of production and the rapid rise of the economy, my country has entered the ranks of countries with high production of urban domestic waste. According to statistics, the garbage output of my country's cities has increased at a rate of 10% per year, and it is estimated that the annual garbage output will reach about 200 million tons by 2010. Due to the poor quality of garbage and different moisture levels, it is difficult for the incinerator to completely burn some relatively stubborn garbage, and the air dust pollution generated after combustion cannot be well solved, causing secondary pollution of the environment. After decades of development, garbage pyrolysis and gasification technology is considered to be one of the most promising garbage treatment methods in the future. While achieving harmless, reduced and resourceful treatment of garbage, this technology has significant advantages in controlling the emission of pollutants such as dioxins, and has become a hot spot for research and development in various countries. In the existing pyrolysis furnace, the drying layer and pyrolysis layer are together with the carbonization layer and the ember layer. This stacked pyrolysis furnace is prone to coking, burning through and burning unevenly, and the pyrolysis furnace cannot operate normally and continuously. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace in view of the shortcomings of the prior art. The double-grate design is adopted, and the upper grate separates the garbage drying layer and pyrolysis layer from the carbonization layer and combustion layer of the lower layer, thereby avoiding the coking, burn-through and biased burning that are easy to occur in the stacking pyrolysis furnace.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace, comprising: a furnace body, a feeding device, a distribution vehicle, a distribution grate, a slag removal grate and a slag discharge port; wherein the feeding device arranged on the top of the furnace body is a hydraulic feeding device, and a distribution vehicle is arranged at the discharge port of the hydraulic feeding device, the distribution vehicle moves horizontally within the furnace body to spread the garbage on the distribution grate, the distribution grate rotates, so that the pyrolyzed garbage falls evenly onto the slag removal grate for carbonization treatment, the slag removal grate rotates to break the ash and slag and transfer the broken slag to the slag discharge port for discharge; the distribution grate comprises: a plurality of distribution rollers, a plurality of brackets and a driving device, the driving device drives the distribution rollers to rotate, the brackets are arranged at the bottom of the distribution rollers, and each bracket is located between two adjacent distribution rollers. The ash removing grate comprises: a plurality of slag breaking rollers, a plurality of slag breaking plates, a plurality of ash supporting plates, a plurality of ash removing plates, a slag breaking roller driving device and an ash removing plate driving device, each slag breaking plate is arranged between two adjacent slag breaking rollers, the ash supporting plate is arranged at the bottom of the slag breaking roller, and each ash supporting plate is located at the gap between two adjacent slag breaking plates; each ash removing plate is arranged on each ash supporting plate, and is fitted with the ash supporting plate; the slag breaking roller driving device drives the slag breaking roller to rotate; the ash removing plate driving device drives the ash removing plate to reciprocate on the ash supporting plate; wherein, a plurality of groups of first slag breaking edges are arranged on the surface of each slag breaking roller, and each group of first slag breaking edges is provided with a plurality of first slag breaking edges along the radial direction of the slag breaking roller, and the circumferential angle difference of the slag breaking edges between each two adjacent groups of first slag breaking edges is 45°.

[0007] Furthermore, the interior of the furnace body is lined with corrosion-resistant, high-temperature-resistant, high-strength refractory materials to ensure that the surface temperature of the furnace body does not exceed 50°C.

[0008] Furthermore, a smoke exhaust port is provided at the top of the furnace body, and an air supply port is provided at the bottom.

[0009] Furthermore, a blower is arranged at the air supply port, and the blower blows air and part of the heat from the bottom of the furnace body, and passes through the ash layer, the ember layer and the carbonized layer in sequence; the air volume of the blower is controlled by automatically adjusting the motor speed through frequency conversion according to the operating conditions.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of groups of roller teeth are arranged on the surface of each cloth roller, each group of roller teeth is arranged with a plurality of roller teeth in the radial direction of the cloth roller, and the roller teeth angle difference between each two adjacent groups of roller teeth is 45°.

[0011] Furthermore, the number of roller teeth in each group of roller teeth is 4.

[0012] Furthermore, the angle difference between a group of roller teeth provided on each material distribution roller and a group of roller teeth provided on an adjacent material distribution roller is 45°.

[0013] Furthermore, each slag-breaking plate is triangular in shape, and a plurality of second slag-breaking edges are respectively arranged on two side surfaces of the triangular slag-breaking plate, and each second slag-breaking edge is staggered with each group of first slag-breaking edges.

[0014] Furthermore, the number of first slag-breaking edges in each group of first slag-breaking edges is 2.

[0015] The double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace of the present invention adopts a double-grate design. The upper grate separates the garbage drying layer and pyrolysis layer from the lower carbonization layer and ember burning layer, thereby avoiding the coking and burning-through phenomena that are easy to occur in the stacking pyrolysis furnace. At the same time, when the burning deviation phenomenon occurs, the lower grate can locally creep, and through the adjustment of the air supply system, the oxidation process of the entire furnace bed is consistent, with high efficiency and strong stability.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a front view of the distribution grate structure of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a top view of the distribution grate structure of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a side view of the distribution grate structure of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the slag removal grate structure of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slag-breaking roller of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace deslagging grate of the invention;

[0023] Figure 7a for Figure 6 AA section view;

[0024] Figure 7b for Figure 6 BB section view;

[0025] Figure 8 A structural relationship diagram between the slag breaking roller and the slag breaking plate of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace slag removal grate of the invention;

[0026] Fig. 9 The diagram is a structural relationship diagram between the ash supporting plate and the ash removing plate of the slag removing grate of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace invented.

[0027] In the figure: 1-hydraulic feeding device, 2-distributing car, 3-distributing grate, 31-distributing roller, 311-roller teeth, 32-distributing roller driving device, 33-bracket, 4-slag removing grate, 41-slag breaking roller, 411-first slag breaking edge, 42-slag breaking plate, 421-second slag breaking edge, 43-ash supporting plate, 44-ash removing plate, 45-slag dropping port, 46-slag breaking roller driving device, 47-ash removing plate driving device, 5-furnace door, 6-slag discharge port, 7-smoke exhaust port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Figure 1 The double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace of the present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure. Figure 1 As shown, the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace of the present invention comprises: a furnace body, a feeding device, a distribution vehicle 2, a distribution grate 3, a slag removal grate 4 and a slag discharge port 6; wherein, a plurality of furnace doors 5 are provided in the middle of the furnace body, and the feeding device provided on the top of the furnace body is a hydraulic feeding device 1, and the garbage is pressed into the pyrolysis furnace under the action of the hydraulic feeding device 1, and a distribution vehicle 2 is provided at the discharge port of the hydraulic feeding device 1, and the distribution vehicle 2 moves horizontally in the furnace body to evenly spread the garbage on the distribution grate 3, and the garbage is dried and pyrolyzed on the distribution grate 3 by the high-temperature flue gas generated by carbonization on the slag removal grate 4. The garbage after drying and pyrolysis falls onto the slag removal grate 4 under the rotation of the distribution grate 3. The garbage falling onto the slag removal grate 4 is carbonized and burned. After the garbage is carbonized and burned, large pieces of slag are sometimes produced. At this time, the slag removal grate 4 rotates to break the large pieces of slag and transfer the broken slag to multiple slag discharge ports 6 for discharge. Further, the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace of the present invention divides drying and pyrolysis and carbonization and burning into two processing layers. The distribution grate is used for drying and pyrolysis of garbage, and the slag removal grate is used for carbonization and burning of garbage after pyrolysis. The pyrolysis furnace in the prior art processes drying, pyrolysis, carbonization (oxidation) and burning together, which is prone to coking and burning through. The pyrolysis furnace of the present invention is divided into two garbage processing layers, which avoids the phenomenon of coking and burning through that is easy to occur in the stacking pyrolysis furnace. In order to achieve better pyrolysis and carbonization (oxidation) effects, the interior of the furnace body is lined with corrosion-resistant, high-temperature-resistant, high-strength refractory materials to ensure that the surface temperature of the furnace body does not exceed 50°C. Furthermore, a smoke exhaust port 7 is provided at the upper part of the furnace body, and an air supply port is provided at the bottom (air is supplied from the slag removal grate). A blower is arranged at the air supply port, and the blower blows air and part of the heat from the bottom of the furnace body, passing through the ash layer, the ember layer, and the carbonized layer in sequence; the air volume of the blower is controlled by automatically adjusting the motor speed through frequency conversion according to the operating conditions.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a front view of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace distribution grate structure of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a top view of the distribution grate structure of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a side view of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace distribution grate structure of the present invention. Figure 2-4 As shown, in order to achieve better drying and pyrolysis effects and make the pyrolyzed garbage fall evenly, the distribution grate 3 includes: multiple distribution rollers 31, multiple brackets 33 and distribution roller driving devices 32. The distribution roller driving devices 32 drive the distribution rollers 31 to rotate. In other words, the distribution roller driving devices 32 can drive each distribution roller 31 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, and each distribution roller 31 can be equipped with a separate driving device, that is, the distribution roller 31 can work alone or in conjunction with several of them. According to the pyrolysis working conditions of the pyrolysis furnace, the thickness of the garbage layer at the lower end is ensured to be basically consistent. In order to prevent the garbage from falling by itself when the distribution roller 31 stops working, a bracket 33 is provided at the bottom of the distribution roller 31, and each bracket 33 is located at the gap between each two adjacent distribution rollers. In order to make the pyrolyzed garbage fall evenly on the slag removal grate, multiple groups of roller teeth 311 are provided on the surface of each distribution roller 31, and each group of roller teeth 311 is provided with multiple roller teeth 311 along the radial direction of the distribution roller 31, and the angle difference between each two adjacent groups of roller teeth 311 is 45°. Preferably, the number of roller teeth 311 is 4. Preferably, the angle difference between a group of roller teeth 311 provided on each distribution roller 31 and a group of roller teeth 311 provided on the adjacent distribution roller is 45°. In addition, according to the different particle sizes of the crushed garbage to be processed, the size of the roller teeth 311 on the distribution roller 31 and the spacing between adjacent distribution rollers 31 will be adjusted accordingly, and the size of the bracket 33 and the spacing with the distribution roller 31 will also be changed accordingly.

[0030] Figure 5 The double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace slag removal grate structure schematic diagram of the present invention is as follows Figure 5 As shown, in order to achieve better slag breaking and slag removing effects, the slag removing grate 4 includes: a plurality of slag breaking rollers 41, a plurality of slag breaking plates 42, a plurality of ash supporting plates 43, a plurality of ash removing plates 44, a slag breaking roller driving device 46 and an ash removing plate driving device 47. Each slag breaking plate 42 is arranged between two adjacent slag breaking rollers 41, and the ash supporting plate 43 is arranged at the bottom of the slag breaking roller 41, and each ash supporting plate 43 is located in the gap between two adjacent slag breaking plates 42; each ash removing plate 44 is arranged on each ash supporting plate 43 and is fitted with the ash supporting plate 43; the slag breaking roller driving device 46 drives the slag breaking roller 41 to rotate; and the ash removing plate driving device 47 drives the ash removing plate 43 to reciprocate on the ash supporting plate 43. Specifically, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the slag-breaking roller structure of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace deslagging grate invented. Figure 7a for Figure 6 AA section view, Figure 7b for Figure 6BB section view. Figure 6 And refer to Figure 7a and Figure 7b As shown, a plurality of groups of first slag breaking edges are provided on the surface of each slag breaking roller 41, and each group of first slag breaking edges is provided with a plurality of first slag breaking edges 411 along the radial direction of the slag breaking roller, and the difference in the circumferential angle of the slag breaking edges between each two adjacent groups of first slag breaking edges is 45°. The number of first slag breaking edges 411 in each group of first slag breaking edges is 2. Figure 8 The structural relationship diagram between the slag-breaking roller and the slag-breaking plate of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace deslagging grate of the invention. Figure 8 As shown, each slag-breaking plate 42 is triangular, and a plurality of second slag-breaking edges 421 are respectively arranged on the two sides of the triangular slag-breaking plate 42, and each second slag-breaking edge 421 is staggered with each group of first slag-breaking edges. Further, the first slag-breaking edges 411 are not in the same straight line, which can reduce the load during work, and are staggered with the second slag-breaking edges 421 on the slag-breaking plate 42. When the slag-breaking roller 41 rotates, due to the existence of the first slag-breaking edges 411, the gap between the slag-breaking plate 42 and the slag-breaking plate 42 will be larger and smaller, so that large pieces of slag can be broken and fall onto the ash supporting plate 43.

[0031] Fig. 9 The structural relationship diagram between the ash support plate and the ash removal plate of the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace slag removal grate of the invention. Fig. 9 As shown, there is a certain gap between the ash supporting plate 43 and the slag breaking plate 42. After the slag falls on the ash supporting plate 43, it is in a stationary state. Through the horizontal reciprocating motion of the ash removing plate 44, the slag is pushed into the slag dropping port 45 for discharge. The ash removing plate driving device 47 controls the horizontal moving distance and operating frequency of the ash removing plate 44 to adjust the ash discharge amount. According to the operating conditions of the pyrolysis furnace, the ash removing plate 44 can work alone or in conjunction to adjust the slag discharge amount to ensure the stable operation of the pyrolysis furnace.

[0032] In summary, the double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace of the present invention adopts a double-grate design. The upper grate separates the garbage drying layer and pyrolysis layer from the lower carbonization layer and ember layer, thereby avoiding the coking and burning-through phenomena that are easy to occur in the stacking pyrolysis furnace. At the same time, when the burning deviation phenomenon occurs, the lower grate can creep locally, and through the adjustment of the air supply system, the oxidation process of the entire furnace bed is consistent, with high efficiency and strong stability.

Claims

1. A double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace, characterized in that: include: Furnace body, feeding device, distribution car, distribution grate, slag removal grate and slag discharge port; The feeding device arranged on the top of the furnace body is a hydraulic feeding device, and a distribution vehicle is arranged at the discharge port of the hydraulic feeding device. The distribution vehicle moves horizontally within the furnace body to spread the garbage on the distribution grate. The distribution grate rotates to make the pyrolyzed garbage evenly fall onto the slag removal grate for carbonization treatment. The slag removal grate rotates to break the ash and slag and transfer the broken slag to the slag discharge port for discharge. The distribution grate comprises: a plurality of distribution rollers, a plurality of brackets and a driving device, wherein the driving device drives the distribution rollers to rotate, the brackets are arranged at the bottom of the distribution rollers, and each bracket is located at the gap between two adjacent distribution rollers; The slag removal grate comprises: a plurality of slag breaking rollers, a plurality of slag breaking plates, a plurality of ash supporting plates, a plurality of ash removing plates, a slag breaking roller driving device and an ash removing plate driving device, each slag breaking plate is arranged between two adjacent slag breaking rollers, the ash supporting plate is arranged at the bottom of the slag breaking roller, and each ash supporting plate is located at the gap between two adjacent slag breaking plates; each ash removing plate is arranged on each ash supporting plate and is arranged in close contact with the ash supporting plate; the slag breaking roller driving device drives the slag breaking roller to rotate; the ash removing plate driving device drives the ash removing plate to reciprocate on the ash supporting plate; Wherein, a plurality of groups of first slag breaking edges are arranged on the surface of each slag breaking roller, each group of first slag breaking edges is arranged with a plurality of first slag breaking edges along the radial direction of the slag breaking roller, and the difference in the circumferential angle of the slag breaking edges between each two adjacent groups of first slag breaking edges is 45°; The furnace body is lined with corrosion-resistant, high-temperature-resistant, high-strength refractory materials to ensure that the furnace body surface temperature does not exceed 50°C; The furnace body is provided with a smoke exhaust port at the top and an air supply port at the bottom; Each slag-breaking plate is triangular in shape, and a plurality of second slag-breaking edges are respectively arranged on two side surfaces of the triangular slag-breaking plate, and each second slag-breaking edge is staggered with each group of first slag-breaking edges.

2. The double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: A blower is arranged at the air supply port, and the blower blows air and part of the heat from the bottom of the furnace body, and passes through the ash layer, the ember layer and the carbonized layer in sequence; the air volume of the blower is controlled by automatically adjusting the motor speed through frequency conversion according to the operating conditions.

3. The double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of roller teeth are arranged on the surface of each distribution roller in the distribution grate, each group of roller teeth is arranged with a plurality of roller teeth radially extending along the distribution roller, and the roller tooth angle difference between each two adjacent groups of roller teeth is 45°.

4. The double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of roller teeth in each group of roller teeth in the distribution grate is 4.

5. The double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The angle difference between a group of roller teeth arranged on each distribution roller in the distribution grate and a group of roller teeth arranged on the adjacent distribution roller is 45°.

6. The double-layer grate carbonization pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the first slag breaking edges in each group of first slag breaking edges in the slag removal grate is 2.

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