A portable wheel tread circumferential profile measuring device and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a portable wheel tread circumferential profile device and method for movable measurement, which belongs to the technical field of train wheel detection. It includes a measuring component, a following component and a positioning component, the positioning component includes a symmetrically distributed fixed plate and a positioning wheel, and the two fixed plates are fixedly connected by a long axis, and the positioning wheel is correspondingly installed on the fixed plate; the measuring component is installed perpendicular to the fixed plate, and the following component is slidably installed on the long axis between the two fixed plates. The device of the present invention can move with the wheel, so there is no need to lift the wheel, the detection is convenient, time-saving and labor-saving, and it can reduce costs for the enterprise. At the same time, when the measuring method of the present invention is used for measurement, the axial profile of the wheel tread can be measured by adjusting between the components, and the measured result is more accurate and convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of train wheel detection, and more specifically, relates to a portable wheel tread circumferential profile movably measured device and method. Background Art

[0002] Train wheels are one of the most important running parts of rail transit trains, and they carry all the dynamic and static loads of the train. However, during the operation of the train, due to the long-term friction between the wheels and the tracks, the wheels will cause varying degrees of wear, such as wheel radial runout. The so-called wheel radial runout refers to the maximum change in the rolling circle of the wheel tread when a point on the actual surface of the same cross section rotates around the reference axis of the axle for one circle or continuously rotates. The larger the wheel radial runout, the vibration caused will accelerate the fatigue damage of the running parts, aggravate the wheel wear, rail corrugation, increase noise, reduce ride comfort, and seriously pose a great threat to driving safety. Therefore, accurately measuring the radial runout of train wheels is of great significance to ensuring the driving safety of trains.

[0003] The existing detection method of wheel geometric parameters is static measurement. Static measurement is a method of measuring wheel geometric parameters using special equipment such as lathes. The advantage of static measurement is high accuracy, but its disadvantages are large equipment investment, high cost, and a large amount of manpower and material resources. In addition, the measurement cycle is long, which affects the normal use of trains. Due to the various limitations of static measurement, more and more people are focusing on the research of laser scanning wheel sets.

[0004] After searching, the Chinese patent application number is: 201810715534.0, the application date is: June 30, 2018, and the name of the invention is: A dynamic rapid re-inspection method for the diameter of train bogie wheels. In the method disclosed in the application, the detection support is installed on the ground, and then the laser sensor bracket is fixed on the detection support. The laser line and the wheel axis are in the same plane and perpendicular to the ground, but this solution has two major shortcomings.

[0005] First, the position of the laser sensor in the device is not adjustable and cannot be fine-tuned according to the differences of each steering frame wheel pair, which is bound to affect the scanned data and further affect the assessment of wheel wear.

[0006] Second, the laser sensor in the device is fixed on the detection bracket, which is fixed on the ground, so the entire structure is fixed on the ground and is fixed. Each time the wheel is scanned, the bogie needs to be moved to the specified position, and the individual wheel needs to be lifted and manually rotated to scan the nominal diameter of the wheel. This solution is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and has poor usage limitations. Summary of the invention

[0007] 1. Problem to be solved

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing fixed point laser scanning wheels, which are immovable and difficult to adjust, and provide a portable wheel tread circumferential profile device and method that can be moved and measured. The device of the present invention can move with the wheel, so there is no need to lift the wheel, the detection is convenient, time-saving and labor-saving, and it can reduce costs for the enterprise. At the same time, during measurement, the axial profile of the wheel tread can be measured by adjusting the components, and the measured results are more accurate and convenient.

[0009] 2. Technical solution

[0010] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] The present invention discloses a portable wheel tread circumferential profile device that can be movably measured, comprising a measuring component, a following component and a positioning component, wherein the positioning component comprises symmetrically distributed fixing plates and positioning wheels, and the two fixing plates are fixedly connected via a long axis, and the positioning wheels are correspondingly mounted on the fixing plates; the measuring component is mounted perpendicular to the fixing plates, and the following component is slidably mounted on the long axis between the two fixing plates.

[0012] Furthermore, the measuring component includes an adjusting base, a laser displacement sensor, a meter wheel and an encoder. A follower wheel is installed at the bottom of the adjusting base, on which a laser displacement sensor is installed; the meter wheel is connected to the encoder and is installed on the rotating shaft of the adjusting base through a first mounting bracket.

[0013] Furthermore, the follower wheel is slidably connected to the adjustment base through a second mounting bracket, and is fixed on a laser bracket, and the laser bracket is connected to the adjustment base through a first slider; the rotating shaft of the first mounting bracket and the adjustment base is fixed by a pin.

[0014] Furthermore, the first sliding block is an L-shaped structure, a laser bracket is fixedly mounted on its longitudinal side plate, a threaded through hole is processed on its transverse side plate, and is connected to the adjustment base through a first adjustment rotary rod.

[0015] Furthermore, the following component includes a mounting seat and a following wheel, the following wheel is installed on the bottom of the mounting seat through a third mounting bracket, a sliding bearing seat is processed on the top of the mounting seat, and the following wheel is slidably installed on the long axis between the two fixed plates through the sliding bearing seat; the long axis running through the two fixed plates includes a first long axis, a second long axis and a third long axis, and both ends of the first long axis, the second long axis and the third long axis are fixedly connected to the fixed plates through fixing ear plates; the positioning wheel is installed on a fourth mounting bracket, and the fourth mounting bracket is fixedly connected to the fixed plate through a long bolt.

[0016] Furthermore, a sensor and a ball plunger are installed on the positioning component, and the sensor and the ball plunger are respectively installed on different fixing plates of the positioning component.

[0017] Furthermore, the sensor is fixedly mounted on the sensor bracket, and the sensor bracket is slidably connected to the fixed plate through a second slider, and the second slider is fixedly connected to the fixed plate, and is connected to the sensor bracket through a second adjusting rod; ball head plungers are symmetrically installed in the holes at both ends of one side of the fixed plate close to the fourth mounting bracket through interference fit, and positioning wheels are symmetrically installed at both ends of the fourth mounting bracket.

[0018] Furthermore, the second slider and the sensor bracket are both processed with mounting holes that match the second adjusting rotary rod thread, and the second adjusting rotary rod passes through the mounting holes of the second slider and the sensor bracket.

[0019] The present invention provides a convenient method for measuring the circumferential profile of a wheel tread, using the above-mentioned device for measurement, and the measuring process is: installing the device on the inner rim surface 4 of the wheel; then adjusting the installation position of the measuring component 1; driving the wheel, and the wheel rotates to start measuring the wheel diameter runout value.

[0020] Furthermore, when measuring, firstly, the locating wheels on both sides are attached and fixed to the inner and outer spokes of the wheel, and it is ensured that the ball plunger on one side of the fixing plate is in contact with the inner rim surface of the wheel; then, the installation position of the follower wheel and the following wheel is adjusted to ensure that the follower wheel is in contact with the wheel rim, the meter wheel is attached to the wheel tread, and the following wheel is in contact with the rail surface; then, the sensor bracket is adjusted to make the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor pass through the center of the wheel; finally, the wheel moves, and when it rotates, it drives the meter wheel to rotate, and the wheel diameter jump value is measured.

[0021] 3. Beneficial effects

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The portable wheel tread circumferential profile device of the present invention can be moved and measured, including a measuring component, a following component and a positioning component. The positioning component includes a symmetrically distributed fixing plate and a positioning wheel, and the two fixing plates are fixedly connected by a long axis. The measuring component and the following component are installed on the positioning component. The positioning component is in contact with the inner and outer spokes of the wheel, and the following component is in contact with the rail. When the train wheel is moving, the entire measuring device can follow the movement of the wheel through the setting of the following component, and the measuring component starts detection at the same time, so there is no need to lift the wheel, and the detection is convenient, time-saving and labor-saving, which effectively solves the problem of the immovability and difficulty of adjustment of the existing fixed point laser scanning wheel pair.

[0024] (2) The portable wheel tread circumferential contour device of the present invention can be moved and measured. The measuring parts include an adjustment base, a laser displacement sensor, a meter wheel and an encoder. The laser displacement sensor is connected to the adjustment base through a laser bracket. The meter wheel is connected to the encoder and is installed on the rotating shaft of the adjustment base through a first mounting bracket. When measuring, the meter wheel is kept in contact with the wheel tread. The rolling of the wheel drives the meter wheel to rotate. The meter wheel drives the encoder to rotate. The encoder sends a signal to the laser displacement sensor every certain number of pulses to measure a point on the wheel tread. After the wheel rolls one circle, the measured points form a circle, thereby reflecting the circumferential contour of the wheel tread. The operation is simple, time-saving and labor-saving, which is conducive to reducing enterprise costs.

[0025] (3) A portable wheel tread circumferential profile device for movable measurement of the present invention, wherein the laser bracket is connected to the adjustment base through a first slider, the first slider is an L-shaped structure, the longitudinal side plate of which is fixedly connected to the laser bracket, the transverse side plate of which is processed with a threaded hole, and is connected to the adjustment base through a first adjustment rod. By setting the first slider and optimizing its specific structure, it is convenient to adjust the installation position of the laser displacement sensor at any time, which is conducive to ensuring the measurement accuracy. At the same time, the rotating shaft of the first mounting bracket and the adjustment base is fixed by a pin shaft, and the first mounting bracket can be adjusted at a certain angle during installation, so that the meter wheel can be close to the wheel tread, and then the measuring point is directly opposite to the wheel tread position, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement result. In addition, a follower wheel is also installed at the bottom of the adjustment base. The setting of the follower wheel is conducive to improving the overall installation stability of the measuring component and preventing it from tilting. The follower wheel is installed on the second mounting bracket, and the second mounting bracket can be slidably installed on the adjustment base through the slider, so that the installation position of the follower wheel can be adjusted at any time, which can further reduce the measurement error.

[0026] (4) The present invention is a portable wheel tread circumferential contour device that can be moved and measured. The following component includes a mounting seat and a following wheel. The mounting seat is processed with a sliding bearing seat. The following component is installed on the long axis between two fixed plates through the sliding bearing seat. Through the setting of the sliding bearing seat, the following component can move back and forth on the long axis. The installation position of the following component can be adjusted at any time according to the needs of different measurement environments. The operation is simple and convenient.

[0027] (5) The portable wheel tread circumferential contour device of the present invention is movable and can measure the circumferential contour of the wheel tread. The positioning component is equipped with a sensor and a ball plunger. The sensor is fixed on the sensor bracket. The sensor bracket is slidably connected to the fixed plate through the second slider. The installation method of the sensor is optimized to facilitate the adjustment of the installation position of the sensor. The ball plunger is installed in the hole of the fixed plate by interference fit, and there are two ball plungers, which cooperate with the inner rim surface to achieve the purpose of positioning and ensure the accuracy of the measurement results. At the same time, there are four positioning wheels, which are symmetrically distributed on the fixed plates on both sides. When installed on the wheel, the four positioning wheels cooperate with the inner and outer spokes to position and fix, ensuring that the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor passes through the center of the wheel, which plays a calibration role, thereby facilitating the improvement of detection accuracy.

[0028] (6) The present invention provides a convenient method for measuring the circumferential profile of a wheel tread. By optimizing the design of the installation method of the device, four positioning wheels are used in conjunction with inner and outer spokes to position and fix the device, and it is ensured that the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor passes through the center of the wheel, thereby playing a calibration role. This allows the measurement point to be accurately and quickly located, and the wheel diameter runout at the wheel tread to be measured, thereby improving accuracy and reducing human resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the measuring device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the measuring component of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the meter wheel of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the follower component of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the installation and position adjustment of the laser displacement sensor of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the positioning component of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the positioning wheel of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the sensor of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the installation and position adjustment of the sensor of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the use state of the measuring device of the present invention when performing detection.

[0039] In the figure:

[0040] 1. Measuring components:

[0041] 100, adjustment base; 101, first slider; 102, first adjustment rotary rod; 103, laser bracket; 104, laser displacement sensor; 105, first mounting bracket; 106, encoder; 107, meter wheel; 108, follower wheel; 109, pin shaft; 110, second mounting bracket;

[0042] 2. Follow components:

[0043] 200, mounting seat; 201, third mounting bracket; 202, following wheel; 203, sliding bearing seat;

[0044] 3. Positioning components:

[0045] 300, fixing plate; 301, fourth mounting bracket; 302, sensor bracket; 303, second adjusting rotary rod; 304, second slider; 305, sensor; 306, positioning wheel; 307, fixing ear plate; 308, long bolt; 309, ball plunger; 310, first long axis; 311, second long axis; 312, third long axis;

[0046] 4. Inner rim of wheel; 5. Wheel tread; 6. Rail; 7. Wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 1-2 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, a portable wheel tread circumferential profile device for movable measurement of the present embodiment includes a measuring component 1, a following component 2 and a positioning component 3, wherein the positioning component 3 includes symmetrically distributed fixing plates 300 and positioning wheels 306, and the two fixing plates 300 are fixedly connected by a long axis, and the positioning wheel 306 is installed on a fourth mounting bracket 301, and the fourth mounting bracket 301 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 300 by a long bolt 308.

[0050] The measuring component 1 is installed perpendicular to one side of the fixed plate 300. Specifically, the measuring component 1 includes an adjustment base 100, a laser displacement sensor 104, a meter wheel 107 and an encoder 106. The adjustment base 100 is installed on the inner side of a fixed plate 300 through an adjustment screw, and a follower wheel 108 is installed at the bottom thereof. The follower wheel 108 contacts the surface of the wheel rim and supports the entire measuring component 1, which is conducive to improving the installation stability and preventing it from tilting during use, thereby facilitating the accuracy of the measurement result. The laser displacement sensor 104 is installed on the adjustment base 100, and the meter wheel 107 is connected to the encoder 106 and is installed on the rotating shaft of the adjustment base 100 through the first mounting bracket 105.

[0051] The following component 2 includes a mounting seat 200 and a following wheel 202, and is mounted on the long axis between two fixing plates 300. Fig.10 As shown, the positioning wheel 306 on the positioning component 3 is in contact with the inner and outer spokes of the wheel 7, and the following component 2 is in contact with the rail 6. When the train wheel is moving, the following component 2 is set so that the entire measuring device can follow the movement of the wheel 7, and the measuring component 1 starts to detect at the same time, so there is no need to lift the wheel, which is convenient, time-saving and labor-saving, and effectively solves the problem of the existing fixed point laser scanning wheel set being immovable and difficult to adjust. Specifically, as Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the follower wheel 202 is installed at the bottom of the mounting seat 200 through the third mounting bracket 201, and a sliding bearing seat 203 is processed on the top of the mounting seat 200, and is slidably installed on the long axis between the two fixed plates 300 through the sliding bearing seat 203. Through the setting of the sliding bearing seat 203, the follower component 2 can move back and forth on the long axis, and the installation position of the follower component 2 can be adjusted at any time according to the needs of different measurement environments, which is simple and convenient to operate.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] The portable wheel tread circumferential profile measuring device of this embodiment is basically the same in structure as that of the first embodiment, and the main difference is that: Figure 2 As shown, the follower wheel 108 is mounted on the second mounting bracket 110 via a pin 109, and the second mounting bracket 110 is slidably connected to the adjustment base 100 via a slider, so that the installation position of the follower wheel 108 can be adjusted at any time, thereby further reducing the measurement error. Figure 3 As shown, the laser displacement sensor 104 is fixed to the laser bracket 103 by screws, and the laser bracket 103 is connected to the adjustment base 100 through the first slider 101. Figure 5As shown, the first slider 101 is an L-shaped structure, and a laser bracket 103 is fixedly installed on its longitudinal side panel, and a threaded through hole is processed on its transverse side panel. A connecting seat is integrally processed on one side of the adjustment base 100, and a threaded through hole is also processed on the connecting seat. The first adjusting rotary rod 102 is installed through the threaded through holes of the first slider 101 and the adjustment base 100. By rotating the knob of the first adjusting rotary rod 102, the installation position of the laser displacement sensor 104 can be adjusted at any time.

[0054] At the same time, the first mounting bracket 105 and the rotating shaft of the adjustment base 100 are fixed by a pin, so that the first mounting bracket 105 can be adjusted to a certain angle during installation, so that the meter wheel 107 can be close to the wheel tread 5, and then the measuring point is directly opposite to the wheel tread 5, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement result. Figure 6-8 As shown, the long axis running through the two fixed plates 300 includes a first long axis 310, a second long axis 311 and a third long axis 312, and both ends of the first long axis 310, the second long axis 311 and the third long axis 312 are fixedly connected to the fixed plate 300 through a fixing ear plate 307. By setting the three long axes, the installation stability between the two fixed plates 300 can be further improved. The positioning component 3 is also equipped with a sensor 305 and a ball plunger 309, and the sensor 305 and the ball plunger 309 are respectively installed on different fixed plates 300 of the positioning component 3. By setting the sensor 305 and the ball plunger 309, the installation of the device is accurately positioned to avoid measurement errors caused by inaccurate measurement points.

[0055] Specifically, the sensor 305 is fixedly mounted on the sensor bracket 302, and the sensor bracket 302 is slidably connected to the fixing plate 300 through the second slider 304, and a bearing sleeve is also provided on the sensor bracket 302. Fig. 9 As shown, the second slider 304 is fixed to the side of the fixing plate 300 by screws, and the second slider 304 and the sensor bracket 302 are both processed with mounting holes that are threadedly matched with the second adjusting rod 303, and the second adjusting rod 303 passes through the second slider 304 and is threadedly connected to the mounting holes of the sensor bracket 302. By optimizing the installation method of the sensor 305, the installation position of the sensor 305 can be adjusted by rotating the knob on the top of the second adjusting rod 303, which is easy and fast to operate.

[0056] The ball plunger 309 is installed in the hole of the fixing plate 300 by interference fit, and there are two ball plungers 309, which are symmetrically fixedly installed on the fixing plate 300 at both ends of one side close to the fourth mounting bracket 301, and cooperate with the inner rim surface to achieve the purpose of positioning and ensure the accuracy of the measurement result. At the same time, there are four positioning wheels 306, and two positioning wheels 306 are installed on each fixing plate 300, and the two positioning wheels 306 are symmetrically installed at both ends of the fourth mounting bracket 301. When the wheel 7 is positioned and installed, the four positioning wheels 306 cooperate with the inner and outer spokes to position and fix, ensuring that the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor 104 passes through the center of the wheel circle, which plays a calibration role, thereby facilitating the improvement of the detection accuracy.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] The present embodiment provides a convenient method for measuring the circumferential profile of the wheel tread, using the measuring device described in Example 2, and the specific operation process is as follows: install the device on the wheel 7; then adjust the installation position of the measuring component 1; drive the wheel, and the wheel rotates to start measuring the wheel radial runout value. Specifically, when the customer needs to know the wheel wear condition, take out the device, such as Fig.10 As shown, the four positioning wheels 306 on the positioning component 3 are attached to the inner and outer spokes of the wheel 7 and fixed, ensuring that the ball plunger 309 on the fixing plate 300 on one side is in contact with the inner rim surface 4 of the wheel, and the bearing sleeve in the sensor bracket 302 is in contact with the wheel tread 5. The installation positions of the follower wheel 108, the meter wheel 107 and the following wheel 202 are adjusted to ensure that the follower wheel 108 is in contact with the wheel rim 7, the meter wheel 107 is in contact with the wheel tread 5, and the following wheel 202 is in contact with the rail 6. Adjust the position of the laser displacement sensor 104 of the measuring component 1 so that the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor 104 passes through the center of the wheel circle. When measuring, the wheel 7 rolls and drives the meter wheel 107 to rotate, and the meter wheel 107 drives the encoder 106 to rotate. The encoder 106 sends a signal to the laser displacement sensor 104 every certain number of pulses to measure a point on the wheel tread 5. When the wheel 7 rolls one circle, the measured points form a circle, so that a data group can be obtained, that is, the X coordinate is the number of pulses, which starts from 0 and records a Y coordinate (displacement value) every n pulses until the last pulse N (N is not necessarily an integer multiple of n), thereby reflecting the circumferential contour of the wheel tread, so that customers can clearly understand the wheel wear. Specifically, the data measured by the laser displacement sensor 104 are processed as follows, and the wheel diameter runout value, eccentricity and ovality are finally obtained.

[0059] (1) Calculate the wheel 7 diameter

[0060] It is known that the circumference of the meter wheel 107 is C, the number of pulses generated by the meter wheel 107 driving the encoder 106 to rotate once is M, and the total number of pulses generated by the wheel 7 rotating once is N. When the wheel 7 rotates once, the meter wheel 107 rotates N / M times, and the circumference of the wheel 7 is NC / M. Therefore, the diameter of the wheel 7 is:

[0061]

[0062] (2) Calculate the radius at each point on the wheel tread

[0063] The displacement value measured by the device of the present invention can be converted into the radius of each point on the wheel tread 5. Assuming that the collected original data is (X i , Y i ), where X i The pulse number corresponding to each measurement point can be 0, n, 2n, 3n...N, Y i is the displacement value of each measuring point, and the number of collected data is k. In this measurement scheme, the larger the displacement value, the smaller the radius corresponding to the measuring point. The average displacement value of the wheel 7 in one cycle is:

[0064]

[0065] The displacement value at each measuring point is converted into the radius of wheel 7, and the pulse number at each measuring point is converted into the circumference coordinates of wheel 7:

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] (3) Calculation of wheel radial runout

[0069] The radius at each point on the wheel tread 5 is obtained, and the maximum radius and the minimum radius are found from them. The difference between the two is the radial runout.

[0070] (4) Calculate the eccentricity

[0071] Using the calculated (X' i , Y' i ) to fit the circle and obtain the coordinates of the center of the fitting circle (a, b), then the eccentricity is

[0072]

[0073] (5) Calculate ellipticity

[0074] Using the calculated (X' i , Y' i ) is used to perform ellipse fitting to obtain the major axis and minor axis of the ellipse. The difference between the major axis and the minor axis is the ellipticity.

[0075] The method of the present invention can be used when the wheel 7 is moving, and the measuring method is simple and easy to implement. At the same time, the wheel diameter runout value can be measured without lifting the wheel 7, which saves time and effort, thereby greatly reducing the measurement cost.

Claims

1. A portable wheel tread circumferential profile measuring device, characterized in that: The device comprises a measuring component (1), a following component (2) and a positioning component (3), wherein the positioning component (3) comprises symmetrically distributed fixing plates (300) and positioning wheels (306), and the two fixing plates (300) are fixedly connected via a long axis, and the positioning wheels (306) are correspondingly mounted on the fixing plates (300); the measuring component (1) is mounted perpendicular to the fixing plates (300), and the following component (2) is slidably mounted on the long axis between the two fixing plates (300); The measuring component (1) comprises an adjusting base (100), a laser displacement sensor (104), a meter wheel (107) and an encoder (106); a follower wheel (108) is mounted at the bottom of the adjusting base (100) and the laser displacement sensor (104) is mounted on the follower wheel (108); the meter wheel (107) and the encoder (106) are connected and mounted on the rotating shaft of the adjusting base (100) via a first mounting bracket (105); The following component (2) comprises a mounting seat (200) and a following wheel (202); the following wheel (202) is mounted on the bottom of the mounting seat (200) via a third mounting bracket (201); a sliding bearing seat (203) is machined on the top of the mounting seat, and the following wheel (202) is slidably mounted on the long axis between the two fixed plates (300) via the sliding bearing seat (203); The adjustment base (100) is installed on the inner side of a fixing plate (300) via an adjustment screw.

2. A portable wheel tread circumferential profile measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The follower wheel (108) is slidably connected to the adjustment base (100) via a second mounting bracket (110); the laser displacement sensor (104) is fixed to a laser bracket (103); the laser bracket (103) is connected to the adjustment base (100) via a first sliding block (101); and the rotating shaft of the first mounting bracket (105) and the adjustment base (100) is fixed by a pin.

3. A portable wheel tread circumferential profile measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first sliding block (101) is an L-shaped structure, a laser bracket (103) is fixedly mounted on its longitudinal side plate, a threaded through hole is machined on its transverse side plate, and the first sliding block (101) is connected to the adjustment base (100) via a first adjustment rotating rod (102).

4. A portable wheel tread circumferential profile measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The long axis passing through the two fixing plates (300) comprises a first long axis (310), a second long axis (311) and a third long axis (312), and both ends of the first long axis (310), the second long axis (311) and the third long axis (312) are fixedly connected to the fixing plates (300) via fixing ear plates (307); the positioning wheel (306) is mounted on a fourth mounting bracket (301), and the fourth mounting bracket (301) is fixedly connected to the fixing plates (300) via long bolts (308).

5. A portable wheel tread circumferential profile measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning component (3) is mounted with a sensor (305) and a ball plunger (309), and the sensor (305) and the ball plunger (309) are respectively mounted on different fixing plates (300) of the positioning component (3).

6. The portable wheel tread circumferential profile measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sensor (305) is fixedly mounted on the sensor bracket (302), and the sensor bracket (302) is slidably connected to the fixed plate (300) via a second slider (304). The second slider (304) is fixedly connected to the fixed plate (300), and is connected to the sensor bracket (302) via a second adjustment rotary rod (303). Ball plungers (309) are symmetrically mounted in holes at both ends of a side of the fixed plate (300) close to the fourth mounting bracket (301) through interference fit, and positioning wheels (306) are symmetrically mounted at both ends of the fourth mounting bracket (301).

7. The portable wheel tread circumferential profile measuring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second sliding block (304) and the sensor bracket (302) are both machined with mounting holes that are threadedly matched with the second adjusting rotary rod (303), and the second adjusting rotary rod (303) passes through the mounting holes of the second sliding block (304) and the sensor bracket (302).

8. A convenient method for measuring the circumferential profile of a wheel tread, characterized in that: The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used for measurement, and the measurement process is as follows: the device is installed on the inner rim surface (4) of the wheel; then the installation position of the measuring component (1) is adjusted; the wheel is driven, the wheel rotates and the wheel diameter runout value is measured.

9. A convenient method for measuring the circumferential profile of a wheel tread according to claim 8, characterized in that: When measuring, firstly, the positioning wheels (306) on both sides are attached to and fixed to the inner and outer spokes of the wheel (7), and the ball plunger (309) on the fixing plate (300) on one side is ensured to contact the inner rim surface (4) of the wheel; then, the installation positions of the follower wheel (108) and the following wheel (202) are adjusted to ensure that the follower wheel (108) is in contact with the wheel rim of the wheel (7), the meter wheel (107) is attached to the wheel tread (5), and the following wheel (202) is in contact with the rail surface of the rail (6); then, the sensor bracket (302) is adjusted to make the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor (104) pass through the center of the wheel circle; finally, the wheel (7) moves, and when it rotates, it drives the meter wheel (107) to rotate, and the wheel diameter runout value is measured.

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