A stope filling simulation experimental device and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mining field filling body simulation experimental device and method, comprising a bottom plate, on which an experimental box for filling simulation materials is arranged, and the front and rear side walls of the experimental box are assembled from a plurality of detachable transparent tempered glass plates; a plurality of upper pressure plates corresponding to the positions of the tempered glass plates on the front and rear side walls are arranged on the upper side of the experimental box, and side pressure plates are arranged on the inner sides of the left and right side wall plates of the experimental box respectively. The mining field filling body simulation experimental device of the present invention is easy to use, easy to operate, and has strong practicality. It can simulate and analyze the mining field excavation and filling process and the stress conditions of the top and the filling body during the process, greatly restoring the real mining process, and providing a basis for the improvement of the support and filling process adopted on site. The staff can also have an intuitive understanding of the real mining and filling process, and solve the problem of difficulty in detecting the stability of the mining field and the filling body under deep operation of metal mines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a mining field filling body simulation experiment device and method. Background Art

[0002] In the underground mine filling process, the ground filling is constructed on the surface. The filling equipment, mixing process and the entire filling preparation are relatively advanced and transparent. However, in the process of the filling material entering the mining site, the mining site is relatively closed, and personnel and equipment cannot enter the filling process. There is no detection and control of the filling process. Since the filling process is a fully closed filling, it is impossible to have an objective understanding of the filling process, and there is no way to evaluate the overall stress condition of the filling body. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a mine field filling simulation experimental device and method which is easy to use and highly practical, which can simulate and analyze the mine excavation and filling process, and provide a basis for improving the support and filling technology adopted on site.

[0004] The present invention is implemented by the following scheme: a mining site filling simulation experimental device, including a base plate, on which is arranged an experimental box for filling simulation materials, the front and rear side walls of the experimental box being assembled from a plurality of detachable transparent tempered glass plates; a plurality of upper pressure plates corresponding to the positions of the tempered glass plates on the front and rear side walls are arranged on the upper side of the experimental box, and side pressure plates are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box.

[0005] Furthermore, a gantry is fixedly connected to the base plate, the experimental box is located in the middle of the gantry, and a plurality of upper pressure cylinders are installed on the crossbeam of the gantry, which are suspended and correspond to the upper pressure plates one by one. The lower ends of the upper pressure cylinders are connected to upper pressure heads, and the lower ends of the upper pressure heads are connected to pressure sensors and abut against the corresponding upper pressure plates.

[0006] Furthermore, side pressure cylinders with driving ends facing the left and right sides of the experimental box are horizontally installed on the upper edges of the vertical columns on both sides of the gantry, and the driving ends of the side pressure cylinders are connected to side pressure heads. The inner side of the side pressure heads is connected to pressure sensors and abuts against the side pressure plates on the same side.

[0007] Furthermore, the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box are made of steel plates and are provided with windows for the side pressure head to pass through; and the tempered glass plate is provided with mounting holes for arranging the detection equipment.

[0008] Furthermore, fixing plates are welded to the outer sides of the lower ends of the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box, and the fixing plates are connected to the bottom plate by bolts. The bottom plate is provided with T-shaped slots for installing the bolts and slidingly cooperating with the bolts.

[0009] Furthermore, a limiting cross bar located at the front and rear sides of the experimental box is connected between the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box, and two adjacent tempered glass panels are connected together by an I-shaped connector with mounting grooves on both sides, and the tempered glass panel and the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box are connected together by a U-shaped connector with mounting grooves, the U-shaped connector is fixedly connected to the side wall panel of the experimental box by screws, and the side edge of the tempered glass panel is slidably installed in the mounting groove of the I-shaped connector or the U-shaped connector.

[0010] Furthermore, the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box are fixedly connected to the bottom plate by bolts, and the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the lifting platform thereunder by bolts.

[0011] Another technical solution of the present invention: an experimental method for the above-mentioned mining field filling simulation experimental device, comprising the following steps: (1) using concrete and other rock-like materials in corresponding proportions as simulation materials to simulate surrounding rock or ore; according to the actual engineering geological conditions, determining the faults and cracks that affect the mining field, and simulating the faults and cracks by fault filling materials; (2) according to the actual engineering geological conditions, calculating the burial depth of the ore body and the pressure on the upper part, and determining the pressure measurement by the method of ground stress measurement; (3) according to the determined force measurement, setting the pressure of the upper pressure cylinder and the side pressure cylinder; (4) dividing the mining field simulated in the experimental box into mine rooms and mine pillars in the same proportion, and gradually excavating and filling the divided mine rooms and mine pillars according to the actual working sequence.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (4), the excavation and filling process is to remove the tempered glass plate on the front or rear side of the experimental box corresponding to the position of the mine room or pillar to be excavated, and then excavate, and pre-bury stress and strain sensors at different locations during the excavation process; after the excavation is completed, install the removed tempered glass plate, and then inject filling slurry into the goaf for filling. After the filling slurry solidifies, install the acoustic emission probe on the tempered glass plate on the front and rear sides of the filling body.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the mine stope filling simulation experimental device of the present invention is easy to use, easy to operate, and highly practical, and is convenient for clearly observing and monitoring the stress conditions of the stope and filling body and the expansion changes of cracks and fissures. It can simulate and analyze the excavation and filling process of the stope and the stress conditions of the top and the filling body during the process, greatly restoring the real mining process, and providing a basis for the improvement of the support and filling technology adopted on site. The staff can also have an intuitive understanding of the mining and filling process of the mine, and solves the problem of difficulty in detecting the stability of the stope and the filling body under deep operations of metal mines.

[0014] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments and related drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 2 is a front view of the experimental box in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 is a top view of the experimental box in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Explanation of numbers in the figure: 100-bottom plate, 200-experimental box, 210-tempered glass plate, 220-upper pressure plate, 230-side pressure plate, 240-limiting cross bar, 250-I-shaped connector, 260-U-shaped connector, 270-fixed plate, 300-gantry, 310-upper pressure cylinder, 311-upper pressure head, 320-side pressure cylinder, 321-side pressure head, 400-lifting platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a mining field filling simulation experimental device comprises a bottom plate 100, on which an experimental box 200 for filling with simulation materials is arranged, and the front and rear side walls of the experimental box 200 are assembled by a plurality of detachable transparent tempered glass plates 210; a plurality of upper pressure plates 220 corresponding to the positions of the tempered glass plates on the front and rear side walls are arranged on the upper side of the experimental box 200, and side pressure plates 230 are arranged on the inner sides of the left and right side walls of the experimental box 200 respectively; the experimental device is mainly used to simulate the situation of mining once every three days in a mine, using concrete and other rock-like materials in corresponding proportions as simulation materials to simulate surrounding rocks or ores, and using gypsum or other fault filling materials to simulate the surrounding rocks or ores. Simulate faults or cracks that affect the mining area, restore the real working conditions of the mine, and study the stress conditions of pillars and filling bodies; the simulation materials in the experimental box are divided into mine rooms and pillars, and each tempered glass plate on the front and rear side walls of the experimental box corresponds to a mine room area or a pillar area. The number of tempered glass plates on the front and rear side walls of the experimental box and the number of upper pressure plates can be adjusted according to the number of divided mine rooms and pillars. The upper pressure plate is used to simulate the real variable force, and the pressure of the upper pressure plate is adjusted to simulate mining areas of different depths. The two sides are constrained and fixed with side pressure plates to provide lateral force, which can realistically simulate the stress state of the mining area and realistically restore the state of the mining and filling process of the mining area.

[0020] The front and rear side walls of the experimental box are made of detachable transparent tempered glass panels, which are convenient for external observation of the experimental process. The transparent tempered glass panels corresponding to the mine room or pillar to be mined can be removed to facilitate the removal of the simulated materials in the mine room or pillar to simulate the mining process.

[0021] In this embodiment, the gantry 300 is fixedly connected to the base plate 100, and the experimental box 200 is located in the middle of the gantry 300. A plurality of upper pressure cylinders 310 hanging down and corresponding to the upper pressure plates are installed on the crossbeam of the gantry. The lower end of the upper pressure cylinder 310 is connected to an upper pressure head 311, and the lower end of the upper pressure head 311 is connected to a pressure sensor and abuts against the corresponding upper pressure plate.

[0022] In this embodiment, side pressure cylinders 320 with driving ends facing the left and right sides of the experimental box are horizontally installed on the upper edges of the vertical columns on both sides of the gantry 300, and the driving ends of the side pressure cylinders 320 are connected to side pressure heads 321. The inner side of the side pressure head 321 is connected to a pressure sensor and is in contact with the side pressure plate on the same side; the upper pressure cylinder and the side pressure cylinder are both hydraulic cylinders, and each upper pressure head and side pressure head is equipped with an independent pressure sensor. Each pressure hydraulic cylinder, pressure head and corresponding pressure sensor constitute an independent control unit, which can control the pressure of the corresponding area.

[0023] In this embodiment, the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box 200 are made of steel plates and are provided with windows for the side pressure head to pass through; the tempered glass plate is provided with mounting holes for arranging the detection equipment, and the detection equipment includes a stress strain sensor and an acoustic emission probe, wherein the stress strain sensor is buried in the filling body, and its signal line passes through the mounting hole, while the acoustic emission probe is installed at the mounting hole; drainage holes are left on the bottom plate so that the moisture in the filling slurry can flow out quickly, and the filling slurry can be grouted through the grouting holes opened on the top plate of the mining area.

[0024] In this embodiment, a fixing plate 270 is welded to the outer side of the lower end of the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box, and the fixing plate is connected to the bottom plate by bolts. The bottom plate is provided with a T-slot for installing the bolt and slidingly cooperating with the bolt. The head of the bolt is stuck in the T-slot, and the rod of the bolt passes upward through the T-slot and the fixing plate 270 and is locked by a nut. Therefore, when the nut is loosened, the fixing plate and the left and right side wall panels can be moved left and right to adjust the position of the left and right side wall panels, and then the length of the entire experimental box can be adjusted. It can truly simulate mining sites of different sizes, which is more convenient for simulating mining sites in different situations.

[0025] In this embodiment, a limiting cross bar located at the front and rear sides of the experimental box is connected between the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box, and the adjacent tempered glass panels are connected together by an I-shaped connector 250 with installation grooves on both sides, and the tempered glass panel and the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box are connected together by a U-shaped connector 260 with installation grooves, and the U-shaped connector is fixedly connected to the side wall panel of the experimental box by screws, and the side edge of the tempered glass panel is slidably installed in the installation groove of the I-shaped connector or the U-shaped connector; the tempered glass panel is convenient to disassemble and assemble, and is easy to operate. When installing, the edges on both sides can be directly slid into the installation grooves on both sides. When disassembling, the steel protection glass panel can be directly pulled out upwards; the splicing between the tempered glass panels is realized by the I-shaped connector 250, and the connection between the tempered glass panel and the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box is realized by the U-shaped connector. When adjusting the length of the entire experimental box, the number of spliced ​​steel protection glass panels can be increased or decreased.

[0026] In this embodiment, in order to ensure the stability of the front and rear side walls of the experimental box 200 formed by splicing tempered glass plates, a limiting cross bar 240 located at the front and rear sides of the experimental box is connected between the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box 200, and the I-shaped connecting piece and the U-shaped connecting piece are located on the inner side of the limiting cross bar to prevent the front and rear side walls of the experimental box 200 from being squeezed outward by the internal filling material; the two ends of the limiting cross bar are fixedly connected to the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box by screws, and the length of the entire experimental box can be adjusted by simply replacing the limiting cross bars of different length specifications.

[0027] In this embodiment, the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box 200 are fixedly connected to the bottom plate 100 by bolts, and the bottom plate 100 is fixedly connected to the lifting platform 400 thereunder by bolts. The height of the entire experimental box can be adjusted by lifting the lifting platform.

[0028] The mining field filling body simulation experimental device of the present invention solves the problem of difficulty in detecting the stability of the mining field and the filling body under deep operation of metal mines. The upper pressure head can truly simulate the stress condition of the mining field roof, and the pressure provided by the pressure head can be adjusted according to different burial depths; the front and rear sides of the equipment are transparent structures, and the stress conditions of the mining field and the filling body can be clearly observed. The stress of the mining field and the filling body and the expansion changes of cracks and fissures can be monitored in time through an external camera device, and the stress strength of the filling body, the mining field top and the retained ore pillars can be monitored in real time through a pressure sensor; the mining field excavation and filling process and the stress condition of the top and the filling body during the process can be reproduced, which greatly restores the real mining process, provides a basis for the improvement of the support and filling process adopted on site, and the staff can also have an intuitive understanding of the mining and filling process of the mine.

[0029] An experimental method for the above-mentioned mining field filling simulation experimental device comprises the following steps: (1) using concrete and other rock-like materials in corresponding proportions as simulation materials to simulate surrounding rock or ore; according to actual engineering geological conditions, determining the faults and cracks that affect the mining field, and simulating the faults and cracks by fault filling materials; (2) according to actual engineering geological conditions, calculating the burial depth of the ore body and the pressure on the upper part, and determining the pressure measurement by means of ground stress measurement; (3) according to the determined force measurement, setting the pressure of the upper pressure cylinder and the side pressure cylinder; (4) dividing the mining field simulated in the experimental box into mine rooms and mine pillars in the same proportion, and gradually excavating and filling the divided mine rooms and mine pillars according to the actual working sequence; the whole experiment can be directly recorded and observed by a high-speed camera to provide reference data for the later experimental results collation.

[0030] In this embodiment, in step (4), the excavation and filling process is to remove the tempered glass plate on the front or rear side of the experimental box corresponding to the position of the mine room or mine pillar to be excavated, and then excavate, and pre-bury stress and strain sensors at different locations during the excavation process; after the excavation is completed, install the removed tempered glass plate, and then inject filling slurry into the goaf for filling. After the filling slurry is solidified, install the acoustic emission probe on the tempered glass plate on the front and rear sides of the filling body. The acoustic emission probe is directly installed on the mounting hole of the tempered glass plate, and the signal line of the stress and strain sensor can be led out from the mounting hole of the tempered glass plate.

[0031] The experimental method of the present invention can analyze the stress strength of the pillars and the stability of the filling body, and can make an accurate analysis and evaluation of the filling process of the entire filling mining field and the strength of the filling body, and can reproduce the support performance of the pillars during mining, so as to improve the entire mine filling process, solve the deep operation of metal mines, and can still be used to simulate the stability of the mine goaf and the filling body, as well as the stress conditions of the pillars under different operating environments, thereby ensuring the stability of mine filling, saving manpower and material resources, improving work efficiency, and ensuring that mining operations are carried out in a safe environment.

[0032] Unless otherwise stated, any technical solution disclosed in the present invention disclosed above, if it discloses a numerical range, then the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range, and any technician in the field should understand that the preferred numerical range is only a numerical value with a more obvious technical effect or representative value among many implementable numerical values. Since there are too many numerical values ​​to be exhaustive, the present invention discloses some numerical values ​​to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and the numerical values ​​listed above should not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] If the present invention discloses or involves components or structures that are fixedly connected to each other, then, unless otherwise stated, the fixed connection can be understood as: a detachable fixed connection (for example, connection using bolts or screws), and can also be understood as: a non-detachable fixed connection (for example, riveting, welding). Of course, the mutual fixed connection can also be replaced by an integrated structure (for example, manufactured by integrated molding using a casting process) (except when it is obviously impossible to use an integrated molding process).

[0034] In addition, unless otherwise stated, the terms used to indicate positional relationships or shapes in any of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention include states or shapes that are approximate, similar, or close to them.

[0035] Any component provided by the present invention may be assembled from a plurality of separate components, or may be a separate component manufactured by an integral forming process.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the technical solution for protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining field filling simulation experimental device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bottom plate, on which an experimental box for filling simulation materials is arranged, and the front and rear side walls of the experimental box are assembled by a plurality of detachable transparent tempered glass plates; a plurality of upper pressure plates corresponding to the positions of the tempered glass plates on the front and rear side walls are arranged on the upper side of the experimental box, and side pressure plates are arranged on the inner sides of the left and right side wall plates of the experimental box respectively; a limiting cross bar located at the front and rear sides of the experimental box is connected between the left and right side wall plates of the experimental box, and two adjacent tempered glass plates are connected together by an I-shaped connector with installation grooves on both sides, and the tempered glass plate and the experimental box are connected by a plurality of upper pressure plates corresponding to the positions of the tempered glass plates on the front and rear side walls. The left and right side wall panels of the box are connected together by a U-shaped connector with an installation groove, and the U-shaped connector is fixedly connected to the side wall panel of the experimental box by screws, and the side of the tempered glass plate is slidably installed in the installation groove of the I-shaped connector or the U-shaped connector; a gantry is fixedly connected to the bottom plate, and the experimental box is located in the middle of the gantry, and a plurality of upper pressure cylinders corresponding to the upper pressure plates are installed on the crossbeam of the gantry, and the lower end of the upper pressure cylinder is connected to an upper pressure head, and the lower end of the upper pressure head is connected to a pressure sensor and abuts against the corresponding upper pressure plate.

2. The stope filling simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Side pressure cylinders with driving ends facing the left and right sides of the experimental box are horizontally installed on the upper edges of the vertical columns on both sides of the gantry. The driving ends of the side pressure cylinders are connected to side pressure heads. The inner sides of the side pressure heads are connected to pressure sensors and abut against the side pressure plates on the same sides.

3. The stope filling simulation experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The left and right side wall panels of the experimental box are made of steel plates and are provided with windows for the side pressure head to pass through; the tempered glass plate is provided with mounting holes for arranging the detection equipment; the left and right side wall panels of the experimental box are welded with fixing plates on the outer sides of the lower ends, and the fixing plates are connected to the bottom plate by bolts, and the bottom plate is provided with T-slots for installing bolts and slidingly cooperating with the bolts.

4. The stope filling simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right side wall panels of the experimental box are fixedly connected to the bottom plate by bolts, and the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the lifting platform below it by bolts.

5. An experimental method for the stope filling simulation experimental device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Use concrete and other rock-like materials in corresponding proportions as simulation materials to simulate surrounding rock or ore; according to the actual engineering geological conditions, determine the faults and cracks that affect the mining area, and simulate the faults and cracks through fault filling materials; (2) According to the actual engineering geological conditions, calculate the burial depth of the ore body and the pressure on the upper part, and determine the pressure measurement by the method of ground stress measurement; (3) According to the determined force measurement, set the pressure of the upper pressure cylinder and the side pressure cylinder; (4) Divide the mining area simulated in the experimental box into mine rooms and pillars in the same proportion, and gradually excavate and fill the divided mine rooms and pillars according to the actual work sequence.

6. The experimental method of the stope filling simulation experimental device according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (4), the excavation and filling process is to remove the tempered glass plate on the front or rear side of the experimental box corresponding to the position of the mine room or mine pillar to be excavated, and then excavate, and pre-bury stress and strain sensors at different locations during the excavation process; after the excavation is completed, install the removed tempered glass plate, and then inject filling slurry into the goaf for filling. After the filling slurry is solidified, install the acoustic emission probe on the tempered glass plate on the front and rear sides of the filling body.

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