A rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic sealing device and preparation method

Abstract

The present invention provides a rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic sealing device, which includes a dynamic ring and a static ring; wherein the dynamic ring is fixedly sealed on the outer cylindrical surface of the rotor, and the static ring is fixed on the inner surface of the shell corresponding to the rotor; the dynamic ring includes a low-pressure side base body, a high-pressure side base body, and a plurality of sealing vanes distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor in the inner cavity formed by the low-pressure side base body and the high-pressure side base body. The sealing vanes have inclined angles with respect to both the axial and radial directions of the rotor. Compared with the prior art, the sealing vanes not only have a perpendicular cutting effect on the gas flow, but also change the gas flow direction and have a reverse pushing effect on the incoming flow, and also play a disturbing role on the incoming high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid), so that it cannot pass through the gap between the dynamic ring and the static ring, achieving the sealing effect on the medium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical seals, and particularly relates to a rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic seal device and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the dynamic seals for high-temperature and high-pressure gases mainly include soft and hard packing seals, labyrinth seals, piston ring seals, and brush seals. The core of the seal is to reduce the leakage amount of the sealing medium per unit time as much as possible under the same conditions.

[0003] Under appropriate packing and structure, the soft packing seal can be applied up to a maximum pressure of 35 MPa, a temperature of 600 °C, and a linear velocity of 20 m / s, which can meet the sealing requirements under general conditions. However, it is prone to packing hardening under open fire conditions and has insufficient wear compensation. The hard packing seal can be used at a pressure of 350 MPa and a linear velocity of 12 m / s, and it requires cooling or heating of the packing.

[0004] The labyrinth seal forms a very small tortuous gap between the rotating part and the fixed part, and the fluid reaches the sealing purpose through multiple throttlings. It belongs to a non-contact seal, and its sealing effect is far inferior to that of a contact seal.

[0005] The piston ring seal is the most commonly used high-temperature and high-pressure gas seal structure for existing engines and similar structures. It must work under continuous lubrication and cooling conditions, has low working condition adaptability, and is extremely prone to wear.

[0006] As a key technology for modern turbomachinery, the brush seal has a contact surface of 120 metal wire groups per mm 2 grown on a formed matrix. It is difficult to manufacture and has a high cost, and requires high lubrication and cooling conditions. In addition, the brush wire severely brushes the shaft. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic seal device, which does not require lubrication and cooling under special working conditions, has a long service life, and a stable effect.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic seal device is used to achieve the seal between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side of a shaft system device; it includes a dynamic ring and a static ring; the dynamic ring seal is fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor, and the static ring is fixed on the inner circumferential surface of the housing corresponding to the rotor; the dynamic ring includes a low-pressure side base body, a high-pressure side base body, and a plurality of sealing vanes located in the inner cavity formed by the low-pressure side base body and the high-pressure side base body;

[0010] The multiple sealing pieces are distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor and have inclined angles with both the axial direction and the radial direction of the rotor; one ends of the sealing pieces close to the rotor are respectively in concave-convex fit connection with the low-pressure side base body and the high-pressure side base body; one ends of the sealing pieces close to the stationary ring have a comb structure, the tips of the teeth in the low-pressure side part of the comb structure just contact the stationary ring, and the tips of the teeth in the high-pressure side part of the comb structure are in interference fit with the stationary ring, so that when the rotor rotates, the high-pressure side part not only undergoes elastic deformation tangent to the inner diameter circular surface of the stationary ring under the action of the frictional resistance of the stationary ring.

[0011] Optionally, the multiple sealing pieces are parallel to each other.

[0012] Optionally, the inclination angle between the sealing piece and the radial direction of the rotor is 30° to 70°, and the inclination angle between the sealing piece and the axial direction of the rotor is 0° to 5°.

[0013] Optionally, the comb structure of the sealing piece has 5 to 20 teeth.

[0014] Optionally, there are 1000 to 30000 sealing pieces in total.

[0015] Optionally, the rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic sealing device further includes free rings. There are two free rings in total, which are respectively arranged at the first and second tooth gaps in the low-pressure side part of the comb structure.

[0016] Optionally, a spigot fit positioning structure is provided between the low-pressure side base body and the high-pressure side base body.

[0017] Optionally, the material of the sealing piece is cobalt-based alloy or iron-based alloy.

[0018] Optionally, the material of the stationary ring is an alloy or ceramic that can withstand the high-temperature working environment of the shafting equipment.

[0019] A preparation method is used for the rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic sealing device. The stationary sealing ring is installed on the inner surface of the shell body, and the gland with the low-pressure sealing side is fixedly connected with the shell body. Among them, the sealing piece is in a palm shape, and concave grooves with certain dimensions are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the palm shape. The sealing piece is installed on the high-pressure side base body and is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction at the same inclined angle of 30° to 70°; among them, the concave grooves cooperate with the convex structures on the high-pressure side base body to install the sealing piece and control the installation angle of the sealing piece. The sealing piece is fixed on the high-pressure side base body according to the installation angle. Then, the concave grooves of the sealing piece are matched with the convex structures of the low-pressure side base body, and at the same time, the spigot fit positioning assembly of the sealing base body 1 and the high-pressure side base body forms a moving ring.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The tip part of the comb tooth structure on the low-pressure side of the sealing piece of the present invention contacts the stationary ring but without interference fit. The tip part of the comb tooth structure on the high-pressure side has an interference fit with the stationary ring and also makes a sliding movement during operation. The sealing piece rotates synchronously with the rotor. The interference part not only undergoes elastic deformation tangent to the inner diameter of the stationary ring under the action of the frictional resistance of the stationary ring, but also lags behind the tooth-shaped structure on the low-pressure side that has no interference contact. The sealing pieces are distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor and have an inclined angle with both the axial and radial directions of the rotor. The sealing pieces not only have a perpendicular cutting effect on the air flow, but also change the air flow direction and have a reverse pushing effect on the incoming flow, and also play a disturbing role on the incoming high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid), so that it cannot pass through the gap between the rotating ring and the stationary ring, achieving the sealing effect on the medium.

[0022] 2. With the addition of the free rings, even if a small amount of gas enters between the sealing pieces, the two layers of free rings will block its passage.

[0023] 3. The present invention does not require oil lubrication. When meeting the dynamic sealing of high-temperature and high-pressure gases under ordinary working conditions, it can be used in complex working conditions where it is difficult to set up an oil chamber, reducing the consumption of lubricating oil and reducing environmental pollution.

[0024] 4. The sealing pieces of the present invention are made of wear-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials such as cobalt-based alloys or iron-based alloys, so that the device has small wear, long service life and stable use effect during use.

[0025] 5. With a wide range of applications, the present invention can be applied to the dynamic sealing technology of high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) in equipment such as steam turbines, gas turbines, rotary engines, natural gas and deep-sea oil, saving resources and improving the conversion efficiency at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic sealing device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 a cross-sectional view in the A-A direction in

[0029] Figure 3 It is an application schematic diagram of the rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic sealing device of the present invention;

[0030] Among them, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0031] 1 - Low - pressure side matrix; 2 - Free ring; 3 - Sealing piece; 4 - High - pressure side matrix; 5 - Stationary ring; 6 - gland; 7 - Housing; 8 - Concave - convex fit; 9 - Rotating ring; 10 - Rotor; 11 - Low - pressure sealing side; 12 - Stopper Specific embodiments

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] The present invention is applicable to the technical problems of high - temperature and high - pressure gas (liquid) dynamic sealing for equipment such as steam turbines, gas turbines, rotary engines, and deep - sea oil and gas. It can be applied to the radial dynamic sealing technology without (with) lubrication under high - temperature and high - pressure gas conditions. The present invention proposes a rotating - vane - type high - temperature and high - pressure gas (liquid) elastic - contact dynamic sealing device with a service life superior to that of packing seals and brush seals, which can be non - lubricated under special working conditions and has a wide range of application environments.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rotating - vane - type high - temperature and high - pressure gas (liquid) elastic - contact dynamic sealing device of the present invention. Figure 2 is Figure 1 the sectional view in the A - A direction of Figure 1 , Figure 2 as shown in

[0035] A rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic sealing device is used to achieve the sealing between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side of a shaft system device; it includes a dynamic ring 9 and a static ring 5; among them, the dynamic ring 9 is fixedly sealed on the outer cylindrical surface of the rotor 10, and the static ring 5 is fixed on the inner surface of the housing 7 corresponding to the rotor 10; the dynamic ring 9 includes a low-pressure side base body 1, a high-pressure side base body 4, and a plurality of sealing vanes 3 located in the inner cavity formed by the low-pressure side base body 1 and the high-pressure side base body 4; the plurality of sealing vanes 3 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor 10 and have inclination angles with both the axial and radial directions of the rotor 10; one end of the sealing vane 3 close to the rotor 10 is respectively connected to the low-pressure side base body 1 and the high-pressure side base body 4 through a concave-convex fit 8; one end of the sealing vane 3 close to the static ring 5 has a comb structure, the tips of the teeth on the low-pressure side of the comb structure just contact the static ring 5, and the tips of the teeth on the high-pressure side of the comb structure are in interference fit with the static ring 5, so that when the rotor 10 rotates, the high-pressure side part not only undergoes elastic deformation tangent to the inner diameter of the static ring 5 under the action of the frictional resistance of the static ring 5, but also lags behind the low-pressure side part. The rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic sealing device also includes free rings 2, and there are two free rings 2 in total, which are respectively arranged at the first and second tooth gaps on the low-pressure side part of the comb structure. The plurality of sealing vanes 3 are parallel to each other. The inclination angle between the sealing vane 3 and the radial direction of the rotor 10 is 30° to 70°, and the inclination angle between the sealing vane 3 and the axial direction of the rotor 10 is 0° to 5°. The comb structure of the sealing vane 3 has 5 to 20 teeth. There are 1000 to 30000 sealing vanes 3 in total.

[0036] There are two free rings 2 in total, which are respectively arranged at the first and second tooth gaps on the low-pressure side part of the comb structure. There is a spigot 12 mating and positioning structure between the low-pressure side base body 1 and the high-pressure side base body 4. The material of the sealing vane 3 is cobalt-based alloy or iron-based alloy. The material of the static ring 5 is an alloy or ceramic that can withstand the high-temperature working environment of the shaft system device.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic application diagram of the rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic sealing device of the present invention, as Figure 3 shown:

[0038] The static sealing ring 5 is installed on the inner surface of the housing 7, and the gland 6 equipped with the low-pressure sealing side 11 is fixedly connected to the housing 7. During operation, the dynamic sealing ring 9 rotates with the rotor 10.

[0039] This device is composed of a low-pressure side base body 1, sealing vanes 3, among which there are about 10000 sealing vanes 3, a high-pressure side base body 4, and a static ring 5.

[0040] Among them: One side of the sealing piece 3 close to the stationary ring 5 is a comb-shaped structure. There are 10 teeth in it. The tips of the teeth on the low-pressure side of the comb-shaped structure just contact the stationary ring 5, and the tips of the teeth on the high-pressure side of the comb-shaped structure are in interference fit with the stationary ring 5. When the rotor 10 rotates, the high-pressure side part not only undergoes elastic deformation tangent to the inner diameter of the stationary ring 5 under the action of the frictional resistance of the stationary ring 5, but also lags behind the low-pressure side part. The sealing piece 3 is installed on the base body and is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction at the same inclination angle of 30° to 70°. One end of the sealing piece 3 close to the rotor 10 is respectively connected with the concave-convex fit 8 of the low-pressure side base body 1 and the high-pressure side base body 4 to install the sealing piece 3 and control the installation angle of the sealing piece 3. After fixing the sealing piece 3 on the base body according to the installation angle, the concave groove of the sealing piece 3 cooperates with the convex structure of the base body. At the same time, the spigot 12 of the low-pressure side base body 1 and the high-pressure side base body 4 are cooperated and positioned to complete the assembly.

[0041] Apply this device to high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic sealing equipment such as steam turbines, gas turbines or rotary engines. That is, the rotary vane type sealing dynamic ring 9 is installed on the rotor 10, and the stationary ring 5 is installed on the inner surface of the housing 7 corresponding to the rotor 10 that needs to be sealed. There is a gap of 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm between the outer surface of the base body of the dynamic ring 9 and the inner surface of the stationary ring 5. The stationary sealing ring 5 is placed inside the inner surface of the equipment housing 7, and the high-pressure side of the sealing piece 3 can be in contact with and in interference fit with the stationary ring 5.

[0042] When working, in the closed chamber formed by the housing 7 and the rotor 10, the rotor 10 makes a high-speed circular motion relative to the housing 7 (linear velocity ≥ 20 m / s). The sealing piece 3 in contact with the stationary ring 5 on the housing 7 is squeezed, and the side pressure causes the sealing piece 3 to undergo elastic deformation and closely fit with the contact surface to achieve the sealing effect.

[0043] When the work stops, check the sealing piece 3 and the stationary ring 5, and no obvious wear is found.

[0044] Figure 2 For Figure 1 the sectional view in the A-A direction in Figure 2 as shown:

[0045] Sealing principle: When this device is installed on the equipment that needs to be sealed, the low-pressure side of the sealing piece 3 contacts but is not in interference with the stationary ring 5, and the high-pressure side is in interference fit with the stationary ring 5 and also makes a sliding movement during work. When the rotor 10 rotates in the direction shown by A-A, the sealing piece 3 rotates synchronously with the rotor 10. The interference part not only undergoes elastic deformation tangent to the inner diameter of the stationary ring 5 under the action of the frictional resistance of the stationary ring 5, but also lags behind the non-interference contact low-pressure side.

[0046] At this time, the sealing piece 3 has the same inclination angle of 30° to 70° with the radial direction of the shaft and an inclination angle of 0° to 5° with the axial axis, so that it not only has a perpendicular cutting effect on the air flow, but also changes the air flow direction and has a reverse pushing effect on the incoming flow.

[0047] The present invention also provides a preparation method for the rotary vane type high temperature and high pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic sealing device. The static seal ring 5 is installed on the inner surface of the housing 7, and the gland 6 equipped with the low pressure seal side 11 is fixedly connected to the housing 7. Among them, the sealing piece 3 is of a palm-shaped structure, and concave grooves with a certain size are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the palm-shaped structure. The sealing piece 3 is installed on the high pressure side base body 4 and is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction at the same inclination angle of 30° to 70°. The concave grooves cooperate with the convex structures on the high pressure side base body 4 to install the sealing piece 3 and control the installation angle of the sealing piece 3. The sealing piece 3 is fixed to the high pressure side base body 4 according to the installation angle. Then, the concave grooves of the sealing piece 3 are matched with the convex structures of the low pressure side base body 1, and at the same time, the low pressure side base body 1 and the stop 12 of the high pressure side base body 4 are matched and positioned to assemble and form the moving ring 9.

[0048] In summary, when the moving ring 9 of the sealing assembly rotates together with the shaft (rigid connection), the sealing piece 3 plays a disturbing role on the incoming high temperature and high pressure gas (liquid), so that it cannot pass through the gap between the moving ring 9 and the static ring 5 of the sealing assembly, achieving the sealing effect on the medium.

[0049] The tip part of the comb tooth structure on the low pressure side of the sealing piece 3 of the present invention contacts but does not interfere with the static ring 5, and the tip part of the comb tooth structure on the high pressure side is in interference fit with the static ring 5 and also makes a sliding movement during operation. The sealing piece 3 rotates synchronously with the rotor 10. Under the action of the frictional resistance of the static ring 5, the interference part not only undergoes elastic deformation tangent to the inner diameter of the static ring 5, but also lags behind the tooth-shaped structure on the low pressure side that does not interfere with the contact. The sealing piece 3 is distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor 10 and has an inclination angle with respect to both the axial and radial directions of the rotor 10. The sealing piece 3 not only has a perpendicular cutting effect on the air flow, but also changes the air flow direction and has a reverse pushing effect on the incoming flow, and also plays a disturbing role on the incoming high temperature and high pressure gas (liquid), so that it cannot pass through the gap between the moving ring 9 and the static ring 5, achieving the sealing effect on the medium. The addition of the free ring 2 can block the passage of even a small amount of gas entering between the sealing pieces 3. The present invention does not require oil lubrication, and can be used in complex working conditions where it is difficult to set up an oil chamber when meeting the dynamic sealing of high temperature and high pressure gases under ordinary working conditions, reducing the consumption of lubricating oil and reducing environmental pollution;

[0050] The sealing piece 3 of the present invention is made of wear-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials such as cobalt-based alloys or iron-based alloys, so that the device has small wear, long service life, stable use effect and wide application range during use. The present invention can be applied to the dynamic sealing technology of high temperature and high pressure gas (liquid) in equipment such as steam turbines, gas turbines, rotary engines, and deep-sea natural gas and petroleum, saving resources and at the same time improving the conversion efficiency.

[0051] Therefore, the sealing effect of the rotating vane of this device is better than that of labyrinth seals and brush seals. It has elastic contact, little wear, long service life, stable use effect, and no shedding phenomenon. It does not require lubrication and cooling under special working conditions.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid elastic contact dynamic sealing device is used to achieve the sealing between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side of a shaft system equipment. It is characterized in that: It includes a dynamic ring (9) and a static ring (5); wherein the dynamic ring (9) is fixedly sealed on the outer cylindrical surface of the rotor (10), and the static ring (5) is fixed on the inner surface of the housing (7) corresponding to the rotor (10); the dynamic ring (9) includes a low-pressure side base body (1), a high-pressure side base body (4), and a plurality of sealing vanes (3) located in the inner cavity formed by the low-pressure side base body (1) and the high-pressure side base body (4). The plurality of sealing vanes (3) are distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor (10) and have inclined angles with both the axial and radial directions of the rotor (10); one end of the sealing vane (3) close to the rotor (10) is respectively connected with the low-pressure side base body (1) and the high-pressure side base body (4) by a concave-convex fit (8); one end of the sealing vane (3) close to the static ring (5) has a comb structure, the tips of the teeth on the low-pressure side of the comb structure are in contact with the static ring (5), and the tips of the teeth on the high-pressure side of the comb structure are in interference fit with the static ring (5), so that when the rotor (10) rotates, the high-pressure side part undergoes elastic deformation tangential to the inner circular surface of the static ring (5) under the action of the frictional resistance of the static ring (5), and the tips of the teeth on the high-pressure side of the comb structure lag behind the tooth-shaped structure on the low-pressure side. By vertically cutting the airflow and changing the airflow direction through the sealing vane (3), it plays a role in counter-pushing the incoming flow, and then disturbing the incoming high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid), preventing the high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) from passing through the gap between the dynamic ring (9) and the static ring (5), achieving the effect of sealing the medium. The rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas (liquid) elastic contact dynamic sealing device further includes free rings (2), and there are two free rings (2) in total, which are respectively arranged at the first and second tooth gaps on the low-pressure side part of the comb structure to prevent the passage of trace amounts of gas between the sealing vanes (3). The plurality of sealing vanes (3) are parallel to each other. The inclination angle between the sealing vane (3) and the radial direction of the rotor (10) is 30° - 70°, and the inclination angle between the sealing vane (3) and the axial direction of the rotor (10) is 0° - 5°.

2. The rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid elastic contact dynamic sealing device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that: The comb structure of the sealing vane (3) has 5 - 20 teeth.

3. The rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid elastic contact dynamic sealing device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that: There are 1000 - 30000 sealing vanes (3) in total.

4. The rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid elastic contact dynamic sealing device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that: There is a spigot (12) fit positioning structure between the low-pressure side base body (1) and the high-pressure side base body (4).

5. The rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid elastic contact dynamic sealing device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that: The material of the sealing vane (3) is cobalt-based alloy or iron-based alloy.

6. The rotary vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid elastic contact dynamic sealing device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that: The material of the static ring (5) is alloy or ceramic.

7. A preparation method for the rotating vane type high-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid elastic contact dynamic sealing device according to claims 1-6, characterized in that: The static seal ring (5) is installed on the inner surface of the housing (7), and the gland (6) equipped with the low-pressure seal side (11) is fixedly connected to the housing (7). Among them, the sealing piece (3) is of a palm-shaped structure, and concave grooves with certain dimensions are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the palm-shaped structure. The sealing piece (3) is installed on the high-pressure side base body (4) and is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction at the same inclination angle of 30° to 70°. Among them, the concave grooves cooperate with the convex structures on the high-pressure side base body (4) to install the sealing piece (3) and control the installation angle of the sealing piece (3). The sealing piece (3) is fixed on the high-pressure side base body (4) according to the installation angle. Then, the concave grooves of the sealing piece (3) are matched with the convex structures of the low-pressure side base body (1). At the same time, the low-pressure side base body (1) is assembled and positioned in cooperation with the stop (12) of the high-pressure side base body (4) to form the moving ring (9).

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