Water body temperature measuring device and method

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a water body temperature measurement device and method. The device comprises: an underwater temperature chain measurement module (1), located below the surface of the water body, comprising N measurement units (11), each measurement unit (11) is used to measure the depth of its position relative to the water body surface and the temperature of the water body at its position, N being an integer greater than 1; a water body surface temperature measurement module (2), used to measure a first temperature of the water body surface; a control module (3), used to calculate a second temperature of the water body surface according to the N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module (1), and to adjust the number and position of the measurement units (11) according to the first temperature and the second temperature until the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is within a preset range. The underwater temperature chain measurement module is adjusted using the underwater temperature chain and the water body surface temperature, and the water body temperature at any depth calculated by the underwater temperature chain measured after adjustment is more accurate, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a water body temperature measuring device and method. Background Art

[0002] Water temperature is one of the main criteria for verifying the accuracy of ocean satellite remote sensing inversion products. Even if the temperature differences caused by surface heterogeneity are ignored, there are still obvious differences between remote sensing observations and traditional measurements. There are certain observation angles when remote sensing satellites observe the surface. When measuring water surface temperature, vertical measurement values ​​are usually used for verification under the premise that the water surface temperature is isotropic.

[0003] In the related technology, the surface temperature of the water body is mainly measured in the vertical direction. For example, relevant scholars have built an observation frame and a non-contact thermometer on the buoy, which can only measure the radiation temperature of the water surface and it is difficult to obtain the real temperature of the water surface. The ocean surface drifting buoy based on the Argos satellite system for positioning and transmitting data can only measure the temperature at a certain depth underwater. Thermal infrared remote sensing products measure the temperature of the water surface. The depth of the Argo buoy from the water surface varies, and there is a large uncertainty between the surface temperature of the water body and the underwater temperature; microwave remote sensing products measure the temperature at a certain depth underwater, usually within a dozen centimeters. Due to the floating effect of the waves, it is difficult for the Argo buoy to accurately measure the water temperature at a specific depth. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present disclosure provides a water body temperature measurement device and method, which uses the underwater temperature chain and the water body surface temperature to adjust the underwater temperature chain measurement module, so that the water body temperature at any depth calculated according to the adjusted underwater temperature chain is more accurate, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.

[0005] On the one hand, the present disclosure provides a water body temperature measurement device, which includes: an underwater temperature chain measurement module 1, located below the surface of the water body, including N measurement units 11, each of the measurement units 11 is used to measure the depth of its position relative to the water body surface and the temperature of the water body at its position, and N is an integer greater than 1; a water body surface temperature measurement module 2, used to measure a first temperature of the water body surface; a control module 3, used to calculate a second temperature of the water body surface according to the N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1, and adjust the number and position of the measurement units 11 according to the first temperature and the second temperature until the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is within a preset range.

[0006] Optionally, the control module 3 is further used to obtain a corresponding relationship curve between water body temperature and depth according to M groups of temperatures and depths measured by the adjusted underwater temperature chain measurement module 1, where M is the number of the adjusted measurement units 11.

[0007] Optionally, the water body surface temperature measurement module 2 includes: a first radiation thermometer 21; a multi-angle adjustment device 22, used to rotate the first radiation thermometer 21 so that the first radiation thermometer 21 measures the brightness of the water body surface radiation from multiple angles; a second radiation thermometer 23, used to measure the brightness of the downward long-wave radiation of the atmosphere.

[0008] Optionally, the first temperature of the water surface is:

[0009]

[0010] Wherein, T1 is the first temperature, B -1 is the inverse function of Planck function, L surf is the brightness of the water surface radiation measured by the first radiation thermometer 21, ε λ is the surface emissivity of water, L atm↓ is the brightness of the downward long-wave radiation of the atmosphere measured by the second radiation thermometer 23, and λ is the wavelength of the downward long-wave radiation of the atmosphere.

[0011] Optionally, each of the measuring units 11 includes: a temperature sensor 11A, used to measure the temperature of the water body at the location of the measuring unit 11; a water depth pressure sensor 11B, used to measure the pressure at the location of the measuring unit 11, and calculate the depth of the location of the measuring unit 11 relative to the water body surface based on the measured pressure.

[0012] Optionally, the water temperature measuring device further includes: a fixed module 4, one end of which is connected to the part of the water temperature measuring device located on the water surface, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the water body, and the N measuring units 11 are respectively arranged at different positions of the fixed module 4.

[0013] Optionally, the control module 3 is also used to judge the N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1 to eliminate unqualified temperatures and depths.

[0014] Optionally, the control module 3 calculates the second temperature of the water body surface based on the N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1, including: using the least squares method to obtain a correspondence curve between the water body temperature and depth based on the N groups of temperatures and depths; and calculating the second temperature of the water body surface based on the correspondence curve.

[0015] Optionally, the device further includes: a supporting module 5, used for supporting the water body surface temperature measuring module 2, and controlling the balance of the water body temperature measuring device.

[0016] On the other hand, the present disclosure provides a method for measuring water body temperature, the method comprising: each measuring unit 11 measures the depth of its position relative to the water body surface and the temperature of the water body at its position; a water body surface temperature measurement module 2 measures a first temperature of the water body surface; a control module 3 calculates a second temperature of the water body surface based on N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the measuring units 11, N being the number of the measuring units 11, and adjusts the number and positions of the measuring units 11 based on the first temperature and the second temperature until the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is within a preset range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The structure block diagram of the water body temperature measurement device provided according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0018] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure of the water temperature measuring device provided according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 The flowchart schematically shows the working process of the control module in the water temperature measurement device provided according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Description of reference numerals:

[0021] 1- underwater temperature chain measurement module; 11- measurement unit; 11A- temperature sensor; 11B- water depth pressure sensor; 2- water surface temperature measurement module; 21- first radiation thermometer; 22- multi-angle adjustment device; 23- second radiation thermometer; 3- control module; 4- fixing module; 41- steel wire; 42- anchor; 5- support module; 51- buoy body; 52- support frame; 53- bracket; 54- counterweight block; 55- cross bar; 6- power supply module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more clearly understood, the present disclosure is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 The structure block diagram of the water temperature measurement device provided according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown. Figure 1 , while combining Figure 2-Figure 3 , the water temperature measuring device in this embodiment is described in detail.

[0024] See also Figure 1 The water body temperature measuring device includes an underwater temperature chain measuring module 1, a water body surface temperature measuring module 2 and a control module 3.

[0025] The underwater temperature chain measurement module 1 is composed of N measurement units 11, where N is an integer greater than 1. The N measurement units 11 are respectively located at different depths below the surface of the water body, and each measurement unit 11 is used to measure the depth H of its location relative to the surface of the water body. i , and measure the temperature T of the water body at its location i , 1≤i≤N. The underwater temperature chain measurement module 1 can measure the temperatures corresponding to N different depths below the surface of the water body, that is, obtain the underwater temperature chain.

[0026] See also Figure 2 Each measuring unit 11 is composed of a temperature sensor 11A and a water depth pressure sensor 11B. The temperature sensor 11A and the water depth pressure sensor 11B in any measuring unit 11 are located at the same depth below the surface of the water body. The temperature sensor 11A is, for example, a contact thermometer, which is used to measure the temperature T of the water body at its location. i The water depth pressure sensor 11B is used to measure the pressure P at its location. i , and calculate the depth H of its position relative to the water surface based on the measured pressure i Thus, the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1 measures the depth H at the location of each measurement unit 11. i and water temperature T i .

[0027] The water temperature measuring device further includes a fixing module 4. One end of the fixing module 4 is connected to the part of the water temperature measuring device on the surface of the water body, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the water body. The N measuring units 11 are respectively arranged at different positions of the fixing module 4, so that the N measuring units 11 are located at different depths below the surface of the water body.

[0028] See also Figure 2 The fixing module 4 is composed of, for example, a steel wire 41 and an anchor 42. One end of the steel wire 41 is connected to the part of the water temperature measuring device on the surface of the water body, and the other end is connected to the anchor 42. The other end of the anchor 42 is fixed to the bottom of the water body. The N measuring units 11 are respectively located at different positions of the steel wire 41, so that the N measuring units 11 are set at different depths below the surface of the water body. In this embodiment, the anchor and the steel wire are selected to form the fixing module 4. The anchor can firmly buckle the bottom of the water body, and the steel wire can be stably fixed between the bottom of the water body and the surface of the water body, so as to prevent the water body from driving the steel wire to drift and affecting the depth of the measuring unit 11.

[0029] The water surface temperature measurement module 2 is used to measure the second temperature of the water surface. Figure 2The water surface temperature measurement module 2 includes a first radiation thermometer 21, a multi-angle adjustment device 22, and a second radiation thermometer 23. The water surface temperature measurement module 2 is located above the water surface, and the distance from the water surface should not be too large to avoid affecting the measurement accuracy. The first radiation thermometer 21 and the second radiation thermometer 23 in the water surface temperature measurement module 2 are, for example, located at a height of about 1 m above the water surface.

[0030] The first radiation thermometer 21 is connected to the multi-angle adjustment device 22. The first radiation thermometer 21 is, for example, fixed on the multi-angle adjustment device 22. The multi-angle adjustment device 22 uses its motor and rotating mechanism to drive the first radiation thermometer 21 to rotate, so that the first radiation thermometer 21 rotates within an angle range of -90° to +90° in a single cut plane. The first radiation thermometer 21 measures the brightness of the water surface radiation from multiple angles within an angle range of -90° to +90° in a single cut plane.

[0031] The second radiation thermometer 23 is used to measure the brightness of the downward long-wave radiation of the atmosphere. The second radiation thermometer 23 is inclined relative to the horizontal plane, and the inclination angle is, for example, 53°. Figure 2 As shown, the tilt angle is the tilt angle of the second radiation thermometer 23. In the long-wave infrared atmospheric downlink radiation measurement, the tilt angle of the second radiation thermometer 23 is set to 53°, at which time the error between the measured value of the second radiation thermometer 23 and the actual value is the smallest.

[0032] Under cloudless conditions, assuming that the atmospheric level is uniform and isotropic, and ignoring the scattering effect of the atmosphere, the transmission equation of long-wave infrared radiation is:

[0033] L sensor =τ·[ε λ ·B(T s ,λ)+(1-ε λ )·L atm↓ ]+L atm↑ (1)

[0034] Among them, L sensor is the sensor entrance pupil radiance, τ is the atmospheric transmittance from the water surface to the radiation thermometer, ε λ is the emissivity of the water surface, B is the Planck function, T s is the surface temperature of the water body, λ is the wavelength of the downward long-wave radiation of the atmosphere, L atm↓ is the brightness of the atmospheric downward longwave radiation, L atm↑ is the brightness of the atmospheric upward longwave radiation.

[0035] The second radiation thermometer 23 is located at a certain height above the water surface, that is, the second radiation thermometer 23 is at the surface layer, the atmospheric transmittance τ of the path from the water surface to the radiation thermometer is 1, and the brightness of the atmospheric upward long-wave radiation L atm↑ is 0, then the transmission equation of long-wave infrared radiation can be simplified to:

[0036] L surf =ε λ ·B(T s ,λ)+(1-ε λ )·L atm↓ (2)

[0037] Among them, L surf is the measured value of the ground height, i.e. L surf is the brightness of the water surface radiation measured by the first radiation thermometer 21. From formula (2), we can know that the temperature T of the water surface is s for:

[0038]

[0039] The control module 3 calculates the first temperature of the water surface according to the data measured by the water surface temperature measurement module 2, calculates the second temperature of the water surface according to the N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1, and adjusts the number N and position of the measurement units 11 in the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1 according to the first temperature and the second temperature, until the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is within a preset range. Figure 3 , the control module 3 executes operations S110′-operation S120′ and operations S110-operation S160.

[0040] Operation S110 ′: acquiring the water surface radiation brightness and the atmosphere downward long-wave radiation brightness measured by the water surface temperature measurement module 2 .

[0041] Specifically, the control module 3 obtains the brightness L of the water surface radiation measured by the first radiation thermometer 21 surf and the brightness L of the downward long-wave radiation of the atmosphere measured by the second radiation thermometer 23 atm↓ .

[0042] Operation S120': obtaining a first temperature of the surface of the water body according to the surface radiance of the water body and the downward long-wave radiance of the atmosphere.

[0043] Specifically, the control module 3 obtains the water surface radiation brightness L surf and the atmospheric downwelling longwave radiation brightness L atm↓ Calculate the first temperature T1 of the water surface. The first temperature T1 is the water surface temperature measured by the water surface temperature measurement module 2. The first temperature T1 is:

[0044]

[0045] Operation S110: acquiring N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1.

[0046] Specifically, the temperature data measured by the temperature sensor 11A and the depth data measured by the water depth pressure sensor 11B in each measuring unit 11 are acquired, and the temperature data and the depth data correspond to each other one by one.

[0047] In operation S120, unqualified temperatures and depths are eliminated.

[0048] Before calculating the second temperature T2 of the water surface according to the N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1, the control module 3 needs to judge the N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1 to eliminate unqualified temperatures and depths.

[0049] Specifically, based on the time series observations and longitudinal observation data, a filtering method is used to remove bad pixels from the N temperature chain data; and based on the time series observations and longitudinal observation data, a filtering method is used to remove bad pixels from the depth data to avoid affecting the measurement accuracy and precision of the device due to failures of the temperature sensor 11A and the water depth pressure sensor 11B.

[0050] Operation S130: construct a relationship curve between the temperature of the water body and the depth, and calculate a second temperature of the surface of the water body according to the relationship curve.

[0051] The control module 3 is used to calculate the second temperature T2 of the water surface according to the N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1. The second temperature T2 is the calculated surface temperature of the water body. Specifically, the corresponding relationship curve between the water body temperature and the depth is obtained according to the N groups of temperatures and depths using the least squares method.

[0052] In this embodiment, the least square method is used to generate a corresponding relationship curve between the water body temperature T and the depth h according to the N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1. Further, a corresponding relationship curve between the water body temperature T and the depth h is generated according to the K groups of qualified temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1, where K≤N. Specifically, according to the correlation between the water body temperature and the water body depth in the related art, it can be known that the relationship between the water body temperature T and the depth h can be expressed by formula (5):

[0053] T(h)=a·h 2 +b·h+c (5)

[0054] Among them, a, b, and c are the coefficients of the quadratic term, the coefficients of the linear term, and the constant term, respectively. According to the temperature and depth data of the K groups measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1, the fitting coefficients corresponding to a, b, and c are obtained by least squares fitting, and the relationship curve between the water body temperature T and the depth h is reconstructed according to the fitted a, b, and c, that is, the above formula (5) is reconstructed, and the second temperature T2 of the water body surface is calculated according to the reconstructed relationship curve. The second temperature T2 is the water body temperature when the depth h = 0, that is, T2 = c.

[0055] Operation S140: determining whether a difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is within a preset range.

[0056] Specifically, the control module 3 is also used to compare the first temperature T1 obtained according to the data measured by the water surface measurement module 2 with the second temperature T2 obtained according to the data measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1 to verify the accuracy and precision of the reconstructed relationship curve. When the difference between the first temperature T1 and the second temperature T2 is not within the preset range, it indicates that the relationship curve between the water body temperature T and the depth h reconstructed using the fitting coefficients a, b, and c obtained by the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1 is not accurate, and operation S150 is executed; when the difference between the first temperature T1 and the second temperature T2 is very small (that is, within the preset range), it indicates that the reconstructed relationship curve meets the requirements, and the position and quantity settings of the measurement unit 11 in the current underwater temperature chain measurement module 1 meet the requirements, and operation S160 is executed.

[0057] Operation S150 : adjusting the position and quantity of the measuring units 11 in the underwater temperature chain measuring module 1 .

[0058] The difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is not within the preset range, and the position and number of the measuring units 11 in the underwater temperature chain measuring module 1 need to be adjusted.

[0059] The control module 3 is also used to obtain a corresponding relationship curve between water body temperature and depth according to the M groups of temperatures and depths measured by the adjusted underwater temperature chain measurement module 1, where M is the number of the adjusted measurement units 11. Specifically, after adjusting the position and number of the measurement units 11, the above operations S110′-operation S120′ and operations S110-operation S140 are repeatedly performed.

[0060] In this embodiment, operation S150 includes: only adjusting the position of the measuring unit 11 in the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1, and the number of the measuring unit 11 remains unchanged; or, adjusting the position and the number of the measuring unit 11 in the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1 at the same time.

[0061] Operation S160: acquiring the water temperature at any depth according to the relationship curve.

[0062] The difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is within the preset range, indicating that the relationship curve reconstructed based on the data measured by the current underwater temperature chain measurement module 1 meets the accuracy and precision requirements. At this time, the water temperature at any depth below the water surface can be obtained according to the relationship curve (i.e., formula (5)).

[0063] The water temperature measuring device further comprises a supporting module 5, which is used to support the water surface temperature measuring module 2 and control the balance of the water temperature measuring device. Figure 2 The supporting module 5 includes a buoy body 51 , a supporting frame 52 , a bracket 53 , a counterweight block 54 and a cross bar 55 .

[0064] The buoy body 51 and the counterweight block 54 are metal weights used to maintain the overall balance of the water temperature measuring device and maintain the stability of the water temperature measuring device. The support frame 52 and the bracket 53 are mainly used to support the radiation thermometer in the water surface temperature measuring module 2 above the buoy body 51. The crossbar 55 is used to connect the first radiation thermometer 21 and the second radiation thermometer 23, wherein the multi-angle adjustment device 22 is fixedly connected to one end of the crossbar 55, the first radiation thermometer 21 is fixed to one end of the crossbar 55 through the multi-angle adjustment device 22, and the second radiation thermometer 23 is fixed to the other end of the crossbar 55.

[0065] The water body temperature measuring device also includes a power supply module 6. Figure 2 The power supply module 6 includes a solar panel and a battery. The solar panel is used to provide electrical energy to the battery, and the battery is used to power the water temperature measuring device to ensure that the water temperature measuring device can continue to work.

[0066] In this embodiment, the control module 3 can also be used to control the start and stop of the power supply module 6 in the water temperature measurement device, and convert the solar energy collected by the solar panel into electrical energy to provide electrical energy for the battery, thereby ensuring the continuity of the observation time. The control module 3 can also be used to remotely receive user instructions and rotate the multi-angle adjustment device 22 according to the user instructions, thereby adjusting the orientation angle of the first radiation thermometer 21, and adjusting the orientation angle of the second radiation thermometer 23 according to the user instructions, completing the measurement angle deployment, and realizing the continuous measurement of underwater temperature, water surface radiation temperature, and long-wave infrared atmospheric downlink radiation data in an unattended situation. The control module 3 can also be used to collect the measurement data of the underwater temperature chain measurement module 1 and the water surface temperature measurement module 2, and store the collected data, etc. The control module 3 can also be used to set the power on and off time of the water temperature measurement device, the data collection interval, etc.

[0067] Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for measuring the temperature of a water body by using a water body temperature measuring device, the method comprising: each measuring unit 11 measures the depth of its position relative to the surface of the water body and the temperature of the water body at its position; a water body surface temperature measuring module 2 measures a first temperature of the water body surface; a control module 3 calculates a second temperature of the water body surface based on N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the measuring units 11, where N is the number of measuring units 11, and adjusts the number and positions of the measuring units 11 based on the first temperature and the second temperature until the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is within a preset range.

[0068] In this embodiment, the operation performed by the method for measuring the temperature of a water body by the water body temperature measuring device is the same as that of the above-mentioned Figure 1-Figure 3 The working process of the water temperature measuring device in the illustrated embodiment is the same and will not be described again here.

[0069] In the disclosed embodiment, the water body temperature measuring device includes an underwater temperature chain measurement module located below the water body surface and a water body surface temperature measurement module located at a certain position above the water body surface. The control module calculates the second temperature of the water body surface based on N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module, calculates the first temperature of the water body surface based on the measurement data of the water body surface temperature measurement module, and adjusts the number and position of measurement units in the underwater temperature chain measurement module based on the first temperature and the second temperature until the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is within a preset range, and the water body temperature at any depth calculated using the underwater temperature chain measured by the adjusted underwater temperature chain measurement module is more accurate, thereby improving the accuracy and precision of the device.

[0070] Although the present disclosure has been shown and described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but should be determined not only by the appended claims, but also by the equivalents of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A water temperature measuring device, characterized in that: The device comprises: An underwater temperature chain measurement module (1), located below the surface of a water body, comprising N measurement units (11), each of the measurement units (11) being used to measure the depth of the location thereof relative to the surface of the water body and the temperature of the water body at the location thereof, N being an integer greater than 1; A water body surface temperature measurement module (2), used to measure a first temperature of the water body surface; A control module (3) is used to calculate a second temperature of the surface of the water body according to the N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module (1), and to adjust the number and position of the measurement units (11) according to the first temperature and the second temperature until the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is within a preset range; Wherein, the water surface temperature measurement module (2) comprises: First radiation thermometer (21); A multi-angle adjustment device (22) for rotating the first radiation thermometer (21) so that the first radiation thermometer (21) measures the brightness of radiation from the surface of the water body from multiple angles; A second radiation thermometer (23) for measuring the brightness of the downward long-wave radiation of the atmosphere; The first temperature of the water surface is: in, is the first temperature, is the inverse function of Planck function, is the brightness of the water surface radiation measured by the first radiation thermometer (21), is the surface emissivity of the water body, is the brightness of the atmospheric downward long-wave radiation measured by the second radiation thermometer (23), is the wavelength of the downward longwave radiation from the atmosphere.

2. The water temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module (3) is further used to obtain a corresponding relationship curve between water body temperature and depth based on M groups of temperature and depth measured by the adjusted underwater temperature chain measurement module (1), where M is the number of the adjusted measurement units (11).

3. The water body temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the measuring units (11) comprises: A temperature sensor (11A) for measuring the temperature of a water body at a location where the measuring unit (11) is located; The water depth pressure sensor (11B) is used to measure the pressure at the location where the measuring unit (11) is located, and calculate the depth of the location where the measuring unit (11) is located relative to the surface of the water body based on the measured pressure.

4. The water body temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water body temperature measuring device also includes: A fixed module (4) has one end connected to the portion of the water temperature measuring device located on the surface of the water body and the other end connected to the bottom of the water body, and the N measuring units (11) are respectively arranged at different positions of the fixed module (4).

5. The water body temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module (3) is also used to judge the N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module (1) to eliminate unqualified temperatures and depths.

6. The water temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module (3) calculates a second temperature of the water surface according to the N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the underwater temperature chain measurement module (1), comprising: Using the least square method, a corresponding relationship curve between water body temperature and depth is obtained according to the N groups of temperature and depth; The second temperature of the water body surface is calculated according to the corresponding relationship curve.

7. The water body temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes: A support module (5) is used to support the water body surface temperature measurement module (2) and to control the balance of the water body temperature measurement device.

8. A method for measuring water temperature using the water temperature measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: Each measuring unit (11) measures the depth of the location relative to the surface of the water body and the temperature of the water body at the location; The water body surface temperature measurement module (2) measures a first temperature of the water body surface; The control module (3) calculates a second temperature of the surface of the water body according to N groups of temperatures and depths measured by the measuring units (11), N being the number of the measuring units (11), and adjusts the number and positions of the measuring units (11) according to the first temperature and the second temperature until the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is within a preset range.

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