Capacitor Circuit and Capacitor Device

Abstract

A capacitor circuit and a capacitor device, wherein the capacitor circuit realizes a charging path for controlling an external power supply to charge a supercapacitor bank according to the input voltage of a switching circuit, the voltage of the supercapacitor bank, and a preset voltage by adding a switching circuit and a switch controller. Thus, during charging, the voltage of the supercapacitor bank is controlled in real time according to the input voltage of the switching circuit and the preset voltage, so that even when the input voltage of the switching circuit is relatively high, it is ensured that the voltage of the supercapacitor bank does not exceed the preset voltage, solving the problem in the traditional technical solution that when the input voltage of the charging circuit is relatively high, the charging voltage of the supercapacitor bank is uncontrollable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of charge and discharge, and in particular relates to a capacitor circuit and a capacitor device. Background Art

[0002] At present, in traditional supercapacitor bank applications, charging and reverse discharge are generally performed through a constant current charging chip. However, this method is only applicable when the input voltage of the charging circuit is low. When the input voltage of the charging circuit is high, the charging circuit cannot ensure that the charging voltage of the supercapacitor bank does not exceed the preset voltage.

[0003] Therefore, the conventional technical solution has the problem that the charging voltage of the supercapacitor group is uncontrollable when the input voltage of the charging circuit is high. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a capacitor circuit and a capacitor device, aiming to solve the problem in traditional technical solutions that the charging voltage of a supercapacitor group is uncontrollable when the input voltage of the charging circuit is high.

[0005] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a capacitor circuit, comprising: a switch circuit and a switch controller;

[0006] When the input voltage of the switch circuit is greater than a preset voltage and the voltage of the supercapacitor group is less than the preset voltage, the switch controller controls the switch circuit to be turned on;

[0007] When the input voltage of the switch circuit is greater than the preset voltage and the voltage of the supercapacitor group is equal to the preset voltage, the switch controller controls the switch circuit to be cut off;

[0008] When the input voltage of the switch circuit is less than or equal to the preset voltage, and the voltage of the supercapacitor group is less than the input voltage of the switch circuit, the switch controller controls the switch circuit to be turned on;

[0009] When the input voltage of the switch circuit is less than or equal to the preset voltage, and the voltage of the supercapacitor group is equal to the input voltage of the switch circuit, the switch controller controls the switch circuit to be turned off.

[0010] A second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a capacitance device, comprising: a switching circuit and a switch controller. The input end of the switching circuit is used to connect to the positive pole of an external power supply, the output end of the switching circuit is used to connect to a supercapacitor bank, the first input end of the switch controller is connected to the input end of the switching circuit, the output end of the switch controller is connected to the control end of the switching circuit, and the switch controller is used to control the switching circuit to conduct or cut off according to the input voltage of the switching circuit, the voltage of the supercapacitor bank, and a preset voltage.

[0011] In the above capacitance circuit, by adding a switching circuit and a switch controller, a charging path for controlling the external power supply to charge the supercapacitor bank according to the input voltage of the switching circuit, the voltage of the supercapacitor bank, and a preset voltage is realized. Thus, when charging, the voltage of the supercapacitor bank is controlled in real time according to the input voltage of the switching circuit and the preset voltage, so that even when the input voltage of the switching circuit is relatively high, the voltage of the supercapacitor bank is ensured not to exceed the preset voltage, solving the problem in the traditional technical solution that when the input voltage of the charging circuit is relatively high, the charging voltage of the supercapacitor bank is uncontrollable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0013] Figure 1 It is a circuit schematic diagram of a capacitance circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 For Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the processing flow of the capacitance circuit shown;

[0015] Figure 3 For Figure 2 It is a circuit schematic diagram when the capacitance circuit shown further includes a discharge circuit;

[0016] Figure 4 For Figure 2 It is a circuit schematic diagram when the capacitance circuit shown further includes a supercapacitor bank;

[0017] Figure 5 It is a circuit schematic diagram of a capacitance device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 6 For Figure 5 It is a circuit schematic diagram when the capacitance device shown further includes a discharge circuit;

[0019] Figure 7 When Figure 6 the capacitor device shown further includes a supercapacitor bank, the circuit schematic diagram;

[0020] Figure 8 When [[ID=A]] Figure 7 [[ID=B]]the circuit schematic diagram of the supercapacitor bank of the capacitor device shown; [[ID=C]] [[ID=D]]

[0021] [[ID=E]] Figure 9 [[ID=F]]When Figure 7 the capacitor device shown further includes a sampling circuit, the circuit schematic diagram;

[0022] Figure 10 When Figure 9 the capacitor device shown further includes an overcurrent protection circuit, the circuit schematic diagram;

[0023] Figure 11 When Figure 10 the capacitor device shown further includes an anti-reverse connection circuit, the circuit schematic diagram;

[0023] Figure 11 When Figure 10 the capacitor device shown further includes an input filter circuit, the circuit schematic diagram;

[0024] Figure 12 When Figure 11 the capacitor device shown further includes a voltage judgment circuit, the circuit schematic diagram;

[0025] Figure 13 When Figure 12 the capacitor device shown further includes a voltage judgment circuit, the circuit schematic diagram;

[0026] Figure 14 When Figure 13 the example circuit schematic diagram of the voltage judgment circuit of the capacitor device shown;

[0027] Figure 15 When Figure 12 the example circuit schematic diagram of each circuit in the capacitor device shown. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 , the circuit schematic diagram of the capacitor circuit provided by the embodiment of the present invention. For the convenience of description, only the parts related to this embodiment are shown and are described in detail as follows:

[0030] In this embodiment, the capacitive circuit includes: a switching circuit 20 and a switch controller 30; the switch controller 30 controls the switching circuit 20 to conduct or cut off according to the input voltage of the switching circuit 20, the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10, and a preset voltage.

[0031] Optionally, the input terminal of the switching circuit 20 is externally connected to a power supply, the output terminal of the switching circuit 20 is used to connect to the supercapacitor bank 10, the control terminal of the switching circuit 20 is connected to the switch controller 30, and the switching circuit 20 conducts under the control of the switch controller 30 so that the power supply charges the supercapacitor bank 10, or cuts off under the control of the switch controller 30, thereby interrupting the connection path between the power supply and the supercapacitor bank 10, and thus stopping the power supply from charging the supercapacitor bank 10.

[0032] It should be understood that the switch controller 30 can obtain the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 through devices such as a sampling circuit and a voltage measurer that can acquire voltage. Among them, the sampling circuit can be composed of a sampling resistor, and the voltage measurer can be a voltmeter or a voltage sensor, etc.; the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is the voltage collected in real time; the preset voltage is a preset voltage independently set by the user according to requirements.

[0033] The switch controller 30 controls the switching circuit 20 to conduct or cut off according to the input voltage of the switching circuit 20, the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10, and the preset voltage, which specifically includes: when the input voltage of the switching circuit 20 is greater than the preset voltage and the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is less than the preset voltage, the switch controller 30 controls the switching circuit 20 to conduct; when the input voltage of the switching circuit 20 is greater than the preset voltage and the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is equal to the preset voltage, the switch controller 30 controls the switching circuit 20 to cut off; when the input voltage of the switching circuit 20 is less than or equal to the preset voltage and the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is less than the input voltage of the switching circuit 20, the switch controller 30 controls the switching circuit 20 to conduct; when the input voltage of the switching circuit 20 is less than or equal to the preset voltage and the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is equal to the input voltage of the switching circuit 20, the switch controller 30 controls the switching circuit 20 to cut off.

[0034] For ease of understanding, please refer to Figure 2 One specific control step of the above switch controller 30 for the switching circuit 20 can be exemplified as follows:

[0035] Step S100: The switch controller 30 compares the input voltage of the switching circuit 20 with the preset voltage.

[0036] It should be understood that the magnitude of the input voltage of the switching circuit 20 can be compared with a preset voltage through a voltage comparator; alternatively, the input voltage and the preset voltage of the switching circuit 20 can be transmitted to the host computer 30, and the host computer 30 can compare the magnitudes of the two by taking the difference or quotient of the input voltage and the preset voltage of the switching circuit 20.

[0037] Step S200: When the input voltage of the switching circuit 20 is greater than the preset voltage, determine whether the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is less than the preset voltage. If the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is less than the preset voltage, the switch controller 30 controls the switching circuit 20 to conduct; if the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is not less than the preset voltage, the switch controller 30 controls the switching circuit 20 to cut off.

[0038] Step S300: When the input voltage of the switching circuit 20 is less than or equal to the preset voltage, determine whether the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is less than the input voltage of the switching circuit 20. If the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is less than the input voltage of the switching circuit 20, the switch controller 30 controls the switching circuit 20 to conduct; if the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is not less than the input voltage of the switching circuit 20, the switch controller 30 controls the switching circuit 20 to cut off.

[0039] It should be understood that in the capacitor circuit of this embodiment, by collecting the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 in real time, the relationship among the input voltage of the switching circuit 20, the preset voltage, and the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is judged, and the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is controlled in real time, so as to avoid the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 exceeding the input voltage of the switching circuit 20 or the preset voltage. During charging, the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is controlled in real time, so that even when the input voltage of the switching circuit 20 is relatively high, the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is ensured not to exceed the preset voltage, solving the problem in the traditional technical solution that when the input voltage of the charging circuit is relatively high, the charging voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is uncontrollable.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 3 , in one embodiment, the above capacitor circuit further includes: a discharging circuit 40, and the discharging circuit 40 is used to discharge the electric energy of the supercapacitor bank 10 according to a target current value.

[0041] Optionally, the input end of the discharging circuit 40 is used to connect to the positive electrode of the supercapacitor bank 10, and the output end of the discharging circuit 40 is used to connect to the positive electrode of the external power supply 01. The discharging circuit 40 can be composed of a device or a circuit with fast discharging performance.

[0042] The discharge circuit 40 further includes a plurality of discharge devices connected in parallel. When only the discharge circuit 40 discharges, the total discharge current value of the plurality of discharge devices is approximately equal to the target current value. When the discharge circuit 40 discharges and the switching circuit 20 discharges reversely, the sum of the total discharge current value of the plurality of discharge devices and the current value of the reverse discharge of the switching circuit 20 is approximately equal to the target current value.

[0043] It should be understood that the discharge device can be a diode; approximately equal means that within the error value allowed by the circuit, the total discharge current value of the plurality of discharge devices is regarded as equal to the target current value, or the sum of the total discharge current value of the plurality of discharge devices and the current value of the reverse discharge of the switching circuit 20 in the direction is regarded as equal to the target current value. The total discharge current value or the sum of the total discharge current values is within the interval [target current value - error value, target current value + error value]. For example, when only the discharge circuit 40 discharges, if the error value is 0.5 A and the target current value is 25 A, the total discharge current value can be any value within 24.5 A to 25.5 A.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 4 , in one embodiment, the above-mentioned capacitor circuit further includes: a supercapacitor bank 10, the supercapacitor bank 10 includes a plurality of supercapacitor monomers, and the total rated voltage of the supercapacitor bank 10 is greater than the preset voltage. Optionally, each supercapacitor monomer can be composed of energy storage elements, such as energy storage batteries, energy storage capacitors, etc. Each supercapacitor monomer is connected in series.

[0045] In one embodiment, the above-mentioned supercapacitor bank 10 further includes: a plurality of voltage equalizing elements, and each voltage equalizing element equalizes the voltages of each supercapacitor monomer.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 5 , a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a capacitor device, including: a switching circuit 200 and a switch controller 300. The input end of the switching circuit 200 is used to connect to the positive electrode of an external power supply 02, the output end of the switching circuit 200 is used to connect to the supercapacitor bank 100, the first input end of the switch controller 300 is connected to the input end of the switching circuit 200, the output end of the switch controller 300 is connected to the control end of the switching circuit 200, and the switch controller 300 is used to control the switching circuit 200 to conduct or cut off according to the input voltage of the switching circuit 200, the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100, and the preset voltage.

[0047] Optionally, the switch controller 300 controls the conduction or cut-off of the switch circuit 200 according to the input voltage of the switch circuit 200, the voltage of the super capacitor bank 100, and a preset voltage, which specifically includes: when the input voltage of the switch circuit 200 is greater than the preset voltage and the voltage of the super capacitor bank 100 is less than the preset voltage, the switch controller 30 controls the switch circuit 200 to conduct; when the input voltage of the switch circuit 200 is greater than the preset voltage and the voltage of the super capacitor bank 100 is equal to the preset voltage, the switch controller 300 controls the switch circuit 200 to cut off; when the input voltage of the switch circuit 200 is less than or equal to the preset voltage and the voltage of the super capacitor bank 100 is less than the input voltage of the switch circuit 200, the switch controller 30 controls the switch circuit 200 to conduct; when the input voltage of the switch circuit 200 is less than or equal to the preset voltage and the voltage of the super capacitor bank 100 is equal to the input voltage of the switch circuit 200, the switch controller 300 controls the switch circuit 200 to cut off.

[0048] In the capacitor device of this embodiment, by adding the switch circuit 200 and the switch controller 300, a charging path for controlling the charging of the super capacitor bank 100 by the external power supply 02 according to the input voltage of the switch circuit 200, the voltage of the super capacitor bank 100, and the preset voltage is realized. Thus, when charging, the voltage of the super capacitor bank 100 is controlled in real time according to the input voltage of the switch circuit 200 and the preset voltage. Therefore, even when the input voltage of the switch circuit 200 is relatively high, it is ensured that the voltage of the super capacitor bank 100 does not exceed the preset voltage, solving the problem in the traditional technical solution that when the input voltage of the charging circuit is relatively high, the charging voltage of the super capacitor bank is uncontrollable.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 6 , in one embodiment, the above capacitor device further includes: a discharge circuit 400, the input end of the discharge circuit 400 is used to connect to the positive electrode of the super capacitor bank 100, and the output end of the discharge circuit 400 is used to connect to the positive electrode of the external power supply 02.

[0050] In one embodiment, the above discharge circuit 400 includes: a plurality of discharge devices, the positive electrodes of each discharge device are commonly connected as the input end of the discharge circuit 400, and the negative electrodes of each discharge device are commonly connected as the output end of the discharge circuit 400.

[0051] It should be understood that when only the discharge circuit 400 discharges, the total discharge current value of the plurality of discharge devices is approximately equal to the target current value. When the discharge circuit 400 discharges and the switch circuit 200 discharges reversely, the sum of the total discharge current value of the plurality of discharge devices and the current value of the reverse discharge of the switch circuit 200 is approximately equal to the target current value.

[0052] Please refer to Figure 7, in one embodiment, the above-mentioned capacitive device further includes a supercapacitor bank 100. The supercapacitor bank 100 is detachably connected to the switching circuit 200 and the discharging circuit 400. The output end of the switching circuit 200 is connected to the positive electrode of the supercapacitor bank 100, and the input end of the discharging circuit 400 is connected to the positive electrode of the supercapacitor bank 100.

[0053] In one embodiment, the above-mentioned supercapacitor bank 100 includes: a plurality of supercapacitor monomers, and each supercapacitor monomer is connected in series. The first end after the series connection of each supercapacitor monomer serves as the positive electrode of the supercapacitor bank 100, and the second end after the series connection of each supercapacitor monomer serves as the negative electrode of the supercapacitor bank 100.

[0054] In one embodiment, the above-mentioned supercapacitor bank 100 further includes a plurality of voltage equalizing elements. Each voltage equalizing element is respectively connected in parallel with each supercapacitor monomer, and each voltage equalizing element equalizes the voltage of each supercapacitor monomer.

[0055] For the sake of easy understanding, taking Figure 8 as an example, the connection relationship between the plurality of supercapacitor monomers and the plurality of voltage equalizing elements in the supercapacitor bank 100 is briefly described as follows: The supercapacitor bank 100 includes supercapacitor monomers C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, voltage equalizing elements R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16; the supercapacitor monomers C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, and C16 are connected in series. The first end of the supercapacitor monomer C11 serves as the positive electrode of the supercapacitor bank 100. The second end of the supercapacitor monomer C11 is connected to the first end of the supercapacitor monomer C12. The second end of the supercapacitor monomer C12 is connected to the first end of the supercapacitor monomer C13. The second end of the supercapacitor monomer C13 is connected to the first end of the supercapacitor monomer C14. The second end of the supercapacitor monomer C15 is connected to the first end of the supercapacitor monomer C16. The second end of the supercapacitor monomer C16 serves as the negative electrode of the supercapacitor bank 100; each voltage equalizing element is respectively connected in parallel with each supercapacitor monomer, that is, the voltage equalizing element R11 is connected in parallel with the supercapacitor monomer C11, the voltage equalizing element R12 is connected in parallel with the supercapacitor monomer C12, the voltage equalizing element R13 is connected in parallel with the supercapacitor monomer C13, the voltage equalizing element R14 is connected in parallel with the supercapacitor monomer C14, the voltage equalizing element R15 is connected in parallel with the supercapacitor monomer C15, and the voltage equalizing element R16 is connected in parallel with the supercapacitor monomer C16.

[0056] It should be understood that the total rated voltage of multiple supercapacitor monomers should be greater than the preset voltage, so that even if one or several supercapacitor monomers are damaged, the supercapacitor bank 100 can continue to operate normally, avoiding the situation where the charging voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 becomes too large due to the reduction of the capacity of the supercapacitor bank 100, which may damage the entire supercapacitor bank 100.

[0057] It should be understood that due to manufacturing process limitations, each supercapacitor monomer often cannot achieve exactly the same energy storage voltage. Therefore, in this embodiment, by adding multiple voltage equalizing elements, the voltages at both ends of each supercapacitor monomer can be made equal.

[0058] It should be understood that each supercapacitor monomer can be composed of an energy storage capacitor; each voltage equalizing element can be composed of a resistor. The voltage equalizing element composed of a resistor can also consume electrical energy. When the supercapacitor bank 100 needs to be repaired and is disassembled from the capacitor circuit, the remaining electrical energy of the supercapacitor bank 100 can be consumed through the voltage equalizing element, so that the electrical energy of the supercapacitor bank 100 becomes zero, avoiding the situation where maintenance personnel work with electricity.

[0059] In one embodiment, the supercapacitor bank 100 further includes a power display circuit. The first end of the power display circuit is connected to the positive electrode of the supercapacitor bank 100, and the second end of the power display circuit is connected to the negative electrode of the supercapacitor bank 100. The power display circuit is used to display whether the supercapacitor bank 100 has electricity.

[0060] It should be understood that the power display circuit includes a light-emitting diode. The positive electrode of the light-emitting diode serves as the first end of the power display circuit, and the negative electrode of the light-emitting diode serves as the second end of the power display circuit. When the supercapacitor bank 100 has electricity, the light-emitting diode lights up, and when the supercapacitor bank 100 has no electricity, the light-emitting diode goes out.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 9 , in one embodiment, the above-mentioned capacitor device further includes a sampling circuit 900. The input end of the sampling circuit 900 is used to be connected to the positive electrode of the supercapacitor bank 100, and the output end of the sampling circuit 900 is connected to the second input end of the switch controller 300. The sampling circuit 900 is used to collect the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100. It should be understood that the sampling circuit 900 can be composed of a circuit or circuits with voltage sampling functions, such as a sampling resistor.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 10, in one embodiment, the above-mentioned capacitive device further includes: an overcurrent protection circuit 500, which is connected in series between the positive pole of the external power supply 02 and the input end of the switch circuit 200. The overcurrent protection circuit 500 is used to reduce the circuit current and / or disconnect the connection between the external power supply 02, the switch circuit 200 and the discharge circuit 400 when the circuit current of the capacitive circuit is greater than the maximum allowable current.

[0063] Please refer to Figure 11 , in one embodiment, the above-mentioned capacitive device further includes: an anti-reverse connection circuit 600. The first end of the anti-reverse connection circuit 600 and the first end of the overcurrent protection circuit 500 are commonly connected as the positive end of the capacitive circuit, and the second end of the anti-reverse connection circuit 600 is used as the negative end of the capacitive circuit. The anti-reverse connection circuit 600 is used to short-circuit the external power supply 02 when the positive and negative poles of the external power supply 02 are reversely connected to the capacitive circuit.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 12 , in one embodiment, the above-mentioned capacitive device further includes: an input filtering circuit 700, which is connected in parallel with the anti-reverse connection circuit 600. The input filtering circuit 700 is used to filter out the clutter of the external power supply 02 and absorb the spike voltage of the external power supply 02.

[0065] It should be understood that the input filtering circuit 700 includes a capacitor or two or more capacitors connected in parallel. The input filtering circuit 700 in this embodiment filters out the clutter of the external power supply 02 and absorbs the spike voltage of the external power supply 02 by adding at least one capacitor, thereby flattening the voltage waveform of the external power supply 02.

[0066] Please refer to Figure 13 , in one embodiment, the above-mentioned capacitive device further includes: a voltage judgment circuit 800. The first input end of the voltage judgment circuit 800 is connected to the positive pole of the supercapacitor bank 100, and the second input end of the voltage judgment circuit 800 is connected to the reference voltage Vref. The voltage judgment circuit 800 is used to judge the relationship between the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 and the reference voltage Vref and issue a warning.

[0067] It should be understood that the relationship between the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 and the reference voltage Vref includes the magnitude relationship, the difference relationship, etc.; the reference voltage Vref can be a low-voltage reference. By comparing the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 with the reference voltage Vref, it is possible to determine whether the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 is in an undervoltage state or a state where it needs to be charged. At this time, a warning is issued when the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 is less than the reference voltage Vref; the reference voltage Vref can also be a high-voltage reference to determine whether the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 is in an overvoltage state. At this time, a warning is issued when the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 is higher than the reference voltage Vref; the warning can be issued through an indicator light or a buzzer, or the judgment result can be transmitted to the host computer 30, and the host computer 30 makes a process and issues a warning.

[0068] Please refer to Figure 14 , in one embodiment, the above-mentioned voltage judgment circuit 800 includes: a comparison unit 810 and an isolation output unit 820. The first input terminal of the comparison unit 810 serves as the first input terminal of the voltage judgment circuit 800, the second input terminal of the comparison unit 810 serves as the second input terminal of the voltage judgment circuit 800, and the input terminal of the isolation output unit 820 is connected to the output terminal of the comparison unit 810; the comparison unit 810 is used to compare the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 with the reference voltage Vref and output a comparison result; the isolation output unit 820 is used to isolate and output the comparison result to the host computer 30.

[0069] It should be understood that the comparison result can be represented by high and low levels. For example, when it is necessary to determine whether the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 is greater than the reference voltage Vref, if the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 is greater than the reference voltage Vref, a high level is output, and if the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 is less than the reference voltage Vref, a low level is output.

[0070] In one embodiment, the comparison unit 810 includes a voltage comparator. When the voltage determination circuit 800 is used to determine whether the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 is greater than the reference voltage Vref, the positive input terminal of the voltage comparator serves as the first input terminal of the comparison unit 810, the negative input terminal of the voltage comparator serves as the second input terminal of the comparison unit 810, and the output terminal of the voltage comparator serves as the output terminal of the comparison unit 810. At this time, if the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 is greater than the reference voltage Vref, the comparison unit 810 outputs a high level; if the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 is less than the reference voltage Vref, the comparison unit 810 outputs a low level. When the voltage determination circuit 800 is used to determine whether the voltage of the supercapacitor bank 100 is less than the reference voltage Vref, the negative input terminal of the voltage comparator serves as the first input terminal of the comparison unit 810, the positive input terminal of the voltage comparator serves as the second input terminal of the comparison unit 810, and the output terminal of the voltage comparator serves as the output terminal of the comparison unit 810.

[0071] In one embodiment, the isolation output unit 820 includes an optocoupler. The input terminal of the optocoupler serves as the input terminal of the isolation output unit 820 and is connected to the output terminal of the comparison unit 810, and the output terminal of the optocoupler serves as the output terminal of the isolation output unit 820.

[0072] Please refer to Figure 14 , the above-mentioned voltage determination circuit 800 further includes an indicator unit 840. The input terminal of the indicator unit 840 is connected to the output terminal of the isolation output unit 820, and the output terminal of the indicator unit 840 is grounded. The indicator unit 840 is used to light up when the comparison unit 810 outputs a high level.

[0073] Please refer to Figure 14 , the above-mentioned voltage determination circuit 800 further includes an amplification unit 830. The input terminal of the amplification unit 830 is connected to the output terminal of the optocoupler, the output terminal of the amplification unit 830 is connected to the input terminal of the indicator unit 840 and the host computer 30. The amplification unit 830 is used to amplify the signal output by the isolation output unit 820 and then output it. The amplification unit 830 can be composed of an amplifier.

[0074] Please refer to Figure 15 , for the sake of easy understanding, one specific example circuit diagram of the above capacitor circuit is as follows:

[0075] The sampling circuit 900 includes a first resistor R1. The first end of the first resistor R1 serves as the input terminal of the sampling circuit 900, and the second end of the first resistor R1 serves as the output terminal of the sampling circuit 900.

[0076] The switching circuit 200 includes a first switching transistor Q1, a first inductor L1, a first diode D1, and a first capacitor C1. The input terminal of the first switching transistor Q1 serves as the input terminal of the switching circuit 200. The output terminal of the first switching transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of the first inductor L1 and the cathode of the first diode D1. The control terminal of the first switching transistor Q1 serves as the control terminal of the switching circuit 200 and is connected to the output terminal of the switch controller 300. The second end of the first inductor L1 and the first end of the first capacitor C1 are commonly connected as the output terminal of the switching circuit 200. The second end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1.

[0077] It should be understood that the switching circuit 200 in this embodiment can also discharge in reverse, that is, discharge the electrical energy of the supercapacitor bank 100 to an external circuit. The first switching transistor Q1 can be a switching transistor such as a MOS transistor, a triode, or an IGBT thyristor. In the switching circuit 200 of this embodiment, by adding the first switching transistor Q1, the first inductor L1, the first diode D1, and the first capacitor C1, when the input voltage of the switching circuit 200 is relatively high, the switching circuit 200 can also stably supply power to the supercapacitor bank 100, improving the charging stability of the supercapacitor bank 100.

[0078] The discharge circuit 400 includes one diode or two or more diodes connected in parallel. Figure 15 The shown discharge circuit 400 includes diodes D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6. The anodes of each diode are commonly connected as the input terminal of the discharge circuit 400, and the cathodes of each diode are commonly connected as the output terminal of the discharge circuit 400. It should be understood that the number of diodes included in the discharge circuit 400 can be determined according to the target current value and the selection of each diode. For example, when the target current value is 25 A, if the conduction current of each diode is 5 A, the discharge circuit 400 should include 5 diodes.

[0079] The overcurrent protection circuit 500 includes a fuse F1 and a second resistor R2. Among them, the overcurrent value of the fuse F1 can be selected according to the maximum allowable current of the circuit. It should be understood that the fuse F1 is used to disconnect the connection between the external power supply 02 and the switching current and the discharge circuit 400 when the circuit current is greater than the maximum operating current. The second resistor R2 is used to consume the circuit current to reduce the circuit current. It should be understood that in other embodiments, the overcurrent protection circuit 500 can include only the fuse F1 or the second resistor R2, or can include both the fuse F1 and the second resistor R2.

[0080] The reverse connection protection circuit 600 includes at least one diode, and each diode is connected in parallel. The cathodes of each diode are commonly connected as the first terminal of the reverse connection protection circuit 600, and the anodes of each diode are commonly connected as the second terminal of the reverse connection protection circuit 600. Among them, Figure 15The reverse connection prevention circuit 600 shown includes a diode D7. It should be understood that when the external power supply 02 is reversely connected, that is, the negative electrode of the external power supply 02 is connected to the first end of the reverse connection prevention circuit 600, and the positive electrode of the external power supply 02 is connected to the second end of the reverse connection prevention circuit 600, the reverse connection prevention circuit 600 directly shorts the external power supply 02. At this time, the electrical energy of the external power supply 02 cannot be transmitted to the capacitor circuit, thereby avoiding the problem of capacitor circuit failure caused by the misconnection of the external power supply 02.

[0081] In this document, various embodiments of various devices, circuits, devices, systems, and / or methods are described. Many specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the overall structure, function, manufacture, and use of the embodiments as described in the specification and illustrated in the drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments may be practiced without such specific details. In other instances, well-known operations, components, and elements have been described in detail so as not to make the embodiments in the specification difficult to understand. Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein and shown are non-limiting examples, and thus it can be recognized that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein may be representative and do not necessarily limit the scope of the embodiments.

[0082] References throughout the specification to "various embodiments", "in an embodiment", "one embodiment", or "an embodiment" etc. mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described with respect to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in various embodiments", "in some embodiments", "in one embodiment", or "in an embodiment" etc. in appropriate places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Thus, the particular features, structures, or characteristics shown or described with respect to one embodiment may be wholly or partially combined with the features, structures, or characteristics of one or more other embodiments, without assuming that such combination is not logically or functionally limited. Any directional references (e.g., plus, minus, upper, lower, upward, downward, left, right, leftward, rightward, top, bottom, above, below, vertical, horizontal, clockwise, and counterclockwise) are for identification purposes to assist the reader in understanding the present disclosure and do not create a limitation, particularly with respect to the position, orientation, or use of the embodiments.

[0083] Although certain embodiments have been described above in some detail, those skilled in the art can make many changes to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Connection references (e.g., attach, couple, connect, etc.) should be interpreted broadly and can include intermediate members between the connections of elements and relative movement between the elements. Thus, a connection reference does not necessarily imply that two elements are directly connected / coupled and in a fixed relationship with each other. The use of "for example" throughout the specification should be interpreted broadly and is used to provide non-limiting examples of embodiments of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not limited to such examples. It is intended that all matters included in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings should be construed as illustrative rather than restrictive. Changes in details or structure can be made without departing from the present disclosure.

[0084] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A capacitive circuit, characterized in that, Comprising: A switching circuit and a switch controller; The input end of the switching circuit is externally connected to a power supply; When the input voltage of the switching circuit is greater than a preset voltage and the voltage of the supercapacitor bank is less than the preset voltage, the switch controller controls the switching circuit to conduct; When the input voltage of the switching circuit is greater than the preset voltage and the voltage of the supercapacitor bank is equal to the preset voltage, the switch controller controls the switching circuit to cut off; When the input voltage of the switching circuit is less than or equal to the preset voltage and the voltage of the supercapacitor bank is less than the input voltage of the switching circuit, the switch controller controls the switching circuit to conduct; When the input voltage of the switching circuit is less than or equal to the preset voltage and the voltage of the supercapacitor bank is equal to the input voltage of the switching circuit, the switch controller controls the switching circuit to cut off; The capacitor circuit further includes a discharging circuit for discharging the electric energy of the supercapacitor bank according to a target current value; The discharging circuit further includes a plurality of parallel discharging devices. When only the discharging circuit discharges, the total discharging current value of the plurality of discharging devices is approximately equal to the target current value. When the discharging circuit discharges and the switching circuit discharges reversely, the sum of the total discharging current value of the plurality of discharging devices and the current value of the reverse discharge of the switching circuit is approximately equal to the target current value.

2. The capacitive circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further comprising: A supercapacitor bank, which includes a plurality of supercapacitor monomers, and the total rated voltage of the supercapacitor bank is greater than the preset voltage.

3. The capacitive circuit according to claim 2, wherein The supercapacitor bank further includes: a plurality of voltage equalizing elements for equalizing the voltages of the respective supercapacitor monomers.

4. A capacitive device, characterized in that, Comprising: A switching circuit and a switch controller. The input end of the switching circuit is used to connect to the positive pole of an external power supply, the output end of the switching circuit is used to connect to the supercapacitor bank, the first input end of the switch controller is connected to the input end of the switching circuit, the output end of the switch controller is connected to the control end of the switching circuit, and the switch controller is used to control the switching circuit to conduct or cut off according to the input voltage of the switching circuit, the voltage of the supercapacitor bank, and the preset voltage; The capacitor device further includes a discharging circuit for discharging the electric energy of the supercapacitor bank according to a target current value; The discharging circuit further includes a plurality of parallel discharging devices. When only the discharging circuit discharges, the total discharging current value of the plurality of discharging devices is approximately equal to the target current value. When the discharging circuit discharges and the switching circuit discharges reversely, the sum of the total discharging current value of the plurality of discharging devices and the current value of the reverse discharge of the switching circuit is approximately equal to the target current value.

5. The capacitive device according to claim 4, wherein Further comprising: A sampling circuit, the input end of the sampling circuit is used to connect to the positive pole of the supercapacitor bank, and the output end of the sampling circuit is connected to the second input end of the switch controller.

6. The capacitive device according to claim 4, wherein, Further comprising: A discharging circuit, the input end of the discharging circuit is used to connect to the positive pole of the supercapacitor bank, and the output end of the discharging circuit is used to connect to the positive pole of the external power supply.

7. The capacitive device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The discharge circuit includes: a plurality of discharge devices, the positive electrodes of each of the discharge devices are commonly connected as the input end of the discharge circuit, and the negative electrodes of each of the discharge devices are commonly connected as the output end of the discharge circuit.

8. The capacitive device according to any one of claims 4-7, characterized in that, It further includes a supercapacitor bank, and the supercapacitor bank includes: a plurality of supercapacitor monomers, each of the supercapacitor monomers is connected in series, the first end after the series connection of each of the supercapacitor monomers is used as the positive electrode of the supercapacitor bank, and the second end after the series connection of each of the supercapacitor monomers is used as the negative electrode of the supercapacitor bank.

Images