A shield machine cutterhead structure with a retractable geological drill

Abstract

The present invention relates to a shield machine cutterhead structure with a retractable geological drill, comprising a disc body, a spoke plate and spokes, wherein the disc body is provided with a peripheral knife, the spoke plate is provided with a roller cutter, the spokes are provided with a cutting knife, a plurality of retractable geological drills are provided at the edge of the spokes, and when the cutterhead rotates, the movement trajectories of the plurality of retractable geological drills are concentric circles, the retractable geological drills are located in a cavity tube, a movable plate is provided at the opening of the cavity tube, when the retractable geological drill extends out of the cavity tube, the movable plate is opened, and when the retractable geological drill retracts into the cavity tube, the movable plate is closed. The present invention effectively beats the solitary stone into a honeycomb coal shape by arranging the retractable geological drill on the cutterhead, destroys the structure and hardness of the solitary stone, facilitates the tool to crush it, thereby protecting the tool, reducing the tool wear rate, and solving the problem of solitary stone processing that cannot be carried out on the ground, thereby improving the shield tunneling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tunnel excavation, in particular to a shield machine cutter head structure with a retractable geological drill. Background Art

[0002] The shield method is the most important all-mechanical means of tunnel excavation. The shield machine is used to advance in the underground soil to form a tunnel. The front end of the shield machine is a circular cutterhead, which is used to crush the rock and soil at the front end. At the same time, the shield shell and pipe segments support the surrounding rock and soil to prevent collapse. Generally, the cutterhead is equipped with a central fishtail cutter, a roller cutter and a cutting cutter. The central fishtail cutter is located in the center of the cutterhead and is the most prominent compared to other cutters. It can first rotate the rock and soil and drill a small circle on the rock and soil to facilitate the rotation of the entire cutterhead; the roller cutter is wheel-shaped, and the thrust causes the roller cutter blade to press into the rock and soil. It can make concentric circle movements on the rock and soil surface and generate lateral pressure at the circumferential trajectory line, causing the rock and soil to continuously collapse; the cutting cutter is used to cut into the rock and soil and separate the rock and soil. Sometimes it is matched with a pre-tearing cutter to cut the rock and soil before the cutting cutter to create good cutting conditions for the cutting cutter.

[0003] Although the cutterhead has a complete tool system, the most feared thing during the excavation process is the isolated rock, which refers to large granite spherical weathered bodies or large pebbles, and is randomly buried in the rock and soil. The hardness is very high, which can reach more than 200Mpa. In addition, the isolated rock will roll when the cutterhead is cutting, which will greatly interfere with the excavation. If the isolated rock is not surveyed and crushed before the shield machine excavates, the tool loss rate will increase or even damage the tool. Therefore, the isolated rock treatment is a necessary prerequisite for shield excavation work, which invisibly increases the workload of tunnel excavation and reduces work efficiency.

[0004] Although boulder treatment is an auxiliary project, the process is complex and costly. Most of the existing boulder treatments are done by manual breaking after ground pretreatment, which requires ground punching or hydraulic splitting on the ground corresponding to the boulder position. Therefore, the boulder cannot be too far away from the ground, otherwise it can only be broken manually in the hole, such as directional blasting. However, manual breaking has certain construction risks. It can be seen that boulders that cannot be pretreated on the ground are still a major problem in the industry.

[0005] The above problems are worth solving. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a shield machine cutterhead structure with a retractable geological drill.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A shield machine cutterhead structure with a retractable geological drill comprises a disc body, a spoke plate and spokes, wherein the disc body is provided with a peripheral cutter, the spoke plate is provided with a roller cutter, and the spokes are provided with a cutting cutter. The invention is characterized in that a plurality of retractable geological drills are provided at the edge of the spoke, and when the cutterhead rotates, the movement trajectories of the plurality of retractable geological drills are concentric circles.

[0009] The present invention according to the above scheme is characterized in that a plurality of the telescopic geological drills are located at the edge of the same spoke.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of the retractable geological drills are evenly arranged on the same side of the same spoke.

[0011] The present invention according to the above scheme is characterized in that a retractable geological drill is provided at the edge of each spoke, and the distances from different retractable geological drills to the center of the cutter disc are not equal.

[0012] Furthermore, the distances from different retractable geological drill bits to the center of the cutter disc are in an arithmetic progression.

[0013] The present invention according to the above scheme is characterized in that the retractable geological drill is located in a cavity tube, and a movable plate is provided at the opening of the cavity tube. When the retractable geological drill extends out of the cavity tube, the movable plate opens, and when the retractable geological drill retracts into the cavity tube, the movable plate closes.

[0014] Furthermore, the drill bit of the retractable geological drill is in a pointed cone shape and is provided with spiral blades.

[0015] Furthermore, the length of the drill bit is greater than twice the length of the cutting blade.

[0016] Furthermore, the telescopic geological drill comprises a telescopic rod and a rotating base, and both the telescopic rod and the rotating base are built into the cavity tube.

[0017] The present invention according to the above scheme is characterized in that a central fishtail knife is provided at the center of the disc body, a pre-tearing knife is provided on the spoke, and the length of the central fishtail knife protruding from the plane of the knife disc is greater than the length of the pre-tearing knife protruding from the plane of the knife disc.

[0018] The present invention according to the above scheme has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention can effectively beat the isolated rocks into honeycomb briquettes by arranging a retractable geological drill on the cutter head, thereby destroying the structure and hardness of the isolated rocks, facilitating the tool to crush them, thereby protecting the tool, reducing the tool wear rate, and solving the problem of handling isolated rocks that cannot be operated on the ground, thereby improving the shield tunneling efficiency; further, each spoke is equipped with a retractable geological drill to balance the center of gravity of the cutter head; further, a plurality of retractable geological drills are evenly arranged, which can more effectively destroy the structure of the isolated rocks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the drill bit structure of the geological drill in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a side sectional view of A in the first use state of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a side sectional view of A in the second use state of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure, 1. disc body; 2. spoke plate; 21. hob; 3. spoke; 31. cutting knife; 32. pre-tearing knife; 4. peripheral knife; 5. central fishtail knife; 6. retractable geological drill; 61. spiral blade; 62. telescopic rod; 63. rotating base; 7. cavity tube; 71. movable plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to better understand the purpose, technical solution and technical effect of the present invention, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. At the same time, it is stated that the embodiments described below are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, in embodiment 1, a shield machine cutterhead structure with a retractable geological drill comprises a disc body 1, a spoke plate 2 and a spoke 3. A peripheral cutter 4 is provided on the periphery of the disc body 1 for cutting rock and soil at the edge of the cutterhead. A roller cutter 21 is provided on the spoke plate 2 for pressing a circular indentation on the rock and soil and generating lateral pressure to continuously crack the rock and soil. A cutting knife 31 is provided on the spoke 3 for cutting the rock and soil and transporting the slag to the slag trough for cutting and loading. A plurality of retractable geological drills 6 are provided at the edge of the spoke 3. The retractable geological drills 6 are located at the edge of the same spoke 3. Preferably, 8 retractable geological drills 6 are evenly arranged on the edge of the spoke 3. When the cutterhead rotates, it can be observed that the movement trajectory of the retractable geological drill 6 is a concentric circle.

[0028] A central fishtail knife 5 is provided at the center of the disc body 1, and a leading tearing knife 32 is provided on the spoke 3. The length of the central fishtail knife 5 protruding from the plane of the cutter disc is greater than the length of the leading tearing knife 32 protruding from the plane of the cutter disc, ensuring that the central fishtail knife 5 contacts the rock and soil before the other tools mentioned above (excluding the rotatable geological drill), providing a circular pit on the rock and soil for the cutter disc to dig before rotation, thereby reducing the resistance to the rotation of the disc body 1.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, the drill bit of the telescopic geological drill 6 is in a pointed cone shape, the length of the drill bit is greater than twice the length of the cutting blade 31, and a spiral blade 61 is provided at the drill bit. A sufficiently long drill bit can drill a deeper hole in the boulder, effectively destroying the structure of the boulder, and the telescopic geological drill 6 with the spiral blade 61 can easily drill into the boulder and is also convenient for extracting the boulder.

[0030] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the telescopic geological drill 6 is located in the cavity 7, and a movable plate 71 is provided at the opening of the cavity 7. When the telescopic geological drill 6 extends out of the cavity 7, the movable plate 71 is in an open state and retracts into the movable plate groove, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 When the telescopic geological drill 6 is retracted into the lumen 7, the movable plate 71 extends from the movable plate groove, sealing the lumen opening 7, in a closed state, such as Figure 5 This is the second usage state.

[0031] The telescopic geological drill 6 includes a telescopic rod 62 and a rotating base 63. The telescopic rod 62 has a three-stage telescopic function, and a sealing ring (not shown in the figure) is provided at the casing opening of each section of the telescopic rod, which does not affect the telescopic extension of the telescopic rod 62 and can prevent the soil from being brought into the telescopic rod 62 when the drill bit retracts. The rear end of the rotating base 63 is connected to a rotating motor, which can provide high-speed rotation.

[0032] Before the shield machine works, it will detect boulders, determine the position and size of the boulders in the tunnel, and mark them on the drawings. When the shield machine runs to the known boulder position, the shield machine's propulsion device is turned off, the shield machine stops moving forward, and the high-speed rotating motor of the disc body 1 is turned off at the same time, the disc body 1 stops automatically rotating, and then the retractable geological drill 6 is turned on, the movable plate 71 at the mouth of the cavity tube 7 is opened, the retractable geological drill 6 extends from the cavity tube 7 and rotates at high speed, the drill bit drills a row of small holes on the boulder, and after the telescopic rod 62 is fully extended, it begins to retract until the retractable geological drill 6 is completely placed in the cavity tube 7, and the movable plate 71 is closed.

[0033] The operator manually rotates the disc body 1 clockwise or counterclockwise at a certain angle according to the size of the boulder, aligns the retractable geological drill 6 with the other intact surfaces of the boulder, repeats the above steps, and then drills several rows of small holes on the boulder, and so on. The rotation angle of the disc body 1 is manually rotated as small as possible each time, especially when dealing with boulders close to the center of the disc body 1, so as to ensure that the boulders are evenly beaten into honeycomb briquettes, completely destroying the structure and hardness of the boulders, and facilitating the subsequent crushing of the tool.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the second embodiment of the present invention is a shield machine cutter head structure with a retractable geological drill. Except that the installation position of the retractable geological drill 6 is changed, the rest of the structure is the same as the first embodiment. Specifically, a retractable geological drill 6 is provided at the edge of each spoke 3, and the distances from different retractable geological drills 6 to the center of the cutter head are not equal. In order to obtain a better drilling effect on the isolated stone, preferably, the distances from different retractable geological drills 6 to the center of the cutter head are a set of arithmetic progressions. When the cutter head rotates, the motion trajectories of several retractable geological drills are a set of concentric circles with a radius of an arithmetic progression. The second embodiment adopts a structural design in which each spoke is equipped with a retractable geological drill 6. Compared with the first embodiment, it can better balance the center of gravity of the entire cutter head, and prevent the disc body 1 from deforming due to the center of gravity deviating from the center of the circle when the cutter head rotates.

[0035] Different from the first embodiment, the present embodiment does not require manual operation of the disc body 1 to rotate counterclockwise or clockwise, but only needs to control the disc body 1 to stop the high-speed rotation mode and enter the intermittent rotation mode. Specifically, when the telescopic geological drill 6 is working, the disc body 1 stops moving. When the telescopic geological drill 6 is retracted into the cavity tube 7, the disc body 1 rotates a certain angle, and then the telescopic geological drill 6 extends out of the cavity tube 7 and continues to drill holes in other directions of the boulder or rock and soil. After the disc body 1 rotates one circle in the intermittent rotation mode, the boulder and the rock and soil around it are all beaten into a honeycomb briquette shape.

[0036] In combination with the above embodiments, the present invention provides a shield machine cutter head structure with a retractable geological drill, which not only solves the problem of being unable to pre-treat boulders on the ground, but also improves the efficiency of shield tunneling, while protecting the cutter and reducing the wear rate of the cutter head.

[0037] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0038] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. An operating method of a shield machine cutterhead structure with a retractable geological drill, wherein the shield machine cutterhead structure comprises a disc body, a spoke plate and spokes, wherein the disc body is provided with a peripheral cutter, the spoke plate is provided with a roller cutter, and the spokes are provided with a cutting cutter, characterized in that: A plurality of retractable geological drills are arranged at the edges of the spokes, and when the cutter head rotates, the movement trajectories of the plurality of retractable geological drills are concentric circles; The retractable geological drill is located in the cavity tube, and a movable plate is provided at the opening of the cavity tube; the retractable geological drill is used to destroy the structure of the isolated stone and beat the isolated stone into a honeycomb briquettes; When a plurality of the retractable geological drills are located at the edge of the same spoke and are evenly arranged on the same side of the same spoke, the operation method comprises the following operation steps: Before the shield machine starts working, the boulder detection is carried out to determine the location and size of the boulder in the tunnel and mark it; When the shield machine reaches the known boulder position, the high-speed rotating motors of the propulsion device and the disc body are turned off; Turn on the telescopic geological drill, extend the telescopic geological drill from the cavity tube and rotate at high speed to drill a row of small holes on the solitary stone. After the telescopic rod is fully extended, retract the telescopic geological drill into the cavity tube and close the movable plate; The operator manually operates the disc body to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise to a certain angle according to the size of the boulder, so that the retractable geological drill is aligned with other intact surfaces of the boulder; Repeat the above steps to drill several rows of small holes on the solitary stone; Alternatively, when a retractable geological drill is provided at the edge of each spoke, and the distances from different retractable geological drills to the center of the cutter disc are not equal, the operating method includes the following operating steps: When the telescopic geological drill is working, the disc body is kept stationary, and the telescopic geological drill extends out of the cavity tube and drills a hole on a solitary rock or rock soil; When the retractable geological drill is retracted into the cavity, the disc body rotates a certain angle, and then the retractable geological drill extends out of the cavity again and continues to drill holes in other directions of the boulder or rock and soil. After the disc body rotates one circle in the intermittent rotation mode, the boulder and the rock and soil around it are beaten into honeycomb coal shape.

2. The method for operating the cutter head structure of a shield machine with a retractable geological drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: When a retractable geological drill is provided at the edge of each spoke, and the distances from different retractable geological drills to the center of the cutter disc are unequal, the distances from different retractable geological drills to the center of the cutter disc are in an arithmetic progression.

3. The method for operating the cutter head structure of a shield machine with a retractable geological drill according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the telescopic geological drill extends out of the cavity, the movable plate opens, and when the telescopic geological drill retracts into the cavity, the movable plate closes.

4. The method for operating the cutter head structure of a shield machine with a retractable geological drill according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drill bit of the telescopic geological drill is in a pointed cone shape and is provided with spiral blades.

5. The method for operating the cutter head structure of a shield machine with a retractable geological drill according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the drill bit is greater than twice the length of the cutting blade.

6. The method for operating the cutter head structure of a shield machine with a retractable geological drill according to claim 3, characterized in that: The telescopic geological drill comprises a telescopic rod and a rotating base, and both the telescopic rod and the rotating base are built in the cavity tube.

7. The method for operating a shield machine cutterhead structure with a retractable geological drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: A central fishtail knife is provided at the center of the disc body, and a leading tearing knife is provided on the spoke. The length of the central fishtail knife protruding from the plane of the knife disc is greater than the length of the leading tearing knife protruding from the plane of the knife disc.

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