A pile-based permeable breakwater with variable permeability and its construction method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a pile-based hollow breakwater with a variable air permeability, comprising: two rows of prefabricated pile foundations, a prefabricated panel fixedly arranged on the top of the prefabricated pile foundations, a wave-breaking wall and a breast wall arranged on the top of the prefabricated panel; the prefabricated pile foundations are integrally connected with a fixed wave-breaking board, and slide rails are correspondingly installed on the top and bottom between each two adjacent prefabricated pile foundations in the same row, and a movable wave-breaking board is slidably connected between each pair of slide rails; a control system for controlling the sliding of the movable wave-breaking board is installed on the prefabricated panel. The present invention also discloses a construction method of a pile-based hollow breakwater with a variable air permeability, and the control system can adjust the opening and closing degree of the movable wave-breaking board according to different wave conditions, so as to achieve an ideal wave-breaking effect; at the same time, the seawater on both sides of the pile-based hollow breakwater can be exchanged smoothly, thereby improving the water exchange capacity of the breakwater, minimally changing the hydrodynamic environment of the surrounding sea area, and maximizing the satisfaction of ecological and environmental protection requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ports and coastal engineering, and more particularly to a pile-based permeable breakwater with a variable permeability and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Breakwaters are hydraulic structures needed to defend against the invasion of waves and form a sheltered water area. They are located on the periphery of the port waters and prevent the invasion of drifting sand and ice. They are relied on to ensure that the port has sufficient water depth and smooth water surface to meet the requirements of ships anchoring, loading and unloading operations, and entering and leaving the port.

[0003] At present, most traditional breakwaters are impermeable slope embankments or vertical embankments, which restrict the circulation of water bodies in the protected waters, greatly change the hydrodynamic environment of the surrounding sea areas, and easily cause problems such as silt erosion and sedimentation, coastline changes, and port water pollution. In addition, slope embankments are mostly riprap structures. In some areas of my country, the geological conditions are poor, stone materials are relatively scarce, and the cost is high; vertical embankments will form standing waves with high wave pressure due to vertical wall reflection, which will have an adverse effect on the waterway flow and the stability of the embankment.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a pile-based permeable breakwater with a variable permeability and a construction method thereof that can adapt to the needs of green environmental protection, protection of hydrodynamics, ecology and natural shoreline environment is an issue that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a pile-based permeable breakwater with variable permeability, which solves the defects of traditional breakwaters such as great impact on the hydrodynamic environment and ecological environment, changes in silt scouring and siltation, changes in the coastline, and pollution of harbor water bodies. It can minimally change the original sea environment, protect the hydrodynamic natural coastline environment, and at the same time achieve an ideal wave-breaking effect.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a pile-based permeable breakwater with a variable permeability, comprising: two rows of prefabricated pile foundations, prefabricated panels are fixedly arranged on the tops of the two rows of prefabricated pile foundations, a wave-breaking wall is arranged on the side of the top of the prefabricated panel facing the wave, and a breast wall is arranged on the other side of the prefabricated panel arranged opposite to the wave-breaking wall; the prefabricated pile foundations are integrally connected with a fixed wave-breaking board, and slide rails are correspondingly installed on the top and bottom between each adjacent two prefabricated pile foundations in the same row, and a movable wave-breaking board is slidably connected between each pair of the slide rails; a transmission control system for controlling the sliding of the movable wave-breaking board is installed on the prefabricated panel.

[0007] The pile-based hollow breakwater with variable permeability disclosed by the present invention has movable wave-breaking plates added between adjacent prefabricated pile foundations, and the transmission control system can adjust the opening and closing degree of the movable wave-breaking plates according to different wave conditions, so as to achieve an ideal wave-breaking effect; at the same time, it has basically no influence on the movement of surrounding water flow, so that the seawater on both sides of the pile-based hollow breakwater can be exchanged smoothly, thereby improving the water exchange capacity of the breakwater, minimally changing the hydrodynamic environment of the surrounding sea area, and maximizing the satisfaction of ecological and environmental protection requirements.

[0008] Preferably, the prefabricated pile foundation is a reinforced concrete square pile.

[0009] Preferably, a pile cap is cast on the top of the precast pile foundation to protect the pile head of the precast pile foundation and prevent the pile body from tilting. A crossbeam and a longitudinal beam are fixedly arranged on the top of the pile cap, and the precast panel is fixedly arranged on the top of the crossbeam and the longitudinal beam, thereby increasing the stability of the structure.

[0010] Preferably, the cross beams, the longitudinal beams and the prefabricated panels are prefabricated assembly structures to facilitate construction.

[0011] Preferably, baffles are fixedly installed between the pile caps in the same row, and the longitudinal beams are fixedly installed on the tops of the baffles.

[0012] Preferably, the space between the wave-breaking wall and the breast wall is backfilled with medium-coarse sand and a concrete surface layer is attached, thereby increasing the stability of the structure.

[0013] Preferably, the width of the movable wave-breaking plate is the same as that of the fixed wave-breaking plate, and both are half of the spacing between adjacent prefabricated pile foundations. The transmission control system controls the opening degree of the movable wave-breaking plate, and the air permeability of the entire pile foundation hollow breakwater can be changed from 0 to 50%.

[0014] Preferably, the two rows of movable wave-breaking plates and the fixed wave-breaking plates are placed alternately, that is, when the movable wave-breaking plates are placed in the front row, the fixed wave-breaking plates are placed in the opposite position in the rear row, so that the water flow can be fully turbulent in the breakwater cavity. The row of the open-type breakwater facing the wave direction is called the front row, and the row facing away from the wave direction is called the rear row. The transmission control system can adjust the opening degree of the movable wave-breaking plates according to the changes in water depth and wave conditions.

[0015] Preferably, the slide rail at the bottom is slightly higher than the lower water surface, and the slide rail at the top is slightly lower than the upper water surface.

[0016] The present invention also discloses a construction method of a pile-based permeable breakwater with a variable permeability, comprising the following steps:

[0017] 1) Driving prefabricated pile foundations into the seabed of the construction area;

[0018] 2) When the water level is low, cast the top pile cap to avoid the pile body tilting during construction;

[0019] 3) Install the top and bottom rails at low water level;

[0020] 4) When the water level is low, install movable wave-breaking boards and fixed wave-breaking boards;

[0021] 5) Install baffles between pile caps at low water levels;

[0022] 6) When the water level is low, install the prefabricated cross beams and longitudinal beams on the top of the baffle;

[0023] 7) Fix the prefabricated panels to the crossbeams and longitudinal beams;

[0024] 8) Install the transmission control system on the prefabricated panel;

[0025] 9) Casting of wave-blocking walls and breast walls;

[0026] 10) Backfill medium-coarse sand between the wave-breaking wall and the breast wall, and attach a concrete surface layer.

[0027] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a pile-based permeable breakwater with a variable permeability, in which the movable wave-breaking plate changes its opening degree according to the water depth and wave conditions by a transmission control system, which can slightly change the original sea environment, protect the hydrodynamic natural coastline environment, and at the same time achieve an ideal wave-breaking effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 The accompanying drawings are cross-sectional views provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 The accompanying drawing is a longitudinal sectional view provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 The accompanying drawing is a structural diagram of the prefabricated pile foundation provided by the present invention.

[0032] Wherein, each figure is marked as:

[0033] 1 is the wave-breaking wall, 2 is the breast wall, 3 is the precast panel, 4 is the cross beam, 5 is the longitudinal beam, 6 is the pile cap, 7 is the precast pile foundation, 8 is the movable wave-breaking board, 9 is the slide rail, 10 is the baffle; 11 is the fixed wave-breaking board, 12 is the concrete surface layer; H is the depth of the fixed wave-breaking board and the movable wave-breaking board, and h is the water depth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a pile-based air-permeable breakwater with a variable air permeability, comprising two rows of prefabricated reinforced concrete square pile prefabricated pile foundations 7, pile caps 6, cross beams 4, longitudinal beams 5, prefabricated panels 3, baffles 10, wave-breaking walls 1, breast walls 2, fixed wave-breaking boards 11, movable wave-breaking boards 8 and a transmission control system, wherein the prefabricated pile foundations 7 are prefabricated reinforced concrete square piles with fixed wave-breaking boards 11, and the pile caps 6 are cast-in-place on the upper part of the square piles, and the pile caps 6 are connected at the position of the pile heads to protect the pile heads and prevent the pile bodies from tilting; cross beams 4 and longitudinal beams 5 are fixedly arranged on the pile caps 6, and the cross beams 4 and longitudinal beams 5 are flush with the water surface, the prefabricated panels 3 are fixedly arranged on the cross beams 4, and the wave-breaking walls 1 and breast walls 2 are fixedly arranged on the upper part of the longitudinal beams 5, the wave-breaking walls 1 are arranged on the side facing the wave direction, and the breast walls 2 are arranged on the other side, and the wave-breaking walls 1 and the breast walls 2 are backfilled with medium-coarse sand, and a concrete surface layer 12 is attached. Baffles 10 are also fixedly installed between pile caps 6 in the same row, and longitudinal beams 5 are fixedly installed on the tops of baffles 10. Slide rails 9 are installed between every two adjacent prefabricated pile foundations 7 in the same row, and movable wave-breaking plates 8 are slidably connected to the slide rails 9, and a transmission control system for controlling the sliding of movable wave-breaking plates 8 is installed on the prefabricated panels 3. Movable wave-breaking plates 8 and fixed wave-breaking plates 11 are placed at intervals in the structure, and the front row and the rear row are staggered (the front row is named as the row facing the direction of the waves, and the rear row is named as the row facing away from the direction of the waves), that is, when the movable wave-breaking plates 8 are placed in the front row, the fixed wave-breaking plates 11 are placed in the opposite position in the rear row, and the movable wave-breaking plates 8 and the fixed wave-breaking plates 11 in the front and rear rows are staggered, so that the water flow can be fully turbulent in the breakwater cavity.

[0036] In addition, the structural foundation of the present embodiment is a prefabricated pile foundation 7, and the wave-breaking plates are fixed wave-breaking plates 11 and movable wave-breaking plates 8 used in combination. The transmission control system can adjust the opening and closing degree of the movable wave-breaking plates 8 according to different wave conditions, and basically has no effect on the movement of the surrounding water flow, so that the seawater on both sides of the pile-based hollow breakwater can be exchanged smoothly, thereby improving the water exchange capacity of the hollow breakwater, minimizing the change in the hydrodynamic environment of the surrounding sea area, and maximizing the satisfaction of ecological and environmental protection requirements.

[0037] During the construction of the variable permeability pile-based permeable breakwater disclosed in this embodiment, the fixed wave-breaking plate 11 and the reinforced concrete square pile prefabricated pile foundation 7 are integrally cast, and the pile bottom of the prefabricated pile foundation 7 is fixed below the mud surface, thereby improving the ability to break waves and exchange water bodies in front and behind the breakwater, and reducing the impact on the hydrodynamic environment of the sea area. The pile cap 6 is connected to the pile head position of the prefabricated pile foundation 7 to protect the pile head and prevent the pile body from tilting; the cross beam 4, the longitudinal beam 5 and the prefabricated panel 3 are installed above the pile cap 6 to form a beam-slab structure to support the upper wave-breaking wall 1 and the breast wall 2. The wave-breaking wall 1 is used to prevent waves from crossing the top of the breakwater; the top and bottom between each adjacent two prefabricated pile foundations 7 in the same row are installed with slide rails 9, and the movable wave-breaking plate 8 is slidably connected to the slide rails 9, and the bottom slide rails 9 are slightly higher than the mud surface, that is, the lower water surface. The movable wave-breaking board 8 and the fixed wave-breaking board 11 can not only reflect part of the wave energy, but also make the water body turbulent according to the spatial position, reduce the wave height and wave energy, and thus make the water area in the port reach good berthing conditions.

[0038] The present invention also discloses a construction method of a pile-based permeable breakwater with a variable permeability, comprising the following steps:

[0039] 1) Driving the prefabricated pile foundation 7 into the seabed of the construction area;

[0040] 2) When the water level is low, pour the top pile cap 6 to avoid the pile body tilting during construction;

[0041] 3) When the water level is low, install the top and bottom slide rails 9;

[0042] 4) When the water level is low, install the movable wave-breaking board 8 and the fixed wave-breaking board 11;

[0043] 5) When the water level is low, a baffle 10 is installed between the pile caps 6;

[0044] 6) When the water level is low, the prefabricated cross beam 4 and longitudinal beam 5 are installed on the top of the baffle 10;

[0045] 7) Fix the prefabricated panel 3 on the cross beam 4 and the longitudinal beam 5;

[0046] 8) Installing a control system on the prefabricated panel 3;

[0047] 9) Casting wave-breaking wall 1 and breast wall 2;

[0048] 10) Backfill medium-coarse sand between the wave-breaking wall 1 and the breast wall 2, and attach a concrete surface layer 12.

[0049] The invention discloses a construction method for a pile-based hollow breakwater with a variable air permeability. The opening degree of a movable wave-breaking plate 8 is changed by a control system. The air permeability of the breakwater wave-breaking plate is variable from 0 to 50%. The control system adjusts the opening degree of the movable wave-breaking plate 8 according to actual needs such as water depth and wave condition changes, thereby achieving substantially no influence on the movement of surrounding water flow, thereby enabling seawater on both sides of the pile-based hollow breakwater to be exchanged smoothly, thereby improving the water exchange capacity of the breakwater, minimizing changes to the hydrodynamic environment of the surrounding sea area, and maximizing satisfaction of ecological and environmental protection requirements.

[0050] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0051] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A construction method for a pile-based permeable breakwater with a variable permeability, characterized in that: The pile-based permeable breakwater with a variable air permeability comprises: two rows of prefabricated pile foundations (7), the tops of the two rows of prefabricated pile foundations (7) are fixedly provided with prefabricated panels (3), the top of the prefabricated panels (3) facing the wave is provided with a wave-blocking wall (1), and the other side of the prefabricated panels (3) arranged opposite to the wave-blocking wall (1) is provided with a breast wall (2); the prefabricated pile foundations (7) are integrally connected with a fixed wave-breaking board (11), and sliding rails (9) are correspondingly installed at the top and bottom between each adjacent two prefabricated pile foundations (7) in the same row, and a movable wave-breaking board (8) is slidably connected between each pair of the sliding rails (9); a control system for controlling the sliding of the movable wave-breaking board (8) is installed on the prefabricated panels (3); The width of the movable wave-breaking plates (8) is the same as that of the fixed wave-breaking plates (11), and both are half the distance between adjacent prefabricated pile foundations (7); two rows of the movable wave-breaking plates (8) and the fixed wave-breaking plates (11) are placed alternately; The construction method includes the following steps: 1) driving the prefabricated pile foundation (7) into the seabed of the construction area; 2) When the water level is low, pour the top pile cap (6) to prevent the pile from tilting during construction; 3) When the water level is low, install the top and bottom rails (9); 4) When the water level is low, a movable wave-breaking plate (8) and a fixed wave-breaking plate (11) are installed; 5) When the water level is low, a baffle (10) is installed between the pile caps (6); 6) When the water level is low, a prefabricated cross beam (4) and longitudinal beam (5) are installed on the top of the baffle (10); 7) fixing the prefabricated panel (3) on the cross beam (4) and the longitudinal beam (5); 8) Installing a control system on the prefabricated panel (3); 9) Casting the wave-breaking wall (7) and the breast wall (2); 10) Backfilling medium-coarse sand between the wave-breaking wall (7) and the breast wall (2) and attaching a concrete surface layer (12).

2. The construction method of a variable permeability pile-based permeable breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prefabricated pile foundation (7) is a reinforced concrete square pile.

3. The construction method of a variable permeability pile-based permeable breakwater according to claim 2, characterized in that: A pile cap (6) is cast on the top of the prefabricated pile foundation (7), and a crossbeam (4) and a longitudinal beam (5) are fixedly arranged on the top of the pile cap (6); the prefabricated panel (3) is fixedly arranged on the top of the crossbeam (4) and the longitudinal beam (5).

4. The construction method of a variable permeability pile-based permeable breakwater according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross beam (4), the longitudinal beam (5) and the prefabricated panel (3) are prefabricated assembly structures.

5. The construction method of a variable permeability pile-based permeable breakwater according to claim 4, characterized in that: A baffle (10) is fixedly installed between the pile caps (6) in the same row; and the longitudinal beam (5) is fixedly installed on the top of the baffle (10).

6. The construction method of a variable permeability pile-based permeable breakwater according to claim 5, characterized in that: The space between the wave-breaking wall (1) and the breast wall (2) is backfilled with medium-coarse sand and provided with a concrete surface layer (12).

7. The construction method of a variable permeability pile-based permeable breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide rail (9) at the bottom is slightly higher than the lower water surface, and the slide rail (9) at the top is slightly lower than the upper water surface.

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