Energy absorption and anti-climbing device for rail vehicles

Abstract

The present invention provides a rail vehicle energy absorption and anti-climbing device, which belongs to the field of rail vehicle passive safety. The tail end of the sleeve is fixed to the front center of the mounting seat, and the cylindrical tail end of the cylindrical tool mounting frame passes through the through hole in the center of the square energy absorption partition and contacts the inner semi-ring of the front end wall thickness of the sleeve; the tail ends of the four secondary springs are all fixed with the secondary spring mounting seat, and the front ends are respectively fixed with the four secondary spring mounting seats on the back of the square energy absorption partition; a crushing tube is arranged on the periphery of the secondary spring between the energy absorption partition and the mounting seat; the back of the sawtooth anti-climbing device is a square flat plate structure, and the front end of the multi-stage guide rod is connected to the center position of the back of the sawtooth anti-climbing device by welding; a primary spring is arranged between the spring mounting seat on the back of the sawtooth anti-climbing device and the spring mounting seat in front of the energy absorption partition, and the tail end is fixed with the primary spring mounting seat in front of the energy absorption partition; the cylindrical tool mounting frame is bolted to the energy absorption partition through the bolt holes on the flange.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit passive safety. Background Art

[0002] At present, my country's rail transit industry is developing rapidly, and the speed of trains is constantly increasing. At faster and faster speeds, once a train collision occurs, it will cause significant casualties and property losses. Therefore, improving the passive safety protection mechanism of trains has become an increasingly important issue in recent years. When a train collides, the coupler buffer acts first. After it fails, the entire coupler buffer device withdraws from the mounting bolts, and then the anti-climbing device begins to contact. Therefore, the energy-absorbing and anti-climbing device is an indispensable part of the collision-resistant car body design as a buffering and energy-absorbing device to prevent climbing. The energy-absorbing device absorbs energy through large plastic deformation of the material or large friction between metals, thereby achieving the effect of buffering energy absorption and preventing climbing when the car body collides.

[0003] At present, the anti-climbing energy absorption devices used at home and abroad are mainly divided into three types: cutting type, crushing type, and expansion type. In terms of the energy absorption capacity of metal deformation, the energy absorption mode of large plastic deformation and rupture deformation after deformation is better than the energy absorption mode of only plastic deformation of metal materials. The process of generating chips, that is, the cutting energy absorption process, is the process of metal rupture.

[0004] The crushing energy absorption process is a process in which a metal produces a single large plastic deformation. The crushing materials mainly include thin-shell tubular structures such as aluminum alloys and honeycomb aluminum plates. Its energy absorption characteristics mainly rely on the plastic dynamic buckling mechanical behavior of the structure under axial impact. However, single crushing energy absorption is better than pursuing material lightweight, which can easily lead to instability problems during high-speed impact.

[0005] The expansion energy absorption structure is an energy absorption device mainly composed of an inner push rod and an outer sleeve. The inner push rod is a solid metal rod, and the outer sleeve is an expansion thin-wall energy absorption tube. Although the expansion energy absorption structure with the guide rod installed will not have the problem of instability, it has the disadvantages of small energy absorption capacity and poor control of the energy absorption process. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a rail vehicle energy absorption and anti-climbing device, which can effectively absorb vehicle collision energy and prevent vehicle climbing.

[0007] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a rail vehicle energy absorption and anti-climbing device, comprising a sawtooth anti-climber, a crush tube, a mounting seat with bolt holes, a tool and its mounting frame, the tail end of the sleeve is fixed to the front center of the mounting seat, the outer ring of the center line of the wall thickness of the front end surface of the sleeve contacts the tail end surface of the ring with a flange, the outer diameter of the cylindrical tool mounting frame with the flange matches the inner diameter of the ring, the cylindrical tail end of the cylindrical tool mounting frame passes through the through hole in the center of the square energy absorption partition and contacts the inner ring of the center line of the wall thickness of the front end surface of the sleeve; secondary spring mounting seats are evenly distributed in the four corners around the sleeve on the front side of the mounting seat, the tail ends of the four secondary springs are fixed with the secondary spring mounting seat, and the front ends are respectively fixed with the square The four secondary spring mounting seats on the back of the shaped energy-absorbing partition are fixed in cooperation; a crush tube is provided on the periphery of the secondary spring between the energy-absorbing partition and the mounting seat; the back of the serrated anti-climber is a square flat plate structure, and the primary spring mounting seats are evenly distributed in the four corners, the front end of the multi-stage guide rod is connected to the center position of the back of the serrated anti-climber by welding, and the other end of the multi-stage guide rod is interference fit with the inner diameter of the sleeve; the primary spring mounting seats are evenly distributed in the four corners in front of the energy-absorbing partition, the front end of the primary spring is fixed with the primary spring mounting seat on the back of the serrated anti-climber, and the tail end is fixed with the primary spring mounting seat in front of the energy-absorbing partition; the cylindrical tool mounting frame is connected to the energy-absorbing partition bolts through the bolt holes on the flange; the cylindrical tool mounting frame evenly distributes the tools along the inner diameter of the cylinder.

[0008] The tooth plate of the sawtooth anti-climber is a structure in which teeth and grooves are arranged in rows at equal intervals, and the tooth plate of the anti-climber is provided with inner grooves and outer convex teeth at equal intervals.

[0009] The multi-stage guide rod is provided with a cutting layer at the front end of the tool.

[0010] The cylindrical tool mounting frame is provided with adjustment mechanisms for the tool along the X-axis and Y-axis directions and the inclination angle. The tool rake angle is in the range of 0 to 10°, and the back angle is in the range of 3 to 12°.

[0011] The sleeve is an expandable thin-wall energy-absorbing tube, the inner wall of which is interference-fitted with the multi-stage guide rod, and a cavity is formed at the rear.

[0012] The crush tube is made of aluminum honeycomb material, and is a square structure consisting of an upper part and a lower part welded together and provided with induction holes at four corners.

[0013] The multi-stage guide rod is connected with the inner diameter of the cylindrical tool mounting frame, the through hole in the center of the energy-absorbing partition with bolt holes at the four corners, and the inner diameter of the collar by clearance fit.

[0014] Furthermore, the crush tube formed by splicing the upper and lower halves is provided with several induction holes at the four corners, wherein the induction holes are in the form of rectangular holes opened on two adjacent surfaces, and the number of induction holes is indefinite; studies have shown that the stability of corner openings is better than that of surface openings, and the buckling first occurs at the first hole, and then a folded buckling is formed at each opening. The number of induction holes in the axial direction is greater, and the buckling is relatively more stable; the crush tube is a welding combination of the upper two parts for easy process installation; the material of the crush tube is an aluminum honeycomb structure, and its front and rear ends are respectively fixed to the back of the energy-absorbing baffle and the front of the mounting seat.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: a multi-directional and multi-stage energy absorption device for rail vehicles, the top of the anti-climbing tooth plate includes several equally spaced inner grooves; the bottom of the groove includes several equally spaced outer convex teeth, and an empty groove is provided between each stage of teeth. When the vehicle collides, the coupler buffer acts first, and after it fails, the entire coupler buffer device withdraws from the mounting bolt, and then the anti-climbing device begins to contact, because the equally spaced inner grooves and the equally spaced outer convex teeth can mesh with each other, effectively suppressing the vertical force and lateral force during the collision; the multi-stage guide rod is used as a cutting material to cut and absorb energy at the front end of the energy absorption partition and plays a role in guiding and bearing the lateral force, and as an inner push rod at the rear end of the energy absorption partition to impact the thin-walled energy absorption tube to make it expand and deform to absorb energy and also play a role in guiding and bearing the lateral force, the guide rod is used as a cutting rod and an inner push rod at the same time, so that the energy absorption device can perform cutting energy absorption and expansion energy absorption at the same time, and can absorb more energy than simple crushing or expansion; the crushing device has induction holes at its four corners, which can absorb the impact energy more quickly and stably. The present invention makes full use of the advantage that the energy absorption mode of metal first undergoes large plastic deformation and then breaks is better than the energy absorption mode of metal material only undergoing plastic deformation. It combines cutting, crushing and expansion energy absorption modes, and uses the guide push rod after cutting as the inner push rod in the expansion energy absorption system to continue absorbing energy. Springs and crushing materials are added to prevent the occurrence of instability. This multi-stage combined energy absorption and anti-climbing device greatly improves the safety factor of personnel on the train and greatly reduces the losses after an accident. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a half-section view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 It is an exploded view of the longitudinal force transmission component of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a partial schematic diagram of the cutting energy absorption of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5It is a partial schematic diagram of the expansion energy absorption of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a partial schematic diagram of the cutting tool of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the crushing material of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] like Figure 1 , 2As shown, a rail vehicle energy absorption and anti-climbing device comprises a sawtooth anti-climbing device 1, a primary spring 2, an energy absorption partition 4, a crushing tube 6, a mounting seat 7, a multi-stage guide rod 11, a sleeve 18, a cylindrical tool mounting frame 5, a tool 10, a primary spring mounting seat 9, a cutting layer 15, and a collar 19; wherein, the back of the sawtooth anti-climbing device 1 is connected to one end of the multi-stage guide rod 11 by welding, and the front end of the multi-stage guide rod 11 is provided with a cutting layer 15; during the collision energy absorption process, since the energy absorption device is plastically deformed and needs to be replaced frequently, the cutting layer 15 is set to a thickness of the amount of one cutting, generally with a thickness of about 10 mm, to save cutting metal materials; the rear end of the multi-stage guide rod 11 is pre-installed in the sleeve 18 by interference fit, and the middle part of the multi-stage guide rod 11 is connected to the multi-stage guide rod 11 by the tool 10 is used for auxiliary fixation and is clearance-matched with the cylindrical tool mounting frame 5, the energy-absorbing baffle plate 4 and the collar 19; when a collision occurs, the multi-stage guide rod can slide freely among the cylindrical tool mounting frame 5, the energy-absorbing baffle plate 4 and the collar 19, thereby generating a large friction force with the sleeve 18 and the multi-stage guide rod 11 as an inner push rod can cause the sleeve 18 to expand and deform in diameter, thereby achieving the effect of absorbing the kinetic energy of the impact; a primary spring mounting seat 9 is provided on the back of the sawtooth anti-climbing device 1 and in front of the energy-absorbing baffle plate 4 with bolt holes 14 at the four corners, and a primary spring 2 is provided between the two; a secondary spring mounting seat 17 is provided in front of the mounting seat 7 and the back of the energy-absorbing baffle plate 4, and a secondary spring 16 is installed between the secondary spring mounting seats 17 at both ends, and the front and rear two-stage springs can The cylindrical tool mounting frame 5 is connected to prevent instability during collision. At the same time, the four high-strength springs at the front and rear can also provide a certain degree of energy absorption. The cylindrical tool mounting frame 5 is a sleeve structure, wherein a plurality of bolt holes 14 are arranged on the cylindrical tool mounting frame 5. The front end of the cylindrical tool mounting frame 5 is connected to the energy absorbing baffle 4 by bolts, and the rear end is inserted into the energy absorbing baffle and the collar 19, and resists the axial force with the sleeve 18. The cylindrical tool mounting frame 5 is installed with a plurality of tools 10, and the tools can be fixed and moved on the cylindrical tool mounting frame 5 to control the cutting thickness, wherein the tools 10 installed on the cylindrical tool mounting frame 5 are in contact with and fixed to the protruding cutting layer 15 part on the multi-stage guide rod 11, so that the guide rod will not occur. Vertical instability, and then the multi-stage guide rod 11 is cut to absorb energy; the rear end of the energy absorbing baffle 4 and the front end of the mounting seat 7 are provided with a sleeve 18 and the multi-stage guide rod 11 are interference fit, and the front end of the sleeve 18 is provided with a collar 19; wherein, the collar is fixedly connected to the energy absorbing baffle 4, the rear end of the collar 19 and the sleeve 18 resist the axial force, the rear end of the sleeve 18 is welded to the energy absorbing device mounting seat 7, and the front side of the mounting seat 7 and the four corners around the sleeve 18 are evenly distributed with secondary spring mounting seats 17, the tail ends of the four secondary springs 16 are fixed with the secondary spring mounting seats 17, and the front ends are respectively fixed with the four secondary spring mounting seats 17 on the back of the square energy absorbing baffle 4; vertical stiffness is maintained during collision; a crush tube 6 is provided between the energy absorbing baffle 4 and the energy absorbing device mounting seat 7;The crush tube 6 is divided into two parts, upper and lower, which are welded and connected. Several rectangular induction holes 8 are provided at the corners of the crush tube 6. When absorbing energy, the thin-walled structure will produce a large resistance. With the induction holes 8, the buckling of the structure will develop along the induced defects to reduce the impact resistance and improve the energy absorption characteristics of the structure.

[0025] When a collision occurs, the sawtooth anti-climbing device 1 will first be fully engaged, and the inner groove 20 will clamp the outer convex tooth 12, thereby limiting the vertical and lateral movement of the energy absorption device to ensure that the entire device will not become unstable; the multi-stage guide rod 11 has a cutting layer 15 attached to its front end, and the sawtooth anti-climbing device 1 drives the multi-stage guide rod 11 to move to the rear end, and the tool 10 installed on the cylindrical tool mounting frame 5 cuts the multi-stage guide rod 11 to absorb energy, and the first stage of energy absorption begins; at the same time, the first stage spring 2 begins to compress and deform, providing vertical stiffness while also ensuring Increasing the impedance increases the energy absorption efficiency; while the first stage of energy absorption is in progress, the middle part of the multi-stage guide rod 11 is fixed with the aid of the tool 10 and is connected with the inner diameter of the cylindrical tool mounting frame 5, the through hole in the center of the energy absorption partition 4, and the inner diameter of the sleeve 19 by clearance fit, so that the multi-stage guide rod 11 can slide freely between the cylindrical tool mounting frame 5, the energy absorption partition 4, and the sleeve 19; the rear end of the multi-stage guide rod 11 serves as the inner push rod of the second stage of energy absorption system, and can generate friction with the sleeve 18 while cutting and absorbing energy to convert mechanical energy into internal energy for release; The rear end of the multi-stage guide rod 11 is pre-installed in the sleeve 18 with interference fit; at the same time, the multi-stage guide rod 11 will move along the center line of the cylindrical tool mounting frame 5, the energy absorbing baffle 4, and the collar 19 when impacting, so that the sleeve 18 will expand and deform to absorb the impact kinetic energy, and the second stage of energy absorption begins at this time; at the same time, the secondary spring 16 begins to compress and absorb energy, and the secondary spring 16 mainly ensures the smooth expansion and absorption of the thin-walled sleeve 18 and the smooth crushing process of the crushing tube 6; the crushing tube 6 is divided into two parts, the upper and lower parts, which are welded and connected to ensure the simplicity of the process. At the same time, it also ensures the maximization of energy absorption efficiency. Several rectangular induction holes 8 are provided at the corners of the crush tube 6. When absorbing energy, the thin-walled structure will produce greater resistance. With the induction holes 8, the shell between adjacent holes will produce wrinkles, and the impact energy is mainly absorbed by the plastic deformation energy of the edge, thereby greatly reducing the instantaneous impact force of the vehicle body; the mounting seat 7 is installed on the end beam of the vehicle frame by bolts 13, and produces relative displacement with the serrated anti-climber 1 during the compression energy absorption process, providing vertical stiffness to ensure the smooth progress of the energy absorption process.

[0026] Furthermore, the tool 10 has a rake angle in the range of 0 to 10° and a back angle in the range of 3 to 12°; the rake angle affects the cutting force during the cutting process. Increasing the rake angle of the tool can reduce the cutting force, but an increase in the rake angle of the tool will reduce the strength of the cutting edge and the tool head, and the tool head is prone to chipping during cutting; the back angle affects the friction between the back face of the tool and the machined surface. Increasing the back angle can reduce the friction between the back face and the machined surface, but the larger the back angle, the sharper the cutting edge, and the weaker the strength of the cutting edge and the tool head; during the cutting process, the cutting depth can be selected in the range of 1 to 10 mm, which is determined based on the actual energy absorption situation to ensure that the cutting process absorbs sufficient energy.

[0027] The specific implementation modes of the present invention do not constitute limitations on the scope of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements that can be made by professionals in the field within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rail vehicle energy absorption and anti-climbing device, comprising a sawtooth anti-climbing device (1), a crushing tube (6), a mounting seat (7) provided with a bolt hole (14), a tool and a mounting frame thereof, wherein the rear end of a sleeve (18) is fixed to the front center of the mounting seat (7), and characterized in that: The outer ring of the center line of the wall thickness of the front end face of the sleeve (18) contacts the rear end face of the collar (19) with a flange, the outer diameter of the cylindrical tool mounting frame (5) with a flange matches the inner diameter of the collar (19), and the cylindrical tail end of the cylindrical tool mounting frame (5) passes through the through hole in the center of the square energy absorbing baffle (4) and contacts the inner ring of the center line of the wall thickness of the front end face of the sleeve (18); the secondary spring mounting seats (17) are evenly distributed in the four corners around the sleeve (18) on the front side of the mounting seat (7), the tail ends of the four secondary springs (16) are all matched and fixed with the secondary spring mounting seats (17), and the front ends are respectively matched and fixed with the four secondary spring mounting seats (17) on the back side of the square energy absorbing baffle (4); the secondary spring (16) is arranged outside the energy absorbing baffle (4) and the mounting seat (7). A crushing tube (6) is provided; the back of the sawtooth anti-climbing device (1) is a square flat plate structure, and the first-level spring mounting seats (9) are evenly distributed in the four corners; the front end of the multi-level guide rod (11) is connected to the center position of the back of the sawtooth anti-climbing device (1) by welding, and the other end of the multi-level guide rod (11) is interference fit with the inner diameter of the sleeve (18); the first-level spring mounting seats (9) are evenly distributed in the four corners of the front of the energy absorbing partition (4); the front end of the first-level spring (2) is matched and fixed with the first-level spring mounting seat (9) on the back of the sawtooth anti-climbing device (1), and the rear end is matched and fixed with the first-level spring mounting seat (9) in front of the energy absorbing partition (4); the cylindrical tool mounting frame (5) is bolted to the energy absorbing partition (4) through the bolt holes (14) on the flange; the cylindrical tool mounting frame (5) has the tools (10) evenly distributed along the inner diameter of the cylinder.

2. The energy absorption and anti-climbing device for rail vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tooth plate of the sawtooth anti-climbing device (1) is a structure in which teeth and grooves are arranged in rows at equal intervals, and the tooth plate of the anti-climbing device is provided with inner grooves (20) and outer protruding teeth (12) at equal intervals.

3. The energy absorption and anti-climbing device for rail vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage guide rod (11) is provided with a cutting layer (15) at the front end of the tool (10).

4. The energy absorption and anti-climbing device for rail vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical tool mounting frame (5) is provided with a tool adjustment mechanism along the X-axis and Y-axis directions and the inclination angle; the front angle of the tool (10) is in the range of 0 to 10°, and the back angle is in the range of 3 to 12°.

5. The energy absorption and anti-climbing device for rail vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sleeve (18) is an expandable thin-wall energy-absorbing tube, the inner wall of which is interference-fitted with the multi-stage guide rod (11), and a cavity is formed at the rear.

6. The energy absorption and anti-climbing device for rail vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crush tube (6) is made of an aluminum honeycomb material and is composed of an upper and a lower part welded together to form a square structure with induction holes (8) provided at the four corners.

7. The energy absorption and anti-climbing device for rail vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage guide rod (11) is connected with the inner diameter of the cylindrical tool mounting frame (5), the through hole in the center of the energy absorbing partition (4) with bolt holes (14) at four corners, and the inner diameter of the collar (19) by clearance fit.

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