Transformer fault pneumatic oil drain system

Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic opening scheme for a transformer accident oil drain pipeline, which is composed of a pneumatic valve, a bursting disc assembly and a pneumatic control system. When a serious fault occurs in the transformer and the oil needs to be drained, the bursting disc is first opened through the pneumatic control system, and then the pneumatic valve is opened to achieve remote manual or electronic control of the transformer oil draining in a safe area. At the same time, the pneumatic control system can open the pneumatic valve provided on the flame-retardant gas pipeline to inject flame-retardant gas into the transformer to achieve fire prevention and fire extinguishing; at the same time, it can also realize oil storage cabinet interception and directional oil drainage; at the same time, it adds the necessary conditions of optical detection and pressure detection for determining transformer fault oil drainage and nitrogen injection. This scheme solves the problems that the existing equipment cannot safely drain oil when the transformer is in danger and the existing oil drainage and nitrogen injection system is unreliable to start.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a pneumatic oil drainage system for transformer faults, belonging to the field of power equipment safety. Background Technology

[0002] According to power system regulations, when a medium-to-large transformer experiences a major fault and a risk of combustion, the insulating oil inside the transformer should be rapidly discharged to an emergency oil storage tank. However, in current grid-connected equipment and substation designs, the transformer emergency oil drain line is opened via a manual gate valve and by manually breaking a glass seal. When a transformer is at risk of combustion, operators must risk their lives to open the valve and break the glass. If the transformer is already on fire, oil drainage is usually impossible, leaving the transformer vulnerable to burning and explosion. To address this risk, transformer management units have adopted a method of rerouting the transformer drain line to the other side of a firewall and installing a valve to reduce the risk of opening the valve during a fire. However, there is still no reliable way to remotely break the glass seal at the oil storage tank inlet. Furthermore, the current oil draining and nitrogen injection system used in the power grid system suffers from poor reliability and a high risk of malfunction due to its mechanical interlocking and electrical control mechanisms. Moreover, there is no sealing protection at the rear of the drain valve; malfunctioning valves can directly discharge transformer oil, causing accidents and significant impacts. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a pneumatic oil draining system for transformer faults. When a transformer fault occurs and there is a fire hazard, the device can remotely and quickly open the transformer oil draining valve without electrical control, and shut off the valve connecting the oil tank and the transformer. At the same time, it injects flame-retardant gas into the transformer to achieve fire extinguishing and fire prevention. It can also avoid misoperation and accidental triggering, and ensure that the oil draining pipeline is sealed and reliable during normal operation.

[0004] The specific technical solution created by this invention is as follows: a pneumatic oil draining system for transformer faults, wherein the transformer oil drain port is connected to a pneumatic oil draining device and a pneumatic control system for controlling the pneumatic oil draining device; the pneumatic oil draining device is composed of a pneumatic oil draining valve connected in series with a rupture disc assembly, or is composed of two pneumatic oil draining valves connected in series with a pneumatic sealing valve; each pneumatic control pipeline controlling the opening of the pneumatic oil draining valve and the opening of the rupture disc is connected to the pneumatic control system, and the pneumatic control system is in the form of a pneumatic control cabinet composed of an oil draining control valve, a rupture disc control valve, a pressure gauge and an air source.

[0005] A pneumatic oil drain valve is connected to the transformer's oil drain port. The outlet of the pneumatic oil drain valve is connected to the component pipeline and the rupture disc. The outlet of the rupture disc enters the underground oil drain pool through the pipeline. An air inlet is set on the component pipeline and connected to the rupture disc opening control pipeline to the pneumatic control system. The control unit of the pneumatic oil drain valve is connected to the oil drain opening control pipeline and the oil drain closing control pipeline to the pneumatic control system. The rupture disc opening control pipeline is connected in sequence to the rupture disc opening control valve, the pressure reducing valve, and the main air source valve to control the opening of the rupture disc. The oil drain opening control pipeline and the oil drain closing control pipeline are respectively connected to the reversing valve, and then in sequence to the oil drain control valve, the pressure reducing valve, and the main air source valve to control the opening and closing of the pneumatic oil drain valve.

[0006] The transformer oil tank is connected to a flame-retardant gas pipeline, which is then connected to the main valve of the flame-retardant gas cylinder via a flame-retardant gas pipeline valve and a pressure reducing valve.

[0007] The transformer oil tank is connected to a flame-retardant gas pipeline, which is equipped with a flame-retardant gas pipeline pneumatic valve. The control unit of the flame-retardant gas pipeline pneumatic valve is connected to the pipeline to the pneumatic control system and is controlled by a flame-retardant gas control valve installed in the pneumatic control system.

[0008] A pneumatic shut-off valve for the oil conservator is connected to the outlet pipeline of the oil conservator at the top of the transformer. The control unit of the pneumatic shut-off valve is connected to the pneumatic control system. The pneumatic shut-off valve is controlled by the oil conservator shut-off control valve set in the pneumatic control system.

[0009] A pneumatic drain valve for the oil conservator is connected to the outlet pipeline of the oil conservator at the top of the transformer. The control unit of the pneumatic drain valve is connected to the pneumatic control system. The pneumatic drain valve is controlled by the drain control valve for the oil conservator installed in the pneumatic control system.

[0010] The control method for the above-mentioned transformer fault pneumatic oil drainage system includes the following steps:

[0011] 1) Normal operating condition of transformer: The pneumatic oil drain valve is closed, the rupture disc is in a well-sealed state, and the rupture disc opening control line and the oil drain opening control line are connected to the pneumatic control system, but the pneumatic control system does not provide air pressure;

[0012] 2) When a transformer malfunctions and needs to drain oil: Air pressure is provided through the pneumatic control system. First, air pressure is injected into the rupture disc opening control line to make the rupture disc burst. Then, air pressure is injected into the drain oil opening control line to open the pneumatic drain oil valve, and the transformer drains oil.

[0013] Another control method for the above-mentioned pneumatic oil drainage system for transformer faults includes the following steps:

[0014] 1) Normal operating condition of the transformer: The pneumatic valve of the flame-retardant gas pipeline is in the closed state, and the flame-retardant gas control valve is in the closed state;

[0015] 2) When a transformer malfunctions and needs to drain oil: The pneumatic control system provides air pressure, first opens the rupture disc or pneumatic sealing valve, then opens the pneumatic drain valve, and the transformer begins to drain oil. Then, the flame-retardant gas control valve is opened, allowing the air pressure to drive the pneumatic valve in the flame-retardant gas pipeline to open, thereby injecting flame-retardant gas into the transformer.

[0016] Preferably, the control method for the pneumatic oil draining system for transformer faults involves installing a photoelectric sensor on the transformer to detect light signals inside the transformer tank, and using the detection of a flash signal by the photoelectric sensor as a necessary condition for opening the oil draining and nitrogen injection pipelines.

[0017] Preferably, the control method of the pneumatic oil draining system for transformer faults includes installing a pressure sensor on the transformer to detect the internal pressure of the transformer tank, and using a pressure of 60 kPa or above detected by the pressure sensor as a necessary condition for opening the oil draining and nitrogen injection pipelines.

[0018] The pneumatic oil drainage system for transformer faults has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. It can remotely open the valves of the rupture disc and emergency oil drain pipeline to achieve emergency oil draining under the condition of no electricity. It is simple and safe to control through pneumatic control.

[0020] 2. The system uses a pneumatic valve and a rupture disc connected in series. The rupture disc is opened first, followed by the valve, which can achieve more effective sealing and prevent accidental oil discharge. It can be remotely controlled by air pressure, and the opening is rapid and reliable.

[0021] 3. The system employs a pneumatic air source to control the rupture discs and pneumatic valves. During normal operation of the transformer equipment, the pneumatic air source pipeline has no pressure; driving pressure is only generated after the main air source valve and branch valves are opened. Therefore, the system eliminates the risk of misoperation and self-starting, ensuring safety, reliability, and maintenance-free operation. This solves the problems of accidental operation and jamming associated with current oil draining and nitrogen injection fire extinguishing systems that use a counterweight to open valves.

[0022] 4. While achieving pneumatically controlled oil discharge, it can also pneumatically control the injection of flame-retardant gas to achieve fire prevention and extinguishing. It also enables remote pneumatic control of the flow between the oil conservator and the transformer, and the discharge of oil from the oil conservator to the drain pool.

[0023] 5. This method adds the necessary conditions for optical and pressure detection to determine transformer fault oil drainage and nitrogen injection, which can effectively improve the reliability of the oil drainage and nitrogen injection fire extinguishing system startup;

[0024] 6. This method can be used to modify existing emergency oil drain pipelines, as well as to update the existing oil drain and nitrogen injection fire extinguishing system's oil drain and nitrogen injection pipelines, which can greatly improve system reliability and enhance transformer safety. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pneumatic oil drainage system for transformer faults, as shown in Example 1.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of a pneumatic oil drainage system for transformer faults.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third embodiment of a pneumatic oil drainage system for transformer faults.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pneumatic oil drainage system for transformer faults, Example 4.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pneumatic oil drainage system for transformer faults, Example 5.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pneumatic oil drainage system for transformer faults, Example 6.

[0031] Figure 7 These are schematic diagrams of embodiments seven and eight of the pneumatic oil drainage system for transformer faults.

[0032] Wherein: 1—Pneumatic drain valve, 2—Component pipeline, 3—Rupture disc, 4—Drain opening control pipeline, 5—Drain closing control pipeline, 6—Rupture disc opening control pipeline, 7—Reversing valve, 8—Drain control valve, 9—Rupture disc opening control valve, 10—Pressure reducing valve, 11—Main gas supply valve, 12—Gas supply, 13—Pneumatic sealing valve, 14—Sealing opening control pipeline, 15—Sealing holding pipeline, 16—Sealing reversing valve, 17—Sealing opening control valve, 18—Flame-retardant gas pipeline, 19—Flame-retardant gas pipeline valve, 20—Flame-retardant cylinder, 21—Flame-retardant gas pipeline pneumatic valve, 22—Flame-retardant gas control valve, 23—Oil tank pneumatic shut-off valve, 24—Oil tank shut-off control valve, 25—Oil tank pneumatic drain valve, 26—Oil tank drain control valve, 27—Photoelectric sensor, 28—Pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] like Figure 1As shown, a pneumatic drain valve 1 is connected to the drain port of the original emergency drain valve of the transformer. The outlet of the pneumatic drain valve 1 is connected to the component pipeline 2 and the rupture disc 3. The outlet of the rupture disc 3 enters the underground drain pool through the pipeline. An air inlet is provided on the component pipeline 2 and connected to the rupture disc opening control pipeline 6 to the pneumatic control system. The control unit of the pneumatic drain valve 1 is connected to the drain opening control pipeline 4 and the drain closing control pipeline 5 to the pneumatic control system. The pneumatic control system consists of a rupture disc opening control valve 9, a drain control valve 8, a reversing valve 7, a pressure reducing valve 10, a main air source valve 11, an air source 12, pipelines, and pressure gauges, and is installed in the pneumatic control cabinet. The rupture disc opening control pipeline 6 is sequentially connected to the rupture disc opening valve 9, the pressure reducing valve 10, and the main air source valve 11 to control the opening of the rupture disc. The oil drain opening control pipeline 4 and the oil drain closing control pipeline 5 are respectively connected to the reversing valve 7, and then sequentially connected to the oil drain control valve 8, the pressure reducing valve 10, and the main air source valve 11 to control the opening and closing of the pneumatic oil drain valve. The rupture disc assembly consists of the assembly pipeline 2, the rupture disc 3, and the clamping flange. The rupture pressure of the rupture disc can be set between 0.1 and 0.3 MPa. The pneumatic control cabinet is located on the other side of the transformer firewall or in another safe location. Each valve can be operated manually or electrically remotely controlled by a solenoid valve and control circuit. The air source 12 uses a nitrogen cylinder, a carbon dioxide cylinder, or other inert gas cylinder. The main air source valve 11 is connected to the pressure reducing valve 10 with a pressure gauge, and a pressure gauge is installed at the rear end of each air source branch valve to monitor the pressure change after opening.

[0035] After the pipeline connection is completed, the pneumatic drain valve 1 is in the closed state, and the rupture disc 3 is in a well-sealed state. After evacuating or injecting oil to vent the pipeline before the pneumatic drain valve 1, the original emergency drain valve of the transformer is opened, and the transformer insulating oil flows into the pipeline and is kept sealed through the pneumatic drain valve 1. During normal operation of the transformer, there is no driving air pressure in the drain opening control pipeline 4, the drain closing control pipeline 5, and the rupture disc opening control pipeline 6. The main air source valve 11 is closed, the valves of each branch pipeline are closed, and the pipeline pressure gauges show no pressure. The pressure after pressure reduction by the pressure reducing valve is preset to 0.4~0.7MPa. The reversing valve 7 can be a manual valve initially set to connect the drain opening control pipeline 4, that is, to ensure that the pneumatic drain valve 1 is driven to open first when there is air pressure.

[0036] When a transformer experiences a serious fault and requires oil drainage, first open the main air supply valve 11, then open the rupture disc opening control valve 9. Air pressure travels through the rupture disc opening control line 6 to the component line 2, and the rupture disc bursts when the pressure reaches or exceeds the set breaking pressure. Then, close valve 9 and open the drain control valve 8. Air pressure travels through the drain opening control line 4 to the control unit of the pneumatic drain valve 1, driving it to open and allowing the transformer to drain oil. If it is necessary to close the pneumatic drain valve 1, the reversing valve 7 can be switched to the drain closing control line 5.

[0037] This embodiment uses a manual gas supply activation method to account for the risk of power outage in the event of a transformer failure. If a reliable power source is available, it can be designed as an electrically controlled remote system, or a system combining electric and manual operation. Additionally, the pneumatic drain valve can be a ball valve, butterfly valve, gate valve, or other pneumatic valve type. Alternatively, a normally closed valve with only a single pneumatic activation function can be selected, such as a pneumatic shut-off valve or diaphragm valve, in which case one less gas supply line can be added to the driving gas supply system. The rupture disc can be a positive arch shape, or other forms that meet long-term sealing requirements and can completely rupture under certain pressure, such as a metal or non-metal diaphragm. The gas cylinder pressure should be checked regularly and maintained above 2 MPa (higher for longer gas lines).

[0038] When using a dual-mode opening method with both electric and manual control, the valves in the pneumatic control cabinet are replaced with solenoid valves that have a manual function. The electric control signal is given by the field or the central control room. In this method, the main air supply valve 11 should be normally open and an electric main valve should be added after it.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, two pneumatic drain valves 1 and 13 are connected in series at the outlet of the original emergency drain valve of the transformer. The latter can be the same as the former and its function is secondary sealing. The outlet of the pneumatic sealing valve 13 is connected to the inlet of the underground drain pool. The control parts of the pneumatic drain valve 1 and the pneumatic sealing valve 13 are connected to the pneumatic control cabinet by pipelines, and the valves are opened by air pressure. After installation, the pneumatic drain valve 1 and the pneumatic sealing valve 13 are both in the closed state. The sealing reversing valve 16 is connected to the sealing opening control pipeline 14. After evacuating or injecting oil to exhaust the pipeline at the front end of the pneumatic drain valve (1), the original emergency drain valve of the transformer is opened, and the transformer insulating oil flows in and is kept sealed through the pneumatic drain valve 1. When a transformer experiences a serious fault and requires oil drainage, first open the main air supply valve 11, then open the sealing opening control valve 17. Drive the air pressure through the sealing reversing valve 16 and the sealing opening control pipeline 14 to reach the control unit of the pneumatic sealing valve 13, driving the pneumatic sealing valve 13 to open. Then, or simultaneously open the oil drainage opening control valve 8 of the pneumatic oil drainage valve 1, and the pneumatic oil drainage valve 1 opens, allowing the transformer to drain oil.

[0041] Alternatively, a dual-mode opening method with both electric and manual control can be adopted. The valves in the pneumatic control cabinet can be replaced with solenoid valves that have a manual function. The electric control signal is given by the field or the central control room. In this method, the main air supply valve 11 should be normally open or an electric main valve should be added.

[0042] Example 3:

[0043] like Figure 3As shown, based on the technical solutions of Embodiment 1 or 2, flame-retardant gas pipelines 18, communicating with the inside of the oil tank, are evenly distributed around the transformer. These pipelines are connected to flame-retardant gas cylinders 20 via valves 19 and pressure reducing valves. The flame-retardant gas can be nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or other inert gases. When a serious transformer fault occurs and oil drainage is required, the flame-retardant gas pipeline valves 19 are opened after the pneumatic oil drainage device is activated, allowing the flame-retardant gas to enter the transformer.

[0044] Example 4:

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, based on Embodiment 3, a pneumatic valve 21 for the flame-retardant gas pipeline is connected to the flame-retardant gas pipeline 18. The control unit of the pneumatic valve 21 is connected to the drive air source pipeline to the flame-retardant gas control valve 22 within the pneumatic control system. When a serious transformer fault occurs and oil drainage is required, the flame-retardant gas pipeline pneumatic valve 21 is opened by opening the flame-retardant gas control valve 22 after the pneumatic oil drainage device is activated, allowing the flame-retardant gas to enter the transformer. To achieve a more reliable seal and prevent the flame-retardant gas from entering the oil tank during normal transformer operation, two pneumatic valves connected in series can be used on the flame-retardant gas pipeline. The function of the reversing valve in the figure is to realize the opening and closing switching of the pneumatic valve; the initial preset is that the connecting valve is open.

[0046] Example 5:

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, based on implementation examples one to four, a pneumatic shut-off valve 23 is connected to the pipeline between the transformer oil conservator and the transformer oil tank. This valve can be a normally open pneumatic shut-off valve. When a serious transformer fault occurs and the pneumatic oil draining device is activated, air pressure is input to the control unit of the pneumatic shut-off valve 23 in the oil conservator to close the valve, preventing insulating oil in the oil conservator from flowing into the transformer. The air source for driving this pneumatic valve can be integrated into the pneumatic control system of the pneumatic oil draining device.

[0048] Example 6:

[0049] Based on any one of the technical solutions in Examples 1 to 5, a pneumatic drain valve 25 is connected to the lower part of the transformer oil tank, and a pipeline leads to the lower oil storage pool of the transformer. This pneumatic valve can be a normally closed pneumatic valve. When a serious fault occurs in the transformer and the pneumatic drain device is opened, air pressure is input to the control unit of the pneumatic drain valve 25 to open the valve, allowing the insulating oil in the oil tank to flow into the lower oil storage pool of the transformer. The driving air source for this pneumatic valve can be integrated into the pneumatic control system of the pneumatic drain device.

[0050] Example 7:

[0051] like Figure 7As shown in Embodiment 4 above, a photoelectric sensor 27 is installed on the transformer tank to collect internal light wave signals. The photoelectric sensor 27 collects and emits signals of the arc light waves and flame light waves generated inside the transformer through a light guide. This signal serves as one of the necessary conditions for starting the transformer's oil draining and nitrogen injection, determining whether the pneumatic oil draining device should be activated. When the photoelectric sensor 27 detects a flame signal, it triggers the opening of the rupture disc 3, the pneumatic oil draining valve 1, and the pneumatic valve 21 of the flame-retardant gas pipeline, as one of the necessary conditions. Currently, there are four necessary conditions for starting the transformer's oil draining and nitrogen injection in case of a fault: the transformer gas relay heavy gas operation, the pressure relief valve opening, the circuit breaker tripping, and the upper temperature sensor of the transformer being triggered. Adding the detection of internal light wave signals in this scheme, or changing the upper temperature sensor of the transformer to a photoelectric sensor that detects internal light wave signals, can more reliably detect internal risks in the transformer and more accurately determine whether the oil draining and nitrogen injection systems need to be activated. The photoelectric sensor can be a photoelectric conversion element or photoelectric switch that can detect infrared, visible light, and ultraviolet light at temperatures above 400°C.

[0052] Example 8:

[0053] like Figure 7 As shown in Embodiment 4 above, a pressure sensor 28 is installed on the transformer tank to collect the internal pressure signal of the transformer. The pressure sensor 28 is connected to the insulating oil inside the transformer tank to detect the oil pressure. When the internal oil pressure of the transformer reaches the dangerous pressure value (the allowable pressure of the transformer tank, where there is a risk of tank cracking), a signal is issued. This signal serves as one of the necessary conditions for starting the transformer oil draining and nitrogen injection, and is used to determine whether the pneumatic oil draining device should be opened. Currently, the starting pressure of the pressure relief valve commonly used in transformers is 55 kPa. In this embodiment, the pressure sensor can be set to give an oil draining and nitrogen injection start signal when a higher pressure is detected. Considering the design strength of the transformer tank, 60 kPa-100 kPa can be selected as the setting condition for the pressure sensor according to different transformers and installation heights. That is, when the pressure sensor 28 detects a pressure of 60 kPa or higher, it serves as one of the necessary conditions to trigger the opening of the rupture disc 3 and the pneumatic oil draining valve 1, as well as the opening of the pneumatic valve 21 in the flame-retardant gas pipeline. Currently, there are four necessary conditions for initiating oil draining and nitrogen injection in the event of a transformer failure: activation of the transformer gas relay's heavy gas function, opening of the pressure relief valve, circuit breaker tripping, and triggering of the temperature sensor on the upper part of the transformer. This embodiment adds the necessary condition of a pressure sensor detecting a dangerous pressure value, which allows for more reliable assessment of equipment risks and a safer determination of whether the oil draining and nitrogen injection systems should be activated. The pressure sensor can be a commercially available pressure sensor or pressure switch with a detection range below 1 MPa.

Claims

1. A transformer fault pneumatic oil drainage system, characterized by: The transformer oil drain port is connected to a pneumatic oil drain device and a pneumatic control system that controls the pneumatic oil drain device; the pneumatic oil drain device is composed of a pneumatic oil drain valve connected in series with a bursting disc assembly, or a pneumatic oil drain valve and a pneumatic sealing valve connected in series; the pneumatic control pipelines that control the opening of the pneumatic oil drain valve and the pneumatic sealing valve and the bursting of the bursting disc are connected to the pneumatic control system, which is a pneumatic control cabinet consisting of an oil drain control valve, a bursting disc control valve, a pressure gauge and an air source, and is started in a safe area by electric remote control, or electric and manual control in parallel; The specific structure of the pneumatic oil drain device of the pneumatic oil drain valve connected in series with the bursting disc assembly is as follows: the pneumatic oil drain valve (1) is connected to the oil drain port of the transformer, the outlet of the pneumatic oil drain valve (1) is connected to the assembly pipeline (2) and the bursting disc (3), and the outlet of the bursting disc (3) enters the underground oil drain pool through the pipeline; an air inlet is provided on the assembly pipeline (2) and connected to the bursting disc opening control pipeline (6) to the pneumatic control system; The pneumatic control system has the following structure: the control part of the pneumatic oil drain valve (1) is connected to the oil drain opening control pipeline (4) and the oil drain closing control pipeline (5) to the pneumatic control system; wherein the bursting disc opening control pipeline (6) is connected to the bursting disc opening control valve (9), the pressure reducing valve (10) and the air source main valve (11) in sequence, and is used to control the opening of the bursting disc; the oil drain opening control pipeline (4) and the oil drain closing control pipeline (5) are respectively connected to the reversing valve (7), and then connected to the oil drain control valve (8), the pressure reducing valve (10) and the air source main valve (11) in sequence, and are used to control the opening and closing of the pneumatic oil drain valve.

2. The transformer fault pneumatic oil drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transformer oil tank is connected to a flame retardant gas pipeline (18), which is connected to the main valve of the flame retardant gas cylinder (20) via a flame retardant gas pipeline valve (19) and a pressure reducing valve.

3. The transformer fault pneumatic oil drainage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transformer oil tank is connected to a flame retardant gas pipeline (18), a flame retardant gas pipeline pneumatic valve (21) is provided on the flame retardant gas pipeline pipeline (18), and a control unit of the flame retardant gas pipeline pneumatic valve (21) connects the pipeline to a pneumatic control system and is controlled by a flame retardant gas control valve (22) provided in the pneumatic control system.

4. The transformer fault pneumatic oil drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oil conservator pneumatic shutoff valve (23) is connected to an oil conservator outlet pipeline on the upper part of the transformer, a control unit of the oil conservator pneumatic shutoff valve (23) is connected to a pipeline connected to a pneumatic control system, and the oil conservator pneumatic shutoff valve (23) is controlled by an oil conservator shutoff control valve (24) provided in the pneumatic control system.

5. The transformer fault pneumatic oil drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oil conservator pneumatic drain valve (25) is connected to an oil conservator outlet pipeline on the upper part of the transformer, a control unit of the oil conservator pneumatic drain valve (25) is connected to a pipeline connected to a pneumatic control system, and the oil conservator pneumatic drain valve (25) is controlled by an oil conservator drain control valve (26) provided in the pneumatic control system.

6. The control method of the transformer fault pneumatic oil drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that The following steps are involved: 1) The transformer is in normal operating state: the pneumatic oil drain valve (1) is in a closed state, the bursting disc (3) is in a well-sealed state, the bursting disc opening control pipeline (6) and the oil drain opening control pipeline (4) are connected to the pneumatic control system, but the pneumatic control system does not provide air pressure; 2) When a transformer fails and needs to be drained, the pneumatic control system provides air pressure, first injects air pressure into the bursting disc opening control pipeline (6) to cause the bursting disc to explode, and then injects air pressure into the oil drain opening control pipeline (4) to open the pneumatic oil drain valve (1), thereby draining the transformer.

7. The control method of the transformer fault pneumatic oil drainage system according to claim 3 is characterized in that The following steps are involved: 1) Normal operation state of the transformer: the pneumatic valve (21) of the flame-retardant gas pipeline is in a closed state, and the flame-retardant gas control valve (22) is in a closed state; 2) The transformer fails and needs to be drained: air pressure is provided through the pneumatic control system to first open the bursting disc (3) or the pneumatic sealing valve (13), and then the pneumatic oil drain valve (1) is opened. The transformer starts to drain oil, and then the flame-retardant gas control valve (22) is opened to allow air pressure to drive the flame-retardant gas pipeline pneumatic valve (21) to open, thereby injecting flame-retardant gas into the transformer.

8. The control method of the transformer fault pneumatic oil drainage system according to claim 6 or 7, further characterized by: A photoelectric sensor is set on the transformer to detect the light signal inside the transformer oil tank, and the detection of the fire light signal by the photoelectric sensor is regarded as a necessary condition for opening the oil discharge and nitrogen injection pipelines.

9. The control method of the transformer fault pneumatic oil drainage system according to claim 6 or 7, further characterized by: A pressure sensor is installed on the transformer to detect the internal pressure of the transformer oil tank, and the pressure sensor detects a pressure of 60KPa and above as a necessary condition for opening the oil drain and nitrogen injection pipelines.

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