A step-type template for vertical shaft construction based on hydraulic drive and its working method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hydraulically driven stepping formwork for vertical shaft construction and a working method thereof, which comprises two major parts: an upper support shoe part, which is used to support or detach the upper support shoe from the concrete shaft wall by extending or retracting the piston rod of the support shoe cylinder, and a template part, which is used to move the template downward or upward by extending or retracting the piston rod of the stepping cylinder. At the same time, the extension and contraction of the template support cylinder in the template can press and demould when the shaft wall concrete is poured. The alternating action combination of the support shoe cylinder, the stepping cylinder and the support cylinder realizes the automatic cycle of the vertical shaft construction process. The present invention can well adapt to the harsh operating environment of deep wells and improve the efficiency and safety reliability of vertical shaft construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction in mines, and in particular to a hydraulically driven vertical shaft construction stepping template and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the process of mine shaft excavation, the templates supporting reinforced concrete are mostly moved manually. After each distance of concrete pouring, the template is moved manually. This operation mode takes a long time and greatly restricts the speed of shaft excavation. At the same time, the labor intensity of workers is high, and the life safety of workers is threatened due to the extremely harsh working environment of deep shafts. There are still certain shortcomings in the current related schemes: the hydraulic step-by-step shaft template support device (CN102305076A) has low system integration, inconvenient installation and debugging, low overall efficiency, and cannot form a working cycle; the step-by-step hydraulic operation integral metal template (CN101660421A) adopts a stepping ring structure, which makes the operation complicated and inefficient; the vertical shaft non-suspended segmented step-by-step downward integral metal template (CN107083976A) can only be moved through longitudinal support guidance and cannot avoid the circumferential movement of the upper and lower templates during movement.

[0003] Based on the above situation, there is an urgent need for a hydraulically driven step-type formwork for vertical shaft construction that can adapt to harsh operating environments and can automatically move the frame. At the same time, it can adapt to installation errors and deformation of mechanical structures in harsh environments, thereby greatly shortening the frame moving time, reducing the labor intensity of workers, increasing the speed of vertical shaft excavation, and enhancing work safety and reliability to ensure the safety of workers' lives. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a step-type formwork for vertical shaft construction and a working method thereof, which has the advantages of adapting to harsh operating environments, high vertical shaft excavation efficiency, and high working safety and reliability.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A step-type template for vertical shaft construction based on hydraulic drive, comprising a pair of upper support shoes and a pair of templates, the upper support shoes and the templates are both semicircular arc structures, the two upper support shoes form a ring body with a similar inner diameter to the vertical shaft, and the two templates form a ring body with a similar inner diameter to the vertical shaft; a support shoe tightening oil cylinder is provided at the joint of the two upper support shoes, and a template tightening oil cylinder is provided at the joint of the two upper templates, and the support shoe tightening oil cylinder and the template tightening oil cylinder on the same side of the two upper support shoes and the two templates are in the same longitudinal position; between the inner ring of the upper support shoe and the inner ring of the template A stepping cylinder is provided; a lower supporting part is separately provided at the lower part of the template, and a concrete pouring gap is provided between the outer ring of the template and the concrete well wall; a longitudinal guide rail is also provided on the template, and a guide wheel adjustment mechanism matching the guide rail is provided on the upper support shoe, and the guide wheel adjustment mechanism includes a guide wheel, a guide wheel bracket, and a spring adjustment device, one end of the spring adjustment device is fixedly mounted on the template, the guide wheel bracket is located at the other end of the spring adjustment device, and the guide wheel is mounted on the guide wheel bracket; the guide wheels of the two guide wheel adjustment mechanisms clamp a guide rail together.

[0007] As a further preferred solution, an upper end flange of a stepping cylinder is provided on the inner ring of the upper support shoe, a lower end flange of a stepping cylinder is provided on the inner ring of the template, and both ends of the stepping cylinder are respectively hinged to the upper end flange of the stepping cylinder and the lower end flange of the stepping cylinder.

[0008] As a further preferred solution, it comprises at least three pairs of upper support shoes arranged in parallel, at least four pairs of templates arranged in parallel, and a template connecting flange is provided between two upper and lower adjacent templates.

[0009] As a further preferred solution, at least two guide rails are installed on one template.

[0010] As a further preferred solution, a pouring funnel is provided at the upper edge of the template, and concrete is poured into the concrete pouring gap through the pouring funnel.

[0011] A working method of a step-type formwork for vertical shaft construction based on hydraulic drive, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Control the support shoe tightening cylinder to extend the piston rod of the support shoe tightening cylinder, so that the upper support shoe tightens the concrete well wall, providing a sufficiently large supporting force for the downward movement of the template. At this time, the piston rods of the stepping cylinder are all in the upper limit position, and the template is placed at the bottom of the well;

[0013] Step 2: Dig down to the bottom of the well. The digging depth is consistent with the maximum length of the stepping cylinder. The status of the upper support shoe and the template remains unchanged.

[0014] Step 3: The states of the support shoe tightening cylinder and the upper support shoe remain unchanged, and the template tightening cylinder is controlled to retract the piston rod of the template tightening cylinder to realize the separation of the template from the concrete well wall;

[0015] Step 4: With the upper support shoe as the fulcrum, operate the stepping cylinder to extend the piston rod of the stepping cylinder to the lower limit position, so as to realize the downward movement of the template relative to the upper support shoe until the lower support part is placed on the bottom of the well, control the template tightening cylinder to extend the piston rod of the template tightening cylinder by a certain distance, and extend the piston rod of the template tightening cylinder slightly to realize the template alignment;

[0016] Step 5: After the template is aligned, pour concrete from the pouring funnel, control the template tightening cylinder to retract the piston rod of the template tightening cylinder, so that the template is separated from the concrete well wall, and prepare for the downward movement of the template relative to the upper support shoe;

[0017] Step 6: With the formwork as the fulcrum, control the stepping cylinder so that the piston rod of the stepping cylinder is retracted to the upper limit position, so that the upper support shoe moves downward relative to the formwork, and the relative position of the upper support shoe and the formwork is consistent with the initial state. At this time, control the support shoe tightening cylinder again to extend the piston rod of the support shoe tightening cylinder, so that the upper support shoe tightens the concrete well wall. After waiting for the concrete to solidify, the next working cycle can be carried out.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. It can adapt well to the harsh operating environment of deep wells. 2. It can improve the efficiency of vertical shaft excavation. 3. It can enhance the safety and reliability of work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a top view of the upper boot in a tightened state;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of middle Ⅰ;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a partial enlarged view of the upper support shoe in a retracted state;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a top view of the template in a tightened state;

[0024] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of middle Ⅱ;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a partial enlarged view of the template in the retracted state;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the present invention;

[0027] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the vertical shaft after excavation;

[0028] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the contracted state of the piston rod of the template tightening cylinder;

[0029] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the piston rod of the stepping cylinder in the extended state;

[0030] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the concrete pouring state after the template is aligned;

[0031] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the piston rod retracted state of the stepping cylinder;

[0032] In the figure: 1-upper support shoe; 2-support shoe tightening cylinder; 3-upper end flange of stepping cylinder; 4-stepping cylinder; 5-template; 6-template tightening cylinder; 7-lower end flange of stepping cylinder; 8-concrete well wall; 9-pouring funnel; 10-template connecting flange; 11-ball joint; 12-guide rail; 13-guide rail flange; 14-guide wheel; 15-guide wheel bracket; 16-spring adjustment device, 17-lower supporting part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments in the accompanying drawings.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, a walking formwork for vertical shaft construction based on hydraulic drive of the present invention comprises two major parts in structure: one is the upper support shoe part, the extension or retraction of the piston rod of the support shoe cylinder 2 enables the two upper support shoes 1 to move away from or towards each other, thereby tightening the concrete shaft wall 8 or detaching from the concrete shaft wall 8; the second is the walking formwork part, the extension or retraction of the piston rod of the walking cylinder 4 drives the formwork 5 to move downward; at the same time, the extension and retraction of the formwork tightening cylinder 2 in the formwork 5 can press and demould when the shaft wall concrete is poured; the alternating action combination of the support shoe cylinder, the walking cylinder and the tightening cylinder realizes the automatic cycle of the vertical shaft construction process.

[0035] The upper shoe part includes an upper shoe 1, three groups of shoe tightening cylinders 2 (two in each group), the upper end flange 3 of the stepping cylinder, and a guide wheel adjustment mechanism. The upper shoe 1 is a split ring structure. When tightening the concrete well wall 8, the upper shoe 1 provides a sufficiently large supporting force for the up and down movement of the template 5, playing a supporting and fixing role. The two ends of the shoe tightening cylinder 2 connect the split structure of the upper shoe 1 together in the upper shoe 1. The extension or retraction of the piston rod of the shoe tightening cylinder 2 changes the circumference of the upper shoe 1, so that the upper shoe 1 tightens the concrete well wall 8 or detaches from the concrete well wall 8. The upper end flange 3 of the stepping cylinder is fixed to the inner wall of the upper shoe 1 by bolts. The guide wheel adjustment mechanism includes a guide wheel 14, a guide wheel bracket 15, a spring adjustment device 16, etc., and its function is to adjust the gap between the guide wheel 15 and the guide rail 12 through the spring adjustment device 16. In the spring adjustment device 16 , the operating knob is adjusted to make the spring shaft move up and down in the guide sleeve, pushing the guide wheel bracket 15 to drive the guide wheel 14 to move relative to the guide rail 12 , thereby eliminating the gap between the guide wheel 14 and the guide rail 12 .

[0036] The stepping formwork part includes a formwork 5 (four pieces), a formwork connecting flange 10, a stepping cylinder lower end flange 7, four groups of stepping cylinders 4 (one in each group), four groups of formwork tightening cylinders 6 (one in each group), a ball joint 11, a pouring funnel 9, a guide rail 12, and a guide rail flange 13. The formwork 5 (four pieces) is fixedly connected in sequence through the formwork connecting flange 10, and plays a temporary support role when pouring concrete. The stepping cylinder lower end flange 7 is fixed to the inner wall of the formwork 5 by bolts. The upper end of the stepping cylinder 4 is connected to the upper end flange 3 of the stepping cylinder by a ball joint 11. The lower end of the stepping cylinder 4 is connected to the lower end of the stepping cylinder The end flange 7 is also connected by a ball joint 11 to ensure that when the upper support shoe 1 or the template 5 is retracted, the stepping cylinder 4 rotates relative to the upper end flange 3 of the stepping cylinder and the lower end flange 7 of the stepping cylinder around the ball center. In addition, the template 5 moves downward or upward by extending or retracting the piston rod of the stepping cylinder 4. The two ends of the template tightening cylinder 6 respectively connect the split circular structure template 5 into a ring. The template 5 is aligned and the circumference is adjusted by the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the template tightening cylinder 6, and the template 5 is separated from the concrete well wall 8 by the retraction of its piston rod. The pouring funnel 9 can pour concrete after the template 5 is aligned. The guide flange 13 is used to connect the guide rail 12 with the inner wall of the template 5. The two sides of the guide rail 12 are in contact with the guide wheels 14. The movement of the upper support shoe 1 or the template 5 causes the guide wheels 14 to roll on both sides of the guide rail 12. When the ball joint 11 is used, the upper support shoe 1 and the template 5 are prevented from rotating relative to each other.

[0037] The outer circles of several templates 5 are sealed and spliced ​​with each other. The lower supporting part 17 is located below the lowest template 5 and moves in the vertical shaft. When the template 5 is positioned and there is a gap between it and the concrete shaft wall 8, the lower supporting part 17 also presses against the concrete shaft wall 8. At this time, concrete is injected from the top to keep the concrete in the gap and wait for the concrete to solidify.

[0038] A step-type formwork for vertical shaft construction based on hydraulic drive, its working principle is as follows:

[0039] 1. Control the support shoe tightening cylinder 2 to extend the piston rod of the support shoe tightening cylinder 2, so that the upper support shoe 1 can tighten the concrete well wall 8, providing a sufficiently large supporting force for the downward movement of the template 5. At this time, the piston rods of the four groups of stepping cylinders 4 (one in each group) are all at the upper limit position, and the template 5 is placed at the bottom of the well. Figure 8 As shown;

[0040] 2. When digging downwards from the bottom of the well, the stroke of the stepping cylinder 4 is consistent with the depth of one digging, the state of the upper support shoe 1 and the template 5 remains unchanged, and the lower support part 17 is lowered to the newly formed working surface during the excavation process. Fig. 9 As shown;

[0041] 3. The states of the support shoe tightening cylinder 2 and the upper support shoe 1 remain unchanged, and the template tightening cylinder 6 is controlled to retract the piston rod of the template tightening cylinder 6, so that the template 5 is separated from the concrete well wall 8. Fig.10 As shown;

[0042] 4. With the upper support shoe 1 as the fulcrum, operate the stepping cylinder 4 to extend the piston rod of the stepping cylinder 4 to the lower limit position, so that the template 5 moves downward relative to the upper support shoe 1, and control the template tightening cylinder 6 to extend the piston rod of the template tightening cylinder 6 to a certain distance. The piston rod of the template tightening cylinder 6 extends slightly to achieve the alignment of the template 5, such as Fig.11 As shown;

[0043] 5. After the template 5 is aligned, pouring of concrete begins from the pouring funnel 9, and the support shoe tightening cylinder 2 is controlled to retract the piston rod of the support shoe tightening cylinder 2, so that the upper support shoe 1 is separated from the concrete well wall 8, and prepares for the downward movement of the upper support shoe 1 relative to the template 5. Fig.12 As shown;

[0044] 6. At the same time, with the template 5 as the fulcrum, the stepping cylinder 4 is controlled to retract the piston rod of the stepping cylinder 4 to the upper limit position, so that the upper support shoe 1 moves downward relative to the template 5, so that the relative position of the upper support shoe 1 and the template 5 is consistent with the initial state. At this time, the support shoe tightening cylinder 2 is controlled again to extend the piston rod of the support shoe tightening cylinder 2, so that the upper support shoe 1 tightens the concrete well wall 8. After waiting for the concrete to solidify, the next working cycle can be carried out. Fig.13 As shown;

[0045] When the overall structure is installed, the operating knob is adjusted in the spring adjustment device 16 to make the spring shaft move up and down in the guide sleeve, pushing the guide wheel bracket 15 to drive the guide wheel 14 to move relative to the guide rail 12, thereby eliminating the gap between the guide wheel 14 and the guide rail 12. When the stepping cylinder 4 is extended or retracted, the guide wheel 14 rolls on the contact surface of the guide rail, limiting the circumferential movement of the upper support shoe 1 or the template 5.

[0046] During operation, the positive pressure between the upper support shoe 1 and the well wall 8 can be adjusted by the driving system when the upper support shoe 1 is lowered, so that the upper support shoe 1 and the stepping cylinder 4 are subjected to an upward pulling force, thereby preventing the stepping cylinder 4 from being compressed and causing the piston rod to rotate.

[0047] Preferably, the arrangement quantity of the shoe holding cylinder 2 , the stepping cylinder 4 , the tightening cylinder 6 , the guide rail 12 , and the guide wheel adjustment mechanism can be flexibly selected according to the size and weight of the template 5 .

[0048] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A working method of a step-type template for vertical shaft construction based on hydraulic drive, the step-type template for vertical shaft construction comprising a pair of upper support shoes (1) and a pair of templates (5), the upper support shoes (1) and the templates (5) are both semicircular arc structures, the two upper support shoes (1) form a ring body with a similar inner diameter to the vertical shaft, and the two templates (5) form a ring body with a similar inner diameter to the vertical shaft; a support shoe tightening cylinder (2) is provided at the joint of the two upper support shoes (1), and a template tightening cylinder (6) is provided at the joint of the two templates (5); the support shoe tightening cylinder (2) and the template tightening cylinder (6) on the same side of the two upper support shoes (1) and the two templates (5) are in the same longitudinal position; a stepping cylinder (4) is provided between the inner ring of the upper support shoes (1) and the inner ring of the template (5); the lower part of the template (5) is provided with a lower supporting part ( 17), a concrete pouring gap is formed between the outer ring of the template (5) and the concrete well wall (8); the template (5) is also provided with a longitudinal guide rail (12); the upper support shoe (1) is provided with a guide wheel adjustment mechanism that matches the guide rail (12); the guide wheel adjustment mechanism comprises a guide wheel (14), a guide wheel bracket (15), and a spring adjustment device (16); one end of the spring adjustment device (16) is fixedly mounted on the template (5); the guide wheel bracket (15) is located at the other end of the spring adjustment device (16); the guide wheels (14) of the two guide wheel adjustment mechanisms clamp a guide rail (12) together; a pouring funnel (9) is provided at the upper edge of the template (5); concrete is poured into the concrete pouring gap through the pouring funnel (9); It is characterized in that The working method includes the following steps: Step 1: Control the support shoe tightening cylinder (2) to extend the piston rod of the support shoe tightening cylinder (2), so that the upper support shoe (1) tightens the concrete well wall (8) to provide a sufficiently large supporting force for the downward movement of the template (5). At this time, the piston rods of the stepping cylinder (4) are all in the upper limit position, and the template (5) is placed at the bottom of the well; Step 2: excavating the well bottom downwards, the stroke of the stepping cylinder (4) is consistent with the excavation depth, the upper support shoe (1) and the template (5) remain unchanged, and the lower support part (17) is lowered to the newly formed working surface during the excavation process; Step 3: The states of the support shoe tightening cylinder (2) and the upper support shoe (1) remain unchanged, and the template tightening cylinder (6) is controlled to retract the piston rod of the template tightening cylinder (6), so that the template (5) is separated from the concrete well wall (8); Step 4: With the upper support shoe (1) as a fulcrum, operate the stepping cylinder (4) so ​​that the piston rod of the stepping cylinder (4) extends to the lower limit position, thereby realizing the downward movement of the template (5) relative to the upper support shoe (1), and control the template tightening cylinder (6) so that the piston rod of the template tightening cylinder (6) extends a certain distance, and the piston rod of the template tightening cylinder (6) extends slightly, thereby realizing the alignment of the template (5); Step 5: After the template (5) is aligned, concrete is poured from the pouring funnel (9), and the support shoe tightening cylinder (2) is controlled to retract the piston rod of the support shoe tightening cylinder (2), so that the upper support shoe (1) is separated from the concrete well wall (8), preparing for the upper support shoe (1) to move downward relative to the template (5); Step 6: At the same time, the template (5) is used as a fulcrum to control the stepping cylinder (4) so ​​that the piston rod of the stepping cylinder (4) is retracted to the upper limit position, so that the upper support shoe (1) moves downward relative to the template (5) so that the relative position of the upper support shoe (1) and the template (5) is consistent with the initial state. At this time, the support shoe tightening cylinder (2) is controlled again so that the piston rod of the support shoe tightening cylinder (2) is extended, so that the upper support shoe (1) tightens the concrete well wall (8). After waiting for the concrete to solidify, the next working cycle can be carried out; When the overall structure is installed, the operating knob is adjusted in the spring adjustment device to make the spring shaft move up and down in the guide sleeve, pushing the guide wheel bracket to drive the guide wheel to move relative to the guide rail, thereby eliminating the gap between the guide wheel and the guide rail; when the stepping cylinder is extended or retracted, the guide wheel rolls on the contact surface of the guide rail, limiting the circumferential movement of the upper support shoe or template.

2. A working method of a hydraulically driven vertical shaft construction step formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner ring of the upper support shoe (1) is provided with an upper end flange (3) of the stepping cylinder, the inner ring of the template (5) is provided with a lower end flange (7) of the stepping cylinder, and the two ends of the stepping cylinder (4) are respectively hinged to the upper end flange (3) of the stepping cylinder and the lower end flange (7) of the stepping cylinder.

3. A working method of a hydraulically driven vertical shaft construction step formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises at least three pairs of upper support shoes (1) arranged in parallel, at least four pairs of templates (5) arranged in parallel, and a template connecting flange (10) is provided between two upper and lower adjacent templates (5).

4. A working method of a hydraulically driven step-type formwork for shaft construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two guide rails (12) are installed on a template (5).

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