A cooling device for a deep-sea nuclear energy system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a cooling device for a deep-sea nuclear energy system, including a liquid metal tank, a power generation module and an equipment cooling module; the power generation module includes a reactor and a condenser, a condensate deaerator, a feed water pump, a steam generator and a steam turbine generator connected in sequence; the equipment cooling module includes an equipment cooling heat exchanger, an equipment cooling pump and equipment to be cooled connected in sequence; a cavity for filling with liquid metal is provided in the liquid metal tank, and the equipment cooling heat exchanger and the condenser are connected with the cavity. The present invention connects the cavity filled with liquid metal in the liquid metal tank with the power generation module and the equipment cooling module, and uses seawater forced or natural convection to meet the cooling requirements of the deep-sea submersible in the case of advancing or hovering, thereby realizing unpowered seawater cooling of the nuclear power generation system, and at the same time solves the problem of traditional sea-going pipelines as a transmission path for vibration noise, thereby realizing low-noise operation of the deep-sea submersible in the full range of working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of underwater detection, and in particular to a cooling device for a deep-sea nuclear energy system. Background Art

[0002] Deep-sea submersibles are mobile work platforms used for scientific research, resource exploration and tactical reconnaissance on the seabed. Their working environment is deep sea at depths of one to several thousand meters. With the expansion of mission requirements, the requirements for the diving depth, reliability, vibration and noise of deep-sea submersibles are getting higher and higher. In order to achieve long-distance, long-term and autonomous operation of deep-sea submersibles, nuclear power generation devices have become their only choice.

[0003] The seawater cooling system of the deep-sea submersible nuclear power generation device is responsible for providing circulating cooling water and equipment cooling water, cooling turbine exhaust steam, maintaining equipment operating temperature, etc., and plays an important role in ensuring the normal operation and safety of the nuclear power of the deep-sea space station. However, there are three major problems with the current seawater cooling system.

[0004] First, since most of the heat in the nuclear power generation device needs to be discharged to the ocean through the seawater cooling system, it is necessary to open multiple sea ports on the pressure hull and install long-distance high-pressure seawater pipelines, which not only damages the structural strength of the pressure hull, but also increases the risk of damage to the sea pipeline, making it prone to reliability problems at great diving depths;

[0005] Second, the seawater cooling system is a direct transmission channel for the vibration and noise of the power generation system to be transmitted to the ocean. Not only is it easy to frighten marine life during scientific research activities, making it difficult to conduct a true investigation of the marine environment, but it is also very easy to expose targets during military operations, thus affecting the smooth execution of combat missions.

[0006] Third, seawater is a highly corrosive medium and carries a large amount of various marine debris, which not only causes serious corrosion problems for sea-going pipelines, but may also cause the inlet filters and seawater heat exchangers of the sea-going pipelines to be clogged by debris, thus seriously affecting the normal and safe operation of nuclear power generation equipment.

[0007] In summary, the seawater cooling system of nuclear power generation equipment is the key system in deep-sea submersibles that is most sensitive to diving depth, has the weakest reliability, and has the most prominent noise. Therefore, how to achieve efficient, reliable, and quiet seawater cooling for deep-sea submersibles that dive to depths exceeding 1,000 meters is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Once the above problems are successfully solved, it will be of great significance to enhance my country's deep-sea development. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned technical defects and application requirements, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cooling device for a deep-sea nuclear energy system to effectively solve the above-mentioned problems and realize efficient, reliable and quiet seawater cooling of deep-sea submersibles with a diving depth of more than one kilometer.

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a cooling device for a deep-sea nuclear energy system, comprising:

[0010] A liquid metal tank and a power generation module and an equipment cooling module arranged inside the liquid metal tank;

[0011] The power generation module includes: a reactor and a condenser, a condensate deaerator, a feed water pump, a steam generator and a steam turbine generator connected in sequence; the steam generator is installed at the heating end of the reactor; the equipment cooling module includes: an equipment cooling heat exchanger, an equipment cooling pump and a plurality of equipment to be cooled connected in sequence; a cavity for filling with liquid metal is provided in the liquid metal tank, and the equipment cooling heat exchanger and the condenser are connected to the cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the liquid metal tank is an arc-shaped structure, the angle corresponding to the arc-shaped structure is not less than 300 degrees, and a pressure-resistant shell is installed outside the liquid metal tank.

[0013] Furthermore, the radial thickness of the liquid metal in the liquid metal tank is not less than 200 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the liquid metal filled in the liquid metal tank is a gallium-indium-tin alloy having a melting point lower than 0°C and a boiling point higher than 1000°C.

[0015] Furthermore, the condenser is installed with a plurality of staggered condenser heat pipes; the cold ends of the condenser heat pipes are communicated with the cavity, and the hot ends of the condenser heat pipes are installed in the condenser.

[0016] Furthermore, a plurality of cross-arranged equipment cooling heat exchanger heat pipes are installed in the equipment cooling heat exchanger; the cold ends of the equipment cooling heat exchanger heat pipes are connected to the cavity, and the hot ends of the equipment cooling heat exchanger heat pipes are installed in the equipment cooling heat exchanger.

[0017] Furthermore, a plurality of baffles are installed in the equipment cooling heat exchanger, and the baffles are arranged in a staggered manner in the equipment cooling heat exchanger.

[0018] Furthermore, there are multiple power generation modules and multiple equipment cooling modules.

[0019] Furthermore, the reactor is provided with a waste heat extraction heat pipe, and the waste heat extraction heat pipe connects the reactor and the cavity.

[0020] Furthermore, the cooling device of the deep-sea nuclear energy system also includes: a pure water tank and a sewage tank; the pure water tank is installed at the top of the inner side of the pressure shell, and the sewage tank is installed at the bottom of the inner side of the pressure shell.

[0021] The cooling device of the deep-sea nuclear energy system provided by the present invention realizes the unpowered seawater cooling of the nuclear power generation system by connecting the cavity filled with liquid metal in the liquid metal tank with the power generation module and the equipment cooling module, and using seawater forced or natural convection to meet the cooling needs of the deep-sea submersible in the case of advancing or hovering, etc., while solving the problem of the traditional sea-connected pipeline as a transmission path for vibration noise, and realizing the low-noise operation of the deep-sea submersible in the full range of working conditions. In addition, since the traditional sea-connected port is the only channel for the exhaust of waste heat from the power generation system, the discharged hot seawater is very concentrated, resulting in an obvious thermal wake effect, while the cooling device provided by the present invention expands the waste heat exhaust position to the entire pressure-resistant shell, and the surrounding seawater temperature rises low and dispersed, which is conducive to improving the infrared stealth capability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a cooling device for a deep-sea nuclear energy system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid metal tank provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a condenser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. liquid metal tank; 2. reactor; 3. condenser; 4. condensate deaerator tank; 5. feed water pump; 6. steam generator; 7. steam turbine generator; 8. equipment cooling heat exchanger; 9. equipment cooling pump; 10. equipment to be cooled; 11. liquid metal; 12. pressure-resistant shell; 13. pure water tank; 14. sewage tank; 15. waste heat extraction heat pipe; 16. secondary shielding layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] The embodiment of the present invention provides a cooling device for a deep-sea nuclear energy system, which is used for cooling a power generation system of a deep-sea submersible. Figure 1 As shown, the cooling device includes: a liquid metal tank 1 and a power generation module and an equipment cooling module arranged inside the liquid metal tank 1. The power generation module includes: a reactor 2 and a condenser 3, a condensate deaerator 4, a feed water pump 5, a steam generator 6 and a steam turbine generator 7 connected in sequence. The steam generator 6 is installed at the heating end of the reactor 2; the equipment cooling module includes: an equipment cooling heat exchanger 8, an equipment cooling pump 9 and a plurality of equipment to be cooled 10 connected in sequence. A cavity for filling with liquid metal 11 is provided in the liquid metal tank 1, and the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8 and the condenser 3 are connected to the cavity.

[0030] In this embodiment, the cooling demand of the deep-sea submersible power generation system can be divided into two parts: one is the cooling demand of the device to be cooled 10, and to ensure the normal operation of the device, its maximum temperature is usually not more than 60°C; the other is the demand for exhaust cooling of the steam turbine generator 7, and its maximum temperature is not more than 80°C. In addition, the seawater temperature is about 4°C at a depth of one kilometer, so the liquid metal 11, as a heat conduction medium, has an operating temperature range of 0°C to 80°C.

[0031] During the operation of the equipment cooling module: the high-temperature single-phase water is cooled to about 40°C through the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8, and then leaves through the outlet of the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8. After being pressurized by the equipment cooling pump 9 to a level sufficient to overcome the flow resistance of the entire process, it enters each device to be cooled 10 to absorb heat before entering the next cycle.

[0032] During the operation of the power generation module: after the exhaust steam of the steam turbine generator 7 is condensed into condensate, it will enter the condensate deaerator 4 from the condenser 3 for deoxygenation, then enter the feed water pump 5 to boost the pressure to the rated feed water pressure, and then enter the steam generator 6 located on the top of the reactor 2 for evaporation. The steam leaving the steam generator 6 enters the steam turbine generator 7 to do work, and the exhaust steam of the steam turbine generator 7 enters the condenser 3 for the next cycle.

[0033] The heat released by the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8 and the condenser 3 is transferred to the liquid metal 11 in the liquid metal tank 1 to heat the liquid metal 11. The heat is then transferred to the seawater through heat conduction and natural convection of the liquid metal 11 in the liquid metal tank 1, thereby achieving the effect of discharging the waste heat of the nuclear power generation device into the ocean.

[0034] In addition, according to specific needs, the number of power generation modules and equipment cooling modules can be increased to multiple to meet different working conditions. Generally, two power generation modules and two equipment cooling modules are sufficient.

[0035] The cooling device of the deep-sea nuclear energy system provided by the embodiment of the present invention realizes the unpowered seawater cooling of the nuclear power generation system by connecting the cavity filled with liquid metal in the liquid metal tank with the power generation module and the equipment cooling module, and using seawater forced or natural convection to meet the cooling requirements of the deep-sea submersible in the case of advancing or hovering, etc., and solves the problem of the traditional sea-connected pipeline as a transmission path for vibration noise, and realizes the low-noise operation of the deep-sea submersible in the full range of working conditions. At the same time, since the traditional sea-connected port is the only channel for the exhaust of waste heat from the power generation system, the discharged hot seawater is very concentrated, resulting in an obvious thermal wake effect, while the cooling device provided by this embodiment expands the waste heat exhaust position to the entire pressure-resistant shell, and the surrounding seawater temperature rises low and dispersed, which is conducive to improving the infrared stealth capability.

[0036] Based on the above embodiments, in a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the liquid metal tank 1 is an arc-shaped structure, the entire arc-shaped structure is completely closed inside, and the liquid metal 11 is filled in this closed structure. A pressure shell 12 is installed outside the liquid metal tank 1, and the corresponding pressure shell 12 is a hollow cylindrical structure. The angle corresponding to the arc structure is not less than 300°, and the center of the liquid metal tank 1 coincides with the center of the pressure shell 12. The nuclear power generation device adopts unmanned control and is usually located in an independent pressure shell 12. The reactor 2 and power conversion device for deep-sea submersibles adopt a miniaturized design and are arranged in the cylindrical center area of ​​the pressure shell 12.

[0037] The liquid metal tank 1 is a fully enclosed pressure-resistant structure as a whole, consisting of two semi-annular walls, two rectangular walls and a semi-cylindrical liquid metal tank wall, and the outer side of the semi-annular wall shares the wall structure with the inner wall of the pressure-resistant shell 12. The radial thickness of the liquid metal 11 in the liquid metal tank 1 is not less than 200 mm, and the wall of the liquid metal tank 1 is more than 400 mm smaller than the diameter of the pressure-resistant shell 12, so as to ensure that there is enough space in the liquid metal tank 1 to accommodate the working medium of the liquid metal 11.

[0038] In this embodiment, the liquid metal filled in the liquid metal tank 1 is a gallium-indium-tin alloy with a melting point below 0°C and a boiling point above 1000°C. Its thermal conductivity is more than three times higher than that of water, and it has the characteristics of stable performance, low melting point, good fluidity, and small shrinkage, and can be used in a seawater environment of about 4°C in a kilometer-level deep sea.

[0039] Since the liquid metal 11 does not undergo phase change in the case of the present embodiment, its volume change rate is no more than 1% in the temperature range, so 98% of the volume of the liquid metal tank 1 can be filled with liquid metal 11, and the remaining 2% of the volume is reserved as thermal expansion space. In addition to the area of ​​the liquid metal 11, the liquid metal tank 1 has about 2% of the space volume, and the air in the space is extracted to maintain a vacuum state of less than 5Pa, which can prevent the gas from affecting the performance of the liquid metal 11 and eliminate the alternating stress caused by the changes in gas temperature and pressure, which may cause damage to the tank structure.

[0040] The liquid metal tank 1 covers most of the boundaries of the pressure hull 12. Since the gallium-indium-tin alloy inside the liquid metal tank 1 has good radiation protection capabilities, the liquid metal tank 1 will also serve as a special block for secondary radiation shielding. In the area that the liquid metal tank 1 fails to cover, a local secondary shielding layer 16 is retained to ensure that the entire circumference of the pressure hull 12 can achieve good radiation shielding. The introduction of the liquid metal tank 1 can reduce the coverage area of ​​the secondary shielding layer, reduce the demand for radiation protection of nuclear power generation equipment, and reduce the volume and weight of the pressure hull 12, which is conducive to improving the comprehensive performance of deep-sea submersibles.

[0041] In order to facilitate heat exchange, a plurality of low-temperature heat pipes with an operating temperature of 0-80°C can be arranged in the liquid metal tank 1, and the indium tin alloy in the liquid metal tank 1 serves as the cold source end of the low-temperature heat pipe. Since the ocean environment temperature is about 4°C, the temperature of the low-temperature section of the low-temperature heat pipe can be controlled at 15-20°C through heat conduction between the pressure-resistant shell 12 and the liquid metal 11, and the working medium temperature of the high-temperature section of the low-temperature heat pipe is not higher than 80°C. Therefore, it can be considered that there is a heat exchange temperature difference of nearly 60°C between the two. In addition, the low-temperature heat pipe is divided into zones, and the hot ends of some low-temperature heat pipes are connected to the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8, and the hot ends of other low-temperature heat pipes are connected to the condenser 3.

[0042] The working medium in the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8 is liquid water at normal pressure, which is used as cooling water for equipment such as the vacuum pump, lubricating oil cooler, and generator. In this embodiment, the equipment to be cooled 10 is used to represent it. The single-phase water operating pressure in the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8 is about 0.1 MPa, and the high-temperature water of about 60°C from each equipment to be cooled 10 is collected and enters the inlet of the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8.

[0043] The low-temperature heat pipe corresponding to the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8 is the equipment cooling heat exchanger heat pipe, and a plurality of cross-arranged equipment cooling heat exchanger heat pipes are installed in the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8. The cold end of the equipment cooling heat exchanger heat pipe is connected to the cavity filled with liquid metal, and the hot end of the equipment cooling heat exchanger heat pipe is installed in the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8. Several arched baffles are also installed in the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8, and each baffle is staggered in the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8. Keep the high-temperature single-phase water horizontally flushing the equipment cooling heat exchanger heat pipe to obtain the maximum heat exchange performance. The high-temperature single-phase water will be cooled to about 40°C after passing through the equipment cooling heat exchanger heat pipe, and then leave through the outlet of the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8. After the equipment cooling pump 9 increases the pressure to be sufficient to overcome the flow resistance of the whole process, it enters each device to be cooled 10 to absorb heat, and then enters the next cycle.

[0044] The low-temperature heat pipe corresponding to the condenser 3 is a condenser heat pipe. The condenser 3 is equipped with a plurality of staggered condenser heat pipes; the cold end of the condenser heat pipe is connected to the cavity filled with liquid metal, and the hot end of the condenser heat pipe is installed in the condenser 3. The working medium of the condenser 3 is mainly negative pressure steam, which is used to condense the exhaust steam of 0.02-0.03MPa of the steam turbine generator 7 into liquid water. The exhaust steam of the steam turbine generator 7 enters the inlet section of the condenser 3, expands in the inlet section, and flushes the condenser heat pipe in the form of steam. Since the temperature of the condenser heat pipe is relatively low, about 25-35°C, the steam will condense on the surface of the condenser heat pipe.

[0045] In order to maintain the best condensation effect, the liquid film on the surface of the heat pipe must be removed quickly to maintain a high condensation heat transfer efficiency, such as Figure 3 As shown, the condenser heat pipes of this embodiment are arranged in staggered rows, and the surface is treated with a corresponding hydrophobic structure, so that the surface has good hydrophobicity, thereby reducing the accumulation of liquid film on the surface, which is beneficial to reducing the heat exchange area and the volume of the heat exchanger. During operation, when the exhaust steam of the steam turbine generator 7 is condensed into condensed water, it will enter the condensate deaerator 4 from the condenser 3 for deoxidation, then enter the feed water pump 5 to boost the pressure to the rated feed water pressure, and then enter the steam generator 6 located on the upper part of the reactor 2 for evaporation. The steam leaving the steam generator 6 enters the steam turbine generator 7 to do work, and the exhaust steam of the steam turbine generator 7 enters the condenser 3 for the next cycle.

[0046] In this embodiment, the heat released by the equipment cooling heat exchanger 8 is transferred to the liquid metal 11 in the liquid metal tank 1 through the equipment cooling heat exchanger heat pipe, and the heat released by the condenser 3 is transferred to the liquid metal 11 in the liquid metal tank 1 through the condenser heat pipe, so as to heat the liquid metal 11. Through the heat conduction and natural convection of the liquid metal 11 in the liquid metal tank 1, the heat derived from the corresponding heat pipe is transferred to the wall of the pressure shell 12, and then the pressure shell 12 transfers the heat of the liquid metal inside to the seawater outside, thereby achieving the effect of discharging the waste heat of the nuclear power generation device into the ocean.

[0047] When a deep-sea submersible sails forward in a deep-sea environment at a great depth, the seawater washes the pressure hull 12 at the speed of the deep-sea submersible, forming a strong forced convection effect. On the one hand, the speed requirement of deep-sea submersibles is generally not higher than 10 knots, so the heat discharged by the nuclear power generation device is generally in the megawatt level; on the other hand, since the pressure hull 12 is used as the heat exchange surface, the seawater heat exchange area is large, and the corresponding reinforced ribs of the pressure hull 12 can be used as an expanded heat exchange surface to enhance heat transfer. Therefore, the power generation system cooling device conforming to the pressure hull 12 can meet the cooling needs under navigation conditions.

[0048] When a deep-sea submersible is suspended or sunk in a certain sea area, due to the loss of forced convection of seawater that drives the submersible forward, under this operating condition, the relevant power of the nuclear power generation system is greatly reduced to less than 20% of the rated operating condition, and its seawater cooling demand is also significantly reduced. Therefore, the natural convection of seawater outside the pressure hull 12 is sufficient to take away the heat that needs to be exported by the nuclear power generation system.

[0049] When the reactor 2 fails and cannot be shut down, the heat generated by the core needs to be discharged as soon as possible to prevent a larger nuclear safety accident. Therefore, the reactor 2 can be provided with a residual heat extraction heat pipe 15. When the reactor 2 is operating normally, the residual heat extraction heat pipe 15 is in a closed operating state. When the reactor 2 has an accident and other safety measures fail, the residual heat extraction heat pipe 15 can transfer the heat generated by the core to the liquid metal 11 in the liquid metal tank 1, and then transfer the heat to the outer seawater through the pressure shell 12 through the liquid metal 11, so as to ensure that the heat in the reactor 2 will not be excessively accumulated, and avoid the occurrence of serious accidents such as core melting.

[0050] In addition, since all the sea outlets of the power generation system are eliminated in this embodiment, the deep-sea submersible cannot introduce seawater through the sea outlet for desalination and water production. For this reason, the cooling device in this embodiment also includes a pure water tank 13 and a sewage tank 14. The pure water tank 13 is installed at the top of the inner side of the pressure shell 12, and the sewage tank 14 is installed at the bottom of the inner side of the pressure shell 12. The pure water tank 13 is used to provide pure water when the nuclear power generation system needs to be supplemented with new working fluid, and the sewage from the nuclear power generation system will be sent to the sewage tank 14 for storage. If the deep-sea submersible needs to purify seawater into fresh water under extremely special circumstances, seawater is obtained through the operating sampling port that the deep-sea submersible must be equipped with, and then desalination treatment is carried out.

[0051] In summary, the cooling device of the deep-sea nuclear energy system provided by the embodiment of the present invention realizes the unpowered seawater cooling of the nuclear power generation system by connecting the cavity filled with liquid metal in the liquid metal tank with the power generation module and the equipment cooling module, and using seawater forced or natural convection to meet the cooling requirements of the deep-sea submersible when it is moving forward or hovering, and solves the problem of the traditional sea-connected pipeline as a transmission path for vibration noise, and realizes the low-noise operation of the deep-sea submersible in the full range of working conditions. At the same time, since the traditional sea-connected port is the only channel for the exhaust of waste heat from the power generation system, the discharged hot seawater is very concentrated, resulting in an obvious thermal wake effect, while the cooling device provided by the present invention extends the waste heat exhaust position to the entire pressure-resistant shell, and the surrounding seawater temperature rises low and dispersed, which is conducive to improving the infrared stealth capability. In addition, this embodiment cancels all the sea-connected ports of the conventional nuclear power generation system, realizes the zero opening of the pressure-resistant shell, which is conducive to maintaining the pressure-resistant capability of the deep-sea submersible at a diving depth of more than 1,000 meters, and completely isolates the seawater from the heat exchange tube through the pressure-resistant shell, fundamentally avoiding the problems of corrosion and blockage of the seawater heat exchanger, and ensuring the reliability of the cooling device.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the invention rather than to limit it. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention.

Claims

1. A cooling device for a deep-sea nuclear energy system, characterized in that: include: A liquid metal tank and a power generation module and an equipment cooling module arranged in the liquid metal tank; The power generation module includes: a reactor and a condenser, a condensate deaerator, a feed water pump, a steam generator and a steam turbine generator connected in sequence; the steam generator is installed at the heating end of the reactor; the equipment cooling module includes: an equipment cooling heat exchanger, an equipment cooling pump and a plurality of equipment to be cooled connected in sequence; a cavity for filling with liquid metal is provided in the liquid metal tank, and the equipment cooling heat exchanger and the condenser are connected to the cavity; there are multiple power generation modules and equipment cooling modules; the reactor is equipped with a waste heat extraction heat pipe, and the waste heat extraction heat pipe connects the reactor and the cavity.

2. The cooling device of the deep sea nuclear energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid metal tank is an arc-shaped structure, the angle corresponding to the arc-shaped structure is not less than 300 degrees, and a pressure-resistant shell is installed outside the liquid metal tank.

3. The cooling device of the deep sea nuclear energy system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radial thickness of the liquid metal in the liquid metal tank is not less than 200 mm.

4. The cooling device of the deep sea nuclear energy system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The liquid metal filled in the liquid metal tank is a gallium-indium-tin alloy having a melting point lower than 0° C. and a boiling point higher than 1000° C.

5. The cooling device of the deep sea nuclear energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condenser is installed with a plurality of staggered condenser heat pipes; the cold ends of the condenser heat pipes are communicated with the cavity, and the hot ends of the condenser heat pipes are installed in the condenser.

6. The cooling device of the deep sea nuclear energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of cross-arranged heat pipes of the equipment cooling heat exchanger are installed in the equipment cooling heat exchanger; the cold ends of the heat pipes of the equipment cooling heat exchanger are connected to the cavity, and the hot ends of the heat pipes of the equipment cooling heat exchanger are installed in the equipment cooling heat exchanger.

7. The cooling device of the deep sea nuclear energy system according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of baffles are also installed in the equipment cooling heat exchanger, and the baffles are arranged in a staggered manner in the equipment cooling heat exchanger.

8. The cooling device of the deep sea nuclear energy system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling device of the deep-sea nuclear energy system also includes: a pure water tank and a sewage tank; the pure water tank is installed at the top of the inner side of the pressure shell, and the sewage tank is installed at the bottom of the inner side of the pressure shell.

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