A desulfurization device and desulfurization method for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas

Abstract

The present invention relates to a desulfurization device and a desulfurization method for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas; the device comprises a boiler tail gas system and a desulfurization system, and a sulfuric acid production device; the boiler tail gas system comprises a boiler, and the tail gas pipeline of the boiler is connected to a first pressure gauge; the desulfurization system comprises a middle and lower air inlet of a desulfurization tower, a first online analyzer is arranged at the top gas outlet of the desulfurization tower, a first packing layer is arranged at the inner upper part of the desulfurization tower, a first differential pressure gauge, a first upper flushing water spray device and a first lower flushing water spray device are arranged between the upper and lower sides of the first packing layer, and a first flushing water recovery device is arranged at the bottom of the first lower flushing water spray device; the outlet of the acid mist collector of the sulfuric acid production device is connected to the middle and lower air inlet of the desulfurization tower through a sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge, a pollutant detector and a first sulfuric acid tail gas air supply valve; the device has the characteristics of reasonable process design, low initial investment, low power energy consumption, high desulfurization efficiency, good desulfurization effect and environmental friendliness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of desulfurization, and specifically relates to a desulfurization device and a desulfurization method for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas. Background Art

[0002] In the field of coal chemical industry, sulfuric acid plant burns low-temperature methanol-washed acid gas to react H2S in the gas to generate sulfuric acid products. However, the SO2 concentration in the tail gas produced by the plant is about 700mg / m³, which is much higher than the requirement of SO2≤100mg / m³ in GB31570-2015 "Petroleum Refining Industry Pollutant Emission Standard". It is necessary to set up or install a desulfurization device to remove SO2 in the tail gas to meet the emission standard requirements and reduce the impact on the surrounding environment. If a tail gas treatment system is added to the sulfuric acid plant alone, a large amount of desulfurization equipment purchase costs will be required, and the power consumption of power equipment and desulfurization agent consumption will increase during operation; the above process causes the production cost of sulfuric acid products to remain high, reducing the economic benefits of sulfuric acid products, especially when the market price of sulfuric acid products is low. The adoption of the above operation mode directly leads to the embarrassing situation that the enterprise is in a loss when producing sulfuric acid products, and the environment will be polluted if the above operation mode is not adopted. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a desulfurization device and a desulfurization method for synergistically treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas, which solves the problem that if sulfuric acid tail gas is not treated, there will be environmental problems, and if it is treated, the cost is too high, resulting in poor economic benefits of sulfuric acid products.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A desulfurization device for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas without boosting, the device comprising: at least one boiler tail gas system and a desulfurization system for desulfurizing boiler tail gas; at least one sulfuric acid production device for preparing sulfuric acid from H2S gas; the boiler tail gas system comprises a boiler, and the tail gas pipeline of the boiler is connected to a first pressure gauge; the desulfurization system comprises an air inlet in the middle and lower part of a desulfurization tower connected to the first pressure gauge, a first online analyzer is arranged at the gas outlet at the top of the desulfurization tower, a first packing layer is arranged at the inner upper part of the desulfurization tower, and a first differential pressure gauge, a first pressure gauge and a first pressure gauge are arranged between the upper and lower sides of the first packing layer. An upper flushing water spray device and a first lower flushing water spray device, a first flushing water recovery device is arranged at the bottom of the first lower flushing water spray device, the first flushing water recovery device is connected to the upper part of the cooling water tower through a return water pump, and the bottom of the cooling water tower is respectively connected to the first upper flushing water spray device and the first lower flushing water spray device through an upper water pump; the outlet of the acid mist collector in the sulfuric acid production device is connected to the middle and lower air inlet of the desulfurization tower through a sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge, a pollutant detector and a first sulfuric acid tail gas air supply valve; the pressure displayed in the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge is greater than the pressure displayed in the first pressure gauge.

[0006] Preferably, the boiler is connected to the first pressure gauge via an induced draft fan and a first boiler flue gas supply valve.

[0007] Preferably, the device also includes at least one spare desulfurization tower, and the lower air inlet of the spare desulfurization tower is respectively connected to the third end of the first tee and the third end of the second tee; a second online analyzer is provided at the top gas outlet of the spare desulfurization tower, and a second packing layer is provided at the inner upper part of the spare desulfurization tower, and a second differential pressure gauge, a second upper flushing water spray device and a second lower flushing water spray device are provided between the upper and lower sides of the second packing layer, and a second flushing water recovery device is provided at the bottom of the second lower flushing water spray device, and the second flushing water recovery device is connected to the upper part of the cooling water tower through a return water pump, and the bottom of the cooling water tower is respectively connected to the second upper flushing water spray device and the second lower flushing water spray device through an upper water pump.

[0008] Preferably, the first three-way connection is arranged between the induced draft fan and the first boiler flue gas supply valve; the second three-way connection is arranged between the pollutant detector and the first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve.

[0009] Preferably, a second boiler flue gas supply valve and a second pressure gauge are provided in sequence between the third end of the first tee and the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower; a second sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve is provided between the third end of the second tee and the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower.

[0010] Preferably, the sulfuric acid production device includes an H2S gas pipeline, which is connected to the flare section and the sulfuric acid production section respectively; the flare section includes a flare valve connected to the H2S gas pipeline and a torch connected to the flare valve; the sulfuric acid production section includes a sulfuric acid valve connected to the H2S gas pipeline, and the sulfuric acid valve is connected to the acid mist collector through a burner, a reactor and a sulfuric acid vapor condenser.

[0011] Preferably, a third tee, a first shut-off valve and a third pressure gauge are provided in sequence between the sulfuric acid vapor condenser and the acid mist collector; a second shut-off valve and a fourth tee are provided in sequence between the pollutant detector and the second tee; and a shortcut pipe with a third shut-off valve is provided between the third end of the third tee and the third end of the fourth tee.

[0012] Preferably, a first filler flushing valve is provided at the inlet end of the first upper flushing water spray device, and a second filler flushing valve is provided at the inlet end of the first lower flushing water spray device; a third filler flushing valve is provided at the inlet end of the second upper flushing water spray device; and a fourth filler flushing valve is provided at the inlet end of the second lower flushing water spray device.

[0013] Preferably, the device also includes a control system, which includes a DCS main control card and an overpressure alarm module; the signal input of the DCS main control card is respectively connected to the first pressure gauge, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge, the second pressure gauge, the third pressure gauge, the first differential pressure gauge and the second differential pressure gauge; the signal output end of the DCS main control card is respectively connected to the overpressure alarm module, the first boiler flue gas supply valve, the second boiler flue gas supply valve, the first packing flushing valve, the second packing flushing valve, the third packing flushing valve, the fourth packing flushing valve, the first shut-off valve, the second shut-off valve, the third stop valve, the first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve and the second sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve.

[0014] A desulfurization method for a desulfurization device for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas, the desulfurization method comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: The DCS main control card controls the second boiler flue gas supply valve to close, and controls the first boiler flue gas supply valve to open, and starts the induced draft fan at the same time; the boiler tail gas passes through the induced draft fan, the first boiler flue gas supply valve and the first pressure gauge in turn to enter the desulfurization tower for desulfurization purification, and at the same time, the pressure data of the first pressure gauge is transmitted to the DCS main control card, and the boiler flue gas delivery system is established;

[0016] Step 2: After the boiler flue gas delivery system is established, the pressure difference data in the first differential pressure gauge is transmitted to the DCS main control card; when the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge is less than 200Pa, the tail gas of the sulfuric acid device is prepared for desulfurization; when the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump is started, and the DCS main control card controls the first packing flushing valve and the second packing flushing valve to open, and the flushing water in the cooling tower enters the first upper flushing water spray device and the first lower flushing water spray device through the upper water pump to flush the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer to reduce the bed resistance of the first packing layer, until the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge is less than 200Pa;

[0017] Step 3: Close the flare valve and open the sulfuric acid valve. The H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline generates sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid tail gas through the burner, reactor and sulfuric acid steam condenser. The sulfuric acid tail gas enters the acid mist collector to capture droplets. The third pressure gauge is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas entering the acid mist collector. The sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas after entering the captured droplets. The pressure data of the third pressure gauge and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge are respectively entered into the DCS main control card; when the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge is not less than 1000Pa, the DCS main control card controls the overpressure alarm module to alarm, and controls the first block valve and the second block valve to close, opens the third stop valve, and inspects the acid mist collector;

[0018] When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge is less than 1000Pa, the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge and the first pressure gauge is compared. When the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge and the first pressure gauge is greater than 2000Pa, the DCS main control card controls the first sulfuric acid tail gas delivery valve to open, and the sulfuric acid tail gas and boiler tail gas after the droplets are captured enter the desulfurization tower together for desulfurization and purification, and a sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established;

[0019] At this time, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure is driven by the H2S gas pressure and the combustion air pressure to overcome the pressure of the sulfuric acid production department, forming a positive pressure zone; the boiler tail gas pressure is formed by the induced draft fan and the chimney effect of the desulfurization tower, forming a low pressure zone; the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge and the first pressure gauge is ensured to be greater than 2000Pa through the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge and the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge, so as to achieve the desulfurization of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas without pressurization.

[0020] Step 4: After the sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established, the pollutant detector monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration of the sulfuric acid tail gas after the droplets are captured in real time, and the first online analyzer monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration at the outlet of the desulfurization tower in real time; real-time monitoring of the above data provides a basis for the desulfurization operation to ensure that the tail gas meets the discharge standards;

[0021] Step 5: After running continuously for a period of time, when the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump is started, and the DCS main control card controls the first packing flushing valve and the second packing flushing valve to open. The flushing water in the cooling tower enters the first upper flushing water spray device and the first lower flushing water spray device through the upper water pump to flush the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer to reduce the bed resistance of the first packing layer. When the above flushing cannot make the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge less than 200Pa, the standby desulfurization tower is started;

[0022] Step 6: The DCS main control card controls the first boiler flue gas supply valve to close, and controls the second boiler flue gas supply valve to open, and starts the induced draft fan at the same time; the boiler tail gas passes through the induced draft fan, the second boiler flue gas supply valve and the second pressure gauge in turn to enter the standby desulfurization tower for desulfurization purification, and at the same time, the pressure data of the second pressure gauge is transmitted to the DCS main control card, and the boiler flue gas delivery system is established;

[0023] Step 7: After the boiler flue gas delivery system is established, the pressure difference data in the second pressure differential gauge is transmitted to the DCS main control card; when the pressure difference in the second pressure differential gauge is less than 200Pa, the tail gas of the sulfuric acid device is prepared for desulfurization; when the pressure difference in the second pressure differential gauge is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump is started, and the DCS main control card controls the third packing flushing valve and the fourth packing flushing valve to open, and the flushing water in the cooling tower enters the second upper flushing water spray device and the second lower flushing water spray device through the upper water pump to flush the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer to reduce the bed resistance of the second packing layer, until the pressure difference in the second pressure differential gauge is less than 200Pa;

[0024] Step 8: Close the flare valve and open the sulfuric acid valve. The H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline generates sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid tail gas through the burner, reactor and sulfuric acid steam condenser. The sulfuric acid tail gas enters the acid mist collector to capture droplets. The third pressure gauge is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas entering the acid mist collector. The sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas after entering the captured droplets. The pressure data of the third pressure gauge and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge are respectively entered into the DCS main control card.

[0025] When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge is not less than 1000Pa, the DCS main control card controls the overpressure alarm module to alarm, and controls the first block valve and the second block valve to close, opens the third stop valve, and inspects the acid mist collector;

[0026] When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge is less than 1000Pa, the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge and the second pressure gauge is compared. When the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge and the second pressure gauge is greater than 2000Pa, the DCS main control card controls the second sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve to open, and the sulfuric acid tail gas and boiler tail gas after capturing droplets enter the standby desulfurization tower for desulfurization and purification, and establish a sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system;

[0027] At this time, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure is driven by the H2S gas pressure and the combustion air pressure to overcome the pressure of the sulfuric acid production department, forming a positive pressure zone; the boiler tail gas pressure is formed by the induced draft fan and the chimney effect of the standby desulfurization tower, forming a low pressure zone; the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge and the second pressure gauge is ensured to be greater than 2000Pa through the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge and the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge, so as to realize the non-pressurized coordinated treatment of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas desulfurization;

[0028] Step 9: After the sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established, the pollutant detector monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration of the sulfuric acid tail gas after the droplets are captured in real time, and the second online analyzer monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration at the outlet of the standby desulfurization tower in real time; real-time monitoring of the above data provides a basis for the desulfurization operation to ensure that the tail gas meets the discharge standards;

[0029] Step 10: After running continuously for a period of time, when the pressure difference in the second differential pressure gauge is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump is started, and the DCS main control card controls the third packing flushing valve and the fourth packing flushing valve to open. The flushing water in the cooling tower enters the second upper flushing water spray device and the second lower flushing water spray device through the upper water pump to flush the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer to reduce the bed resistance of the second packing layer. When the above flushing cannot make the pressure difference in the second differential pressure gauge less than 200Pa, the desulfurization tower is started; when the desulfurization tower is started, the above steps 1 to 5 are repeated;

[0030] Step 11: When a fault occurs in the sulfuric acid production unit during the operation of the above steps 1 to 10, the sulfuric acid valve is closed, the flare valve is opened, and the H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline enters the flare through the flare valve and is burned and discharged;

[0031] Step 12: When the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer are rinsed in the first upper rinsing water spray device and the first lower rinsing water spray device in step 2 and step 5, the rinsing water enters the first rinsing water recovery device and circulates to the cooling tower through the return water pump;

[0032] Step 13: When the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer are rinsed in the second upper rinse water spray device and the second lower rinse water spray device in step 7 and step 10, the rinse water enters the second rinse water recovery device and circulates to the cooling tower through the return water pump.

[0033] A desulfurization device and a desulfurization method for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas made according to the above scheme can realize collaborative treatment of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas without pressurization by setting a boiler tail gas system, a sulfuric acid production device and a desulfurization system, so as to realize the purpose of simultaneously desulfurizing boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas, that is, the desulfurization device of the present invention can be applied to the simultaneous desulfurization of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas. In the actual production process, the tail gas of the sulfuric acid production device can be incorporated into the boiler tail gas desulfurization system, the boiler tail gas can be incorporated into the sulfuric acid production device tail gas desulfurization system, or the boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas can share a set of desulfurization systems. This method can be conveniently modified in existing equipment or can realize the purpose of sharing a set of desulfurization equipment for flue gas and tail gas, so as to save equipment investment and reduce The invention has the characteristics of small equipment footprint; at the same time, the boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas are treated in a non-powered collaborative manner, that is, the purpose of simultaneously desulfurizing the flue gas and tail gas is achieved without using power to pressurize the tail gas, which can not only reduce the power consumption of power equipment, but also achieve the purpose of improving the desulfurization efficiency; the key to the non-pressurized collaborative treatment of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas desulfurization of the present invention is to form a positive pressure zone in the sulfuric acid production device part, and at the same time, the boiler tail gas and the chimney effect of the desulfurization tower jointly form a low pressure zone, thereby establishing a boiler flue gas conveying system and a sulfuric acid tail gas conveying system to achieve the purpose of simultaneously coordinating the treatment of flue gas and tail gas; it has the characteristics of simple structure, reasonable process design, small initial investment, small power energy consumption, high desulfurization efficiency, environmental friendliness, good desulfurization effect and easy maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] See also Figure 1-2The present invention is a desulfurization device and a desulfurization method for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas, the device comprising: at least one boiler tail gas system and a desulfurization system for desulfurizing boiler tail gas; at least one sulfuric acid production device for preparing sulfuric acid from H2S gas; the boiler tail gas system comprises a boiler 1, the tail gas pipeline of the boiler 1 is connected to a first pressure gauge 4; the desulfurization system comprises a lower air inlet at a desulfurization tower 5 connected to the first pressure gauge 4, a first online analyzer 18 is provided at the top gas outlet of the desulfurization tower 5, a first packing layer 48 is provided at the inner upper part of the desulfurization tower 5, a first differential pressure gauge 28 and a first upper flushing water spray are provided between the upper and lower sides of the first packing layer 48 The first lower flushing water spraying device 41 and the first lower flushing water spraying device 43 are provided at the bottom of the first lower flushing water spraying device 43. The first flushing water recovery device 44 is connected to the upper part of the cooling tower 20 through the return water pump 42. The bottom of the cooling tower 20 is connected to the first upper flushing water spraying device 41 and the first lower flushing water spraying device 43 through the upper water pump 22; the outlet of the acid mist collector 10 in the sulfuric acid production device is connected to the lower air inlet of the desulfurization tower 5 through the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12, the pollutant detector 13 and the first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 14; the pressure displayed in the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is greater than the pressure displayed in the first pressure gauge 4. The boiler 1 is connected to the first pressure gauge 4 through the induced draft fan 2 and the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3. The device also includes at least one standby desulfurization tower 9, the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9 is connected to the third end of the first tee 6 and the third end of the second tee 15 respectively; the top gas outlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9 is provided with a second online analyzer 19, the upper inner part of the standby desulfurization tower 9 is provided with a second packing layer 49, the upper and lower sides of the second packing layer 49 are provided with a second differential pressure gauge 32, a second upper flushing water spray device 45 and a second lower flushing water spray device 46, the bottom of the second lower flushing water spray device 45 is provided with a second flushing water recovery device 46, the second flushing water recovery device 47 is connected to the upper part of the cooling tower 20 through a return water pump 42, and the bottom of the cooling tower 20 is connected to the second upper flushing water spray device 45 and the second lower flushing water spray device 46 respectively through an upper water pump 22. The first tee 6 is arranged between the induced draft fan 2 and the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3; the second tee 15 is arranged between the pollutant detector 13 and the first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 14. A second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 and a second pressure gauge 8 are provided in sequence between the third end of the first tee 6 and the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9; a second sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 16 is provided between the third end of the second tee and the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9.The sulfuric acid production device includes an H2S gas pipeline 17, which is connected to the flare section and the sulfuric acid production section respectively; the flare section includes a flare valve 33 connected to the H2S gas pipeline 17 and a flare 34 connected to the flare valve 33; the sulfuric acid production section includes a sulfuric acid valve 21 connected to the H2S gas pipeline 17, and the sulfuric acid valve 21 is connected to the acid mist collector 10 through a burner 23, a reactor 24 and a sulfuric acid vapor condenser 26. A third three-way valve 30, a first shut-off valve 36 and a third pressure gauge 11 are sequentially arranged between the sulfuric acid vapor condenser 26 and the acid mist collector 10; a second shut-off valve 37 and a fourth three-way valve 35 are sequentially arranged between the pollutant detector 13 and the second three-way valve 15; a shortcut pipeline with a third shut-off valve 38 is arranged between the third end of the third three-way valve 30 and the third end of the fourth three-way valve 35. The inlet end of the first upper flushing water spray device 41 is provided with a first filler flushing valve 25, the inlet end of the first lower flushing water spray device 43 is provided with a second filler flushing valve 27; the inlet end of the second upper flushing water spray device 45 is provided with a third filler flushing valve 29; the inlet end of the second lower flushing water spray device 46 is provided with a fourth filler flushing valve 31. The device also includes a control system, which includes a DCS main control card 39 and an overpressure alarm module 40; the signal input of the DCS main control card 39 is respectively connected to the first pressure gauge 4, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12, the second pressure gauge 8, the third pressure gauge 11, the first differential pressure gauge 28 and the second differential pressure gauge 32; the signal output end of the DCS main control card 39 is respectively connected to the overpressure alarm module 40, the first boiler flue gas air supply valve 3, the second boiler flue gas air supply valve 7, the first packing flushing valve 25, the second packing flushing valve 27, the third packing flushing valve 29, the fourth packing flushing valve 31, the first shut-off valve 36, the second shut-off valve 37, the third stop valve 38, the first sulfuric acid tail gas air supply valve 14 and the second sulfuric acid tail gas air supply valve 16.

[0038] A desulfurization method for a desulfurization device for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas, the desulfurization method comprising the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: The DCS main control card 39 controls the second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 to close, and controls the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3 to open, and starts the induced draft fan 2 at the same time; the tail gas of the boiler 1 passes through the induced draft fan 2, the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3 and the first pressure gauge 4 in turn to enter the desulfurization tower 5 for desulfurization purification, and at the same time, the pressure data of the first pressure gauge 4 is transmitted to the DCS main control card 39, and the boiler flue gas delivery system is established;

[0040] Step 2: After the boiler flue gas delivery system is established, the pressure difference data in the first pressure difference gauge 28 is transmitted to the DCS main control card 39; when the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge 28 is less than 200Pa, the tail gas of the sulfuric acid device is prepared for desulfurization; when the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge 28 is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump 22 is started, and the DCS main control card 39 controls the first packing flushing valve 25 and the second packing flushing valve 27 to open, and the flushing water in the cooling tower 20 enters the first upper flushing water spray device 41 and the first lower flushing water spray device 43 through the upper water pump 22 to flush the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer 48 to reduce the bed resistance of the first packing layer 48, until the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge 28 is less than 200Pa;

[0041] Step 3: Close the flare valve 33, open the sulfuric acid valve 21, the H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline 17 produces sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid tail gas through the burner 23, the reactor 24 and the sulfuric acid steam condenser 26, the sulfuric acid tail gas enters the acid mist collector 10 to capture droplets, the third pressure gauge 11 is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas entering the acid mist collector 10, and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas after entering the captured droplets. The pressure data of the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 are respectively entered into the DCS main control card 39. When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is not less than 1000Pa, the DCS main control card 39 controls the overpressure alarm module 40 to alarm, and controls the first shut-off valve 36 and the second shut-off valve 37 to close, opens the third stop valve 38, and repairs the acid mist collector 10; when the third pressure gauge 11 and When the pressure difference of the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is less than 1000Pa, the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the first pressure gauge 4 is compared. When the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the first pressure gauge 4 is greater than 2000Pa, the DCS main control card 39 controls the first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 14 to open, and the sulfuric acid tail gas and the boiler tail gas after the droplets are captured enter the desulfurization tower 5 for desulfurization and purification, and a sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established; at this time, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure is driven by the H2S gas pressure and the combustion air pressure to overcome the pressure of the sulfuric acid production department to form a positive pressure zone; the boiler tail gas pressure is formed by the induced draft fan 2 and the chimney effect of the desulfurization tower 5 to form a low pressure zone; the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the first pressure difference gauge 28 is used to ensure that the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the first pressure difference gauge 4 is greater than 2000Pa, so as to achieve non-pressurized collaborative treatment of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas desulfurization;

[0042] Step 4: After the sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established, the pollutant detector 13 monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration of the sulfuric acid tail gas after the droplets are captured in real time, and the first online analyzer 18 monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration at the outlet of the desulfurization tower 5 in real time; real-time monitoring of the above data provides a basis for the desulfurization operation to ensure that the tail gas meets the discharge standards;

[0043] Step 5: After running continuously for a period of time, when the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge 28 is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump 22 is started, and the DCS main control card 39 controls the first packing flushing valve 25 and the second packing flushing valve 27 to be opened. The flushing water in the cooling tower 20 enters the first upper flushing water spray device 41 and the first lower flushing water spray device 43 through the upper water pump 22 to flush the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer 48 to reduce the bed resistance of the first packing layer 48. When the above flushing cannot make the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge 28 less than 200Pa, the standby desulfurization tower 9 is started;

[0044] Step 6: The DCS main control card 39 controls the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3 to close, and controls the second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 to open, and starts the induced draft fan 2 at the same time; the tail gas of the boiler 1 passes through the induced draft fan 2, the second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 and the second pressure gauge 8 in turn to enter the standby desulfurization tower 9 for desulfurization purification, and at the same time, the pressure data of the second pressure gauge 8 is transmitted to the DCS main control card 39, and the boiler flue gas delivery system is established;

[0045] Step 7: After the boiler flue gas delivery system is established, the pressure difference data in the second pressure difference gauge 32 is transmitted to the DCS main control card 39; when the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge 32 is less than 200Pa, the tail gas of the sulfuric acid device is prepared for desulfurization; when the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge 32 is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump 22 is started, and the DCS main control card 39 controls the third packing flushing valve 29 and the fourth packing flushing valve 31 to open, and the flushing water in the cooling tower 20 enters the second upper flushing water spray device 45 and the second lower flushing water spray device 46 through the upper water pump 22 to flush the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer 49 to reduce the bed resistance of the second packing layer 49, until the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge 32 is less than 200Pa;

[0046] Step 8: Close the flare valve 33, open the sulfuric acid valve 21, the H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline 17 produces sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid tail gas through the burner 23, the reactor 24 and the sulfuric acid steam condenser 26, the sulfuric acid tail gas enters the acid mist collector 10 to capture droplets, the third pressure gauge 11 is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas entering the acid mist collector 10, and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas after entering the captured droplets. The pressure data of the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 are respectively entered into the DCS main control card 39. When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is not less than 1000Pa, the DCS main control card 39 controls the overpressure alarm module 40 to alarm, and controls the first shut-off valve 36 and the second shut-off valve 37 to close, opens the third stop valve 38, and repairs the acid mist collector 10; when the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 are ... When the pressure difference of the tail gas pressure gauge 12 is less than 1000Pa, the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the second pressure gauge 8 is compared. When the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the second pressure gauge 8 is greater than 2000Pa, the DCS main control card 39 controls the second sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 16 to open, and the sulfuric acid tail gas and the boiler tail gas after the droplets are captured enter the standby desulfurization tower 9 for desulfurization and purification, and a sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established; at this time, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure is driven by the H2S gas pressure and the combustion air pressure to overcome the pressure of the sulfuric acid production department to form a positive pressure zone; the boiler tail gas pressure is formed by the induced draft fan 2 and the chimney effect of the standby desulfurization tower 9 to form a low pressure zone; the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the second pressure difference gauge 32 is used to ensure that the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the second pressure difference gauge 8 is greater than 2000Pa, so as to achieve non-pressurized collaborative treatment of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas desulfurization;

[0047] Step 9: After the sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established, the pollutant detector 13 monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration of the sulfuric acid tail gas after the droplets are captured in real time, and the second online analyzer 19 monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration at the outlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9 in real time; real-time monitoring of the above data provides a basis for the desulfurization operation to ensure that the tail gas meets the discharge standards;

[0048] Step 10: After running continuously for a period of time, when the pressure difference in the second differential pressure gauge 32 is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump 22 is started, and the DCS main control card 39 controls the third packing flushing valve 29 and the fourth packing flushing valve 31 to be opened. The flushing water in the cooling tower 20 enters the second upper flushing water spray device 45 and the second lower flushing water spray device 46 through the upper water pump 22 to flush the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer 49 to reduce the bed resistance of the second packing layer 49. When the above flushing cannot make the pressure difference in the second differential pressure gauge 32 less than 200Pa, the desulfurization tower 5 is opened; when the desulfurization tower 5 is opened, the above steps 1 to 5 are repeated;

[0049] Step 11: When a fault occurs in the sulfuric acid production unit during the operation of the above steps 1 to 10, the sulfuric acid valve 21 is closed, the flare valve 33 is opened, and the H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline 17 enters the flare 34 through the flare valve 33 for combustion and emission;

[0050] Step 12: When the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer 48 are rinsed in the first upper rinsing water spray device 41 and the first lower rinsing water spray device 43 in step 2 and step 5, the rinsing water enters the first rinsing water recovery device 44 and circulates to the cooling tower 20 through the return water pump 42;

[0051] Step 13: When the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer 49 are flushed in the second upper flushing water spray device 45 and the second lower flushing water spray device 46 in steps 7 and 10, the flushing water enters the second flushing water recovery device 47 and circulates to the cooling tower 20 through the return water pump 42.

[0052] The desulfurization system described in the present invention adopts a one-on-one standby form. By combining several boiler flue gases or several sets of sulfuric acid tail gases and jointly entering the desulfurization system for desulfurization, not only a complete desulfurization system can be omitted, but also the overall effect of the boiler flue gas desulfurization device can be brought into play; through the structure and process settings of the present invention, the SO2 concentration in the exhaust gas can be reduced to below 50mg / m³, so as to achieve the purpose of meeting the emission standards; the above structure and process form have the purpose of reasonable process design, low investment and low power energy consumption, high desulfurization efficiency, and effectively improve the economic benefits of sulfuric acid products.

[0053] In order to explain the present invention in more detail, the present invention is further described in conjunction with embodiments. Specific embodiments are as follows:

[0054] Example 1

[0055] A desulfurization device for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas, the device comprising: at least one boiler tail gas system and a desulfurization system for desulfurizing boiler tail gas; at least one sulfuric acid production device for preparing sulfuric acid from H2S gas; the boiler tail gas system comprises a boiler 1, the tail gas pipeline of the boiler 1 is connected to a first pressure gauge 4; the desulfurization system comprises a lower air inlet at a desulfurization tower 5 connected to the first pressure gauge 4, a first online analyzer 18 is provided at the top gas outlet of the desulfurization tower 5, a first packing layer 48 is provided at the inner upper part of the desulfurization tower 5, a first differential pressure gauge 28, a first upper flushing water spray device 41 and a first pressure gauge 28 are provided between the upper and lower sides of the first packing layer 48. and a first lower flushing water spraying device 43, a first flushing water recovery device 44 is provided at the bottom of the first lower flushing water spraying device 43, the first flushing water recovery device 44 is connected to the upper part of the cooling tower 20 through a return water pump 42, and the bottom of the cooling tower 20 is respectively connected to the first upper flushing water spraying device 41 and the first lower flushing water spraying device 43 through an upper water pump 22; the outlet of the acid mist collector 10 in the sulfuric acid production device is connected to the lower air inlet of the desulfurization tower 5 through a sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12, a pollutant detector 13 and a first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 14; the pressure displayed in the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is greater than the pressure displayed in the first pressure gauge 4. The boiler 1 is connected to the first pressure gauge 4 through an induced draft fan 2 and a first boiler flue gas supply valve 3. The device also includes at least one standby desulfurization tower 9, the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9 is connected to the third end of the first tee 6 and the third end of the second tee 15 respectively; the top gas outlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9 is provided with a second online analyzer 19, the upper inner part of the standby desulfurization tower 9 is provided with a second packing layer 49, the upper and lower sides of the second packing layer 49 are provided with a second differential pressure gauge 32, a second upper flushing water spray device 45 and a second lower flushing water spray device 46, the bottom of the second lower flushing water spray device 45 is provided with a second flushing water recovery device 46, the second flushing water recovery device 47 is connected to the upper part of the cooling tower 20 through a return water pump 42, and the bottom of the cooling tower 20 is connected to the second upper flushing water spray device 45 and the second lower flushing water spray device 46 respectively through an upper water pump 22. The first tee 6 is arranged between the induced draft fan 2 and the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3; the second tee 15 is arranged between the pollutant detector 13 and the first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 14. A second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 and a second pressure gauge 8 are provided in sequence between the third end of the first tee 6 and the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9; a second sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 16 is provided between the third end of the second tee and the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9.The sulfuric acid production device includes an H2S gas pipeline 17, which is connected to the flare section and the sulfuric acid production section respectively; the flare section includes a flare valve 33 connected to the H2S gas pipeline 17 and a flare 34 connected to the flare valve 33; the sulfuric acid production section includes a sulfuric acid valve 21 connected to the H2S gas pipeline 17, and the sulfuric acid valve 21 is connected to the acid mist collector 10 through a burner 23, a reactor 24 and a sulfuric acid vapor condenser 26. A third three-way valve 30, a first shut-off valve 36 and a third pressure gauge 11 are sequentially arranged between the sulfuric acid vapor condenser 26 and the acid mist collector 10; a second shut-off valve 37 and a fourth three-way valve 35 are sequentially arranged between the pollutant detector 13 and the second three-way valve 15; a shortcut pipeline with a third shut-off valve 38 is arranged between the third end of the third three-way valve 30 and the third end of the fourth three-way valve 35. The inlet end of the first upper flushing water spray device 41 is provided with a first filler flushing valve 25, the inlet end of the first lower flushing water spray device 43 is provided with a second filler flushing valve 27; the inlet end of the second upper flushing water spray device 45 is provided with a third filler flushing valve 29; the inlet end of the second lower flushing water spray device 46 is provided with a fourth filler flushing valve 31. The device also includes a control system, which includes a DCS main control card 39 and an overpressure alarm module 40; the signal input of the DCS main control card 39 is respectively connected to the first pressure gauge 4, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12, the second pressure gauge 8, the third pressure gauge 11, the first differential pressure gauge 28 and the second differential pressure gauge 32; the signal output end of the DCS main control card 39 is respectively connected to the overpressure alarm module 40, the first boiler flue gas air supply valve 3, the second boiler flue gas air supply valve 7, the first packing flushing valve 25, the second packing flushing valve 27, the third packing flushing valve 29, the fourth packing flushing valve 31, the first shut-off valve 36, the second shut-off valve 37, the third stop valve 38, the first sulfuric acid tail gas air supply valve 14 and the second sulfuric acid tail gas air supply valve 16.

[0056] A desulfurization method for a desulfurization device for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas, the desulfurization method comprising the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: The DCS main control card 39 controls the second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 to close, and controls the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3 to open, and starts the induced draft fan 2 at the same time; the tail gas of the boiler 1 passes through the induced draft fan 2, the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3 and the first pressure gauge 4 in turn to enter the desulfurization tower 5 for desulfurization purification, and at the same time, the pressure data of the first pressure gauge 4 is transmitted to the DCS main control card 39, and the boiler flue gas delivery system is established;

[0058] Step 2: After the boiler flue gas delivery system is established, the pressure difference data in the first pressure difference gauge 28 is transmitted to the DCS main control card 39; when the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge 28 is less than 200Pa, the tail gas of the sulfuric acid device is prepared for desulfurization; when the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge 28 is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump 22 is started, and the DCS main control card 39 controls the first packing flushing valve 25 and the second packing flushing valve 27 to open, and the flushing water in the cooling tower 20 enters the first upper flushing water spray device 41 and the first lower flushing water spray device 43 through the upper water pump 22 to flush the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer 48 to reduce the bed resistance of the first packing layer 48, until the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge 28 is less than 200Pa;

[0059] Step 3: Close the flare valve 33, open the sulfuric acid valve 21, the H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline 17 produces sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid tail gas through the burner 23, the reactor 24 and the sulfuric acid steam condenser 26, the sulfuric acid tail gas enters the acid mist collector 10 to capture droplets, the third pressure gauge 11 is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas entering the acid mist collector 10, and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas after entering the captured droplets. The pressure data of the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 are respectively entered into the DCS main control card 39. When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is not less than 1000Pa, the DCS main control card 39 controls the overpressure alarm module 40 to alarm, and controls the first shut-off valve 36 and the second shut-off valve 37 to close, opens the third stop valve 38, and repairs the acid mist collector 10; when the third pressure gauge 11 and When the pressure difference of the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is less than 1000Pa, the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the first pressure gauge 4 is compared. When the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the first pressure gauge 4 is greater than 2000Pa, the DCS main control card 39 controls the first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 14 to open, and the sulfuric acid tail gas and the boiler tail gas after the droplets are captured enter the desulfurization tower 5 for desulfurization and purification, and a sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established; at this time, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure is driven by the H2S gas pressure and the combustion air pressure to overcome the pressure of the sulfuric acid production department to form a positive pressure zone; the boiler tail gas pressure is formed by the induced draft fan 2 and the chimney effect of the desulfurization tower 5 to form a low pressure zone; the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the first pressure difference gauge 28 is used to ensure that the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the first pressure difference gauge 4 is greater than 2000Pa, so as to achieve non-pressurized collaborative treatment of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas desulfurization;

[0060] Step 4: After the sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established, the pollutant detector 13 monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration of the sulfuric acid tail gas after the droplets are captured in real time, and the first online analyzer 18 monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration at the outlet of the desulfurization tower 5 in real time; real-time monitoring of the above data provides a basis for the desulfurization operation to ensure that the tail gas meets the discharge standards;

[0061] Step 5: After running continuously for a period of time, when the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge 28 is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump 22 is started, and the DCS main control card 39 controls the first packing flushing valve 25 and the second packing flushing valve 27 to be opened. The flushing water in the cooling tower 20 enters the first upper flushing water spray device 41 and the first lower flushing water spray device 43 through the upper water pump 22 to flush the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer 48 to reduce the bed resistance of the first packing layer 48. When the above flushing cannot make the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge 28 less than 200Pa, the standby desulfurization tower 9 is started;

[0062] Step 6: When a fault occurs in the sulfuric acid production unit during the operation of the above steps 1 to 5, the sulfuric acid valve 21 is closed, the flare valve 33 is opened, and the H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline 17 enters the flare 34 through the flare valve 33 and is burned and discharged;

[0063] When the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer 48 are flushed in the first upper flushing water spray device 41 and the first lower flushing water spray device 43 in step 2 and step 5 in step 7, the flushing water enters the first flushing water recovery device 44 and circulates to the cooling tower 20 through the return water pump 42.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] A desulfurization device for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas, the device comprising: at least one boiler tail gas system and a desulfurization system for desulfurizing boiler tail gas; at least one sulfuric acid production device for preparing sulfuric acid from H2S gas; the boiler tail gas system comprises a boiler 1, the tail gas pipeline of the boiler 1 is connected to a first pressure gauge 4; the desulfurization system comprises a lower air inlet at a desulfurization tower 5 connected to the first pressure gauge 4, a first online analyzer 18 is provided at the top gas outlet of the desulfurization tower 5, a first packing layer 48 is provided at the inner upper part of the desulfurization tower 5, a first differential pressure gauge 28, a first upper flushing water spray device 41 and a first pressure gauge 28 are provided between the upper and lower sides of the first packing layer 48. and a first lower flushing water spraying device 43, a first flushing water recovery device 44 is provided at the bottom of the first lower flushing water spraying device 43, the first flushing water recovery device 44 is connected to the upper part of the cooling tower 20 through a return water pump 42, and the bottom of the cooling tower 20 is respectively connected to the first upper flushing water spraying device 41 and the first lower flushing water spraying device 43 through an upper water pump 22; the outlet of the acid mist collector 10 in the sulfuric acid production device is connected to the lower air inlet of the desulfurization tower 5 through a sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12, a pollutant detector 13 and a first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 14; the pressure displayed in the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is greater than the pressure displayed in the first pressure gauge 4. The boiler 1 is connected to the first pressure gauge 4 through an induced draft fan 2 and a first boiler flue gas supply valve 3. The device also includes at least one standby desulfurization tower 9, the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9 is connected to the third end of the first tee 6 and the third end of the second tee 15 respectively; the top gas outlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9 is provided with a second online analyzer 19, the upper inner part of the standby desulfurization tower 9 is provided with a second packing layer 49, the upper and lower sides of the second packing layer 49 are provided with a second differential pressure gauge 32, a second upper flushing water spray device 45 and a second lower flushing water spray device 46, the bottom of the second lower flushing water spray device 45 is provided with a second flushing water recovery device 46, the second flushing water recovery device 47 is connected to the upper part of the cooling tower 20 through a return water pump 42, and the bottom of the cooling tower 20 is connected to the second upper flushing water spray device 45 and the second lower flushing water spray device 46 respectively through an upper water pump 22. The first tee 6 is arranged between the induced draft fan 2 and the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3; the second tee 15 is arranged between the pollutant detector 13 and the first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 14. A second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 and a second pressure gauge 8 are provided in sequence between the third end of the first tee 6 and the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9; a second sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 16 is provided between the third end of the second tee and the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9.The sulfuric acid production device includes an H2S gas pipeline 17, which is connected to the flare section and the sulfuric acid production section respectively; the flare section includes a flare valve 33 connected to the H2S gas pipeline 17 and a flare 34 connected to the flare valve 33; the sulfuric acid production section includes a sulfuric acid valve 21 connected to the H2S gas pipeline 17, and the sulfuric acid valve 21 is connected to the acid mist collector 10 through a burner 23, a reactor 24 and a sulfuric acid vapor condenser 26. A third three-way valve 30, a first shut-off valve 36 and a third pressure gauge 11 are sequentially arranged between the sulfuric acid vapor condenser 26 and the acid mist collector 10; a second shut-off valve 37 and a fourth three-way valve 35 are sequentially arranged between the pollutant detector 13 and the second three-way valve 15; a shortcut pipeline with a third shut-off valve 38 is arranged between the third end of the third three-way valve 30 and the third end of the fourth three-way valve 35. The inlet end of the first upper flushing water spray device 41 is provided with a first filler flushing valve 25, the inlet end of the first lower flushing water spray device 43 is provided with a second filler flushing valve 27; the inlet end of the second upper flushing water spray device 45 is provided with a third filler flushing valve 29; the inlet end of the second lower flushing water spray device 46 is provided with a fourth filler flushing valve 31. The device also includes a control system, which includes a DCS main control card 39 and an overpressure alarm module 40; the signal input of the DCS main control card 39 is respectively connected to the first pressure gauge 4, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12, the second pressure gauge 8, the third pressure gauge 11, the first differential pressure gauge 28 and the second differential pressure gauge 32; the signal output end of the DCS main control card 39 is respectively connected to the overpressure alarm module 40, the first boiler flue gas air supply valve 3, the second boiler flue gas air supply valve 7, the first packing flushing valve 25, the second packing flushing valve 27, the third packing flushing valve 29, the fourth packing flushing valve 31, the first shut-off valve 36, the second shut-off valve 37, the third stop valve 38, the first sulfuric acid tail gas air supply valve 14 and the second sulfuric acid tail gas air supply valve 16.

[0066] A desulfurization method for a desulfurization device for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas, the desulfurization method comprising the following steps:

[0067] Step 1: The DCS main control card 39 controls the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3 to close, and controls the second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 to open, and starts the induced draft fan 2 at the same time; the tail gas of the boiler 1 passes through the induced draft fan 2, the second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 and the second pressure gauge 8 in turn to enter the standby desulfurization tower 9 for desulfurization purification, and at the same time, the pressure data of the second pressure gauge 8 is transmitted to the DCS main control card 39, and the boiler flue gas delivery system is established;

[0068] Step 2: After the boiler flue gas delivery system is established, the pressure difference data in the second pressure difference gauge 32 is transmitted to the DCS main control card 39; when the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge 32 is less than 200Pa, the tail gas of the sulfuric acid device is prepared for desulfurization; when the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge 32 is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump 22 is started, and the DCS main control card 39 controls the third packing flushing valve 29 and the fourth packing flushing valve 31 to open, and the flushing water in the cooling tower 20 enters the second upper flushing water spray device 45 and the second lower flushing water spray device 46 through the upper water pump 22 to flush the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer 49 to reduce the bed resistance of the second packing layer 49, until the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge 32 is less than 200Pa;

[0069] Step 3: Close the flare valve 33, open the sulfuric acid valve 21, the H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline 17 produces sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid tail gas through the burner 23, the reactor 24 and the sulfuric acid steam condenser 26, the sulfuric acid tail gas enters the acid mist collector 10 to capture droplets, the third pressure gauge 11 is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas entering the acid mist collector 10, and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas after entering the captured droplets. The pressure data of the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 are respectively entered into the DCS main control card 39. When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is not less than 1000Pa, the DCS main control card 39 controls the overpressure alarm module 40 to alarm, and controls the first shut-off valve 36 and the second shut-off valve 37 to close, opens the third stop valve 38, and repairs the acid mist collector 10; when the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 are When the pressure difference of the tail gas pressure gauge 12 is less than 1000Pa, the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the second pressure gauge 8 is compared. When the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the second pressure gauge 8 is greater than 2000Pa, the DCS main control card 39 controls the second sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 16 to open, and the sulfuric acid tail gas and the boiler tail gas after the droplets are captured enter the standby desulfurization tower 9 for desulfurization and purification, and a sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established; at this time, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure is driven by the H2S gas pressure and the combustion air pressure to overcome the pressure of the sulfuric acid production department to form a positive pressure zone; the boiler tail gas pressure is formed by the induced draft fan 2 and the chimney effect of the standby desulfurization tower 9 to form a low pressure zone; the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the second pressure difference gauge 32 is used to ensure that the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the second pressure difference gauge 8 is greater than 2000Pa, so as to achieve non-pressurized collaborative treatment of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas desulfurization;

[0070] Step 4: After the sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established, the pollutant detector 13 monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration of the sulfuric acid tail gas after the droplets are captured in real time, and the second online analyzer 19 monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration at the outlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9 in real time; real-time monitoring of the above data provides a basis for the desulfurization operation to ensure that the tail gas meets the discharge standards;

[0071] Step 5: After running continuously for a period of time, when the pressure difference in the second differential pressure gauge 32 is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump 22 is started, and the DCS main control card 39 controls the third packing flushing valve 29 and the fourth packing flushing valve 31 to be opened. The flushing water in the cooling tower 20 enters the second upper flushing water spraying device 45 and the second lower flushing water spraying device 46 through the upper water pump 22 to flush the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer 49 to reduce the bed resistance of the second packing layer 49. When the above flushing cannot make the pressure difference in the second differential pressure gauge 32 less than 200Pa, the desulfurization tower 5 is started;

[0072] Step 6: When a fault occurs in the sulfuric acid production unit during the operation of the above steps 1 to 5, the sulfuric acid valve 21 is closed, the flare valve 33 is opened, and the H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline 17 enters the flare 34 through the flare valve 33 for combustion and emission;

[0073] Step 13: When the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer 49 are flushed in the second upper flushing water spray device 45 and the second lower flushing water spray device 46 in step 2 and step 5, the flushing water enters the second flushing water recovery device 47 and circulates to the cooling tower 20 through the return water pump 42.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] A desulfurization device for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas, the device comprising: at least one boiler tail gas system and a desulfurization system for desulfurizing boiler tail gas; at least one sulfuric acid production device for preparing sulfuric acid from H2S gas; the boiler tail gas system comprises a boiler 1, the tail gas pipeline of the boiler 1 is connected to a first pressure gauge 4; the desulfurization system comprises a lower air inlet at a desulfurization tower 5 connected to the first pressure gauge 4, a first online analyzer 18 is provided at the top gas outlet of the desulfurization tower 5, a first packing layer 48 is provided at the inner upper part of the desulfurization tower 5, a first differential pressure gauge 28, a first upper flushing water spray device 41 and a first pressure gauge 28 are provided between the upper and lower sides of the first packing layer 48. and a first lower flushing water spraying device 43, a first flushing water recovery device 44 is provided at the bottom of the first lower flushing water spraying device 43, the first flushing water recovery device 44 is connected to the upper part of the cooling tower 20 through a return water pump 42, and the bottom of the cooling tower 20 is respectively connected to the first upper flushing water spraying device 41 and the first lower flushing water spraying device 43 through an upper water pump 22; the outlet of the acid mist collector 10 in the sulfuric acid production device is connected to the lower air inlet of the desulfurization tower 5 through a sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12, a pollutant detector 13 and a first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 14; the pressure displayed in the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is greater than the pressure displayed in the first pressure gauge 4. The boiler 1 is connected to the first pressure gauge 4 through an induced draft fan 2 and a first boiler flue gas supply valve 3. The device also includes at least one standby desulfurization tower 9, the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9 is connected to the third end of the first tee 6 and the third end of the second tee 15 respectively; the top gas outlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9 is provided with a second online analyzer 19, the upper inner part of the standby desulfurization tower 9 is provided with a second packing layer 49, the upper and lower sides of the second packing layer 49 are provided with a second differential pressure gauge 32, a second upper flushing water spray device 45 and a second lower flushing water spray device 46, the bottom of the second lower flushing water spray device 45 is provided with a second flushing water recovery device 46, the second flushing water recovery device 47 is connected to the upper part of the cooling tower 20 through a return water pump 42, and the bottom of the cooling tower 20 is connected to the second upper flushing water spray device 45 and the second lower flushing water spray device 46 respectively through an upper water pump 22. The first tee 6 is arranged between the induced draft fan 2 and the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3; the second tee 15 is arranged between the pollutant detector 13 and the first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 14. A second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 and a second pressure gauge 8 are provided in sequence between the third end of the first tee 6 and the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9; a second sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 16 is provided between the third end of the second tee and the lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9.The sulfuric acid production device includes an H2S gas pipeline 17, which is connected to the flare section and the sulfuric acid production section respectively; the flare section includes a flare valve 33 connected to the H2S gas pipeline 17 and a flare 34 connected to the flare valve 33; the sulfuric acid production section includes a sulfuric acid valve 21 connected to the H2S gas pipeline 17, and the sulfuric acid valve 21 is connected to the acid mist collector 10 through a burner 23, a reactor 24 and a sulfuric acid vapor condenser 26. A third three-way valve 30, a first shut-off valve 36 and a third pressure gauge 11 are sequentially arranged between the sulfuric acid vapor condenser 26 and the acid mist collector 10; a second shut-off valve 37 and a fourth three-way valve 35 are sequentially arranged between the pollutant detector 13 and the second three-way valve 15; a shortcut pipeline with a third shut-off valve 38 is arranged between the third end of the third three-way valve 30 and the third end of the fourth three-way valve 35. The inlet end of the first upper flushing water spray device 41 is provided with a first filler flushing valve 25, the inlet end of the first lower flushing water spray device 43 is provided with a second filler flushing valve 27; the inlet end of the second upper flushing water spray device 45 is provided with a third filler flushing valve 29; the inlet end of the second lower flushing water spray device 46 is provided with a fourth filler flushing valve 31. The device also includes a control system, which includes a DCS main control card 39 and an overpressure alarm module 40; the signal input of the DCS main control card 39 is respectively connected to the first pressure gauge 4, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12, the second pressure gauge 8, the third pressure gauge 11, the first differential pressure gauge 28 and the second differential pressure gauge 32; the signal output end of the DCS main control card 39 is respectively connected to the overpressure alarm module 40, the first boiler flue gas air supply valve 3, the second boiler flue gas air supply valve 7, the first packing flushing valve 25, the second packing flushing valve 27, the third packing flushing valve 29, the fourth packing flushing valve 31, the first shut-off valve 36, the second shut-off valve 37, the third stop valve 38, the first sulfuric acid tail gas air supply valve 14 and the second sulfuric acid tail gas air supply valve 16.

[0076] A desulfurization method for a desulfurization device for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas, the desulfurization method comprising the following steps:

[0077] Step 1: The DCS main control card 39 controls the second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 to close, and controls the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3 to open, and starts the induced draft fan 2 at the same time; the tail gas of the boiler 1 passes through the induced draft fan 2, the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3 and the first pressure gauge 4 in turn to enter the desulfurization tower 5 for desulfurization purification, and at the same time, the pressure data of the first pressure gauge 4 is transmitted to the DCS main control card 39, and the boiler flue gas delivery system is established;

[0078] Step 2: After the boiler flue gas delivery system is established, the pressure difference data in the first pressure difference gauge 28 is transmitted to the DCS main control card 39; when the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge 28 is less than 200Pa, the tail gas of the sulfuric acid device is prepared for desulfurization; when the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge 28 is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump 22 is started, and the DCS main control card 39 controls the first packing flushing valve 25 and the second packing flushing valve 27 to open, and the flushing water in the cooling tower 20 enters the first upper flushing water spray device 41 and the first lower flushing water spray device 43 through the upper water pump 22 to flush the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer 48 to reduce the bed resistance of the first packing layer 48, until the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge 28 is less than 200Pa;

[0079] Step 3: Close the flare valve 33, open the sulfuric acid valve 21, the H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline 17 produces sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid tail gas through the burner 23, the reactor 24 and the sulfuric acid steam condenser 26, the sulfuric acid tail gas enters the acid mist collector 10 to capture droplets, the third pressure gauge 11 is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas entering the acid mist collector 10, and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas after entering the captured droplets. The pressure data of the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 are respectively entered into the DCS main control card 39. When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is not less than 1000Pa, the DCS main control card 39 controls the overpressure alarm module 40 to alarm, and controls the first shut-off valve 36 and the second shut-off valve 37 to close, opens the third stop valve 38, and repairs the acid mist collector 10; when the third pressure gauge 11 and When the pressure difference of the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is less than 1000Pa, the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the first pressure gauge 4 is compared. When the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the first pressure gauge 4 is greater than 2000Pa, the DCS main control card 39 controls the first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 14 to open, and the sulfuric acid tail gas and the boiler tail gas after the droplets are captured enter the desulfurization tower 5 for desulfurization and purification, and a sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established; at this time, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure is driven by the H2S gas pressure and the combustion air pressure to overcome the pressure of the sulfuric acid production department to form a positive pressure zone; the boiler tail gas pressure is formed by the induced draft fan 2 and the chimney effect of the desulfurization tower 5 to form a low pressure zone; the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the first pressure difference gauge 28 is used to ensure that the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the first pressure difference gauge 4 is greater than 2000Pa, so as to achieve non-pressurized collaborative treatment of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas desulfurization;

[0080] Step 4: After the sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established, the pollutant detector 13 monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration of the sulfuric acid tail gas after the droplets are captured in real time, and the first online analyzer 18 monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration at the outlet of the desulfurization tower 5 in real time; real-time monitoring of the above data provides a basis for the desulfurization operation to ensure that the tail gas meets the discharge standards;

[0081] Step 5: After running continuously for a period of time, when the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge 28 is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump 22 is started, and the DCS main control card 39 controls the first packing flushing valve 25 and the second packing flushing valve 27 to be opened. The flushing water in the cooling tower 20 enters the first upper flushing water spray device 41 and the first lower flushing water spray device 43 through the upper water pump 22 to flush the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer 48 to reduce the bed resistance of the first packing layer 48. When the above flushing cannot make the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge 28 less than 200Pa, the standby desulfurization tower 9 is started;

[0082] Step 6: The DCS main control card 39 controls the first boiler flue gas supply valve 3 to close, and controls the second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 to open, and starts the induced draft fan 2 at the same time; the tail gas of the boiler 1 passes through the induced draft fan 2, the second boiler flue gas supply valve 7 and the second pressure gauge 8 in turn to enter the standby desulfurization tower 9 for desulfurization purification, and at the same time, the pressure data of the second pressure gauge 8 is transmitted to the DCS main control card 39, and the boiler flue gas delivery system is established;

[0083] Step 7: After the boiler flue gas delivery system is established, the pressure difference data in the second pressure difference gauge 32 is transmitted to the DCS main control card 39; when the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge 32 is less than 200Pa, the tail gas of the sulfuric acid device is prepared for desulfurization; when the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge 32 is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump 22 is started, and the DCS main control card 39 controls the third packing flushing valve 29 and the fourth packing flushing valve 31 to open, and the flushing water in the cooling tower 20 enters the second upper flushing water spray device 45 and the second lower flushing water spray device 46 through the upper water pump 22 to flush the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer 49 to reduce the bed resistance of the second packing layer 49, until the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge 32 is less than 200Pa;

[0084] Step 8: Close the flare valve 33, open the sulfuric acid valve 21, the H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline 17 produces sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid tail gas through the burner 23, the reactor 24 and the sulfuric acid steam condenser 26, the sulfuric acid tail gas enters the acid mist collector 10 to capture droplets, the third pressure gauge 11 is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas entering the acid mist collector 10, and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas after entering the captured droplets. The pressure data of the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 are respectively entered into the DCS main control card 39. When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 is not less than 1000Pa, the DCS main control card 39 controls the overpressure alarm module 40 to alarm, and controls the first shut-off valve 36 and the second shut-off valve 37 to close, opens the third stop valve 38, and repairs the acid mist collector 10; when the third pressure gauge 11 and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 are ... When the pressure difference of the tail gas pressure gauge 12 is less than 1000Pa, the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the second pressure gauge 8 is compared. When the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the second pressure gauge 8 is greater than 2000Pa, the DCS main control card 39 controls the second sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve 16 to open, and the sulfuric acid tail gas and the boiler tail gas after the droplets are captured enter the standby desulfurization tower 9 for desulfurization and purification, and a sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established; at this time, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure is driven by the H2S gas pressure and the combustion air pressure to overcome the pressure of the sulfuric acid production department to form a positive pressure zone; the boiler tail gas pressure is formed by the induced draft fan 2 and the chimney effect of the standby desulfurization tower 9 to form a low pressure zone; the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the second pressure difference gauge 32 is used to ensure that the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge 12 and the second pressure difference gauge 8 is greater than 2000Pa, so as to achieve non-pressurized collaborative treatment of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas desulfurization;

[0085] Step 9: After the sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established, the pollutant detector 13 monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration of the sulfuric acid tail gas after the droplets are captured in real time, and the second online analyzer 19 monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration at the outlet of the standby desulfurization tower 9 in real time; real-time monitoring of the above data provides a basis for the desulfurization operation to ensure that the tail gas meets the discharge standards;

[0086] Step 10: After running continuously for a period of time, when the pressure difference in the second differential pressure gauge 32 is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump 22 is started, and the DCS main control card 39 controls the third packing flushing valve 29 and the fourth packing flushing valve 31 to be opened. The flushing water in the cooling tower 20 enters the second upper flushing water spray device 45 and the second lower flushing water spray device 46 through the upper water pump 22 to flush the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer 49 to reduce the bed resistance of the second packing layer 49. When the above flushing cannot make the pressure difference in the second differential pressure gauge 32 less than 200Pa, the desulfurization tower 5 is opened; when the desulfurization tower 5 is opened, the above steps 1 to 5 are repeated;

[0087] Step 11: When a fault occurs in the sulfuric acid production unit during the operation of the above steps 1 to 10, the sulfuric acid valve 21 is closed, the flare valve 33 is opened, and the H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline 17 enters the flare 34 through the flare valve 33 for combustion and emission;

[0088] Step 12: When the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer 48 are rinsed in the first upper rinsing water spray device 41 and the first lower rinsing water spray device 43 in step 2 and step 5, the rinsing water enters the first rinsing water recovery device 44 and circulates to the cooling tower 20 through the return water pump 42;

[0089] Step 13: When the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer 49 are flushed in the second upper flushing water spray device 45 and the second lower flushing water spray device 46 in steps 7 and 10, the flushing water enters the second flushing water recovery device 47 and circulates to the cooling tower 20 through the return water pump 42.

[0090] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0091] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A desulfurization device for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas, characterized in that: The device includes: At least one boiler tail gas system and a desulfurization system for desulfurizing boiler tail gas; At least one sulfuric acid production plant for preparing sulfuric acid from H2S gas; The boiler exhaust gas system comprises a boiler (1), wherein an exhaust gas pipeline of the boiler (1) is connected to a first pressure gauge (4); The desulfurization system comprises a desulfurization tower (5) having a middle and lower air inlet connected to a first pressure gauge (4); a first online analyzer (18) is provided at the gas outlet at the top of the desulfurization tower (5); a first packing layer (48) is provided at the inner upper part of the desulfurization tower (5); a first differential pressure gauge (28), a first upper flushing water spray device (41) and a first lower flushing water spray device (43) are provided between the upper and lower sides of the first packing layer (48); a first flushing water recovery device (44) is provided at the bottom of the first lower flushing water spray device (43); the first flushing water recovery device (44) is connected to the upper part of the cooling tower (20) through a return water pump (42); and the bottom of the cooling tower (20) is connected to the first upper flushing water spray device (41) and the first lower flushing water spray device (43) respectively through an upper water pump (22); The outlet of the acid mist collector (10) in the sulfuric acid production device is connected to the lower air inlet of the desulfurization tower (5) through a sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12), a pollutant detector (13) and a first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve (14); The pressure displayed on the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) is greater than the pressure displayed on the first pressure gauge (4); The boiler (1) is connected to a first pressure gauge (4) via an induced draft fan (2) and a first boiler flue gas supply valve (3); The device further comprises at least one spare desulfurization tower (9), wherein the air inlet at the middle and lower part of the spare desulfurization tower (9) is respectively connected to the third end of the first tee (6) and the third end of the second tee (15); a second online analyzer (19) is provided at the gas outlet at the top of the spare desulfurization tower (9); a second packing layer (49) is provided at the inner upper part of the spare desulfurization tower (9); a second differential pressure gauge (32), a second upper flushing water spray device (45) and a second lower flushing water spray device (46) are provided between the upper and lower sides of the second packing layer (49); the second lower flushing water spray device (46) A second flushing water recovery device (47) is provided at the bottom of the device (46); the second flushing water recovery device (47) is connected to the upper part of the cooling tower (20) through a return water pump (42); the bottom of the cooling tower (20) is respectively connected to the second upper flushing water spraying device (45) and the second lower flushing water spraying device (46) through an upper water pump (22); the first three-way valve (6) is provided between the induced draft fan (2) and the first boiler flue gas supply valve (3); the second three-way valve (15) is provided between the pollutant detector (13) and the first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve (14); A second boiler flue gas supply valve (7) and a second pressure gauge (8) are provided in sequence between the third end of the first tee (6) and the middle and lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower (9); a second sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve (16) is provided between the third end of the second tee and the middle and lower air inlet of the standby desulfurization tower (9); The sulfuric acid production device comprises an H2S gas pipeline (17), wherein the H2S gas pipeline (17) is connected to a flare section and a sulfuric acid production section respectively; the flare section comprises a flare valve (33) connected to the H2S gas pipeline (17) and a flare (34) connected to the flare valve (33); the sulfuric acid production section comprises a sulfuric acid valve (21) connected to the H2S gas pipeline (17), wherein the sulfuric acid valve (21) is connected to an acid mist collector (10) via a burner (23), a reactor (24) and a sulfuric acid vapor condenser (26); A third three-way valve (30), a first shut-off valve (36) and a third pressure gauge (11) are provided in sequence between the sulfuric acid vapor condenser (26) and the acid mist collector (10); a second shut-off valve (37) and a fourth three-way valve (35) are provided in sequence between the pollutant detector (13) and the second three-way valve (15); and a shortcut pipeline with a third shut-off valve (38) is provided between the third end of the third three-way valve (30) and the third end of the fourth three-way valve (35).

2. A desulfurization device for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet end of the first upper flushing water spray device (41) is provided with a first filler flushing valve (25), and the inlet end of the first lower flushing water spray device (43) is provided with a second filler flushing valve (27); the inlet end of the second upper flushing water spray device (45) is provided with a third filler flushing valve (29); and the inlet end of the second lower flushing water spray device (46) is provided with a fourth filler flushing valve (31).

3. A desulfurization device for collaboratively treating boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device further comprises a control system, the control system comprising a DCS main control card (39), the signal input of the DCS main control card (39) being respectively connected to the first pressure gauge (4), the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12), the second pressure gauge (8), the third pressure gauge (11), the first differential pressure gauge (28) and the second differential pressure gauge (32); and the signal output end of the DCS main control card (39) being respectively connected to the overpressure alarm module (40), the first boiler flue gas air supply valve (3), the second boiler flue gas air supply valve (7), the first packing flushing valve (25), the second packing flushing valve (27), the third packing flushing valve (29), the fourth packing flushing valve (31), the first shut-off valve (36), the second shut-off valve (37), the third stop valve (38), the first sulfuric acid tail gas air supply valve (14) and the second sulfuric acid tail gas air supply valve (16).

4. A desulfurization method for a desulfurization device for co-processing boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The desulfurization method comprises the following steps: Step 1: The DCS main control card (39) controls the second boiler flue gas supply valve (7) to close, and controls the first boiler flue gas supply valve (3) to open, and simultaneously starts the induced draft fan (2); the exhaust gas of the boiler (1) sequentially passes through the induced draft fan (2), the first boiler flue gas supply valve (3) and the first pressure gauge (4) to enter the desulfurization tower (5) for desulfurization purification, and at the same time, the pressure data of the first pressure gauge (4) is transmitted to the DCS main control card (39), and a boiler flue gas delivery system is established; Step 2: After the boiler flue gas conveying system is established, the pressure difference data in the first pressure difference gauge (28) is transmitted to the DCS main control card (39); when the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge (28) is less than 200Pa, the tail gas of the sulfuric acid device is prepared to be desulfurized; when the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge (28) is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump (22) is started, and the DCS main control card (39) controls the first packing flushing valve (25) and the second packing flushing valve (27) to open, and the flushing water in the cooling tower (20) enters the first upper flushing water spraying device (41) and the first lower flushing water spraying device (43) through the upper water pump (22) to flush the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer (48) to reduce the bed resistance of the first packing layer (48), until the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge (28) is less than 200Pa; Step 3: Close the flare valve (33) and open the sulfuric acid valve (21). The H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline (17) passes through the burner (23), the reactor (24) and the sulfuric acid steam condenser (26) to produce sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid tail gas. The sulfuric acid tail gas enters the acid mist collector (10) to capture droplets. The third pressure gauge (11) is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas entering the acid mist collector (10). The sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas after entering the captured droplets. The pressure data of the third pressure gauge (11) and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) are respectively entered into the DCS main control card (39). When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge (11) and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) is not less than 1000 Pa, the DCS main control card (39) controls the overpressure alarm module (40) to alarm, controls the first shut-off valve (36) and the second shut-off valve (37) to close, opens the third shut-off valve (38), and performs maintenance on the acid mist collector (10); When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge (11) and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) is less than 1000 Pa, the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) and the first pressure gauge (4) is compared. When the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) and the first pressure gauge (4) is greater than 2000 Pa, the DCS main control card (39) controls the first sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve (14) to open, and the sulfuric acid tail gas and the boiler tail gas after the droplets are captured enter the desulfurization tower (5) for desulfurization and purification, thereby establishing a sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system; At this time, the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure is driven by the H2S gas pressure and the combustion air pressure to overcome the pressure of the sulfuric acid production section, forming a positive pressure zone; the boiler tail gas pressure is formed by the induced draft fan (2) and the chimney effect of the desulfurization tower (5), forming a low pressure zone; the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) and the first pressure gauge (4) is ensured to be greater than 2000 Pa through the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge (11) and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) and the pressure difference in the first pressure difference gauge (28), so as to achieve non-pressurized coordinated treatment of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas desulfurization; Step 4: After the sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established, the pollutant detector (13) monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration of the sulfuric acid tail gas after the droplets are captured in real time, and the first online analyzer (18) monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration at the outlet of the desulfurization tower (5) in real time; the real-time monitoring of the above data provides a basis for the desulfurization operation to ensure that the tail gas meets the discharge standards; Step 5: After a period of continuous operation, when the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge (28) is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump (22) is started, and the DCS main control card (39) controls the first packing flushing valve (25) and the second packing flushing valve (27) to open, and the flushing water in the cooling tower (20) enters the first upper flushing water spray device (41) and the first lower flushing water spray device (43) through the upper water pump (22) to flush the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer (48) to reduce the bed resistance of the first packing layer (48). When the above flushing cannot make the pressure difference in the first differential pressure gauge (28) less than 200Pa, the standby desulfurization tower (9) is started; Step 6: The DCS main control card (39) controls the first boiler flue gas supply valve (3) to close, and controls the second boiler flue gas supply valve (7) to open, and simultaneously starts the induced draft fan (2); the exhaust gas of the boiler (1) sequentially passes through the induced draft fan (2), the second boiler flue gas supply valve (7) and the second pressure gauge (8) to enter the standby desulfurization tower (9) for desulfurization purification, and at the same time, the pressure data of the second pressure gauge (8) is transmitted to the DCS main control card (39), and a boiler flue gas delivery system is established; Step 7: After the boiler flue gas conveying system is established, the pressure difference data in the second pressure difference gauge (32) is transmitted to the DCS main control card (39); when the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge (32) is less than 200Pa, the tail gas of the sulfuric acid device is prepared for desulfurization treatment; when the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge (32) is not less than 200Pa, the upper water pump (22) is started, and the DCS main control card (39) controls the third packing flushing valve (29) and the fourth packing flushing valve (31) to open, and the flushing water in the cooling tower (20) enters the second upper flushing water spraying device (45) and the second lower flushing water spraying device (46) through the upper water pump (22) to flush the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer (49) to reduce the bed resistance of the second packing layer (49), until the pressure difference in the second pressure difference gauge (32) is less than 200Pa; Step 8: Close the flare valve (33) and open the sulfuric acid valve (21). The H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline (17) passes through the burner (23), the reactor (24) and the sulfuric acid steam condenser (26) to produce sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid tail gas. The sulfuric acid tail gas enters the acid mist collector (10) to capture droplets. The third pressure gauge (11) is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas entering the acid mist collector (10). The sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) is used to detect the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas after entering the captured droplets. The pressure data of the third pressure gauge (11) and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) are respectively entered into the DCS main control card (39). When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge (11) and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) is not less than 1000 Pa, the DCS main control card (39) controls the overpressure alarm module (40) to alarm, controls the first shut-off valve (36) and the second shut-off valve (37) to close, opens the third shut-off valve (38), and performs maintenance on the acid mist collector (10); When the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge (11) and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) is less than 1000 Pa, the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) and the second pressure gauge (8) is compared. When the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) and the second pressure gauge (8) is greater than 2000 Pa, the DCS main control card (39) controls the second sulfuric acid tail gas supply valve (16) to open, and the sulfuric acid tail gas and the boiler tail gas after the droplets are captured enter the standby desulfurization tower (9) for desulfurization and purification, thereby establishing a sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system; At this time, the pressure of the sulfuric acid tail gas is driven by the H2S gas pressure and the combustion air pressure to overcome the pressure of the sulfuric acid production section, forming a positive pressure zone; the boiler tail gas pressure is formed by the induced draft fan (2) and the chimney effect of the standby desulfurization tower (9), forming a low pressure zone; the pressure difference between the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) and the second pressure differential gauge (8) is ensured to be greater than 2000 Pa through the pressure difference between the third pressure gauge (11) and the sulfuric acid tail gas pressure gauge (12) and the pressure difference in the second pressure differential gauge (32), so as to achieve non-pressurized synergistic treatment of boiler flue gas and sulfuric acid tail gas desulfurization; Step 9: After the sulfuric acid tail gas delivery system is established, the pollutant detector (13) monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration of the sulfuric acid tail gas after the droplets are captured in real time, and the second online analyzer (19) monitors the sulfur dioxide concentration at the outlet of the standby desulfurization tower (9) in real time; real-time monitoring of the above data provides a basis for the desulfurization operation to ensure that the tail gas meets the discharge standards; Step 10: After a period of continuous operation, when the pressure difference in the second differential pressure gauge (32) is not less than 200 Pa, the upper water pump (22) is started, and the DCS main control card (39) controls the third packing flushing valve (29) and the fourth packing flushing valve (31) to be opened, and the flushing water in the cooling tower (20) enters the second upper flushing water spraying device (45) and the second lower flushing water spraying device (46) through the upper water pump (22) to flush the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer (49) to reduce the bed resistance of the second packing layer (49). When the above flushing cannot make the pressure difference in the second differential pressure gauge (32) less than 200 Pa, the desulfurization tower (5) is started; when the desulfurization tower (5) is started, the above steps 1 to 5 are repeated; Step 11: When a fault occurs in the sulfuric acid production unit during the operation of the above steps 1 to 10, the sulfuric acid valve (21) is closed, the flare valve (33) is opened, and the H2S gas in the H2S gas pipeline (17) enters the flare (34) through the flare valve (33) and is burned and discharged; Step 12: When the upper and lower parts of the first packing layer (48) are rinsed in the first upper rinsing water spraying device (41) and the first lower rinsing water spraying device (43) in Step 2 and Step 5, the rinsing water enters the first rinsing water recovery device (44) and is circulated to the cooling tower (20) through the return water pump (42); Step 13: When the upper and lower parts of the second packing layer (49) are rinsed in the second upper rinse water spray device (45) and the second lower rinse water spray device (46) in step 7 and step 10, the rinse water enters the second rinse water recovery device (47) and circulates to the cooling tower (20) through the return water pump (42).

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